Steven Brint
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780691182667
- eISBN:
- 9780691184890
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691182667.003.0008
- Subject:
- Education, Higher and Further Education
This chapter considers the weakness that strikes at the core of academe's objectives and makes the triumph of online alternatives more plausible. The issue has been diplomatically described as ...
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This chapter considers the weakness that strikes at the core of academe's objectives and makes the triumph of online alternatives more plausible. The issue has been diplomatically described as “underachievement” in undergraduate education, but it could be described equally well as the failure to inculcate professional standards and expectations for college teachers. The chapter analyzes why the disparate efforts during the period to reform undergraduate teaching and to make colleges accountable for student learning failed to transform college classrooms. It also shows why the new sciences of learning have the potential to create the more powerful learning environments that earlier reformers failed to produce.Less
This chapter considers the weakness that strikes at the core of academe's objectives and makes the triumph of online alternatives more plausible. The issue has been diplomatically described as “underachievement” in undergraduate education, but it could be described equally well as the failure to inculcate professional standards and expectations for college teachers. The chapter analyzes why the disparate efforts during the period to reform undergraduate teaching and to make colleges accountable for student learning failed to transform college classrooms. It also shows why the new sciences of learning have the potential to create the more powerful learning environments that earlier reformers failed to produce.
Ross Cranston (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198259312
- eISBN:
- 9780191681936
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198259312.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Legal Profession and Ethics
Among members of the legal profession and judiciary throughout the world, there is a genuine concern with establishing and maintaining high ethical standards. It is not difficult to understand why ...
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Among members of the legal profession and judiciary throughout the world, there is a genuine concern with establishing and maintaining high ethical standards. It is not difficult to understand why this should be so. Nor is it difficult to see that professional standards are not completely divorced from ordinary morality. Indeed, legal ethics and professional responsibility are more than a set of rules of good conduct; they are also a commitment to honesty, integrity, and service in the practice of law. In order to ensure that the standards established are the right ones, it is necessary first of all to examine important philosophical and policy issues, such as the need to reconsider the boundaries between, on the one hand, a lawyer's obligation to a client and, on the other, the public interest. It is also to be appreciated that conflicts of interest are pervasive and that all too often they are so common that they are not recognised as such. Yet rarely is public policy clearly cut. The book analyses the ethical rules pertaining to the judiciary, the Bar, and solicitors; it looks at the specific issues of confidentiality and the particular ethical problems in the family and criminal law jurisdictions; it finishes with a chapter which examines what lawyers may learn from looking at the study of medical ethics.Less
Among members of the legal profession and judiciary throughout the world, there is a genuine concern with establishing and maintaining high ethical standards. It is not difficult to understand why this should be so. Nor is it difficult to see that professional standards are not completely divorced from ordinary morality. Indeed, legal ethics and professional responsibility are more than a set of rules of good conduct; they are also a commitment to honesty, integrity, and service in the practice of law. In order to ensure that the standards established are the right ones, it is necessary first of all to examine important philosophical and policy issues, such as the need to reconsider the boundaries between, on the one hand, a lawyer's obligation to a client and, on the other, the public interest. It is also to be appreciated that conflicts of interest are pervasive and that all too often they are so common that they are not recognised as such. Yet rarely is public policy clearly cut. The book analyses the ethical rules pertaining to the judiciary, the Bar, and solicitors; it looks at the specific issues of confidentiality and the particular ethical problems in the family and criminal law jurisdictions; it finishes with a chapter which examines what lawyers may learn from looking at the study of medical ethics.
Ross Cranston
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199292073
- eISBN:
- 9780191700699
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199292073.003.0006
- Subject:
- Law, Legal Profession and Ethics
This chapter addresses the need to reconsider the boundaries between a lawyer's obligation to a client and the public interest. It also ...
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This chapter addresses the need to reconsider the boundaries between a lawyer's obligation to a client and the public interest. It also considers the danger that focusing simply on the profession's ethical rules can lead to moral blindness: legal ethics and professional responsibility are more than a set of rules; they are also a commitment to honesty, integrity, and service in the working of the law. Secrecy, diligence, and fidelity are the three duties that offer the pegs for a relatively brief exposition of the central rules of professional responsibility. The limits of lawyer zeal are illustrated. There is a need for rules and a bureaucratic machinery to assimilate and discipline the profession's disparate parts. An underlying theme of this chapter has been that the move to more definite rules is not only inevitable but also desirable. In addition, legal ethics have to be conceived of within the more general area of professional responsibility.Less
This chapter addresses the need to reconsider the boundaries between a lawyer's obligation to a client and the public interest. It also considers the danger that focusing simply on the profession's ethical rules can lead to moral blindness: legal ethics and professional responsibility are more than a set of rules; they are also a commitment to honesty, integrity, and service in the working of the law. Secrecy, diligence, and fidelity are the three duties that offer the pegs for a relatively brief exposition of the central rules of professional responsibility. The limits of lawyer zeal are illustrated. There is a need for rules and a bureaucratic machinery to assimilate and discipline the profession's disparate parts. An underlying theme of this chapter has been that the move to more definite rules is not only inevitable but also desirable. In addition, legal ethics have to be conceived of within the more general area of professional responsibility.
Linda Bell
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781447350712
- eISBN:
- 9781447350736
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447350712.003.0007
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
This chapter explores social work values. These values, such as promoting social justice, are considered key to this occupational group. Many of the chapter's interviewees seem to share similar ...
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This chapter explores social work values. These values, such as promoting social justice, are considered key to this occupational group. Many of the chapter's interviewees seem to share similar values; however, these values sometimes seem to vary culturally and geographically. International social work espouses additional values by placing an emphasis on globalisation and international development. In addition, the chapter is concerned with what happens when social workers fail to live up to their professional standards, and what sanctions may be applied. Here, the chapter draws upon published research as well as data from the author's own studies into recent, publicly available material on social workers' processes of deregistration and other sanctions. The chapter ends with a look ahead to the imminent establishment of the new social work regulator for England, Social Work England.Less
This chapter explores social work values. These values, such as promoting social justice, are considered key to this occupational group. Many of the chapter's interviewees seem to share similar values; however, these values sometimes seem to vary culturally and geographically. International social work espouses additional values by placing an emphasis on globalisation and international development. In addition, the chapter is concerned with what happens when social workers fail to live up to their professional standards, and what sanctions may be applied. Here, the chapter draws upon published research as well as data from the author's own studies into recent, publicly available material on social workers' processes of deregistration and other sanctions. The chapter ends with a look ahead to the imminent establishment of the new social work regulator for England, Social Work England.
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226327594
- eISBN:
- 9780226328072
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226328072.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter considers two key elements of adoption modernization: the matching paradigm and the evolution of professional standards in adoption practice. Their common goal was to predict and control ...
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This chapter considers two key elements of adoption modernization: the matching paradigm and the evolution of professional standards in adoption practice. Their common goal was to predict and control the uncertainties of adoption. Matching held adoption up to the mirror of nature, and standards subjected adoption to systematic management. In both cases, families were deliberately made, even when design practices aimed to make them appear as if they were not. The idea of nature exerted moral authority over human social arrangements—to define them as appropriate, invariant, and good or as transgressive, contingent, and bad—that went largely uncontested in the early twentieth century in the United States. Matching made kinship through effort-filled social operations that simulated the appearance, stability, and authenticity that were assumed to be effortless products of nature. Standardization made kinship according to plan so that its outcomes could first be made visible, then carefully measured, and ultimately improved. As rational methods, matching and standardization subjected family making to novel forms of scrutiny, discipline, and calculation. The paradoxical point was to design kinship so seamlessly that adoptive families did not appear to be designed at all.Less
This chapter considers two key elements of adoption modernization: the matching paradigm and the evolution of professional standards in adoption practice. Their common goal was to predict and control the uncertainties of adoption. Matching held adoption up to the mirror of nature, and standards subjected adoption to systematic management. In both cases, families were deliberately made, even when design practices aimed to make them appear as if they were not. The idea of nature exerted moral authority over human social arrangements—to define them as appropriate, invariant, and good or as transgressive, contingent, and bad—that went largely uncontested in the early twentieth century in the United States. Matching made kinship through effort-filled social operations that simulated the appearance, stability, and authenticity that were assumed to be effortless products of nature. Standardization made kinship according to plan so that its outcomes could first be made visible, then carefully measured, and ultimately improved. As rational methods, matching and standardization subjected family making to novel forms of scrutiny, discipline, and calculation. The paradoxical point was to design kinship so seamlessly that adoptive families did not appear to be designed at all.
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226660714
- eISBN:
- 9780226660738
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226660738.003.0006
- Subject:
- Education, Educational Policy and Politics
This chapter explains teacher union campaigns in 1970 and 1980 and states that they were a product of visible efforts towards school reform on the part of black parents and a publicly responsive ...
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This chapter explains teacher union campaigns in 1970 and 1980 and states that they were a product of visible efforts towards school reform on the part of black parents and a publicly responsive image of teacher unions. In this process essential contributions were provided by Albert Shanker, president of the United Federation of Teachers (UFT) and the American Federation of Teachers (1974). He put forth a more consolidated message about teacher professionalism than had existed in 1970 in a weekly column in the New York Times and in his support of the Reagan administration's report on school failure, A Nation at Risk. This message was accountable for upholding high professional standards. Though the teachers' responses to this argument about accountability varied, they were also tangential to a teacher power movement that more effectively produced political power for teacher unions than it heightened individual teachers' authority in their schools and their communities.Less
This chapter explains teacher union campaigns in 1970 and 1980 and states that they were a product of visible efforts towards school reform on the part of black parents and a publicly responsive image of teacher unions. In this process essential contributions were provided by Albert Shanker, president of the United Federation of Teachers (UFT) and the American Federation of Teachers (1974). He put forth a more consolidated message about teacher professionalism than had existed in 1970 in a weekly column in the New York Times and in his support of the Reagan administration's report on school failure, A Nation at Risk. This message was accountable for upholding high professional standards. Though the teachers' responses to this argument about accountability varied, they were also tangential to a teacher power movement that more effectively produced political power for teacher unions than it heightened individual teachers' authority in their schools and their communities.
José B. Ashford and Melissa Kupferberg
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780195329469
- eISBN:
- 9780199367603
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195329469.003.0003
- Subject:
- Social Work, Crime and Justice
This chapter reviews the norms and professional standards governing current practice in the field of death-penalty litigation. It also describes the roles and functions of key participants on a ...
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This chapter reviews the norms and professional standards governing current practice in the field of death-penalty litigation. It also describes the roles and functions of key participants on a capital defense team with the aim of fostering improved cooperation between the different members of the defense team, including experts selected to help in the evaluation and presentation of socially relevant forms of mitigation.Less
This chapter reviews the norms and professional standards governing current practice in the field of death-penalty litigation. It also describes the roles and functions of key participants on a capital defense team with the aim of fostering improved cooperation between the different members of the defense team, including experts selected to help in the evaluation and presentation of socially relevant forms of mitigation.
Linnea L. Rademaker and Elena Y. Polush
- Published in print:
- 2022
- Published Online:
- January 2022
- ISBN:
- 9780197620823
- eISBN:
- 9780190921750
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780197620823.003.0005
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Many authors have written about ethical issues associated with their and others’ research and evaluations. Some have discussed the unintended consequences of working with participants in their ...
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Many authors have written about ethical issues associated with their and others’ research and evaluations. Some have discussed the unintended consequences of working with participants in their research, whereas others have argued the need for researchers to accept some risk in order to make advances in knowledge. Still others have equated adherence to professional standards in the field as representative of an ethical stance. This chapter addresses ethical considerations ranging from participant respect to institutional review board (IRB) approval. It discusses procedural ethics and practice ethics. The nature of standards in the evaluation and action research field is explored. The chapter explains the nature of IRB as a historical, international, and federal entity designed to guide the ethical treatment of humans within research. The chapter connects the idea of ethics to researchers’ own positionality and includes vignettes.Less
Many authors have written about ethical issues associated with their and others’ research and evaluations. Some have discussed the unintended consequences of working with participants in their research, whereas others have argued the need for researchers to accept some risk in order to make advances in knowledge. Still others have equated adherence to professional standards in the field as representative of an ethical stance. This chapter addresses ethical considerations ranging from participant respect to institutional review board (IRB) approval. It discusses procedural ethics and practice ethics. The nature of standards in the evaluation and action research field is explored. The chapter explains the nature of IRB as a historical, international, and federal entity designed to guide the ethical treatment of humans within research. The chapter connects the idea of ethics to researchers’ own positionality and includes vignettes.
