Steven Brint
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780691182667
- eISBN:
- 9780691184890
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691182667.001.0001
- Subject:
- Education, Higher and Further Education
Today's headlines suggest that universities' power to advance knowledge and shape American society is rapidly declining. But this book's author has tracked numerous trends demonstrating their ...
More
Today's headlines suggest that universities' power to advance knowledge and shape American society is rapidly declining. But this book's author has tracked numerous trends demonstrating their vitality. After a recent period that witnessed soaring student enrollment and ample research funding, the book argues that universities are in a better position than ever before. Focusing on the years 1980–2015, it details the trajectory of American universities, which was influenced by evolving standards of disciplinary professionalism, market-driven partnerships (especially with scientific and technological innovators outside the academy), and the goal of social inclusion. Conflicts arose: academic entrepreneurs, for example, flouted their campus responsibilities, and departments faced backlash over the hiring of scholars with nontraditional research agendas. Nevertheless, educators' commitments to technological innovation and social diversity prevailed and created a new dynamism. The book documents these successes along with the challenges that result from rapid change. Today, knowledge-driven industries generate almost half of US GDP, but divisions by educational level split the American political order. Students flock increasingly to fields connected to the power centers of American life and steer away from the liberal arts. And opportunities for economic mobility are expanding even as academic expectations decline. In describing how universities can meet such challenges head on, especially in improving classroom learning, the book offers not only a clear-eyed perspective on the current state of American higher education but also a pragmatically optimistic vision for the future.Less
Today's headlines suggest that universities' power to advance knowledge and shape American society is rapidly declining. But this book's author has tracked numerous trends demonstrating their vitality. After a recent period that witnessed soaring student enrollment and ample research funding, the book argues that universities are in a better position than ever before. Focusing on the years 1980–2015, it details the trajectory of American universities, which was influenced by evolving standards of disciplinary professionalism, market-driven partnerships (especially with scientific and technological innovators outside the academy), and the goal of social inclusion. Conflicts arose: academic entrepreneurs, for example, flouted their campus responsibilities, and departments faced backlash over the hiring of scholars with nontraditional research agendas. Nevertheless, educators' commitments to technological innovation and social diversity prevailed and created a new dynamism. The book documents these successes along with the challenges that result from rapid change. Today, knowledge-driven industries generate almost half of US GDP, but divisions by educational level split the American political order. Students flock increasingly to fields connected to the power centers of American life and steer away from the liberal arts. And opportunities for economic mobility are expanding even as academic expectations decline. In describing how universities can meet such challenges head on, especially in improving classroom learning, the book offers not only a clear-eyed perspective on the current state of American higher education but also a pragmatically optimistic vision for the future.
R. A. W. Rhodes, John Wanna, and Patrick Weller
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199563494
- eISBN:
- 9780191722721
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563494.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, UK Politics
This chapter explores how senior public servants create and reinterpret traditions. The public service confronts two dilemmas: between the generalist tradition and the impact of managerialism, and ...
More
This chapter explores how senior public servants create and reinterpret traditions. The public service confronts two dilemmas: between the generalist tradition and the impact of managerialism, and between constitutional bureaucracy and political responsiveness. These dilemmas both drove the reforms and motivated the various heads of the public service to rethink their traditions to make sense of the world they inherited and the dilemmas they faced. Although this approach stresses local custom and practice, it can also identify shared beliefs and common responses. So, the chapter concludes public servants continue to hold many beliefs in common; they are neutral, expert, and accountable. Most notably, all seek to assert their professionalism by codifying their beliefs and practices. The essence of the public service is no longer a shared understanding, it is a written code. As a result, the family of ideas that is Westminster's constitutional bureaucracy persist to this day.Less
This chapter explores how senior public servants create and reinterpret traditions. The public service confronts two dilemmas: between the generalist tradition and the impact of managerialism, and between constitutional bureaucracy and political responsiveness. These dilemmas both drove the reforms and motivated the various heads of the public service to rethink their traditions to make sense of the world they inherited and the dilemmas they faced. Although this approach stresses local custom and practice, it can also identify shared beliefs and common responses. So, the chapter concludes public servants continue to hold many beliefs in common; they are neutral, expert, and accountable. Most notably, all seek to assert their professionalism by codifying their beliefs and practices. The essence of the public service is no longer a shared understanding, it is a written code. As a result, the family of ideas that is Westminster's constitutional bureaucracy persist to this day.
John F. Wilson and Andrew Thomson
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199261581
- eISBN:
- 9780191718588
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199261581.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History
There is a dearth of literature on management history as a key factor in modern economic society. This book aims to rectify that. It covers the period since the Second Industrial Revolution that ...
More
There is a dearth of literature on management history as a key factor in modern economic society. This book aims to rectify that. It covers the period since the Second Industrial Revolution that started around 1870, when new organizational structures and managerial systems and skills became necessary. It focuses on manufacturing and larger-scale business, since these are the areas which have caused the greatest controversy about the weaknesses displayed by British industry in comparison to other countries such as the USA, Germany, and later Japan in the move to managerial capitalism. The book uses two main sets of explanatory factors. First, it uses a wide range of twenty-six ‘drivers’ or influences on the development of management, which are brought together in three categories (technological-cum-market; institutional/cultural; and business policy and practice). Second, it takes up four main themes that explain why Britain may have fallen behind: the persistence of personal and proprietorial capitalism; organizational structure and transaction costs; social attitudes towards industry; and the slow transition towards professionalism. The twelve chapters in the book are divided into five sections in which management is analysed according to different perspectives: a scene-setting and theoretical introduction; a focus on organizational development; a contextual focus concentrating on managers as a group; a focus on key managerial functions; and a concluding chapter which reflects on the recent changes in the themes.Less
There is a dearth of literature on management history as a key factor in modern economic society. This book aims to rectify that. It covers the period since the Second Industrial Revolution that started around 1870, when new organizational structures and managerial systems and skills became necessary. It focuses on manufacturing and larger-scale business, since these are the areas which have caused the greatest controversy about the weaknesses displayed by British industry in comparison to other countries such as the USA, Germany, and later Japan in the move to managerial capitalism. The book uses two main sets of explanatory factors. First, it uses a wide range of twenty-six ‘drivers’ or influences on the development of management, which are brought together in three categories (technological-cum-market; institutional/cultural; and business policy and practice). Second, it takes up four main themes that explain why Britain may have fallen behind: the persistence of personal and proprietorial capitalism; organizational structure and transaction costs; social attitudes towards industry; and the slow transition towards professionalism. The twelve chapters in the book are divided into five sections in which management is analysed according to different perspectives: a scene-setting and theoretical introduction; a focus on organizational development; a contextual focus concentrating on managers as a group; a focus on key managerial functions; and a concluding chapter which reflects on the recent changes in the themes.
Alan Cribb
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199242733
- eISBN:
- 9780191603549
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199242739.003.0007
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
This chapter focuses on some of the tensions and interactions between what might be called the vocational and institutional identities of health professionals, between the ways in which they would ...
More
This chapter focuses on some of the tensions and interactions between what might be called the vocational and institutional identities of health professionals, between the ways in which they would like to think they act and the ways in which institutional regimes ‘make’ them act. Topics discussed include the nature of healthcare professionalism, the division of ethical labour, models of healthcare professionalism, and value allocation and professional dilemma.Less
This chapter focuses on some of the tensions and interactions between what might be called the vocational and institutional identities of health professionals, between the ways in which they would like to think they act and the ways in which institutional regimes ‘make’ them act. Topics discussed include the nature of healthcare professionalism, the division of ethical labour, models of healthcare professionalism, and value allocation and professional dilemma.
Sajay Samuel, Mark A. Covaleski, and Mark W. Dirsmith
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199546350
- eISBN:
- 9780191720048
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199546350.003.0017
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies, Finance, Accounting, and Banking
The credibility of what accountants do and say depends, ultimately, on their professionalism. This chapter explores the idea of professionalism in three movements. First, it documents the centrality ...
More
The credibility of what accountants do and say depends, ultimately, on their professionalism. This chapter explores the idea of professionalism in three movements. First, it documents the centrality of this notion, usually exposed in moments of crisis. Second, the chapter offers an historical reading of the ‘professional ideal’ to emphasize that three discursive practices circumscribe professionalism: selfless service, collegial self-regulation, and learned expertise. These dimensions of professionalism are historical events and some evidence is offered for ‘professionalism’ as an idea whose time may have passed, enabled paradoxically by accounting practices that enfeeble professionalism while simultaneously invoking it. Third, the chapter explores a consequence of the eclipse of professionalism. The debility of professionalism raises a disquieting political question: if technologically advanced societies demand the rule of experts, and these experts are not professionals, then by what principle is their rule legitimized?Less
The credibility of what accountants do and say depends, ultimately, on their professionalism. This chapter explores the idea of professionalism in three movements. First, it documents the centrality of this notion, usually exposed in moments of crisis. Second, the chapter offers an historical reading of the ‘professional ideal’ to emphasize that three discursive practices circumscribe professionalism: selfless service, collegial self-regulation, and learned expertise. These dimensions of professionalism are historical events and some evidence is offered for ‘professionalism’ as an idea whose time may have passed, enabled paradoxically by accounting practices that enfeeble professionalism while simultaneously invoking it. Third, the chapter explores a consequence of the eclipse of professionalism. The debility of professionalism raises a disquieting political question: if technologically advanced societies demand the rule of experts, and these experts are not professionals, then by what principle is their rule legitimized?
John F. Wilson and Andrew Thomson
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199261581
- eISBN:
- 9780191718588
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199261581.003.0002
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History
This chapter represents a novel exercise in model-building. The first part reviews conceptual dimensions of the way in which management has been viewed: management in the theory of the firm; schools ...
More
This chapter represents a novel exercise in model-building. The first part reviews conceptual dimensions of the way in which management has been viewed: management in the theory of the firm; schools into which writers on management thought can be broken down; and the ways in which managers themselves have approached problems. The second part provides a theoretical base. Initially, it reviews three models of organizational structures: Chandlerian internalization of decision-making; resource dependency-based or externalization-oriented; and a socially constructed approach. The main drivers of change are then identified. Finally, the four themes of the book are introduced: the persistence of personal and proprietorial capitalism; management, organizational structure and transaction costs; social attitudes towards industry and management; and the slow transition to professionalism.Less
This chapter represents a novel exercise in model-building. The first part reviews conceptual dimensions of the way in which management has been viewed: management in the theory of the firm; schools into which writers on management thought can be broken down; and the ways in which managers themselves have approached problems. The second part provides a theoretical base. Initially, it reviews three models of organizational structures: Chandlerian internalization of decision-making; resource dependency-based or externalization-oriented; and a socially constructed approach. The main drivers of change are then identified. Finally, the four themes of the book are introduced: the persistence of personal and proprietorial capitalism; management, organizational structure and transaction costs; social attitudes towards industry and management; and the slow transition to professionalism.
John F. Wilson and Andrew Thomson
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199261581
- eISBN:
- 9780191718588
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199261581.003.0005
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History
Many of the drivers and the four themes examined in this book changed from a negative to a positive orientation during the period discussed in this chapter. By the 21st century, management had ...
More
Many of the drivers and the four themes examined in this book changed from a negative to a positive orientation during the period discussed in this chapter. By the 21st century, management had achieved a much enhanced status and the number of managers had almost quadrupled. Of particular importance are the widespread use of consultancy, moves towards internalization, improved management systems, the growth of staff and functional cadres, increased professionalism, the assertion of control in employment relations, and rapid structural change, including an increasing influence of the City. In broad terms, there was a persistence of pre-war characteristics up to the 1950s, significant change in the 1960s and 1970s, and the completion and consolidation of change in the 1980s and 1990s, resulting in the emergence of managerial capitalism and the substantial dominance of the M-form structure in large-scale organizations.Less
Many of the drivers and the four themes examined in this book changed from a negative to a positive orientation during the period discussed in this chapter. By the 21st century, management had achieved a much enhanced status and the number of managers had almost quadrupled. Of particular importance are the widespread use of consultancy, moves towards internalization, improved management systems, the growth of staff and functional cadres, increased professionalism, the assertion of control in employment relations, and rapid structural change, including an increasing influence of the City. In broad terms, there was a persistence of pre-war characteristics up to the 1950s, significant change in the 1960s and 1970s, and the completion and consolidation of change in the 1980s and 1990s, resulting in the emergence of managerial capitalism and the substantial dominance of the M-form structure in large-scale organizations.
John F. Wilson and Andrew Thomson
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199261581
- eISBN:
- 9780191718588
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199261581.003.0007
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History
This chapter examines the development, education, and training of managers in Britain. It reviews national education and training institutions from basic education to universities and professional ...
More
This chapter examines the development, education, and training of managers in Britain. It reviews national education and training institutions from basic education to universities and professional institutions, and from functional, and especially technical, skills to general management. It reflects a key theme: the slow transition to professionalism. Another main theme is that education reflects and reinforces some of the cultural factors underlying attitudes to management, since it is also an indicator of social status, a sifting mechanism into careers, and a selection process both for students and employers. The main providers of development are examined: in-house training, consultants, professional institutes, and business schools. In addition, there is an important demand dimension, namely, the lack of demand for professional managers, which was the single most important factor in the slow transition to professionalism.Less
This chapter examines the development, education, and training of managers in Britain. It reviews national education and training institutions from basic education to universities and professional institutions, and from functional, and especially technical, skills to general management. It reflects a key theme: the slow transition to professionalism. Another main theme is that education reflects and reinforces some of the cultural factors underlying attitudes to management, since it is also an indicator of social status, a sifting mechanism into careers, and a selection process both for students and employers. The main providers of development are examined: in-house training, consultants, professional institutes, and business schools. In addition, there is an important demand dimension, namely, the lack of demand for professional managers, which was the single most important factor in the slow transition to professionalism.
John F. Wilson and Andrew Thomson
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199261581
- eISBN:
- 9780191718588
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199261581.003.0008
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History
This chapter discusses two important dimensions of managerial professionalism. The first is the predominant framework of management thought and the emergence of a managerial knowledge base in ...
More
This chapter discusses two important dimensions of managerial professionalism. The first is the predominant framework of management thought and the emergence of a managerial knowledge base in Britain, arguing that for the most part, British management lacked either a coherent system of thought or a generic knowledge base. There was a weakness in the technical aspects of its role, including its knowledge base, while its system of beliefs was dominated by a defensive set of attitudes concerned with establishing managerial legitimacy vis-à-vis both society at large and the workforce. The second dimension is the role of professional management institutes, especially the central institute in management history, which all took a long time to achieve recognition compared to other professions. It is argued that even now, the process of professionalization remains incomplete.Less
This chapter discusses two important dimensions of managerial professionalism. The first is the predominant framework of management thought and the emergence of a managerial knowledge base in Britain, arguing that for the most part, British management lacked either a coherent system of thought or a generic knowledge base. There was a weakness in the technical aspects of its role, including its knowledge base, while its system of beliefs was dominated by a defensive set of attitudes concerned with establishing managerial legitimacy vis-à-vis both society at large and the workforce. The second dimension is the role of professional management institutes, especially the central institute in management history, which all took a long time to achieve recognition compared to other professions. It is argued that even now, the process of professionalization remains incomplete.
John F. Wilson and Andrew Thomson
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199261581
- eISBN:
- 9780191718588
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199261581.003.0012
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History
This chapter reviews the frames of reference that have been used throughout the book, especially the development models and the changing implications of the drivers. It then examines the developments ...
More
This chapter reviews the frames of reference that have been used throughout the book, especially the development models and the changing implications of the drivers. It then examines the developments in the four themes, in particular how they have changed very considerably to bring Britain’s management systems and structures into line with those of other countries, especially in the last three decades or so. A further section seeks to identify changes in the managerial role during the 20th century and to place the very large increase in managerial numbers into perspective. The final section provides some reflections about the transition to managerial capitalism and financial capitalism, the possible trend to managerialism, and the potential for further change in the future.Less
This chapter reviews the frames of reference that have been used throughout the book, especially the development models and the changing implications of the drivers. It then examines the developments in the four themes, in particular how they have changed very considerably to bring Britain’s management systems and structures into line with those of other countries, especially in the last three decades or so. A further section seeks to identify changes in the managerial role during the 20th century and to place the very large increase in managerial numbers into perspective. The final section provides some reflections about the transition to managerial capitalism and financial capitalism, the possible trend to managerialism, and the potential for further change in the future.
George Cheney, Daniel J. Lair, Dean Ritz, and Brenden E. Kendall
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195182774
- eISBN:
- 9780199871001
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195182774.003.0002
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Corporate Governance and Accountability
This chapter explores how we have limited our own understanding and application of ethics at work through our everyday talk about it. The chapter begins by arguing that how we frame ethics is as ...
More
This chapter explores how we have limited our own understanding and application of ethics at work through our everyday talk about it. The chapter begins by arguing that how we frame ethics is as important, and sometimes more important, than the specific ethical decisions we make. The chapter explains how a perspective on ethics that is grounded in communication and rhetoric can illuminate how we unnecessarily restrain the influence of ethics at work. The chapter makes the case for examining popular culture and everyday talk for clues to how ethics is treated in our professional lives. Turning the saying “talk is cheap” on its head, the chapter urges a serious consideration of what it means to say, for example, that one's work is “just a job” or that we should “let the market decide.” Thus, the reader is urged to find ethical implications in diverse messages and cases, ranging from codes and handbooks, to television shows and Internet advertising, to everyday conversation, including sayings that become part of who we are.Less
This chapter explores how we have limited our own understanding and application of ethics at work through our everyday talk about it. The chapter begins by arguing that how we frame ethics is as important, and sometimes more important, than the specific ethical decisions we make. The chapter explains how a perspective on ethics that is grounded in communication and rhetoric can illuminate how we unnecessarily restrain the influence of ethics at work. The chapter makes the case for examining popular culture and everyday talk for clues to how ethics is treated in our professional lives. Turning the saying “talk is cheap” on its head, the chapter urges a serious consideration of what it means to say, for example, that one's work is “just a job” or that we should “let the market decide.” Thus, the reader is urged to find ethical implications in diverse messages and cases, ranging from codes and handbooks, to television shows and Internet advertising, to everyday conversation, including sayings that become part of who we are.
George Cheney, Daniel J. Lair, Dean Ritz, and Brenden E. Kendall
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195182774
- eISBN:
- 9780199871001
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195182774.003.0003
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Corporate Governance and Accountability
This chapter explores deeply how our common ways of speaking about ethics distract us from a more integrative vision of ethics in our lives. The chapter introduces three problems with how we ...
More
This chapter explores deeply how our common ways of speaking about ethics distract us from a more integrative vision of ethics in our lives. The chapter introduces three problems with how we typically approach ethics, as revealed in our language: compartmentalization, or putting ethics in a box; “essentialization,” or trying to reduce or crystallize ethics in terms of one thing or simple answers; and abstraction, or creating distance (or alienation) between ethical concerns and everyday practices. The chapter then explains seven common dimensions cutting across various understandings of ethics, in order to illustrate just what we mean by “ethics” when we speak about it in a particular way. These dimensions include agency and autonomy, discrimination and choice, motive and purpose, responsibility and relationship, rationality and emotionality, role and identity, and scene and situation. The discussion invokes traditional ethical theories to show how they tend to emphasize certain features over others. This chapter concludes by arguing how Aristotle's idea of eudaimonia, or flourishing, helps bring together reframed notions of virtue with our most cherished life goals.Less
This chapter explores deeply how our common ways of speaking about ethics distract us from a more integrative vision of ethics in our lives. The chapter introduces three problems with how we typically approach ethics, as revealed in our language: compartmentalization, or putting ethics in a box; “essentialization,” or trying to reduce or crystallize ethics in terms of one thing or simple answers; and abstraction, or creating distance (or alienation) between ethical concerns and everyday practices. The chapter then explains seven common dimensions cutting across various understandings of ethics, in order to illustrate just what we mean by “ethics” when we speak about it in a particular way. These dimensions include agency and autonomy, discrimination and choice, motive and purpose, responsibility and relationship, rationality and emotionality, role and identity, and scene and situation. The discussion invokes traditional ethical theories to show how they tend to emphasize certain features over others. This chapter concludes by arguing how Aristotle's idea of eudaimonia, or flourishing, helps bring together reframed notions of virtue with our most cherished life goals.
George Cheney, Daniel J. Lair, Dean Ritz, and Brenden E. Kendall
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195182774
- eISBN:
- 9780199871001
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195182774.003.0005
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Corporate Governance and Accountability
This chapter addresses the domain of the professional, taking seriously the notion that the professional is personal, in addition to being social, political, and ethical. The chapter traces the ...
More
This chapter addresses the domain of the professional, taking seriously the notion that the professional is personal, in addition to being social, political, and ethical. The chapter traces the development of modern professional classes, particularly as they implicate individual and collective moral practice. In certain ways, formal professions have the capacity to elevate moral practice and create barriers to ethical visions. This chapter considers the various sides of professional life, takes a second look at its ethical claims, and exposes some of the problems with what we usually think of as an unmitigated positive force in society; that is, professionalism. As part of this evaluation, the chapter probes issues of professional style and examines the categories into which individuals and whole segments of society are divided. The chapter concludes with a call to reconsider the meaning of “career.”Less
This chapter addresses the domain of the professional, taking seriously the notion that the professional is personal, in addition to being social, political, and ethical. The chapter traces the development of modern professional classes, particularly as they implicate individual and collective moral practice. In certain ways, formal professions have the capacity to elevate moral practice and create barriers to ethical visions. This chapter considers the various sides of professional life, takes a second look at its ethical claims, and exposes some of the problems with what we usually think of as an unmitigated positive force in society; that is, professionalism. As part of this evaluation, the chapter probes issues of professional style and examines the categories into which individuals and whole segments of society are divided. The chapter concludes with a call to reconsider the meaning of “career.”
Matthew Gill
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199547142
- eISBN:
- 9780191720017
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199547142.003.0006
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Corporate Governance and Accountability, Finance, Accounting, and Banking
This chapter illustrates how accountants' conception of professionalism has been eroded both by the idea of the accountant as a technical expert, and by the competing imperative of commercialism in ...
More
This chapter illustrates how accountants' conception of professionalism has been eroded both by the idea of the accountant as a technical expert, and by the competing imperative of commercialism in accounting firms. Yet accountants still aspire to professionalism, even though the concept has become opaque to them. The chapter explores why professionalism remains important to accountants, and reveals its potential as a means of securing public trust in the accounting profession.Less
This chapter illustrates how accountants' conception of professionalism has been eroded both by the idea of the accountant as a technical expert, and by the competing imperative of commercialism in accounting firms. Yet accountants still aspire to professionalism, even though the concept has become opaque to them. The chapter explores why professionalism remains important to accountants, and reveals its potential as a means of securing public trust in the accounting profession.
Matthew Gill
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199547142
- eISBN:
- 9780191720017
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199547142.003.0008
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Corporate Governance and Accountability, Finance, Accounting, and Banking
This chapter draws together the conclusions of previous chapters with respect to knowledge, truthfulness, work, ethics, and professionalism. It argues that attempts to overcome the crisis of ...
More
This chapter draws together the conclusions of previous chapters with respect to knowledge, truthfulness, work, ethics, and professionalism. It argues that attempts to overcome the crisis of legitimacy in accounting through more detailed regulation can be counterproductive. Instead, it proposes a reinvigoration of professional ethics as a more robust way of ensuring that accountants engage in their work responsibly, and explores how such a change might best be brought about.Less
This chapter draws together the conclusions of previous chapters with respect to knowledge, truthfulness, work, ethics, and professionalism. It argues that attempts to overcome the crisis of legitimacy in accounting through more detailed regulation can be counterproductive. Instead, it proposes a reinvigoration of professional ethics as a more robust way of ensuring that accountants engage in their work responsibly, and explores how such a change might best be brought about.
Shehzad Nadeem
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691147871
- eISBN:
- 9781400836697
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691147871.003.0007
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This chapter examines the globalization of corporate culture. It first considers the balance of control and consent in the workplace before discussing managerial views of Indian workers. It then ...
More
This chapter examines the globalization of corporate culture. It first considers the balance of control and consent in the workplace before discussing managerial views of Indian workers. It then explores how professionalism plays itself out in the lives of outsourcing workers and describes some of the less than salutary effects of this push for moral reform. It also analyzes the ways that rule-bending undermines the meritocratic aspirations of the contemporary workplace. The chapter shows that management's infantilizing gaze, its project of moral reform, and the “flexible” labor regime are mutually supportive. Frustrated by what they perceive to be the submissiveness and excessive “Indianness” of their employees, management attempts to instill nominally Western professional values in the workforce.Less
This chapter examines the globalization of corporate culture. It first considers the balance of control and consent in the workplace before discussing managerial views of Indian workers. It then explores how professionalism plays itself out in the lives of outsourcing workers and describes some of the less than salutary effects of this push for moral reform. It also analyzes the ways that rule-bending undermines the meritocratic aspirations of the contemporary workplace. The chapter shows that management's infantilizing gaze, its project of moral reform, and the “flexible” labor regime are mutually supportive. Frustrated by what they perceive to be the submissiveness and excessive “Indianness” of their employees, management attempts to instill nominally Western professional values in the workforce.
Jeffrey Magee
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195090222
- eISBN:
- 9780199871469
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195090222.003.0001
- Subject:
- Music, Popular
Fletcher Henderson is widely known as an important figure in jazz history, but he has been viewed in problematic ways that do not fully reflect the nature of his music and career as a pianist, ...
More
Fletcher Henderson is widely known as an important figure in jazz history, but he has been viewed in problematic ways that do not fully reflect the nature of his music and career as a pianist, bandleader, and arranger-composer. Henderson's influence may be better understood by seeing him as a catalyst for musical collaboration and change. His musical relationships were essential to his success, and his versatility and professionalism shaped a unique career. Henderson contributed to jazz in the early 20th century when middle-class African Americans increasingly challenged conventional views about race, and when the music industry intensified its efforts to exploit the new media of radio and recordings. Taking these trends into consideration with a critical review of Henderson's written arrangements, performance history, biography, and recordings, Henderson emerges as having a considerably more complex relationship to the jazz tradition — and the history of music in the United States — than demonstrated by previous inquiry.Less
Fletcher Henderson is widely known as an important figure in jazz history, but he has been viewed in problematic ways that do not fully reflect the nature of his music and career as a pianist, bandleader, and arranger-composer. Henderson's influence may be better understood by seeing him as a catalyst for musical collaboration and change. His musical relationships were essential to his success, and his versatility and professionalism shaped a unique career. Henderson contributed to jazz in the early 20th century when middle-class African Americans increasingly challenged conventional views about race, and when the music industry intensified its efforts to exploit the new media of radio and recordings. Taking these trends into consideration with a critical review of Henderson's written arrangements, performance history, biography, and recordings, Henderson emerges as having a considerably more complex relationship to the jazz tradition — and the history of music in the United States — than demonstrated by previous inquiry.
Ellen Kuhlmann
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861348586
- eISBN:
- 9781447302810
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861348586.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This book is a crucial contribution to debates about the rapid modernisation of health care systems and the dynamics of changing modes of governance and citizenship. Structured around the role of the ...
More
This book is a crucial contribution to debates about the rapid modernisation of health care systems and the dynamics of changing modes of governance and citizenship. Structured around the role of the professions as mediators between state and citizens, and set against a background of tighter resources and growing demands for citizenship rights, the book offers a much-needed comparative analysis, using the German health care system as a case study. The German system, with its strongly self-regulatory medical profession, exemplifies both the capacity of professionalism to re-make itself, and the role of the state in response, highlighting the benefits and dangers of medical self-regulation, while demonstrating the potential for change beyond marketisation and managerialism. The book critically reviews dominant models of provider control and user participation, and empirically investigates different sets of dynamics in health care, including tensions between global reform models and nation-specific conditions; inter-professional dynamics and changing gender arrangements; the role of the service-user as a new stakeholder in health care; and the rise of a new professionalism shaped by social inclusion. This book provides new approaches and a wealth of new empirical data.Less
This book is a crucial contribution to debates about the rapid modernisation of health care systems and the dynamics of changing modes of governance and citizenship. Structured around the role of the professions as mediators between state and citizens, and set against a background of tighter resources and growing demands for citizenship rights, the book offers a much-needed comparative analysis, using the German health care system as a case study. The German system, with its strongly self-regulatory medical profession, exemplifies both the capacity of professionalism to re-make itself, and the role of the state in response, highlighting the benefits and dangers of medical self-regulation, while demonstrating the potential for change beyond marketisation and managerialism. The book critically reviews dominant models of provider control and user participation, and empirically investigates different sets of dynamics in health care, including tensions between global reform models and nation-specific conditions; inter-professional dynamics and changing gender arrangements; the role of the service-user as a new stakeholder in health care; and the rise of a new professionalism shaped by social inclusion. This book provides new approaches and a wealth of new empirical data.
Adil E. Shamoo and David B. Resnik
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195368246
- eISBN:
- 9780199867615
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195368246.003.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Disease Ecology / Epidemiology, Biochemistry / Molecular Biology
There is a growing recognition among scientists, government officials, research institutions, and the public that ethical conduct is essential to scientific research. Ethical conduct is important for ...
More
There is a growing recognition among scientists, government officials, research institutions, and the public that ethical conduct is essential to scientific research. Ethical conduct is important for fostering collaboration, cooperation, and trust among scientists; for advancing the goals of research; for fulfilling scientists' social responsibilities; and for avoiding or minimizing damaging scandals resulting from unethical or illegal behavior. This chapter discusses the importance of ethics in research and the nature of scientific professionalism.Less
There is a growing recognition among scientists, government officials, research institutions, and the public that ethical conduct is essential to scientific research. Ethical conduct is important for fostering collaboration, cooperation, and trust among scientists; for advancing the goals of research; for fulfilling scientists' social responsibilities; and for avoiding or minimizing damaging scandals resulting from unethical or illegal behavior. This chapter discusses the importance of ethics in research and the nature of scientific professionalism.
Kay Dickinson
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195326635
- eISBN:
- 9780199851676
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326635.003.0006
- Subject:
- Music, Popular
This chapter examines a particular type of film and music combination in which pop music stars appear in motion pictures. It suggests that these films exemplify film-music alliances that do not work. ...
More
This chapter examines a particular type of film and music combination in which pop music stars appear in motion pictures. It suggests that these films exemplify film-music alliances that do not work. It describes movies in which famous singers with perhaps limited acting capabilities have been well used because their standard personas helpfully overlap with the film roles in which they have been cast or their individual performing talents ease them more naturally into certain roles. It investigates where the failed cross-overs sit within the particular systems of professionalism that privilege flexibility and emotional labor.Less
This chapter examines a particular type of film and music combination in which pop music stars appear in motion pictures. It suggests that these films exemplify film-music alliances that do not work. It describes movies in which famous singers with perhaps limited acting capabilities have been well used because their standard personas helpfully overlap with the film roles in which they have been cast or their individual performing talents ease them more naturally into certain roles. It investigates where the failed cross-overs sit within the particular systems of professionalism that privilege flexibility and emotional labor.
