J. Rixey Ruffin
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195326512
- eISBN:
- 9780199870417
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326512.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
William Bentley began his tenure as assistant pastor of the East Church in Salem, Massachusetts, in 1783, and immediately came into conflict with the much older senior pastor. But within two years, ...
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William Bentley began his tenure as assistant pastor of the East Church in Salem, Massachusetts, in 1783, and immediately came into conflict with the much older senior pastor. But within two years, the senior pastor was gone, driven out by the church he had served for half a century. That minister, James Diman, was a Calvinist, but Bentley believed in a theology of salvation called Arminianism—in the benevolence of God and the possibility of salvation through moral behavior. The church's members picked Bentley's Arminianism over Diman's Calvinism. How and why they did so sheds light on the power of the sacraments (Communion and baptism) in New England Christianity, on the unique relationships in Congregationalism between members, parishioners, and pew proprietors, and on the liberating potential of the American Revolution, particularly in the economic power gained from privateering.Less
William Bentley began his tenure as assistant pastor of the East Church in Salem, Massachusetts, in 1783, and immediately came into conflict with the much older senior pastor. But within two years, the senior pastor was gone, driven out by the church he had served for half a century. That minister, James Diman, was a Calvinist, but Bentley believed in a theology of salvation called Arminianism—in the benevolence of God and the possibility of salvation through moral behavior. The church's members picked Bentley's Arminianism over Diman's Calvinism. How and why they did so sheds light on the power of the sacraments (Communion and baptism) in New England Christianity, on the unique relationships in Congregationalism between members, parishioners, and pew proprietors, and on the liberating potential of the American Revolution, particularly in the economic power gained from privateering.
Steven Gunn, David Grummitt, and Hans Cools
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199207503
- eISBN:
- 9780191708848
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199207503.003.010
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
This chapter examines the resources deployed by the nobility in their participation in warfare. In England, their recruitment of troops became less important over time as retinues raised from their ...
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This chapter examines the resources deployed by the nobility in their participation in warfare. In England, their recruitment of troops became less important over time as retinues raised from their estate tenants and household servants were superseded by drafts from the county militias. In the Netherlands, great nobles led bandes d'ordonnance, permanently waged by the prince but staffed by the captain's clients and other contingents animated by their local influence. Generals there also cultivated entrepreneurs able to raise mercenaries beyond the borders of the Netherlands. Noblemen's private arsenals were better stocked with artillery in the Netherlands than in England, and their private fortifications better maintained and modernized. The English, however, were more likely to own ships that could be turned to war or privateering.Less
This chapter examines the resources deployed by the nobility in their participation in warfare. In England, their recruitment of troops became less important over time as retinues raised from their estate tenants and household servants were superseded by drafts from the county militias. In the Netherlands, great nobles led bandes d'ordonnance, permanently waged by the prince but staffed by the captain's clients and other contingents animated by their local influence. Generals there also cultivated entrepreneurs able to raise mercenaries beyond the borders of the Netherlands. Noblemen's private arsenals were better stocked with artillery in the Netherlands than in England, and their private fortifications better maintained and modernized. The English, however, were more likely to own ships that could be turned to war or privateering.
David M. Williams and Andrew P. White
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780969588504
- eISBN:
- 9781786944931
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780969588504.003.0015
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
A bibliography of post-graduate theses concerning Piracy and Privateering throughout Maritime History
A bibliography of post-graduate theses concerning Piracy and Privateering throughout Maritime History
Peter Earle
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781781381731
- eISBN:
- 9781781382301
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781781381731.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
When William Earle settled in Liverpool after retiring from the sea, his main (but not only) occupation was trading in slaves. This activity has been analysed with the aid of two data-sets, one ...
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When William Earle settled in Liverpool after retiring from the sea, his main (but not only) occupation was trading in slaves. This activity has been analysed with the aid of two data-sets, one providing detailed information on Liverpool shipping, 1744-86, and the other focussed on the slave trade. Just what such a business involved can be found in William’s one surviving letter-book (1760-61) which shows in detail his relations with his suppliers, captains, potential purchasers in America and the West Indies, co-partners, and the financier in London who discounted his bills. These were difficult years and the letters illustrate the problems of trading in wartime, such as capture by the French and very high insurance rates. William’s reaction to this was to finance privateers himself, a subject also included in this chapter.Less
When William Earle settled in Liverpool after retiring from the sea, his main (but not only) occupation was trading in slaves. This activity has been analysed with the aid of two data-sets, one providing detailed information on Liverpool shipping, 1744-86, and the other focussed on the slave trade. Just what such a business involved can be found in William’s one surviving letter-book (1760-61) which shows in detail his relations with his suppliers, captains, potential purchasers in America and the West Indies, co-partners, and the financier in London who discounted his bills. These were difficult years and the letters illustrate the problems of trading in wartime, such as capture by the French and very high insurance rates. William’s reaction to this was to finance privateers himself, a subject also included in this chapter.
Silvia Marzagalli, James R. Sofka, and John McCusker (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780986497346
- eISBN:
- 9781786944504
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780986497346.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This study analyses the presence of American ships, merchants, and interests in the Mediterranean region in the first decades following the independence of the United States, and seeks to understand ...
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This study analyses the presence of American ships, merchants, and interests in the Mediterranean region in the first decades following the independence of the United States, and seeks to understand whether or not the English, Dutch, Scandinavians, and Americans invaded the region and its shipping industry in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It considers the following topics: the benefit of American neutrality during the French Revolutionary wars which enabled the growth of their shipping activities; the organisation of protection for American ships post-independence, particularly from Barbary privateers; the diplomatic efforts of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson and the relationships of convenience fostered by American powers when requesting European assistance; the development of American consular services to assist merchants and captains; the avoidance of incidents through peace and commercial treaties through to ship seizures and crew enslavement; and the impact of the Tripolitanian War (or Barbary War) on American-Mediterranean shipping. The works in this volume attempt to determine whether or not these actions can be considered an ‘invasion’. They explore the mutually beneficial aspects of American-Mediterranean trade whilst also considering the strength of the Mediterranean trade (particularly Greek) prior to American interference. It concludes by confirming the dual objectives of the American presence - to ensure open markets for their goods, and to enhance their political and military power against British, French, and North African regencies.Less
This study analyses the presence of American ships, merchants, and interests in the Mediterranean region in the first decades following the independence of the United States, and seeks to understand whether or not the English, Dutch, Scandinavians, and Americans invaded the region and its shipping industry in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It considers the following topics: the benefit of American neutrality during the French Revolutionary wars which enabled the growth of their shipping activities; the organisation of protection for American ships post-independence, particularly from Barbary privateers; the diplomatic efforts of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson and the relationships of convenience fostered by American powers when requesting European assistance; the development of American consular services to assist merchants and captains; the avoidance of incidents through peace and commercial treaties through to ship seizures and crew enslavement; and the impact of the Tripolitanian War (or Barbary War) on American-Mediterranean shipping. The works in this volume attempt to determine whether or not these actions can be considered an ‘invasion’. They explore the mutually beneficial aspects of American-Mediterranean trade whilst also considering the strength of the Mediterranean trade (particularly Greek) prior to American interference. It concludes by confirming the dual objectives of the American presence - to ensure open markets for their goods, and to enhance their political and military power against British, French, and North African regencies.
Jaap R. Bruijn
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780986497353
- eISBN:
- 9781786944498
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780986497353.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This book is a reprint of Jaap R. Bruijn’s 1993 book, The Dutch Navy, which offers an English-language overview of the history of the Dutch Navy in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It is ...
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This book is a reprint of Jaap R. Bruijn’s 1993 book, The Dutch Navy, which offers an English-language overview of the history of the Dutch Navy in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It is divided into three chronological periods: the ‘old’, ‘new’, and ‘second-rate’ navy. Rather than presenting a history of naval conflict, this volume approaches Dutch naval history from the following four angles: operations, administration, officer duties, and sailor duties. It consists of a series foreword, a new introduction detailing recent developments in naval historiography, the original introduction providing a history of Dutch maritime history from the middle ages to the beginning of the seventeenth century, a conclusion, and a bibliography and index. It explores the astounding amount of naval power belonging to such a sparsely populated nation, plus the rapid rates of success and decline. It confirms that the Dutch navy - with its logic, innovation, and missteps alike - provides an excellent case study of both the development of European bureaucracy and armed forces in the Early Modern period.Less
This book is a reprint of Jaap R. Bruijn’s 1993 book, The Dutch Navy, which offers an English-language overview of the history of the Dutch Navy in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It is divided into three chronological periods: the ‘old’, ‘new’, and ‘second-rate’ navy. Rather than presenting a history of naval conflict, this volume approaches Dutch naval history from the following four angles: operations, administration, officer duties, and sailor duties. It consists of a series foreword, a new introduction detailing recent developments in naval historiography, the original introduction providing a history of Dutch maritime history from the middle ages to the beginning of the seventeenth century, a conclusion, and a bibliography and index. It explores the astounding amount of naval power belonging to such a sparsely populated nation, plus the rapid rates of success and decline. It confirms that the Dutch navy - with its logic, innovation, and missteps alike - provides an excellent case study of both the development of European bureaucracy and armed forces in the Early Modern period.
David Brown
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781526131997
- eISBN:
- 9781526152107
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7765/9781526132000.00011
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
Chapter 4 charts the development of English state finance and policy towards Ireland during the first English Civil War. Following the outbreak of formal hostilities in England, the Adventurers ...
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Chapter 4 charts the development of English state finance and policy towards Ireland during the first English Civil War. Following the outbreak of formal hostilities in England, the Adventurers seized control over parliament’s financial and military committees, using a network centred on Grocers’ Hall. The role of Grocers’ Hall is highlighted by demonstrating the process by which the functions of parliament’s Committee for Irish Affairs were transferred to it, leaving the Adventurers in command of parliament’s policy for Ireland. The Adventurers sent a naval task force to attack royalist targets in Ireland before the outbreak of war in England and worked to undermine Charles’ attempts to broker a ceasefire with the Irish rebels.Less
Chapter 4 charts the development of English state finance and policy towards Ireland during the first English Civil War. Following the outbreak of formal hostilities in England, the Adventurers seized control over parliament’s financial and military committees, using a network centred on Grocers’ Hall. The role of Grocers’ Hall is highlighted by demonstrating the process by which the functions of parliament’s Committee for Irish Affairs were transferred to it, leaving the Adventurers in command of parliament’s policy for Ireland. The Adventurers sent a naval task force to attack royalist targets in Ireland before the outbreak of war in England and worked to undermine Charles’ attempts to broker a ceasefire with the Irish rebels.
Jeremy Baskes
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780804785426
- eISBN:
- 9780804786355
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804785426.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
Early modern, long-distance trade was fraught with risk and uncertainty, driving merchants to seek means to reduce them. In the traditional historiography on Spanish colonial trade, the role of risk ...
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Early modern, long-distance trade was fraught with risk and uncertainty, driving merchants to seek means to reduce them. In the traditional historiography on Spanish colonial trade, the role of risk is largely ignored. Instead, the guild (consulado) merchants are depicted as anti-competitive monopolists who manipulated markets and exploited colonial consumers. This book argues that much of the commercial behavior interpreted by modern historians as predatory was instead designed to reduce the uncertainty and risk of Atlantic world trade. It examines the development and use of maritime insurance in eighteenth-century Spain; the commercial strategies of Spanish merchants; the traditionally misunderstood effects of the 1778 promulgation of “comercio libre,” especially the financial chaos and bankruptcies that ensued; and other important topics. By elevating risk to the center of focus, this study makes a number of revisionist contributions to the late colonial economic history of the Spanish empire.Less
Early modern, long-distance trade was fraught with risk and uncertainty, driving merchants to seek means to reduce them. In the traditional historiography on Spanish colonial trade, the role of risk is largely ignored. Instead, the guild (consulado) merchants are depicted as anti-competitive monopolists who manipulated markets and exploited colonial consumers. This book argues that much of the commercial behavior interpreted by modern historians as predatory was instead designed to reduce the uncertainty and risk of Atlantic world trade. It examines the development and use of maritime insurance in eighteenth-century Spain; the commercial strategies of Spanish merchants; the traditionally misunderstood effects of the 1778 promulgation of “comercio libre,” especially the financial chaos and bankruptcies that ensued; and other important topics. By elevating risk to the center of focus, this study makes a number of revisionist contributions to the late colonial economic history of the Spanish empire.
Gregory E. O’Malley
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9781469615349
- eISBN:
- 9781469615554
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469615349.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter examines how piracy and privateering contributed to the slave trade in English, Dutch, and French America between 1619 and 1720. It shows that even before England possessed colonies from ...
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This chapter examines how piracy and privateering contributed to the slave trade in English, Dutch, and French America between 1619 and 1720. It shows that even before England possessed colonies from which to exploit slaves, pirates and privateers were already seizing Africans from the Spanish and Portuguese. The captives were enslaved in Africa for sale to Atlantic traders and then seized in American waters by pirates for delivery to a range of colonies. As a result, many Africans arriving in the Americas found themselves the subject of illicit trade. The chapter discusses the implications of these black- and gray-market trades—piracy, privateering, interloping—for the development of slavery and the slave trade in British America.Less
This chapter examines how piracy and privateering contributed to the slave trade in English, Dutch, and French America between 1619 and 1720. It shows that even before England possessed colonies from which to exploit slaves, pirates and privateers were already seizing Africans from the Spanish and Portuguese. The captives were enslaved in Africa for sale to Atlantic traders and then seized in American waters by pirates for delivery to a range of colonies. As a result, many Africans arriving in the Americas found themselves the subject of illicit trade. The chapter discusses the implications of these black- and gray-market trades—piracy, privateering, interloping—for the development of slavery and the slave trade in British America.
Mark G. Hanna
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469617947
- eISBN:
- 9781469617961
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469617947.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter examines the cultural turn against heroic sea marauding during the period 1704–1713, with particular emphasis on the execution of Captain John Quelch and its significance for the ...
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This chapter examines the cultural turn against heroic sea marauding during the period 1704–1713, with particular emphasis on the execution of Captain John Quelch and its significance for the regulation of privateering. On June 30, 1704, Quelch and six of his men were executed in Boston for alleged acts of piracy. After the Reverend Cotton Mather's exhortation, the prisoners were given one last opportunity to address the audience. Quelch issued a cryptic but damning warning that challenged not only the authorities who had found him and his fellow prisoners guilty but also the entire community. This chapter considers New England Governor Joseph Dudley's initiative aimed at fighting French privateers who were threatening New England shipping, along with the local community's anger over Quelch's trial and subsequent execution. It also discusses the influx of slaves relative to white immigration in New England in relation to the closing of colonial ports to pirates in the first quarter of the eighteenth century. Finally, it explores the factors that led to decreased support for piracy.Less
This chapter examines the cultural turn against heroic sea marauding during the period 1704–1713, with particular emphasis on the execution of Captain John Quelch and its significance for the regulation of privateering. On June 30, 1704, Quelch and six of his men were executed in Boston for alleged acts of piracy. After the Reverend Cotton Mather's exhortation, the prisoners were given one last opportunity to address the audience. Quelch issued a cryptic but damning warning that challenged not only the authorities who had found him and his fellow prisoners guilty but also the entire community. This chapter considers New England Governor Joseph Dudley's initiative aimed at fighting French privateers who were threatening New England shipping, along with the local community's anger over Quelch's trial and subsequent execution. It also discusses the influx of slaves relative to white immigration in New England in relation to the closing of colonial ports to pirates in the first quarter of the eighteenth century. Finally, it explores the factors that led to decreased support for piracy.
D.H. Robinson
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198862925
- eISBN:
- 9780191895432
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198862925.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century, History of Ideas
This chapter shows how continentalism and colonial British nationalism created a distinctive language of political legitimation in the colonies during the mid-eighteenth century. This standard of ...
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This chapter shows how continentalism and colonial British nationalism created a distinctive language of political legitimation in the colonies during the mid-eighteenth century. This standard of behaviour was imposed on a wide range of wartime activities, from the voluntary and commercial practices of militia associations and privateers to fast and thanksgiving days. But it also assumed a critical role as a barometer against which to judge the conduct of colonial legislatures, and it was in this capacity that it underwrote a dramatic revolution in colonial politics during the crisis point of the Seven Years War. The same barometer was also applied to British statesmen and military men like William Pitt, the Earl of Bute, and Admiral John Byng. At the end of the conflict, the beginnings of the patriot movement would use its rhetoric to debate the virtues of the Treaty of Paris.Less
This chapter shows how continentalism and colonial British nationalism created a distinctive language of political legitimation in the colonies during the mid-eighteenth century. This standard of behaviour was imposed on a wide range of wartime activities, from the voluntary and commercial practices of militia associations and privateers to fast and thanksgiving days. But it also assumed a critical role as a barometer against which to judge the conduct of colonial legislatures, and it was in this capacity that it underwrote a dramatic revolution in colonial politics during the crisis point of the Seven Years War. The same barometer was also applied to British statesmen and military men like William Pitt, the Earl of Bute, and Admiral John Byng. At the end of the conflict, the beginnings of the patriot movement would use its rhetoric to debate the virtues of the Treaty of Paris.
Jeremy Baskes
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780804785426
- eISBN:
- 9780804786355
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804785426.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
Chapter 6 explores the effects of war on Spanish transatlantic commerce, focusing especially on the American Revolutionary War and the wars of the French Revolution and Napoleon. War had profound ...
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Chapter 6 explores the effects of war on Spanish transatlantic commerce, focusing especially on the American Revolutionary War and the wars of the French Revolution and Napoleon. War had profound impact on long-distance trade, leading merchants to alter their business strategies to deal with expanding risk and uncertainty. Hostilities disrupted commodity and information flows, expanded privateering, and raised the costs of shipping, all of which introduced greater riskiness into commerce. At the same time, war-induced shortages expanded the potential profitability of trade for those who were willing to endure the risk. This chapter also examines the government-sanctioned corsairs that attacked enemy vessels during wartime, looking especially at the economics behind privateering as well as merchants' efforts to evade such predations.Less
Chapter 6 explores the effects of war on Spanish transatlantic commerce, focusing especially on the American Revolutionary War and the wars of the French Revolution and Napoleon. War had profound impact on long-distance trade, leading merchants to alter their business strategies to deal with expanding risk and uncertainty. Hostilities disrupted commodity and information flows, expanded privateering, and raised the costs of shipping, all of which introduced greater riskiness into commerce. At the same time, war-induced shortages expanded the potential profitability of trade for those who were willing to endure the risk. This chapter also examines the government-sanctioned corsairs that attacked enemy vessels during wartime, looking especially at the economics behind privateering as well as merchants' efforts to evade such predations.
Joshua M. White
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781503602526
- eISBN:
- 9781503603929
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9781503602526.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
The conclusion recapitulates the book’s key arguments, fast-forwarding to the mid-eighteenth century to test the assertion that the Ottoman Mediterranean was a legal space, defined in large part by ...
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The conclusion recapitulates the book’s key arguments, fast-forwarding to the mid-eighteenth century to test the assertion that the Ottoman Mediterranean was a legal space, defined in large part by the challenge of piracy. Recounting an incident from the 1740s, in which Cretan seamen traveled to Tripoli to acquire licenses to attack Venice—with which Tripoli then considered itself at war—it reflects on the path by which Tripoli and the rest of North Africa came to be excluded from the Ottoman Mediterranean legal space, such that neither administrators in Istanbul nor sailors in Candia considered Tripoli truly “Ottoman.” It then reconsiders the connections between legal corsairing/privateering and illegal piracy, and the complex roles religion and subjecthood played in fixing the line between them.Less
The conclusion recapitulates the book’s key arguments, fast-forwarding to the mid-eighteenth century to test the assertion that the Ottoman Mediterranean was a legal space, defined in large part by the challenge of piracy. Recounting an incident from the 1740s, in which Cretan seamen traveled to Tripoli to acquire licenses to attack Venice—with which Tripoli then considered itself at war—it reflects on the path by which Tripoli and the rest of North Africa came to be excluded from the Ottoman Mediterranean legal space, such that neither administrators in Istanbul nor sailors in Candia considered Tripoli truly “Ottoman.” It then reconsiders the connections between legal corsairing/privateering and illegal piracy, and the complex roles religion and subjecthood played in fixing the line between them.
Luis Martínez-Fernández
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781683400325
- eISBN:
- 9781683400981
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9781683400325.003.0008
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This chapter focuses on the interconnectivity of war and peace in Europe with a variety of forms of European incursion in the Caribbean during the 1500s and 1600s. It traces the emergence and ...
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This chapter focuses on the interconnectivity of war and peace in Europe with a variety of forms of European incursion in the Caribbean during the 1500s and 1600s. It traces the emergence and evolution of piracy and privateering as well as European colonial expansion by settlers and buccaneers. It provides a systematic analysis of how belligerence in the Old World (such as the prolonged Wars of Religion) impacted Cuba and the rest of the region. It also explores Spain’s efforts to protect its colonies through fortifications, fleet systems of navigation, and increased military presence.Less
This chapter focuses on the interconnectivity of war and peace in Europe with a variety of forms of European incursion in the Caribbean during the 1500s and 1600s. It traces the emergence and evolution of piracy and privateering as well as European colonial expansion by settlers and buccaneers. It provides a systematic analysis of how belligerence in the Old World (such as the prolonged Wars of Religion) impacted Cuba and the rest of the region. It also explores Spain’s efforts to protect its colonies through fortifications, fleet systems of navigation, and increased military presence.
Kevin P. McDonald
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780520282902
- eISBN:
- 9780520958784
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520282902.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
The focus on the role of pirates in this trade network provides an important counterbalance to both scholarly and popular portrayals of pirates. The first chapter examines pirates and piracy in the ...
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The focus on the role of pirates in this trade network provides an important counterbalance to both scholarly and popular portrayals of pirates. The first chapter examines pirates and piracy in the longue durée, arguing that piracy is best understood along a fluid spectrum rather than as a static category. Individuals legally defined as a pirate might commit a single act of piracy or spend their entire lives pillaging on the high seas, with others falling somewhere in between. Piracy was merely one of many alternate maritime vocations undertaken by similarly situated groups in patterns that depended on local, regional, and global circumstances. The chapter also develops an analytical framework termed “the piracy/slave trade nexus.” This first chapter concludes with a case study of a pirate-slave ship, the Margaret, to demonstrate the significance of the pirate/slave trade nexus for the colonial New York economy. Examining the passengers, crew, cargo, correspondence, and other relevant documents of the Margaret unveils a fascinating social and cultural world of the Indo-Atlantic pirate trade network. This case study provides detailed evidence that pirates were not rogues and outcasts; they maintained familial and economic connections within the established and traditional colonial hierarchies.Less
The focus on the role of pirates in this trade network provides an important counterbalance to both scholarly and popular portrayals of pirates. The first chapter examines pirates and piracy in the longue durée, arguing that piracy is best understood along a fluid spectrum rather than as a static category. Individuals legally defined as a pirate might commit a single act of piracy or spend their entire lives pillaging on the high seas, with others falling somewhere in between. Piracy was merely one of many alternate maritime vocations undertaken by similarly situated groups in patterns that depended on local, regional, and global circumstances. The chapter also develops an analytical framework termed “the piracy/slave trade nexus.” This first chapter concludes with a case study of a pirate-slave ship, the Margaret, to demonstrate the significance of the pirate/slave trade nexus for the colonial New York economy. Examining the passengers, crew, cargo, correspondence, and other relevant documents of the Margaret unveils a fascinating social and cultural world of the Indo-Atlantic pirate trade network. This case study provides detailed evidence that pirates were not rogues and outcasts; they maintained familial and economic connections within the established and traditional colonial hierarchies.
Leonardo Marques
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780300212419
- eISBN:
- 9780300224733
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300212419.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
Chapter 3 discusses the impact of the slave trade act of 1807 and the multiple forms of U.S. participation in the slave trade during the 1810s. It shows how some forms became predominant over that ...
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Chapter 3 discusses the impact of the slave trade act of 1807 and the multiple forms of U.S. participation in the slave trade during the 1810s. It shows how some forms became predominant over that period while others nearly disappeared. It also explores some of the broader political implications of the persistence of the slave trade after 1808 and the Missouri Crisis.Less
Chapter 3 discusses the impact of the slave trade act of 1807 and the multiple forms of U.S. participation in the slave trade during the 1810s. It shows how some forms became predominant over that period while others nearly disappeared. It also explores some of the broader political implications of the persistence of the slave trade after 1808 and the Missouri Crisis.
Ralph Davis
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780986497384
- eISBN:
- 9781786944467
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780986497384.003.0015
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This chapter considers the financial impact of war on British shipping during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It attempts to discern the number of merchant ship losses during the ...
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This chapter considers the financial impact of war on British shipping during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It attempts to discern the number of merchant ship losses during the Anglo-Spanish War, Anglo-French War, Seven Years’ War, and the Dutch Wars by scrutinising Admiralty records of loss estimates. It examines privateering activity; wartime insurance rates; the rise in seafaring wages; naval impressment; the disruption to trade cycles; the hiring of ships by the government; and a contrast of tonnage rates between periods of peace and war to determine the financial cost of war to the shipping industry. It concludes that though war made many demands of the merchant shipping industry, merchants and shipowners knew that successful campaigns would lead to the expansion of a British shipping monopoly, and so deemed war financially worthwhile in the long run.Less
This chapter considers the financial impact of war on British shipping during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It attempts to discern the number of merchant ship losses during the Anglo-Spanish War, Anglo-French War, Seven Years’ War, and the Dutch Wars by scrutinising Admiralty records of loss estimates. It examines privateering activity; wartime insurance rates; the rise in seafaring wages; naval impressment; the disruption to trade cycles; the hiring of ships by the government; and a contrast of tonnage rates between periods of peace and war to determine the financial cost of war to the shipping industry. It concludes that though war made many demands of the merchant shipping industry, merchants and shipowners knew that successful campaigns would lead to the expansion of a British shipping monopoly, and so deemed war financially worthwhile in the long run.
Jan Parmentier
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780973893489
- eISBN:
- 9781786944566
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780973893489.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This chapter explores the development of trade opportunities in the port of Ostend during the Eighteenth century, particularly the circular manner in which trade helped the port develop, which in ...
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This chapter explores the development of trade opportunities in the port of Ostend during the Eighteenth century, particularly the circular manner in which trade helped the port develop, which in turn brought in more people and further trade opportunities. It introduces Ostend as a relatively quiet port which began to develop once the Bruges-Ostend Canal opened in 1623 and facilitated the coast to inland trade. It analyses the privateering business in Ostend; the presence of Irish merchants and privateers on the Flemish coast; the impact of the Austrian Empire’s dominance of Ostend; the impact of war; and the mercantile careers of firm-owners Thomas Ray, Andreas Jacobus Flandrin, George Gregorie and Franꞔois Benquet. The conclusion states that the tumultuous political and economic factors ensconcing the port of Ostend offered significant trade opportunities, provided the merchants were versatile, specialist, and able to integrate into the community.Less
This chapter explores the development of trade opportunities in the port of Ostend during the Eighteenth century, particularly the circular manner in which trade helped the port develop, which in turn brought in more people and further trade opportunities. It introduces Ostend as a relatively quiet port which began to develop once the Bruges-Ostend Canal opened in 1623 and facilitated the coast to inland trade. It analyses the privateering business in Ostend; the presence of Irish merchants and privateers on the Flemish coast; the impact of the Austrian Empire’s dominance of Ostend; the impact of war; and the mercantile careers of firm-owners Thomas Ray, Andreas Jacobus Flandrin, George Gregorie and Franꞔois Benquet. The conclusion states that the tumultuous political and economic factors ensconcing the port of Ostend offered significant trade opportunities, provided the merchants were versatile, specialist, and able to integrate into the community.
D. L. Noorlander
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780801453632
- eISBN:
- 9781501740336
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801453632.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
This chapter is about religious rituals and worship aboard WIC ships, religious rituals in war, and the company’s privateering activities against the Spanish and Portuguese. Clergy played a crucial ...
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This chapter is about religious rituals and worship aboard WIC ships, religious rituals in war, and the company’s privateering activities against the Spanish and Portuguese. Clergy played a crucial role not just in leading services, but in providing a way for people to think about and understand what was going on. Clergy utilized an older, international discourse about righteous war and resisting tyranny. Like Calvinists everywhere, they also leaned heavily on Old Testament themes, portraying the Dutch as God’s covenant people, a seventeenth-century Israel. Both in their public preaching and private counsel, clergy tried to bestow a sense of piety on the WIC’s bloody conquests.Less
This chapter is about religious rituals and worship aboard WIC ships, religious rituals in war, and the company’s privateering activities against the Spanish and Portuguese. Clergy played a crucial role not just in leading services, but in providing a way for people to think about and understand what was going on. Clergy utilized an older, international discourse about righteous war and resisting tyranny. Like Calvinists everywhere, they also leaned heavily on Old Testament themes, portraying the Dutch as God’s covenant people, a seventeenth-century Israel. Both in their public preaching and private counsel, clergy tried to bestow a sense of piety on the WIC’s bloody conquests.
Faye Margaret Kert
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780968128817
- eISBN:
- 9781786944832
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780968128817.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This chapter examines the role and financial appeal of prizemaking and privateering during the War of 1812. It details the legal prerequisites for privateering during the war, such as Letters of ...
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This chapter examines the role and financial appeal of prizemaking and privateering during the War of 1812. It details the legal prerequisites for privateering during the war, such as Letters of Marque; Affidavits of Sureties, and Articles of Agreement. The chapter primarily focuses on a case study of the Liverpool Packet, the famous privateering society of the port of Liverpool, Nova Scotia. It also considers the perils of privateering - prisoners of war and cartels. It concludes by asserting that privateering during the war was a precarious, yet relatively profitable role, and an expression of disenchantment with the War of 1812.Less
This chapter examines the role and financial appeal of prizemaking and privateering during the War of 1812. It details the legal prerequisites for privateering during the war, such as Letters of Marque; Affidavits of Sureties, and Articles of Agreement. The chapter primarily focuses on a case study of the Liverpool Packet, the famous privateering society of the port of Liverpool, Nova Scotia. It also considers the perils of privateering - prisoners of war and cartels. It concludes by asserting that privateering during the war was a precarious, yet relatively profitable role, and an expression of disenchantment with the War of 1812.
