Joshua A. Berman
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195374704
- eISBN:
- 9780199871438
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195374704.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism, Biblical Studies
This book reveals the Hebrew Bible to be a sophisticated work of political philosophy, and the birthplace of egalitarian thought. Focusing on the Pentateuch, this book lays bare the manner in which ...
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This book reveals the Hebrew Bible to be a sophisticated work of political philosophy, and the birthplace of egalitarian thought. Focusing on the Pentateuch, this book lays bare the manner in which the Bible appropriated and reconstituted ancient norms and institutions to create a new blueprint for society. Theology, politics, and economics were marshaled anew to weaken traditional seats of power, and to create a homogeneous class of empowered common citizens. Much of this anticipates developments in the history of political thought that would recur only during the Enlightenment and in the thought of the American Founding Fathers. Ancient religion granted sacral legitimation to the ruling classes and saw the masses as mere servants. The Pentateuch, by contrast, elevates the common citizenry in the eyes of God by invoking the political institution of the vassal treaty, and casting Israel as a subordinate king to the Almighty through the theology of covenant. Through the prism of the political philosophies of Plato, Aristotle, and Montesquieu, the book demonstrates the Pentateuch to be history's first proposal for the distribution of political power. Utilizing the anthropology of pre‐modern economies, ancient norms are explored concerning land tenure, taxation, and loans are reworked so that the common citizenry remains economically secure. Invoking the transformational role of the printing press in the spread of the Reformation and the birth of the Enlightenment, the book identifies far‐reaching consequences in the Bible's approach to what was then the new technology of communication: the alphabetic text.Less
This book reveals the Hebrew Bible to be a sophisticated work of political philosophy, and the birthplace of egalitarian thought. Focusing on the Pentateuch, this book lays bare the manner in which the Bible appropriated and reconstituted ancient norms and institutions to create a new blueprint for society. Theology, politics, and economics were marshaled anew to weaken traditional seats of power, and to create a homogeneous class of empowered common citizens. Much of this anticipates developments in the history of political thought that would recur only during the Enlightenment and in the thought of the American Founding Fathers. Ancient religion granted sacral legitimation to the ruling classes and saw the masses as mere servants. The Pentateuch, by contrast, elevates the common citizenry in the eyes of God by invoking the political institution of the vassal treaty, and casting Israel as a subordinate king to the Almighty through the theology of covenant. Through the prism of the political philosophies of Plato, Aristotle, and Montesquieu, the book demonstrates the Pentateuch to be history's first proposal for the distribution of political power. Utilizing the anthropology of pre‐modern economies, ancient norms are explored concerning land tenure, taxation, and loans are reworked so that the common citizenry remains economically secure. Invoking the transformational role of the printing press in the spread of the Reformation and the birth of the Enlightenment, the book identifies far‐reaching consequences in the Bible's approach to what was then the new technology of communication: the alphabetic text.
Jane A. Bernstein
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195141085
- eISBN:
- 9780199871421
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195141085.003.0007
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
This chapter focuses on the two most important music printing presses of 16th-century Venice: the House of Scotto and the House of Gardano. It presents histories of the two dynastic firms, tracing ...
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This chapter focuses on the two most important music printing presses of 16th-century Venice: the House of Scotto and the House of Gardano. It presents histories of the two dynastic firms, tracing their development from the founding of the presses through several generations of bookmen.Less
This chapter focuses on the two most important music printing presses of 16th-century Venice: the House of Scotto and the House of Gardano. It presents histories of the two dynastic firms, tracing their development from the founding of the presses through several generations of bookmen.
Joshua A. Berman
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195374704
- eISBN:
- 9780199871438
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195374704.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism, Biblical Studies
This chapter examines the role that technology may have played in advancing the egalitarian platform. The adoption of the technology of the alphabetic script and its use in creating texts in ancient ...
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This chapter examines the role that technology may have played in advancing the egalitarian platform. The adoption of the technology of the alphabetic script and its use in creating texts in ancient Israel is a result of a dynamic relationship between technology, on the one hand, and a distinct theological and social mind frame on the other that is unafraid of educating the masses. In Mesopotamia and in Egypt, by contrast, texts were produced, read, memorized, and transmitted by a scribal elite, and composed in scripts that were inherently difficult to master—hieroglyphics and cuneiform. Literacy in ancient Israel was probably always the purview of professional scribes. But passages in Deuteronomy, Exodus and in the prophetic writings of the Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Habakuk suggest that such texts should be produced for the masses, read to them, remembered and transmitted by them. Examining the role of the printing press in the flourishing of 16th century Western Europe sheds insight into how the Bible sought to optimize the newfound technology of the alphabetic script in the southern Levant in an unprecedented manner, by utilizing the power of the alphabetic text and its potential for wide circulation. Whereas in Mesopotamia and in Egypt writing was turned inwards as a guarded source of power, in Israel it was turned outwards and reflected the Bible's egalitarian impulse. The dissemination of such texts through writing and reading to the masses accords with other biblical emphases such as the domestication of national religion, the shift from a cult of objects to a cult of words and ideas, and the rise of a national vernacular literature. An examination of the role and status of writing within Greek thought generally, and the thought of Plato in particular, highlights the special status accorded writing within biblical thought.Less
This chapter examines the role that technology may have played in advancing the egalitarian platform. The adoption of the technology of the alphabetic script and its use in creating texts in ancient Israel is a result of a dynamic relationship between technology, on the one hand, and a distinct theological and social mind frame on the other that is unafraid of educating the masses. In Mesopotamia and in Egypt, by contrast, texts were produced, read, memorized, and transmitted by a scribal elite, and composed in scripts that were inherently difficult to master—hieroglyphics and cuneiform. Literacy in ancient Israel was probably always the purview of professional scribes. But passages in Deuteronomy, Exodus and in the prophetic writings of the Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Habakuk suggest that such texts should be produced for the masses, read to them, remembered and transmitted by them. Examining the role of the printing press in the flourishing of 16th century Western Europe sheds insight into how the Bible sought to optimize the newfound technology of the alphabetic script in the southern Levant in an unprecedented manner, by utilizing the power of the alphabetic text and its potential for wide circulation. Whereas in Mesopotamia and in Egypt writing was turned inwards as a guarded source of power, in Israel it was turned outwards and reflected the Bible's egalitarian impulse. The dissemination of such texts through writing and reading to the masses accords with other biblical emphases such as the domestication of national religion, the shift from a cult of objects to a cult of words and ideas, and the rise of a national vernacular literature. An examination of the role and status of writing within Greek thought generally, and the thought of Plato in particular, highlights the special status accorded writing within biblical thought.
Helena Sanson
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197264836
- eISBN:
- 9780191754043
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264836.003.0002
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics
This chapter examines women's linguistic education in Cinquecento Italy and the role played by the vernacular in making knowledge more accessible to the less educated, and particularly to women. ...
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This chapter examines women's linguistic education in Cinquecento Italy and the role played by the vernacular in making knowledge more accessible to the less educated, and particularly to women. Women's language, according to men of letters and theorists, was simple and devoid of refinement, but also pure and conservative. Women's role as linguistic educators of their offspring could only be a limited one, circumscribed to the first years of childhood: a girl's education usually remained confined within a domestic environment dominated by the vernacular, and removed from the universe of classical languages and more advanced studies that was a privilege of the lucky few. With the development and spread of the printing press, women came to be seen as a new, profitable sector of the publishing market. They became the target of a variety of works that brought the literary vernacular within their reach. A determining role in helping to spread the literary vernacular across different social classes was played by Petrarchism, and the prestige of the written vernacular allowed for the expression of the voices and talents of women writers. Discussions on language were not merely arid scholarly lucubrations. They had become a fashionable topic that pervaded courtly and upper-class society and concerned men and women alike, with women's presence also occasionally directly gracing the more traditional realms of male linguistic erudition.Less
This chapter examines women's linguistic education in Cinquecento Italy and the role played by the vernacular in making knowledge more accessible to the less educated, and particularly to women. Women's language, according to men of letters and theorists, was simple and devoid of refinement, but also pure and conservative. Women's role as linguistic educators of their offspring could only be a limited one, circumscribed to the first years of childhood: a girl's education usually remained confined within a domestic environment dominated by the vernacular, and removed from the universe of classical languages and more advanced studies that was a privilege of the lucky few. With the development and spread of the printing press, women came to be seen as a new, profitable sector of the publishing market. They became the target of a variety of works that brought the literary vernacular within their reach. A determining role in helping to spread the literary vernacular across different social classes was played by Petrarchism, and the prestige of the written vernacular allowed for the expression of the voices and talents of women writers. Discussions on language were not merely arid scholarly lucubrations. They had become a fashionable topic that pervaded courtly and upper-class society and concerned men and women alike, with women's presence also occasionally directly gracing the more traditional realms of male linguistic erudition.
Andrew Pettegree
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198227397
- eISBN:
- 9780191678691
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198227397.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History, History of Religion
This chapter examines the activities of the printing presses in Emden, Germany, and their role in supporting the evangelical congregation of the Netherlands. Emden printing represented possibly the ...
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This chapter examines the activities of the printing presses in Emden, Germany, and their role in supporting the evangelical congregation of the Netherlands. Emden printing represented possibly the most important contribution of the town in the shaping of Dutch Protestantism. Though Emden shared the functions of a mother Church with other exile centres, its role as a printing centre was never challenged. It was the single most important centre for the production of Dutch vernacular Protestant literature during the Reformation.Less
This chapter examines the activities of the printing presses in Emden, Germany, and their role in supporting the evangelical congregation of the Netherlands. Emden printing represented possibly the most important contribution of the town in the shaping of Dutch Protestantism. Though Emden shared the functions of a mother Church with other exile centres, its role as a printing centre was never challenged. It was the single most important centre for the production of Dutch vernacular Protestant literature during the Reformation.
Heather A. Haveman
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691164403
- eISBN:
- 9781400873883
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691164403.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Theory
This chapter looks at the history of American magazines during the period 1741–1860. It first traces the origins of magazines in Europe, where magazine publishing began in the late seventeenth ...
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This chapter looks at the history of American magazines during the period 1741–1860. It first traces the origins of magazines in Europe, where magazine publishing began in the late seventeenth century as printing presses became widespread. Among the early English-language magazines in this period were the Philosophical Transactions, A Review of the Affairs of France and of all Europe, and Gentleman's Magazine. The chapter proceeds by discussing the growth of the magazine industry in America from 1741 to 1860 as well as the evolving nature of magazine distribution in terms of audience, content, format, and genre variety, as well as publishing and readership geography. The chapter highlights the sharp distinction between the short-lived, small-circulation magazines of the mid-eighteenth century and the often long-lived, mass-circulation periodicals of the mid-nineteenth century.Less
This chapter looks at the history of American magazines during the period 1741–1860. It first traces the origins of magazines in Europe, where magazine publishing began in the late seventeenth century as printing presses became widespread. Among the early English-language magazines in this period were the Philosophical Transactions, A Review of the Affairs of France and of all Europe, and Gentleman's Magazine. The chapter proceeds by discussing the growth of the magazine industry in America from 1741 to 1860 as well as the evolving nature of magazine distribution in terms of audience, content, format, and genre variety, as well as publishing and readership geography. The chapter highlights the sharp distinction between the short-lived, small-circulation magazines of the mid-eighteenth century and the often long-lived, mass-circulation periodicals of the mid-nineteenth century.
Jean Baumgarten
Jerold C. Frakes (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199276332
- eISBN:
- 9780191699894
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199276332.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism, Religion and Literature
The rise of Yiddish literature coincides with the development of the Hebrew printing industry in Europe. The invention of printing had important consequences for cultural transmission and ...
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The rise of Yiddish literature coincides with the development of the Hebrew printing industry in Europe. The invention of printing had important consequences for cultural transmission and communication as it had been conceived up to that time in Jewish society. Despite the relative paucity of precise sources concerning Yiddish books and their readers, it was clear that their production gave concrete expression to developments in cultural communication as they had existed up to the appearance of the printing press. While the corpus of traditional Jewish learning had remained primarily confined to the realm of educated initiates and scholars, that traditional knowledge circulated among new classes of readers trough the existence of books in Yiddish. The gap that had existed between the educated, who had access to the sacred Hebrew texts, and the masses of the faithful, who were often excluded from the religious tradition, diminished.Less
The rise of Yiddish literature coincides with the development of the Hebrew printing industry in Europe. The invention of printing had important consequences for cultural transmission and communication as it had been conceived up to that time in Jewish society. Despite the relative paucity of precise sources concerning Yiddish books and their readers, it was clear that their production gave concrete expression to developments in cultural communication as they had existed up to the appearance of the printing press. While the corpus of traditional Jewish learning had remained primarily confined to the realm of educated initiates and scholars, that traditional knowledge circulated among new classes of readers trough the existence of books in Yiddish. The gap that had existed between the educated, who had access to the sacred Hebrew texts, and the masses of the faithful, who were often excluded from the religious tradition, diminished.
Julie Stone Peters
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199262168
- eISBN:
- 9780191698811
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199262168.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Drama
This is an account of the entangled histories of print and the theatre in Europe between the Renaissance and the late 19th century: a history of European dramatic publication (providing comparative ...
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This is an account of the entangled histories of print and the theatre in Europe between the Renaissance and the late 19th century: a history of European dramatic publication (providing comparative and historical perspective to the growing field of textual studies); an examination of the creation of the modern notion of text and performance; and a comparative genealogy of ideas about theatrical and textual reception. It shows that, far from being marginal to Renaissance dramatists, the printing press had an essential role to play in the birth of the modern theatre, crucially shaping the normative conception of ‘theatre’ as a distinct aesthetic medium and of drama as a distinct narrative form, helping to forge a theatricalist aesthetics in opposition to ‘the book’. Treating playtexts, engravings, actor portraits, notation systems, and theatrical ephemera at once as material objects and expressions of complex cultural formations, the book examines the European theatre's continual refashioning of itself in the world of print.Less
This is an account of the entangled histories of print and the theatre in Europe between the Renaissance and the late 19th century: a history of European dramatic publication (providing comparative and historical perspective to the growing field of textual studies); an examination of the creation of the modern notion of text and performance; and a comparative genealogy of ideas about theatrical and textual reception. It shows that, far from being marginal to Renaissance dramatists, the printing press had an essential role to play in the birth of the modern theatre, crucially shaping the normative conception of ‘theatre’ as a distinct aesthetic medium and of drama as a distinct narrative form, helping to forge a theatricalist aesthetics in opposition to ‘the book’. Treating playtexts, engravings, actor portraits, notation systems, and theatrical ephemera at once as material objects and expressions of complex cultural formations, the book examines the European theatre's continual refashioning of itself in the world of print.
Andrew Pettegree
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198227397
- eISBN:
- 9780191678691
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198227397.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History, History of Religion
The German town of Emden was, in the 16th century, the most important haven for exiled Dutch Protestants. Drawing on knowledge of the contemporary archives, this book explores the role of Emden as a ...
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The German town of Emden was, in the 16th century, the most important haven for exiled Dutch Protestants. Drawing on knowledge of the contemporary archives, this book explores the role of Emden as a refuge, a training centre and, above all, as the major source of Dutch Protestant propaganda. The book provides a unique and invaluable reconstruction of the output of Emden's famous printing presses. The emergence of an independent state in the Netherlands was accompanied by a transformation in the status of Protestantism from a persecuted sect to the dominant religious force in the new Dutch republic. The book shows how the exile churches — the nurseries of Dutch Calvinism — provided military and financial support for the armies of William of Orange and models of church organization for the new state. This book is a detailed analysis of the origins of the Dutch Republic and the place of Calvinism in the European Reformation.Less
The German town of Emden was, in the 16th century, the most important haven for exiled Dutch Protestants. Drawing on knowledge of the contemporary archives, this book explores the role of Emden as a refuge, a training centre and, above all, as the major source of Dutch Protestant propaganda. The book provides a unique and invaluable reconstruction of the output of Emden's famous printing presses. The emergence of an independent state in the Netherlands was accompanied by a transformation in the status of Protestantism from a persecuted sect to the dominant religious force in the new Dutch republic. The book shows how the exile churches — the nurseries of Dutch Calvinism — provided military and financial support for the armies of William of Orange and models of church organization for the new state. This book is a detailed analysis of the origins of the Dutch Republic and the place of Calvinism in the European Reformation.
Glanmor Williams
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780192852786
- eISBN:
- 9780191670565
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192852786.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter discusses the literary traditions of Wales and describes two major elements which helped inject new life into the cultural life of the Welsh. It discusses the development of the ...
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This chapter discusses the literary traditions of Wales and describes two major elements which helped inject new life into the cultural life of the Welsh. It discusses the development of the provincial printing-press and the scholarly zeal of Edward Lhuyd, the versatile Oxford scholar, who sought to broaden the intellectual horizons of his countrymen and sow the seeds of ideological concepts which would grow luxuriantly in the future. The Welsh press provided native culture with a new momentum by publishing and selling cheap books that stimulated demand for Welsh books. New ventures sprang up, sponsored by practical men of enterprise who were keen to stimulate and satisfy the demands of the swelling ranks of the reading public.Less
This chapter discusses the literary traditions of Wales and describes two major elements which helped inject new life into the cultural life of the Welsh. It discusses the development of the provincial printing-press and the scholarly zeal of Edward Lhuyd, the versatile Oxford scholar, who sought to broaden the intellectual horizons of his countrymen and sow the seeds of ideological concepts which would grow luxuriantly in the future. The Welsh press provided native culture with a new momentum by publishing and selling cheap books that stimulated demand for Welsh books. New ventures sprang up, sponsored by practical men of enterprise who were keen to stimulate and satisfy the demands of the swelling ranks of the reading public.
Martyn Ould
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199557318
- eISBN:
- 9780191772320
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199557318.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History, Economic History
The core occupations of the printing house — type-casting, composing, proofing, printing, distributing, gathering, and collating — remained largely unchanged during the period studied in this book, ...
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The core occupations of the printing house — type-casting, composing, proofing, printing, distributing, gathering, and collating — remained largely unchanged during the period studied in this book, and the technology of printing with its wooden presses, hand-made paper, and hand-set type remained similarly consistent. This chapter thus considers how these particular working practices and technologies were implemented in Oxford. It discusses the awkward organization of printing activities in the Sheldonian Theatre, with printing presses in the basement and compositors ceding the main floor to university ceremonies, and describes other buildings in Oxford used for printing and warehousing. The design of the new Clarendon Printing house allowed both the Bible Press and the Learned Press to operate in one building from 1713. The roles of the Architypographus and Warehouse Keeper are examined, as are the working conditions within the Press. The sources of the paper, type, and illustrations used by the Learned Press are also catalogued.Less
The core occupations of the printing house — type-casting, composing, proofing, printing, distributing, gathering, and collating — remained largely unchanged during the period studied in this book, and the technology of printing with its wooden presses, hand-made paper, and hand-set type remained similarly consistent. This chapter thus considers how these particular working practices and technologies were implemented in Oxford. It discusses the awkward organization of printing activities in the Sheldonian Theatre, with printing presses in the basement and compositors ceding the main floor to university ceremonies, and describes other buildings in Oxford used for printing and warehousing. The design of the new Clarendon Printing house allowed both the Bible Press and the Learned Press to operate in one building from 1713. The roles of the Architypographus and Warehouse Keeper are examined, as are the working conditions within the Press. The sources of the paper, type, and illustrations used by the Learned Press are also catalogued.
Andrew Pettegree
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198227397
- eISBN:
- 9780191678691
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198227397.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History, History of Religion
This chapter suggests that the year 1565 represents something of a high point for the output of the Protestant printing presses in Emden, Germany. From 1564 to 1565 it had become clear that the ...
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This chapter suggests that the year 1565 represents something of a high point for the output of the Protestant printing presses in Emden, Germany. From 1564 to 1565 it had become clear that the clamp-down on conventicles had not succeeded in solving the problem posed by religious dissent. Various Protestant groups congregated and launched demonstrations to oppose heresy policies of various governments. In these endeavours, Emden provided the necessary documents and literature vital to the cause of Dutch Protestantism.Less
This chapter suggests that the year 1565 represents something of a high point for the output of the Protestant printing presses in Emden, Germany. From 1564 to 1565 it had become clear that the clamp-down on conventicles had not succeeded in solving the problem posed by religious dissent. Various Protestant groups congregated and launched demonstrations to oppose heresy policies of various governments. In these endeavours, Emden provided the necessary documents and literature vital to the cause of Dutch Protestantism.
Siân Reynolds
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199560424
- eISBN:
- 9780191741814
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199560424.003.0015
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History, Cultural History
The Rolands and several friends, including Brissot, Bancal, Champagneux and Lanthenas, considered an idealistic project: to buy up church land and form a community with a school, printing press, and ...
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The Rolands and several friends, including Brissot, Bancal, Champagneux and Lanthenas, considered an idealistic project: to buy up church land and form a community with a school, printing press, and group of families farming the land. The scheme in various forms and its partcipants are discussed: one side-effect is the mutual attraction between Henri Bancal and Madame Roland – perhaps the first crack in the Roland marriage.Less
The Rolands and several friends, including Brissot, Bancal, Champagneux and Lanthenas, considered an idealistic project: to buy up church land and form a community with a school, printing press, and group of families farming the land. The scheme in various forms and its partcipants are discussed: one side-effect is the mutual attraction between Henri Bancal and Madame Roland – perhaps the first crack in the Roland marriage.
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226620411
- eISBN:
- 9780226620428
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226620428.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
This chapter shows that the early seventeenth-century English East India Company was often a reluctant entrant to the world of print. The printing press was one political resource among many, and a ...
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This chapter shows that the early seventeenth-century English East India Company was often a reluctant entrant to the world of print. The printing press was one political resource among many, and a potentially risky one at that. The complex economy of influence that print was part of in the early seventeenth century, which also involved the artful deployment of speech and manuscripts, is explored here through detailed reconstructions of the Company's response to an attack printed in 1615, and the pamphlets that were part of conflicts with the Dutch in the 1620s. However, the explosion of printed material in the mid-seventeenth century changed matters. The flowering of the relationship between the press and the market in England, which powered the production of a huge diversity of printed material, was conjoined with the establishment of a new relationship between print and politics.Less
This chapter shows that the early seventeenth-century English East India Company was often a reluctant entrant to the world of print. The printing press was one political resource among many, and a potentially risky one at that. The complex economy of influence that print was part of in the early seventeenth century, which also involved the artful deployment of speech and manuscripts, is explored here through detailed reconstructions of the Company's response to an attack printed in 1615, and the pamphlets that were part of conflicts with the Dutch in the 1620s. However, the explosion of printed material in the mid-seventeenth century changed matters. The flowering of the relationship between the press and the market in England, which powered the production of a huge diversity of printed material, was conjoined with the establishment of a new relationship between print and politics.
Rosa Salzberg
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780719087035
- eISBN:
- 9781781707906
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719087035.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
The Introduction begins with a short case study of a street singer caught peddling prohibited print on the streets of Venice, as an introduction to the idea of the ‘ephemeral city’ of texts, people ...
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The Introduction begins with a short case study of a street singer caught peddling prohibited print on the streets of Venice, as an introduction to the idea of the ‘ephemeral city’ of texts, people and actions that are difficult, but important, for historians to try to capture. It then surveys the historiography on cheap print and argues for the importance of this material in understanding how the printing press influenced early modern culture. It contends that Venice is a significant case study because of the early explosion of print but also the rapid establishment of mechanisms to control it. It then outlines the chapters of the book, addressing issues such as literacy, dissemination and censorship.Less
The Introduction begins with a short case study of a street singer caught peddling prohibited print on the streets of Venice, as an introduction to the idea of the ‘ephemeral city’ of texts, people and actions that are difficult, but important, for historians to try to capture. It then surveys the historiography on cheap print and argues for the importance of this material in understanding how the printing press influenced early modern culture. It contends that Venice is a significant case study because of the early explosion of print but also the rapid establishment of mechanisms to control it. It then outlines the chapters of the book, addressing issues such as literacy, dissemination and censorship.
Glanmor Williams
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780192852779
- eISBN:
- 9780191670558
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192852779.003.0018
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
The trends towards the extension of education observable among the lay men and women were strengthened in the sixteenth century. Literacy and the interest in acquiring printed materials became more ...
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The trends towards the extension of education observable among the lay men and women were strengthened in the sixteenth century. Literacy and the interest in acquiring printed materials became more common as the printing press was developed. Despite the downfall of education with the dissolution of monasteries, the need for teaching remained greater than ever. Another impetus of a more distinctly cultural kind was added by the metamorphosis of the concept of a gentleman — the Renaissance man. The impact of religion was a powerful stimulus to education. One of the outstanding features of educational provisions during the period was the encouragement of endowed grammar schools. The impact of the Reformation was also evident on the visual arts but the main focus of cultural activity was in literature. Surprisingly, Welsh authors published many more books in other languages than in their own.Less
The trends towards the extension of education observable among the lay men and women were strengthened in the sixteenth century. Literacy and the interest in acquiring printed materials became more common as the printing press was developed. Despite the downfall of education with the dissolution of monasteries, the need for teaching remained greater than ever. Another impetus of a more distinctly cultural kind was added by the metamorphosis of the concept of a gentleman — the Renaissance man. The impact of religion was a powerful stimulus to education. One of the outstanding features of educational provisions during the period was the encouragement of endowed grammar schools. The impact of the Reformation was also evident on the visual arts but the main focus of cultural activity was in literature. Surprisingly, Welsh authors published many more books in other languages than in their own.
Margaret Adams Parker
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823225712
- eISBN:
- 9780823237067
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823225712.003.0010
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
It can be argued that printmaking in Europe grew up alongside the printed Christian Bible. The print's beginnings in Western Europe coincided roughly with the development of the ...
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It can be argued that printmaking in Europe grew up alongside the printed Christian Bible. The print's beginnings in Western Europe coincided roughly with the development of the printing press and movable type. Indeed, the impact of the biblical print is in some ways analogous to that of the printed text. Just as the printing press made possible the broader dissemination of the Bible, the print made biblical images widely available. Likewise, translations of the Bible into local vernaculars made the text accessible to those who could not read the Latin Vulgate, just as the printed image “told” the biblical story to those many Christians who could not read at all. This is true whether the picture appears separately from the text or alongside it.Less
It can be argued that printmaking in Europe grew up alongside the printed Christian Bible. The print's beginnings in Western Europe coincided roughly with the development of the printing press and movable type. Indeed, the impact of the biblical print is in some ways analogous to that of the printed text. Just as the printing press made possible the broader dissemination of the Bible, the print made biblical images widely available. Likewise, translations of the Bible into local vernaculars made the text accessible to those who could not read the Latin Vulgate, just as the printed image “told” the biblical story to those many Christians who could not read at all. This is true whether the picture appears separately from the text or alongside it.
Pamela E. Klassen
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780226552569
- eISBN:
- 9780226552873
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226552873.003.0006
- Subject:
- Anthropology, American and Canadian Cultural Anthropology
For its power to make stories mobile and proliferating, the printing press was a beloved tool of Protestant missionaries. Telling a before-and-after story of a printing press that melted in a fire, ...
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For its power to make stories mobile and proliferating, the printing press was a beloved tool of Protestant missionaries. Telling a before-and-after story of a printing press that melted in a fire, this chapter follows Frederick Du Vernet’s relationship with his missionary colleague James McCullagh as they grappled with the promises and unexpected properties of print. As Du Vernet became increasingly taken with liberal Anglican spirituality, McCullagh ventured to England’s Keswick Convention, a Holiness gathering. But both were emboldened by the white possessive, and understood that being white men gave them a peculiar ability to hold property in the British Empire by way of printed deeds that asserted their ownership. As their London- and Toronto-based missionary organizations shifted from “Indian Work” to “White Work,” however, the missionaries knew that theirs was an anxious possession, thanks to their awareness of what the Nisga’a had spelled out for them in person and in print: they had never ceded their territory. Using the mission printing press, the Nisga’a published a newspaper, Hagaga, as well as pamphlets detailing their Land Committee’s strong views against white settlement. Papers that mapped white possession were not enough to truly claim Nisga’a land, and the missionaries knew this.Less
For its power to make stories mobile and proliferating, the printing press was a beloved tool of Protestant missionaries. Telling a before-and-after story of a printing press that melted in a fire, this chapter follows Frederick Du Vernet’s relationship with his missionary colleague James McCullagh as they grappled with the promises and unexpected properties of print. As Du Vernet became increasingly taken with liberal Anglican spirituality, McCullagh ventured to England’s Keswick Convention, a Holiness gathering. But both were emboldened by the white possessive, and understood that being white men gave them a peculiar ability to hold property in the British Empire by way of printed deeds that asserted their ownership. As their London- and Toronto-based missionary organizations shifted from “Indian Work” to “White Work,” however, the missionaries knew that theirs was an anxious possession, thanks to their awareness of what the Nisga’a had spelled out for them in person and in print: they had never ceded their territory. Using the mission printing press, the Nisga’a published a newspaper, Hagaga, as well as pamphlets detailing their Land Committee’s strong views against white settlement. Papers that mapped white possession were not enough to truly claim Nisga’a land, and the missionaries knew this.
Marion Elizabeth Rodgers
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195072389
- eISBN:
- 9780199787982
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195072389.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
This chapter presents an overview of Mencken's German-American family background and childhood, focusing on Baltimore during the Gilded Age of the 1880s and 1890s, and how it formed his worldview and ...
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This chapter presents an overview of Mencken's German-American family background and childhood, focusing on Baltimore during the Gilded Age of the 1880s and 1890s, and how it formed his worldview and values. His nascent interest in science, music, writing, and reading is described.Less
This chapter presents an overview of Mencken's German-American family background and childhood, focusing on Baltimore during the Gilded Age of the 1880s and 1890s, and how it formed his worldview and values. His nascent interest in science, music, writing, and reading is described.
Maxwell A. Cameron
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199987443
- eISBN:
- 9780199346257
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199987443.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
The printing press contributed to the spread of reading and writing. Although the initial impact of the Gutenberg revolution was to reinforce monopolies of knowledge, over time it contributed to the ...
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The printing press contributed to the spread of reading and writing. Although the initial impact of the Gutenberg revolution was to reinforce monopolies of knowledge, over time it contributed to the separation of church and state, the emergence of public opinion, and the differentiation of powers within the state, including the rise of parliaments as legislative – legal text-making – bodies. Theorizing about the role of legislatures, courts, and executives was sharpened by Enlightenment thinkers – among them Montesquieu, who provided the canonical synthesis. The new contractualism opened the door to constitution-making as a conscious, adaptive, and evolutionary activity. This new spirit informed both the French and American revolutions, as well as constitutional traditions in those parts of the world colonized by the West. In particular, they provided the initial point of departure for both the Madisonian tradition in North America and the Bolivarian tradition of Latin America.Less
The printing press contributed to the spread of reading and writing. Although the initial impact of the Gutenberg revolution was to reinforce monopolies of knowledge, over time it contributed to the separation of church and state, the emergence of public opinion, and the differentiation of powers within the state, including the rise of parliaments as legislative – legal text-making – bodies. Theorizing about the role of legislatures, courts, and executives was sharpened by Enlightenment thinkers – among them Montesquieu, who provided the canonical synthesis. The new contractualism opened the door to constitution-making as a conscious, adaptive, and evolutionary activity. This new spirit informed both the French and American revolutions, as well as constitutional traditions in those parts of the world colonized by the West. In particular, they provided the initial point of departure for both the Madisonian tradition in North America and the Bolivarian tradition of Latin America.
