Markus Haacker
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198718048
- eISBN:
- 9780191787461
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198718048.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare
The chapter develops a forward-looking analysis of the cost-effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions, taking into account HIV transmission dynamics and spending commitments implied by new HIV ...
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The chapter develops a forward-looking analysis of the cost-effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions, taking into account HIV transmission dynamics and spending commitments implied by new HIV infections. The dynamic and population-level effects of averting an HIV infection differ because an individual not infected because of an intervention does not infect others and so on, but he or she may become infected at a later time. As HIV is predominantly transmitted sexually, the impacts of HIV prevention interventions differ according to risk behaviour, but also to factors (e.g. age) of the individuals targeted. The chapter discusses HIV infections averted and financial savings achieved through condom use across age groups; population-level effects of averting one HIV infection across risk groups; the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and the financial returns to investments of male circumcision; and the cost-effectiveness of treatment, in terms of immediate health outcomes and HIV prevention.Less
The chapter develops a forward-looking analysis of the cost-effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions, taking into account HIV transmission dynamics and spending commitments implied by new HIV infections. The dynamic and population-level effects of averting an HIV infection differ because an individual not infected because of an intervention does not infect others and so on, but he or she may become infected at a later time. As HIV is predominantly transmitted sexually, the impacts of HIV prevention interventions differ according to risk behaviour, but also to factors (e.g. age) of the individuals targeted. The chapter discusses HIV infections averted and financial savings achieved through condom use across age groups; population-level effects of averting one HIV infection across risk groups; the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and the financial returns to investments of male circumcision; and the cost-effectiveness of treatment, in terms of immediate health outcomes and HIV prevention.
Kristen E. Cheney
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780226437408
- eISBN:
- 9780226437682
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226437682.003.0002
- Subject:
- Anthropology, African Cultural Anthropology
This chapter introduces the concept of ‘the post-ARV generation’ through a contextual analysis of the history of the HIV-AIDS pandemic in Africa – Uganda specifically – and how that shaped the ...
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This chapter introduces the concept of ‘the post-ARV generation’ through a contextual analysis of the history of the HIV-AIDS pandemic in Africa – Uganda specifically – and how that shaped the childhood experiences of those born around the time that prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and antiretroviral treatment (ART) became available. The chapter also provides an account of the humanitarian and development aid responses to AIDS orphanhood, led primarily by NGOs and CBOs and then taken up by national governments and INGOs such as UNICEF and PEPFAR. The chapter considers how each of these developments have helped or hurt children orphaned by AIDS and the aim to create an ‘AIDS-free generation’.Less
This chapter introduces the concept of ‘the post-ARV generation’ through a contextual analysis of the history of the HIV-AIDS pandemic in Africa – Uganda specifically – and how that shaped the childhood experiences of those born around the time that prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and antiretroviral treatment (ART) became available. The chapter also provides an account of the humanitarian and development aid responses to AIDS orphanhood, led primarily by NGOs and CBOs and then taken up by national governments and INGOs such as UNICEF and PEPFAR. The chapter considers how each of these developments have helped or hurt children orphaned by AIDS and the aim to create an ‘AIDS-free generation’.
