Katherine Adams
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195336801
- eISBN:
- 9780199868360
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195336801.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, American, 19th Century Literature
This chapter examines mid-19th-century U.S. privacy discourse in its dystopian aspect, where privacy is a force that threatens to invade the ...
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This chapter examines mid-19th-century U.S. privacy discourse in its dystopian aspect, where privacy is a force that threatens to invade the public sphere and destroy free democratic association. The argument focuses on Harriet Beecher Stowe's portrayals of Sojourner Truth in her 1856 novel Dred and her 1863 Atlantic Monthly essay “Sojourner Truth: The Libyan Sibyl.” It shows how Stowe operates within a pattern of representation that poses blacks as figures of privation—that is, as subjects enslaved by their own bodies, incapable of self-containing self-government—through which white Americans deflected the problem of their own surplus embodiment and the failures of free labor and market idealism that produced it. The chapter demonstrates that Stowe uses Truth to engage this national crisis of uncontained bodies and, in so doing, to negotiate the embodied limits of her own female authorship.Less
This chapter examines mid-19th-century U.S. privacy discourse in its dystopian aspect, where privacy is a force that threatens to invade the public sphere and destroy free democratic association. The argument focuses on Harriet Beecher Stowe's portrayals of Sojourner Truth in her 1856 novel Dred and her 1863 Atlantic Monthly essay “Sojourner Truth: The Libyan Sibyl.” It shows how Stowe operates within a pattern of representation that poses blacks as figures of privation—that is, as subjects enslaved by their own bodies, incapable of self-containing self-government—through which white Americans deflected the problem of their own surplus embodiment and the failures of free labor and market idealism that produced it. The chapter demonstrates that Stowe uses Truth to engage this national crisis of uncontained bodies and, in so doing, to negotiate the embodied limits of her own female authorship.
Daniel D. Novotny
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780823244768
- eISBN:
- 9780823252695
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823244768.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Ancient Philosophy
The influence of the Spanish Jesuit Francisco Suárez (1548-1617) on 17th-century philosophy, theology, and law can hardly be underestimated. This book explores one of the most controversial topics of ...
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The influence of the Spanish Jesuit Francisco Suárez (1548-1617) on 17th-century philosophy, theology, and law can hardly be underestimated. This book explores one of the most controversial topics of Suárez’s philosophy: beings of reason. Beings of reason are impossible intentional objects, such as blindness and square-circle. The first part of the book is structured around a close reading of Suárez’s main text on the subject, namely Disputation 54. The chapters are devoted to the questions of the nature, causes, and the division of beings of reason. The second part centers on texts by other outstanding philosophers of the time, such as the Spanish Jesuit Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza (1578-1641), the Italian Franciscan Bartolomeo Mastri (1602-73), and the Spanish-Bohemian-Luxembourgian polymath Juan Caramuel de Lobkowitz (1606-82). Two theses are defended: First, that Suárez’s theory of beings of reason is incoherent and, second, that he stands at the beginning of a series of first-rate scholastic philosophers of the Baroque era who addressed this topic. These theses are supported by showing that the scholastic philosophers who followed Suárez attempted to improve upon the standard Suarezian account of beings of reason either by (a) modifying it, working out further details, and resolving the objections against it, or (b) coming up with altogether different theories. The book also contains a chapter which aims at making the scholastic preoccupations with beings of reason intelligible to contemporary analytical metaphysicians and a chapter discussing the need to pay greater historiographical attention to the study of scholasticism of the Baroque era.Less
The influence of the Spanish Jesuit Francisco Suárez (1548-1617) on 17th-century philosophy, theology, and law can hardly be underestimated. This book explores one of the most controversial topics of Suárez’s philosophy: beings of reason. Beings of reason are impossible intentional objects, such as blindness and square-circle. The first part of the book is structured around a close reading of Suárez’s main text on the subject, namely Disputation 54. The chapters are devoted to the questions of the nature, causes, and the division of beings of reason. The second part centers on texts by other outstanding philosophers of the time, such as the Spanish Jesuit Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza (1578-1641), the Italian Franciscan Bartolomeo Mastri (1602-73), and the Spanish-Bohemian-Luxembourgian polymath Juan Caramuel de Lobkowitz (1606-82). Two theses are defended: First, that Suárez’s theory of beings of reason is incoherent and, second, that he stands at the beginning of a series of first-rate scholastic philosophers of the Baroque era who addressed this topic. These theses are supported by showing that the scholastic philosophers who followed Suárez attempted to improve upon the standard Suarezian account of beings of reason either by (a) modifying it, working out further details, and resolving the objections against it, or (b) coming up with altogether different theories. The book also contains a chapter which aims at making the scholastic preoccupations with beings of reason intelligible to contemporary analytical metaphysicians and a chapter discussing the need to pay greater historiographical attention to the study of scholasticism of the Baroque era.
Ronald Hutton
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205708
- eISBN:
- 9780191676758
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205708.003.0015
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History, British and Irish Early Modern History
Either before or after St Valentine's Day fell a much bigger and more general festival. It began on ‘Shrove Sunday’, the seventh before Easter, continued on ‘Collop Monday’, and reached its climax on ...
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Either before or after St Valentine's Day fell a much bigger and more general festival. It began on ‘Shrove Sunday’, the seventh before Easter, continued on ‘Collop Monday’, and reached its climax on ‘Shrove Tuesday’. Its origins lay in the early Middle Ages, along with those of the long fast of Lent, which it directly preceded and which thus created it. The peculiar febrility of Shrovetide sprang from two causes. The first was that it was a last opportunity for fun before the dietary, recreational, and sexual restrictions of Lent set in. The second was that, by this season, stocks of food would have been low for many people in any case and privation considerable, so that an opportunity for the frenetic release of emotion would have been very welcome.Less
Either before or after St Valentine's Day fell a much bigger and more general festival. It began on ‘Shrove Sunday’, the seventh before Easter, continued on ‘Collop Monday’, and reached its climax on ‘Shrove Tuesday’. Its origins lay in the early Middle Ages, along with those of the long fast of Lent, which it directly preceded and which thus created it. The peculiar febrility of Shrovetide sprang from two causes. The first was that it was a last opportunity for fun before the dietary, recreational, and sexual restrictions of Lent set in. The second was that, by this season, stocks of food would have been low for many people in any case and privation considerable, so that an opportunity for the frenetic release of emotion would have been very welcome.
Robert Merrihew Adams
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195153712
- eISBN:
- 9780199869381
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195153715.003.0005
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
Badness is not understood here, in parallel with goodness, as resemblance to a transcendent Bad. Rather it is understood in relation to the Good, as privation of goodness, more gravely as opposition ...
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Badness is not understood here, in parallel with goodness, as resemblance to a transcendent Bad. Rather it is understood in relation to the Good, as privation of goodness, more gravely as opposition to goodness, or in the most horrifying cases as violation of something sacred. This chapter takes a widely shared sense of moral horror at certain actions as a clue in developing the relevant concepts of violation (here preferred to that of defilement) and the sacred. The treatment of the sacred in terms of images of God provides a context for an account of the special value of persons as persons.Less
Badness is not understood here, in parallel with goodness, as resemblance to a transcendent Bad. Rather it is understood in relation to the Good, as privation of goodness, more gravely as opposition to goodness, or in the most horrifying cases as violation of something sacred. This chapter takes a widely shared sense of moral horror at certain actions as a clue in developing the relevant concepts of violation (here preferred to that of defilement) and the sacred. The treatment of the sacred in terms of images of God provides a context for an account of the special value of persons as persons.
Steven E. Nash
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813125817
- eISBN:
- 9780813135533
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813125817.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, American History: Civil War
The Civil War brought privation, loss of life, and governmental power to western Carolinians' doorsteps to an unprecedented degree. Conscription officers, tax collectors, and soldiers became ...
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The Civil War brought privation, loss of life, and governmental power to western Carolinians' doorsteps to an unprecedented degree. Conscription officers, tax collectors, and soldiers became commonplace in the region during the war. White mountaineers greeted the Richmond government's policies with more of an attitude of exasperation than the defiant opposition that many later observers read into their responses. When the Richmond government inaugurated the first draft of the war in April 1862, its exemption for white men on farms with 20 or more slaves led to a spike in desertion and violence.Less
The Civil War brought privation, loss of life, and governmental power to western Carolinians' doorsteps to an unprecedented degree. Conscription officers, tax collectors, and soldiers became commonplace in the region during the war. White mountaineers greeted the Richmond government's policies with more of an attitude of exasperation than the defiant opposition that many later observers read into their responses. When the Richmond government inaugurated the first draft of the war in April 1862, its exemption for white men on farms with 20 or more slaves led to a spike in desertion and violence.
S. P. MacKenzie
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199656028
- eISBN:
- 9780191744624
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199656028.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Military History
This chapter looks at the experiences of the small number of British civilians captured in the initial North Korean advance in the summer of 1950 while in transit northward and in various North ...
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This chapter looks at the experiences of the small number of British civilians captured in the initial North Korean advance in the summer of 1950 while in transit northward and in various North Korean camps along the Yalu. Particular attention is paid to the circumstances of capture, how the group coped with sometimes severe privation, the impact of seeing how various groups of US military prisoners behaved, their ability to argue with and resist political instructors aiming to expose them to the joys of life in the people's democracies, and the subtle effects on some of them of long-term exposure to only communist literature.Less
This chapter looks at the experiences of the small number of British civilians captured in the initial North Korean advance in the summer of 1950 while in transit northward and in various North Korean camps along the Yalu. Particular attention is paid to the circumstances of capture, how the group coped with sometimes severe privation, the impact of seeing how various groups of US military prisoners behaved, their ability to argue with and resist political instructors aiming to expose them to the joys of life in the people's democracies, and the subtle effects on some of them of long-term exposure to only communist literature.
Rebecca Hill
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780823237241
- eISBN:
- 9780823240708
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823237241.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Feminist Philosophy
This chapter reads difference in Aristotle's metaphysics in relation to Irigaray's first essay on his work, “How to conceive (of) a girl?” from Speculum of the Other Woman. It argues that his ...
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This chapter reads difference in Aristotle's metaphysics in relation to Irigaray's first essay on his work, “How to conceive (of) a girl?” from Speculum of the Other Woman. It argues that his explicit and well-known subordination of difference to identity is predicated upon a phallocentric cover up. The concepts Aristotle privileges—form, substance, identity, physis—are isomorphically congruent with phallic masculinity, while the concepts he designates as their subordinates—matter, privation, and difference—are entwined with a misogynist figuration of femininity. Yet the privilege of form, identity, and physis is far less secure than he admits. They stand on the repression of an interval, which covertly serves to distinguish Aristotle's phallic conceptual architecture from what Irigaray calls the maternal-feminine.Less
This chapter reads difference in Aristotle's metaphysics in relation to Irigaray's first essay on his work, “How to conceive (of) a girl?” from Speculum of the Other Woman. It argues that his explicit and well-known subordination of difference to identity is predicated upon a phallocentric cover up. The concepts Aristotle privileges—form, substance, identity, physis—are isomorphically congruent with phallic masculinity, while the concepts he designates as their subordinates—matter, privation, and difference—are entwined with a misogynist figuration of femininity. Yet the privilege of form, identity, and physis is far less secure than he admits. They stand on the repression of an interval, which covertly serves to distinguish Aristotle's phallic conceptual architecture from what Irigaray calls the maternal-feminine.
Katerina Ierodiakonou, Paul Kalligas, and Vassilis Karasmanis (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- July 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198830993
- eISBN:
- 9780191868948
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198830993.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Ancient Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion
This volume of the ‘Symposium Aristotelicum’ constitutes a running commentary of the first book of Aristotle’s Physics, a central treatise of the Aristotelian corpus that aims at knowledge of the ...
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This volume of the ‘Symposium Aristotelicum’ constitutes a running commentary of the first book of Aristotle’s Physics, a central treatise of the Aristotelian corpus that aims at knowledge of the principles of physical change; it establishes that there are such principles and determines what they are and how many. After a general introduction, the ten chapters of the volume, written by distinguished scholars of ancient philosophy, comment on the entirety of the Aristotelian text and deal in detail with the philosophical issues raised in it. Aristotle is here in dialogue with the divergent doctrines of earlier philosophers, namely with the Eleatics’ monism, with Anaxagoras’ theory of mixture, and finally with the Platonist dyadism that posits the two principles of Form and the Great and Small. He employs the critical examination of his predecessors’ views in order to present and formulate his own theory of the principles of natural things, which are fundamental for the entire Aristotelian study of the natural world: form, privation and the substratum that underlies them. Moreover, Aristotle provides us with his own solution to the problem about coming to be and passing away, by distinguishing between coming to be in actuality and in potentiality. The exhaustive analysis of the Aristotelian doctrines as well as the critical discussion of the prevailing current views on their interpretation make this volume an obligatory reference work for Aristotle studies.Less
This volume of the ‘Symposium Aristotelicum’ constitutes a running commentary of the first book of Aristotle’s Physics, a central treatise of the Aristotelian corpus that aims at knowledge of the principles of physical change; it establishes that there are such principles and determines what they are and how many. After a general introduction, the ten chapters of the volume, written by distinguished scholars of ancient philosophy, comment on the entirety of the Aristotelian text and deal in detail with the philosophical issues raised in it. Aristotle is here in dialogue with the divergent doctrines of earlier philosophers, namely with the Eleatics’ monism, with Anaxagoras’ theory of mixture, and finally with the Platonist dyadism that posits the two principles of Form and the Great and Small. He employs the critical examination of his predecessors’ views in order to present and formulate his own theory of the principles of natural things, which are fundamental for the entire Aristotelian study of the natural world: form, privation and the substratum that underlies them. Moreover, Aristotle provides us with his own solution to the problem about coming to be and passing away, by distinguishing between coming to be in actuality and in potentiality. The exhaustive analysis of the Aristotelian doctrines as well as the critical discussion of the prevailing current views on their interpretation make this volume an obligatory reference work for Aristotle studies.
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804748889
- eISBN:
- 9780804779401
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804748889.003.0015
- Subject:
- Literature, World Literature
Shinkei composed a hokku to which Sōgi wrote a tsukeku, providing concrete evidence that Sōgi learned a lot from Shinkei during their mutual participation at sessions in Musashi during the Ōnin War. ...
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Shinkei composed a hokku to which Sōgi wrote a tsukeku, providing concrete evidence that Sōgi learned a lot from Shinkei during their mutual participation at sessions in Musashi during the Ōnin War. It is also a testament to the close and immediate relation between performance and critical evaluation in the renga milieu. Shinkei emphasizes the important role of critical evaluation in the dialogical poetics of renga and argues that appreciating another poet's brilliance is more difficult than composing a verse oneself. This chapter examines Shinkei's tsukeku as an example of his celebrated aesthetic of the “chill and meager” (hieyase), his valorization of sabi and hieyase, the philosophy of renunciation, reclusion as a time-honored tradition in Japanese culture, Shinkei's view about the moving character (aware) of art and his understanding of privation, as well as his notion of pure poetry and Japanese poetry. It also considers the so-called “vital tensility,” Shunzei's “deep mind” and Teika's ushin realm of meditation, and the post-ushin realm of absolute emptiness (hikkyō-kū).Less
Shinkei composed a hokku to which Sōgi wrote a tsukeku, providing concrete evidence that Sōgi learned a lot from Shinkei during their mutual participation at sessions in Musashi during the Ōnin War. It is also a testament to the close and immediate relation between performance and critical evaluation in the renga milieu. Shinkei emphasizes the important role of critical evaluation in the dialogical poetics of renga and argues that appreciating another poet's brilliance is more difficult than composing a verse oneself. This chapter examines Shinkei's tsukeku as an example of his celebrated aesthetic of the “chill and meager” (hieyase), his valorization of sabi and hieyase, the philosophy of renunciation, reclusion as a time-honored tradition in Japanese culture, Shinkei's view about the moving character (aware) of art and his understanding of privation, as well as his notion of pure poetry and Japanese poetry. It also considers the so-called “vital tensility,” Shunzei's “deep mind” and Teika's ushin realm of meditation, and the post-ushin realm of absolute emptiness (hikkyō-kū).
Edith Wyschogrod
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823226061
- eISBN:
- 9780823235148
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823226061.003.0009
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion
This chapter argues that the discursive formations within the episteme of asceticism are bound up with the self-imposition of corporeal and psychic pain or privation, but ...
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This chapter argues that the discursive formations within the episteme of asceticism are bound up with the self-imposition of corporeal and psychic pain or privation, but contends that not all pain and privation, even when self-generated, is ascetic. It claims that the cry of Oedipus, far from being akin to a scream uttered in response to physical injury, a biological reflex, is a distillate of a certain telos (“purpose”) and of a complex discursive formation, one that is different from asceticism. In what follows, four interrelated claims are considered. Within the structure of asceticism, gaps or fissures appear in its understanding of love, pleasure, and pain in the form of an eroticism that asserts and denies itself. This is especially evident in the correspondence of Héloïse d'Argenteuil and Peter Abélard. The view of the body that emerges presages a new, postmodern understanding of asceticism and its relation to ethics.Less
This chapter argues that the discursive formations within the episteme of asceticism are bound up with the self-imposition of corporeal and psychic pain or privation, but contends that not all pain and privation, even when self-generated, is ascetic. It claims that the cry of Oedipus, far from being akin to a scream uttered in response to physical injury, a biological reflex, is a distillate of a certain telos (“purpose”) and of a complex discursive formation, one that is different from asceticism. In what follows, four interrelated claims are considered. Within the structure of asceticism, gaps or fissures appear in its understanding of love, pleasure, and pain in the form of an eroticism that asserts and denies itself. This is especially evident in the correspondence of Héloïse d'Argenteuil and Peter Abélard. The view of the body that emerges presages a new, postmodern understanding of asceticism and its relation to ethics.
Mary Ann Smart
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520239951
- eISBN:
- 9780520939875
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520239951.003.0003
- Subject:
- Music, History, American
In Daniel Auber's 1828 opera, La Muette de Portici, the pantomimes of the heroine Fenella relied on a comfortable certainty that gesture could say the same things that language could. In contrast, ...
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In Daniel Auber's 1828 opera, La Muette de Portici, the pantomimes of the heroine Fenella relied on a comfortable certainty that gesture could say the same things that language could. In contrast, Italian opera of the 1820s and 1830s believed in the transparency of melody. For Fenella, sequences of repeating scales underline and reinforce the movement of her body, while Gioachino Antonio Rossini or Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti set words such as “gemito” (groan), “lagrime” (tears), or “pianto” (lament) to onomatopoeic melodic figures. The most interesting manifestation of onomatopoeia, as it connects to staging and embodiment, occurs in the operas of Vincenzo Bellini, whose operas are saturated with sigh figures: brief, highly conventional melodic patterns used to imitate the sounds of the body in pain or emotional distress. This chapter asks what happened to the operatic body between Bellini's two operas, Il pirata and I puritani: why the sighs and groans of Il pirata began to disappear, and what replaced them. It focuses on privation, on a metaphorical anorexia of the body that overtakes Bellini in I puritani.Less
In Daniel Auber's 1828 opera, La Muette de Portici, the pantomimes of the heroine Fenella relied on a comfortable certainty that gesture could say the same things that language could. In contrast, Italian opera of the 1820s and 1830s believed in the transparency of melody. For Fenella, sequences of repeating scales underline and reinforce the movement of her body, while Gioachino Antonio Rossini or Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti set words such as “gemito” (groan), “lagrime” (tears), or “pianto” (lament) to onomatopoeic melodic figures. The most interesting manifestation of onomatopoeia, as it connects to staging and embodiment, occurs in the operas of Vincenzo Bellini, whose operas are saturated with sigh figures: brief, highly conventional melodic patterns used to imitate the sounds of the body in pain or emotional distress. This chapter asks what happened to the operatic body between Bellini's two operas, Il pirata and I puritani: why the sighs and groans of Il pirata began to disappear, and what replaced them. It focuses on privation, on a metaphorical anorexia of the body that overtakes Bellini in I puritani.
Elliot R. Wolfson
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780823255702
- eISBN:
- 9780823260911
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823255702.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
This chapter examines the thesis that the salient feature of modern Jewish thought is the dialogical imagination, an act of theopoiesis centered on the figural iconization of the invisible deity in ...
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This chapter examines the thesis that the salient feature of modern Jewish thought is the dialogical imagination, an act of theopoiesis centered on the figural iconization of the invisible deity in anthropomorphic and anthropopathic terms. The emphasis on the dialogical, which proceeds from Hermann Cohen's logical principle of correlation, bears the risk that what should not be subject to imaginary representation invariably will be so represented, even in the guise of the nonrepresentable. Transcendence, which is a property of the uniqueness (Einzigkeit) as opposed to the unity (Einheit) of God, signifies the utter dissimilarity and incommensurability of the divine; inescapably, however, the transcendent becomes immanent to thinking insofar as there is no way to think the unthinkable that does not encroach on its unthinkability. The infinitude of transcendence is unknowable, not because there is some hidden essence that cannot be known, but because transcendence is expressive of the continuous manifestations of finitude by which the unlimited is delimited. The chasm between infinite and finite is narrowed to the extent that the transcendent is immanent, which is necessitated by the fact that God serves as an ethical ideal that imposes a mutual obligation on divine and human through the mediation of the world. Moreover, to generate the personification of transcendence, which is required by Cohen's own notion of divine forgiveness and goodness, the archetype, the originary-image whence all images originate, would have to be conceived itself imagistically. Like Cohen, Rosenzweig and Buber promote a dialogical thinking that is rooted in the principle of correlation that preserves the separate identities of God, human, and world. But they, too, acquiesce inevitably to the anthropocentric personification of transcendence.Less
This chapter examines the thesis that the salient feature of modern Jewish thought is the dialogical imagination, an act of theopoiesis centered on the figural iconization of the invisible deity in anthropomorphic and anthropopathic terms. The emphasis on the dialogical, which proceeds from Hermann Cohen's logical principle of correlation, bears the risk that what should not be subject to imaginary representation invariably will be so represented, even in the guise of the nonrepresentable. Transcendence, which is a property of the uniqueness (Einzigkeit) as opposed to the unity (Einheit) of God, signifies the utter dissimilarity and incommensurability of the divine; inescapably, however, the transcendent becomes immanent to thinking insofar as there is no way to think the unthinkable that does not encroach on its unthinkability. The infinitude of transcendence is unknowable, not because there is some hidden essence that cannot be known, but because transcendence is expressive of the continuous manifestations of finitude by which the unlimited is delimited. The chasm between infinite and finite is narrowed to the extent that the transcendent is immanent, which is necessitated by the fact that God serves as an ethical ideal that imposes a mutual obligation on divine and human through the mediation of the world. Moreover, to generate the personification of transcendence, which is required by Cohen's own notion of divine forgiveness and goodness, the archetype, the originary-image whence all images originate, would have to be conceived itself imagistically. Like Cohen, Rosenzweig and Buber promote a dialogical thinking that is rooted in the principle of correlation that preserves the separate identities of God, human, and world. But they, too, acquiesce inevitably to the anthropocentric personification of transcendence.
Nir Avieli
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780520290099
- eISBN:
- 9780520964419
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520290099.003.0005
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Middle Eastern Cultural Anthropology
This chapter addresses the unexpected consequences of the privatization of iconic kibbutz institutions. Based on ethnographic research conducted in the dining rooms of three kibbutzim in different ...
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This chapter addresses the unexpected consequences of the privatization of iconic kibbutz institutions. Based on ethnographic research conducted in the dining rooms of three kibbutzim in different stages of privatization, or “McDonaldization,” the chapter follows the contested meanings of the dining room experience. The food and eating patterns that prevail in these dining rooms are presented as expressions of hegemonic power structures, and their modifications reflect changing values within and beyond the kibbutz. The chapter's findings challenge the common understating of the “kibbutz crisis,” or the understating of failure in general as a consequence of the rise of individualism in contemporary Israel.Less
This chapter addresses the unexpected consequences of the privatization of iconic kibbutz institutions. Based on ethnographic research conducted in the dining rooms of three kibbutzim in different stages of privatization, or “McDonaldization,” the chapter follows the contested meanings of the dining room experience. The food and eating patterns that prevail in these dining rooms are presented as expressions of hegemonic power structures, and their modifications reflect changing values within and beyond the kibbutz. The chapter's findings challenge the common understating of the “kibbutz crisis,” or the understating of failure in general as a consequence of the rise of individualism in contemporary Israel.
Daniel D. Novotný
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780823244768
- eISBN:
- 9780823252695
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823244768.003.0005
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Ancient Philosophy
This chapter deals with Suárez’s views on the division of beings of reason and provides an overview and evaluation of Suárez’s entire theory. The chapter is divided into five parts. The first part ...
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This chapter deals with Suárez’s views on the division of beings of reason and provides an overview and evaluation of Suárez’s entire theory. The chapter is divided into five parts. The first part discusses Suárez’s views on whether the traditional division of beings of reason into negation, privation, and relation is exclusive; the second deals with the question whether this division is exhaustive; the third concerns his position on the commonalities and differences between negations and privations; the fourth adds a few words about relations of reason; and the final part summarizes Suárez’s theory of beings of reason in general and identifies some problems and objections this theory faces. The question of the division of beings of reason is taken up in sections 3 to 6 of Suárez’s Disputation 54.Less
This chapter deals with Suárez’s views on the division of beings of reason and provides an overview and evaluation of Suárez’s entire theory. The chapter is divided into five parts. The first part discusses Suárez’s views on whether the traditional division of beings of reason into negation, privation, and relation is exclusive; the second deals with the question whether this division is exhaustive; the third concerns his position on the commonalities and differences between negations and privations; the fourth adds a few words about relations of reason; and the final part summarizes Suárez’s theory of beings of reason in general and identifies some problems and objections this theory faces. The question of the division of beings of reason is taken up in sections 3 to 6 of Suárez’s Disputation 54.
Simon Palfrey
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780226150642
- eISBN:
- 9780226150789
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226150789.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature
This section looks at the Edgar-part as a re-living of the suffering and temptation of Job. In particular, the radical verticality of a single moment of privation, and how this moment can instantly ...
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This section looks at the Edgar-part as a re-living of the suffering and temptation of Job. In particular, the radical verticality of a single moment of privation, and how this moment can instantly extend as a life-sentence. Important here is the correlation between the seven days’ silence of Job, and Edgar’s disappearance, in-between going into exile and returning as Tom. Survival, not death, is the punishment, because it is survival as radical loss of loved ones and identity. Edgar and Job have to substitute for themselves; their bodies taken hostage, their voices the vehicle of ambivalent freedom. Both are reduced to radical incipience: destitution generates the rebellious, imaginative weaving of para-worlds. But how scripted are these experiences? Job’s by God? Tom’s by Edgar? Do they both use cruelty purposively, reduce a subject to abject object-hood for some higher purpose? The final part of the chapter uses Hegel’s Lordship and Bondage fable to help frame such questions.Less
This section looks at the Edgar-part as a re-living of the suffering and temptation of Job. In particular, the radical verticality of a single moment of privation, and how this moment can instantly extend as a life-sentence. Important here is the correlation between the seven days’ silence of Job, and Edgar’s disappearance, in-between going into exile and returning as Tom. Survival, not death, is the punishment, because it is survival as radical loss of loved ones and identity. Edgar and Job have to substitute for themselves; their bodies taken hostage, their voices the vehicle of ambivalent freedom. Both are reduced to radical incipience: destitution generates the rebellious, imaginative weaving of para-worlds. But how scripted are these experiences? Job’s by God? Tom’s by Edgar? Do they both use cruelty purposively, reduce a subject to abject object-hood for some higher purpose? The final part of the chapter uses Hegel’s Lordship and Bondage fable to help frame such questions.
Julia Kristeva
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780823265886
- eISBN:
- 9780823266951
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823265886.003.0005
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
This chapter develops a humanistic hermeneutics of the body that points toward the development of a new “Scotist” ethics based on the incommensurable singularity (haecceitas) of each person. ...
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This chapter develops a humanistic hermeneutics of the body that points toward the development of a new “Scotist” ethics based on the incommensurable singularity (haecceitas) of each person. Challenging traditional ontologies in which disability is viewed only in terms of privation, and the disabled primarily as objects of care, the author argues that because disability draws our attention to haecceitas in a unique way. Disability is the difference that most clearly and directly confronts us with mortality and the limitations of finitude, whether we are disabled or not.Less
This chapter develops a humanistic hermeneutics of the body that points toward the development of a new “Scotist” ethics based on the incommensurable singularity (haecceitas) of each person. Challenging traditional ontologies in which disability is viewed only in terms of privation, and the disabled primarily as objects of care, the author argues that because disability draws our attention to haecceitas in a unique way. Disability is the difference that most clearly and directly confronts us with mortality and the limitations of finitude, whether we are disabled or not.
Jonathan Dollimore
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198112259
- eISBN:
- 9780191670732
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198112259.003.0009
- Subject:
- Literature, Film, Media, and Cultural Studies
Saint Augustine has been seen to be one of the few great (male) geniuses who changed the direction of civilisation. This book does not share this view of Augustine or his place in history. From the ...
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Saint Augustine has been seen to be one of the few great (male) geniuses who changed the direction of civilisation. This book does not share this view of Augustine or his place in history. From the point of view of the book, Augustine was the product of a Christian narrative which he powerfully influenced and within which he has been scripted ever since; the synthesis, development, suppression, and innovation which characterised his own work has been continued with its subsequent transmission. Augustine regarded sin as intrinsic to human nature and always bound up with perversion, transgression, and death: the perversion of free will leads man to transgress, and it is transgression which brings death into the world. However, evil is not a force or entity in its own right, nor was it a part of nature; evil should be understood as privation, a lack of good.Less
Saint Augustine has been seen to be one of the few great (male) geniuses who changed the direction of civilisation. This book does not share this view of Augustine or his place in history. From the point of view of the book, Augustine was the product of a Christian narrative which he powerfully influenced and within which he has been scripted ever since; the synthesis, development, suppression, and innovation which characterised his own work has been continued with its subsequent transmission. Augustine regarded sin as intrinsic to human nature and always bound up with perversion, transgression, and death: the perversion of free will leads man to transgress, and it is transgression which brings death into the world. However, evil is not a force or entity in its own right, nor was it a part of nature; evil should be understood as privation, a lack of good.
Jonathan Dollimore
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198112259
- eISBN:
- 9780191670732
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198112259.003.0010
- Subject:
- Literature, Film, Media, and Cultural Studies
Othello explores anxious preoccupation with perversity as a disordered and disordering movement. Here ‘extravagant’ condenses deviation, perversion, and vagrancy. In one sense ...
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Othello explores anxious preoccupation with perversity as a disordered and disordering movement. Here ‘extravagant’ condenses deviation, perversion, and vagrancy. In one sense the metaphors of truth, linearity, and deviation point simply to duplicity; but also signified is a wilful disarticulation of traditional relations between authority, service, and identity. Gratiano's description of Brabantio's ‘desperate turn’, with its echoes of the Fall, shows that destructive deviation may characterize even the most stolid of patriarchs. The opposition of woman as passive/active correlates closely with that of women as madonna/whore. This kind of representation of deviant female desire echoes Augustinian privation to repudiate those who invest so heavily in Desdemona's ‘virtuous’ passivity. That she is actually attempting to live out the prescribed subject position for a woman within sexual difference only confirms that because the subordinate is so often the subject of displacement there is never safety in obedience.Less
Othello explores anxious preoccupation with perversity as a disordered and disordering movement. Here ‘extravagant’ condenses deviation, perversion, and vagrancy. In one sense the metaphors of truth, linearity, and deviation point simply to duplicity; but also signified is a wilful disarticulation of traditional relations between authority, service, and identity. Gratiano's description of Brabantio's ‘desperate turn’, with its echoes of the Fall, shows that destructive deviation may characterize even the most stolid of patriarchs. The opposition of woman as passive/active correlates closely with that of women as madonna/whore. This kind of representation of deviant female desire echoes Augustinian privation to repudiate those who invest so heavily in Desdemona's ‘virtuous’ passivity. That she is actually attempting to live out the prescribed subject position for a woman within sexual difference only confirms that because the subordinate is so often the subject of displacement there is never safety in obedience.
Sylvain Delcomminette
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- July 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198830993
- eISBN:
- 9780191868948
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198830993.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Ancient Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion
Contrary to readings that consider Physics I 5 as doxographical, this chapter argues that it is the first step of a constructive inquiry whose conclusions, paradoxical as they may seem, are never ...
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Contrary to readings that consider Physics I 5 as doxographical, this chapter argues that it is the first step of a constructive inquiry whose conclusions, paradoxical as they may seem, are never dismissed later. Its main thesis is that the contraries are principles of coming-to-be and passing-away, but it also endorses the stronger thesis that the principles are contraries. Although it appeals to doxographical considerations, its main section is an inductive argument which heralds the concept of privation, without mentioning it explicitly. This chapter studies the relationship between the opposition of contraries and that of possession and privation, as well as the way Aristotle reduces the intermediates to the contraries. Finally, it shows how the device of sustoikhia (‘series’) allows Aristotle to identify the opposition between possession and privation as the first pair of contraries and to organize the positions of his forerunners in respect of their proximity to the truth.Less
Contrary to readings that consider Physics I 5 as doxographical, this chapter argues that it is the first step of a constructive inquiry whose conclusions, paradoxical as they may seem, are never dismissed later. Its main thesis is that the contraries are principles of coming-to-be and passing-away, but it also endorses the stronger thesis that the principles are contraries. Although it appeals to doxographical considerations, its main section is an inductive argument which heralds the concept of privation, without mentioning it explicitly. This chapter studies the relationship between the opposition of contraries and that of possession and privation, as well as the way Aristotle reduces the intermediates to the contraries. Finally, it shows how the device of sustoikhia (‘series’) allows Aristotle to identify the opposition between possession and privation as the first pair of contraries and to organize the positions of his forerunners in respect of their proximity to the truth.
Benjamin Morison
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- July 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198830993
- eISBN:
- 9780191868948
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198830993.003.0008
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Ancient Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion
This chapter discusses Aristotle’s account of the role matter, form, and privation play in a change. It claims that Aristotle identifies a new item in the ontology, the hypokeimenon (subject) of a ...
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This chapter discusses Aristotle’s account of the role matter, form, and privation play in a change. It claims that Aristotle identifies a new item in the ontology, the hypokeimenon (subject) of a change, crucial for understanding the nature of change. This subject is a metaphysically complex item, the combination of some matter and a privation. Aristotle’s first, and best, example of such a metaphysically complex item is a seed, whose nature, fully specified, would be matter and privation. Such items are the ones in the world which are apt for engaging in change. Their complexity makes change intelligible, since they have a component that persists (matter) and a component that doesn’t (the privation). The interpretation offered differs from the more usual one by identifying the hypokeimenon with a complex item (e.g. a seed) rather than matter alone. This chapter explores the benefits and costs of the two interpretations.Less
This chapter discusses Aristotle’s account of the role matter, form, and privation play in a change. It claims that Aristotle identifies a new item in the ontology, the hypokeimenon (subject) of a change, crucial for understanding the nature of change. This subject is a metaphysically complex item, the combination of some matter and a privation. Aristotle’s first, and best, example of such a metaphysically complex item is a seed, whose nature, fully specified, would be matter and privation. Such items are the ones in the world which are apt for engaging in change. Their complexity makes change intelligible, since they have a component that persists (matter) and a component that doesn’t (the privation). The interpretation offered differs from the more usual one by identifying the hypokeimenon with a complex item (e.g. a seed) rather than matter alone. This chapter explores the benefits and costs of the two interpretations.
