Paul C. Gutjahr
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199740420
- eISBN:
- 9780199894703
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199740420.003.0000
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
The Prologue argues for the importance of Charles Hodge in nineteenth-century American Protestantism through his publications (including forty years as the editor of the Biblical Repertory and ...
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The Prologue argues for the importance of Charles Hodge in nineteenth-century American Protestantism through his publications (including forty years as the editor of the Biblical Repertory and Princeton Review) and his fifty-six year career as a professor at Princeton Theological Seminary. It is impossible to fully understand the current shape of American Presbyterianism, American Calvinism, and much of twentieth-century Protestant Fundamentalism without carefully studying the theological influence of Charles Hodge.Less
The Prologue argues for the importance of Charles Hodge in nineteenth-century American Protestantism through his publications (including forty years as the editor of the Biblical Repertory and Princeton Review) and his fifty-six year career as a professor at Princeton Theological Seminary. It is impossible to fully understand the current shape of American Presbyterianism, American Calvinism, and much of twentieth-century Protestant Fundamentalism without carefully studying the theological influence of Charles Hodge.
Steve Bruce
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199281022
- eISBN:
- 9780191712760
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199281022.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter sets the context of understanding Paisley by explaining the settler origins of the Ulster Protestants, describing the major differences between Protestantism and Catholicism, and ...
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This chapter sets the context of understanding Paisley by explaining the settler origins of the Ulster Protestants, describing the major differences between Protestantism and Catholicism, and considering the growing gulf between conservatives and liberals within Irish Presbyterianism at the start of the 20th century.Less
This chapter sets the context of understanding Paisley by explaining the settler origins of the Ulster Protestants, describing the major differences between Protestantism and Catholicism, and considering the growing gulf between conservatives and liberals within Irish Presbyterianism at the start of the 20th century.
Keith Robbins
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198263715
- eISBN:
- 9780191714283
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198263715.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity, Church History
The chapter presents a broad picture of the different churches across the Isles at the dawn of the century. It identifies structures, modes of government (episcopacy, presbyterianism, connexionalism, ...
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The chapter presents a broad picture of the different churches across the Isles at the dawn of the century. It identifies structures, modes of government (episcopacy, presbyterianism, connexionalism, congregationalism), and respective understandings of ‘clergy’ and ‘laity’. These are set against the backdrop of specific types of buildings — cathedrals, churches, chapels, and meeting-houses, and their ethos and regional/national distribution are described. The chapter emphasizes the extent to which buildings conveyed messages about the social character of denominations. It describes differences in styles of worship and modes of dress — preaching, praying, music — and their setting and surroundings, together with the theological and liturgical assumptions underlying them. It asks about change and continuity: the relationship between past and present in a new century. It probes the ‘public space’ churches occupied, both in terms of local communities and in relation to national politics and the constitution (establishment and disestablishment).Less
The chapter presents a broad picture of the different churches across the Isles at the dawn of the century. It identifies structures, modes of government (episcopacy, presbyterianism, connexionalism, congregationalism), and respective understandings of ‘clergy’ and ‘laity’. These are set against the backdrop of specific types of buildings — cathedrals, churches, chapels, and meeting-houses, and their ethos and regional/national distribution are described. The chapter emphasizes the extent to which buildings conveyed messages about the social character of denominations. It describes differences in styles of worship and modes of dress — preaching, praying, music — and their setting and surroundings, together with the theological and liturgical assumptions underlying them. It asks about change and continuity: the relationship between past and present in a new century. It probes the ‘public space’ churches occupied, both in terms of local communities and in relation to national politics and the constitution (establishment and disestablishment).
David George Mullan
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198269977
- eISBN:
- 9780191600715
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198269978.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
The book makes an implicit judgement that the religious culture that emerged in Scotland at the end of the sixteenth century was widely analogous to the Puritanism that dominated the Church of ...
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The book makes an implicit judgement that the religious culture that emerged in Scotland at the end of the sixteenth century was widely analogous to the Puritanism that dominated the Church of England at the same time, though with the significant distinction that in Scotland, Presbyterianism was more successful than south of the Tweed. Scottish Puritan writers, mainly clergy, of course, and including as in England, both Presbyterians and most Episcopalians, began to produce significant amounts of practical piety around 1590, both evoking and supplying a kind of lay piety that emphasized an emotional religious content. Central to this piety was the Word, the Bible, and also the sermons and literature that divines prepared for pulpit and press—enhanced by a strong attachment to the sacraments, and particularly to the Lord's Supper. Laymen and laywomen were urged to engage in Bible reading, meditation, prayer, Sabbath observance, family devotional activities and attendance of celebrations of the Lord's Supper, even in parishes other than their own. The inner life typically included a shattering experience of conversion and a striving for a sense of assurance that God had indeed included one amongst the limited numbers of the elect. Women not less than men were the objects of pastoral concern and the feminine formed an essential part of the discourse of divinity. The notion of the covenant was linked indissolubly to this theology, though differing conceptions of covenant—national and personal—did not mesh well and thus inscribed a deep tension upon Scottish Puritanism. The author raises a question as to whether this emotional and conversion‐based piety was reconcilable with the sense of a nation in a covenantal relationship with God, and whether the National Covenant of 1638 represented a fulfilment or a betrayal of the divinity of the previous two generations during which Protestant divines had offered very little by way of resistance theory. But this outlook was quickly awakened after the prayer book riots of July 1637.Less
The book makes an implicit judgement that the religious culture that emerged in Scotland at the end of the sixteenth century was widely analogous to the Puritanism that dominated the Church of England at the same time, though with the significant distinction that in Scotland, Presbyterianism was more successful than south of the Tweed. Scottish Puritan writers, mainly clergy, of course, and including as in England, both Presbyterians and most Episcopalians, began to produce significant amounts of practical piety around 1590, both evoking and supplying a kind of lay piety that emphasized an emotional religious content. Central to this piety was the Word, the Bible, and also the sermons and literature that divines prepared for pulpit and press—enhanced by a strong attachment to the sacraments, and particularly to the Lord's Supper. Laymen and laywomen were urged to engage in Bible reading, meditation, prayer, Sabbath observance, family devotional activities and attendance of celebrations of the Lord's Supper, even in parishes other than their own. The inner life typically included a shattering experience of conversion and a striving for a sense of assurance that God had indeed included one amongst the limited numbers of the elect. Women not less than men were the objects of pastoral concern and the feminine formed an essential part of the discourse of divinity. The notion of the covenant was linked indissolubly to this theology, though differing conceptions of covenant—national and personal—did not mesh well and thus inscribed a deep tension upon Scottish Puritanism. The author raises a question as to whether this emotional and conversion‐based piety was reconcilable with the sense of a nation in a covenantal relationship with God, and whether the National Covenant of 1638 represented a fulfilment or a betrayal of the divinity of the previous two generations during which Protestant divines had offered very little by way of resistance theory. But this outlook was quickly awakened after the prayer book riots of July 1637.
Nicholas Mcdowell
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199278008
- eISBN:
- 9780191707810
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199278008.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, 17th-century and Restoration Literature, Poetry
This chapter focuses initially on John Hall of Durham, who had been under Stanley's patronage since 1642 and was a key member of his London literary group. Hall was also an avid reader of Milton's ...
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This chapter focuses initially on John Hall of Durham, who had been under Stanley's patronage since 1642 and was a key member of his London literary group. Hall was also an avid reader of Milton's prose and an associate of the educational reformer and intelligencer Samuel Hartlib, who regarded the dissolution of the court as an opportunity to reform learning in England. The first section of the chapter examines Hall's correspondence with Hartlib and his (failed) effort to bring the Stanley circle and Hartlib network together. The second section looks at Milton's sonnets in the mid-1640s and examines in particular how Milton's anti-Presbyterianism in these sonnets is accompanied by a softening attitude towards the Cavalier culture that he previously attacked. There is an extended reading of Milton's sonnet to his old Cavalier friend, the musician Henry Lawes. The third section traces the development of both Hall's Parliamentarianism and his anti-Presbyterianism.Less
This chapter focuses initially on John Hall of Durham, who had been under Stanley's patronage since 1642 and was a key member of his London literary group. Hall was also an avid reader of Milton's prose and an associate of the educational reformer and intelligencer Samuel Hartlib, who regarded the dissolution of the court as an opportunity to reform learning in England. The first section of the chapter examines Hall's correspondence with Hartlib and his (failed) effort to bring the Stanley circle and Hartlib network together. The second section looks at Milton's sonnets in the mid-1640s and examines in particular how Milton's anti-Presbyterianism in these sonnets is accompanied by a softening attitude towards the Cavalier culture that he previously attacked. There is an extended reading of Milton's sonnet to his old Cavalier friend, the musician Henry Lawes. The third section traces the development of both Hall's Parliamentarianism and his anti-Presbyterianism.
Ruth Savage (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199227044
- eISBN:
- 9780191739309
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199227044.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion
These studies explore themes and issues relating to religion, philosophy, and their interrelations, as they exercised British thinkers in the ‘long’ eighteenth century, while at the same time ...
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These studies explore themes and issues relating to religion, philosophy, and their interrelations, as they exercised British thinkers in the ‘long’ eighteenth century, while at the same time illustrating techniques of intellectual history in the early twenty-first century. They seek to further our understanding of the period when some of the most significant works in western philosophy were written, and of the influences that were then current, through fresh attention to primary sources. Some of the chapters are on individual persons or works, others on themes, but all demonstrate the breadth and diversity of philosophical thinking and its implications for reason and religious belief at a time of evolving theory and practice in science, politics, law, and theology. Influences to and from the Continent may also prove significant. The figures examined range from Locke and Hume to relatively little-known personalities who shed a different light on the intellectual environment of the time, such as Martin Clifford, Henry Scougal, Samuel Haliday, and Thomas Cooper. Others treated include John Toland, Bernard Mandeville, Francis Hutcheson, Joseph Butler, Henry Home (Lord Kames), Adam Smith, Joseph Priestley, Thomas Reid, and Dugald Stewart. New transcriptions of two pieces by Hume are included — a new letter illustrating his later attitude to politics, and his early essay on ethics and chivalry.Less
These studies explore themes and issues relating to religion, philosophy, and their interrelations, as they exercised British thinkers in the ‘long’ eighteenth century, while at the same time illustrating techniques of intellectual history in the early twenty-first century. They seek to further our understanding of the period when some of the most significant works in western philosophy were written, and of the influences that were then current, through fresh attention to primary sources. Some of the chapters are on individual persons or works, others on themes, but all demonstrate the breadth and diversity of philosophical thinking and its implications for reason and religious belief at a time of evolving theory and practice in science, politics, law, and theology. Influences to and from the Continent may also prove significant. The figures examined range from Locke and Hume to relatively little-known personalities who shed a different light on the intellectual environment of the time, such as Martin Clifford, Henry Scougal, Samuel Haliday, and Thomas Cooper. Others treated include John Toland, Bernard Mandeville, Francis Hutcheson, Joseph Butler, Henry Home (Lord Kames), Adam Smith, Joseph Priestley, Thomas Reid, and Dugald Stewart. New transcriptions of two pieces by Hume are included — a new letter illustrating his later attitude to politics, and his early essay on ethics and chivalry.
Daniel Ritchie
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781786941282
- eISBN:
- 9781789629149
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781786941282.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This book reconsiders the career of an important, controversial, but neglected figure in this history of Irish Presbyterianism. The Revd Isaac Nelson is mostly remembered for his opposition to the ...
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This book reconsiders the career of an important, controversial, but neglected figure in this history of Irish Presbyterianism. The Revd Isaac Nelson is mostly remembered for his opposition to the evangelical revival of 1859, but this book demonstrates that there was much more to Nelson’s career. Nelson started out as a protégé of Henry Cooke and as an exemplary young evangelical minister. Upon aligning himself with the Belfast Anti-Slavery Society and joining forces with American abolitionists such as Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison, Nelson emerged as a powerful voice against compromise with slaveholders. One of the central objectives of this book is to show that anti-slavery, especially his involvement with the ‘Send Back the Money’ controversy in the Free Church of Scotland and the debate over fellowship with slaveholders at the Evangelical Alliance, was crucially important to the development of Nelson into one of Irish Presbyterianism’s most controversial figures. His later opposition to the 1859 Revival has often been understood as being indicative of Nelson’s opposition to evangelicalism. This book argues that such a conclusion is mistaken and that Nelson opposed the Revival as a Presbyterian evangelical. His later involvement with the Land League and the Irish Home Rule movement, including his tenure as the Member of Parliament for County Mayo, could be easily dismissed as an entirely discreditable affair. While avoiding romantic nostalgia in relation to Nelson’s nationalism, this book argues that Nelson’s basis for advocating Home Rule was not as peculiar as it might first appear.Less
This book reconsiders the career of an important, controversial, but neglected figure in this history of Irish Presbyterianism. The Revd Isaac Nelson is mostly remembered for his opposition to the evangelical revival of 1859, but this book demonstrates that there was much more to Nelson’s career. Nelson started out as a protégé of Henry Cooke and as an exemplary young evangelical minister. Upon aligning himself with the Belfast Anti-Slavery Society and joining forces with American abolitionists such as Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison, Nelson emerged as a powerful voice against compromise with slaveholders. One of the central objectives of this book is to show that anti-slavery, especially his involvement with the ‘Send Back the Money’ controversy in the Free Church of Scotland and the debate over fellowship with slaveholders at the Evangelical Alliance, was crucially important to the development of Nelson into one of Irish Presbyterianism’s most controversial figures. His later opposition to the 1859 Revival has often been understood as being indicative of Nelson’s opposition to evangelicalism. This book argues that such a conclusion is mistaken and that Nelson opposed the Revival as a Presbyterian evangelical. His later involvement with the Land League and the Irish Home Rule movement, including his tenure as the Member of Parliament for County Mayo, could be easily dismissed as an entirely discreditable affair. While avoiding romantic nostalgia in relation to Nelson’s nationalism, this book argues that Nelson’s basis for advocating Home Rule was not as peculiar as it might first appear.
Patrick Mitchel
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199256150
- eISBN:
- 9780191602115
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199256152.003.0010
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
In a context of continuing nationalist conflict in a post-Good Friday Agreement (GFA) era, a challenge for Ulster evangelicals is how can they live up to their calling to be ‘Bible people’ and ...
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In a context of continuing nationalist conflict in a post-Good Friday Agreement (GFA) era, a challenge for Ulster evangelicals is how can they live up to their calling to be ‘Bible people’ and ‘Gospel people’. This will entail achieving a healthy balance of ‘distance’ and ‘belonging’ at three levels—political, theological, and relational. At each level, a stark dichotomy is evident between ‘closed’ and ‘open’ evangelicalism. The main reason for this is that closed evangelicalism has substituted nationalism as its core belief system and used religion to reinforce and justify nationalist objectives. However, while traditional ‘closed’ evangelical ideology historically has been the glue holding unionism together, the emerging presence from ‘within the camp’ of open evangelicalism may be the source of one of its most profound critiques.Less
In a context of continuing nationalist conflict in a post-Good Friday Agreement (GFA) era, a challenge for Ulster evangelicals is how can they live up to their calling to be ‘Bible people’ and ‘Gospel people’. This will entail achieving a healthy balance of ‘distance’ and ‘belonging’ at three levels—political, theological, and relational. At each level, a stark dichotomy is evident between ‘closed’ and ‘open’ evangelicalism. The main reason for this is that closed evangelicalism has substituted nationalism as its core belief system and used religion to reinforce and justify nationalist objectives. However, while traditional ‘closed’ evangelical ideology historically has been the glue holding unionism together, the emerging presence from ‘within the camp’ of open evangelicalism may be the source of one of its most profound critiques.
David George Mullan
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198269977
- eISBN:
- 9780191600715
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198269978.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
Though Puritanism was a piety intended very much for the laity, the clergy remained central to the practice and thinking of the movement. Scottish Presbyterians, in particular, formed a tightly knit ...
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Though Puritanism was a piety intended very much for the laity, the clergy remained central to the practice and thinking of the movement. Scottish Presbyterians, in particular, formed a tightly knit community that studied together, worked together, prayed together, married into godly families including each others’, and engaged in a monumental struggle against the Episcopal and liturgical agendas of the early Stewart monarchs. For some of these men, it was the Five Articles of Perth (1618) that galvanized their religious commitment to Presbyterianism, but it remains that most members of the episcopate up to 1638 were, polity apart, Puritans as well.Less
Though Puritanism was a piety intended very much for the laity, the clergy remained central to the practice and thinking of the movement. Scottish Presbyterians, in particular, formed a tightly knit community that studied together, worked together, prayed together, married into godly families including each others’, and engaged in a monumental struggle against the Episcopal and liturgical agendas of the early Stewart monarchs. For some of these men, it was the Five Articles of Perth (1618) that galvanized their religious commitment to Presbyterianism, but it remains that most members of the episcopate up to 1638 were, polity apart, Puritans as well.
Rowan Strong
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199249220
- eISBN:
- 9780191600760
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199249229.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
The authenticity of an indigenous Scottish Episcopalianism is argued for in this chapter, using the debates around the Eucharistic liturgy known as the Scottish Communion Office. This liturgy ...
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The authenticity of an indigenous Scottish Episcopalianism is argued for in this chapter, using the debates around the Eucharistic liturgy known as the Scottish Communion Office. This liturgy developed in the eighteenth century as a genuine Scottish variant of the liturgy in the Book of Common Prayer. It was disliked by some clergy and laity, Scots and English, for its High Church theology and its distinctiveness from the Church of England. It was upheld by Scots, clergy and laity, who were steeped in the traditions of the nonjuring Episcopalianism of the eighteenth century. These fought a rearguard action against its abolition throughout the nineteenth century and can be identified as maintaining native Scottish religious traditions that were a departure from the Calvinism and Presbyterianism that all too often are what Scottish national identity is reduced to in its religious form.Less
The authenticity of an indigenous Scottish Episcopalianism is argued for in this chapter, using the debates around the Eucharistic liturgy known as the Scottish Communion Office. This liturgy developed in the eighteenth century as a genuine Scottish variant of the liturgy in the Book of Common Prayer. It was disliked by some clergy and laity, Scots and English, for its High Church theology and its distinctiveness from the Church of England. It was upheld by Scots, clergy and laity, who were steeped in the traditions of the nonjuring Episcopalianism of the eighteenth century. These fought a rearguard action against its abolition throughout the nineteenth century and can be identified as maintaining native Scottish religious traditions that were a departure from the Calvinism and Presbyterianism that all too often are what Scottish national identity is reduced to in its religious form.
A. D. G. Steers
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199227044
- eISBN:
- 9780191739309
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199227044.003.0007
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion
Samuel Haliday, an Ulster-Scots Presbyterian minister, was a leader of the non-subscription movement in the controversy over the Westminster Confession after his settlement in Belfast in 1720. ...
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Samuel Haliday, an Ulster-Scots Presbyterian minister, was a leader of the non-subscription movement in the controversy over the Westminster Confession after his settlement in Belfast in 1720. Originally Glasgow-trained, he studied from 1705 to 1708 at Leiden and Basel universities and the Academy of Geneva, where he encountered a movement towards toleration and liberty of judgement amongst those committed to seemingly conflicting theologies. He would also find a more philosophical approach to natural theology than he had known at home. In 1708 he became chaplain to a Scots regiment on the continent. After the peace of 1713 he was retained part-time, taking leave during which he was a lobbyist for the Church of Scotland in London, where he was also a liaison between the Kirk, English and Irish dissenters, and the Anglican Church. He retained contact with friends in Switzerland, such as Jean-Alphonse Turrettini, who were seeking a principled basis on which to found pan-Protestant unity and espoused an ‘enlightened orthodoxy’ that dispensed with subscription to extra-biblical confessions. Haliday’s career links English and Irish dissent with a significant current in European ProtestantismLess
Samuel Haliday, an Ulster-Scots Presbyterian minister, was a leader of the non-subscription movement in the controversy over the Westminster Confession after his settlement in Belfast in 1720. Originally Glasgow-trained, he studied from 1705 to 1708 at Leiden and Basel universities and the Academy of Geneva, where he encountered a movement towards toleration and liberty of judgement amongst those committed to seemingly conflicting theologies. He would also find a more philosophical approach to natural theology than he had known at home. In 1708 he became chaplain to a Scots regiment on the continent. After the peace of 1713 he was retained part-time, taking leave during which he was a lobbyist for the Church of Scotland in London, where he was also a liaison between the Kirk, English and Irish dissenters, and the Anglican Church. He retained contact with friends in Switzerland, such as Jean-Alphonse Turrettini, who were seeking a principled basis on which to found pan-Protestant unity and espoused an ‘enlightened orthodoxy’ that dispensed with subscription to extra-biblical confessions. Haliday’s career links English and Irish dissent with a significant current in European Protestantism
James Moore
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199227044
- eISBN:
- 9780191739309
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199227044.003.0008
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion
This chapter examines Hutcheson’s ideas of rights and prudence in the context of debated issues of church government in early eighteenth-century Ireland and Scotland. He agreed with ministers in ...
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This chapter examines Hutcheson’s ideas of rights and prudence in the context of debated issues of church government in early eighteenth-century Ireland and Scotland. He agreed with ministers in northern Ireland who refused to subscribe to the Westminster Confession of Faith: he thought that every individual should enjoy the right of private judgement in matters of religious belief. And he argued in response to concerns expressed by his father, John Hutcheson, that determination of the form of church government must be left to human prudence. He endorsed an initiative within the Church of Scotland that ministers should be called by landed gentlemen or by magistrates, not by congregations who might call ministers who would insist on subscription to confessions and creeds. True religion could be best achieved by prudence and by respect for the right of private judgement.Less
This chapter examines Hutcheson’s ideas of rights and prudence in the context of debated issues of church government in early eighteenth-century Ireland and Scotland. He agreed with ministers in northern Ireland who refused to subscribe to the Westminster Confession of Faith: he thought that every individual should enjoy the right of private judgement in matters of religious belief. And he argued in response to concerns expressed by his father, John Hutcheson, that determination of the form of church government must be left to human prudence. He endorsed an initiative within the Church of Scotland that ministers should be called by landed gentlemen or by magistrates, not by congregations who might call ministers who would insist on subscription to confessions and creeds. True religion could be best achieved by prudence and by respect for the right of private judgement.
Ann Hughes
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199251926
- eISBN:
- 9780191719042
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199251926.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature
This book is a study of Thomas Edwards’s Gangraena, an intemperate, comprehensive attack on religious radicalism and religious toleration, published in three parts in 1646. It explores the place of ...
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This book is a study of Thomas Edwards’s Gangraena, an intemperate, comprehensive attack on religious radicalism and religious toleration, published in three parts in 1646. It explores the place of Gangraena within traditions of writing about heresy, and outlines the ways in which Edwards persistently smeared respectable Independents by associating them with more radical sectaries. Analysis of Edwards’s place within London Presbyterianism reveals the networks that enabled him to compile his book, and the accuracy of his accounts of religious divisions in London and beyond is assessed. The book discusses how Gangraena was produced and circulated, and shows how important it was within the print culture of the English Revolution — a struggle to which print was crucial. The various ways in which readers — contemporary and later — responded to the Edwards’s books are elucidated. The part played by Gangraena’s vivid polemic in encouraging polarization on the Parliament’s side as parliamentarians became divided over church government and political settlement once the civil war was won is highlighted, with particular emphasis on its connections with Presbyterian mobilizations and campaigns in London, and on the ways in which it encouraged hostility to the New Model Army. Readings of Gangraena from the later 17th century to the 20th century are covered in the final chapter.Less
This book is a study of Thomas Edwards’s Gangraena, an intemperate, comprehensive attack on religious radicalism and religious toleration, published in three parts in 1646. It explores the place of Gangraena within traditions of writing about heresy, and outlines the ways in which Edwards persistently smeared respectable Independents by associating them with more radical sectaries. Analysis of Edwards’s place within London Presbyterianism reveals the networks that enabled him to compile his book, and the accuracy of his accounts of religious divisions in London and beyond is assessed. The book discusses how Gangraena was produced and circulated, and shows how important it was within the print culture of the English Revolution — a struggle to which print was crucial. The various ways in which readers — contemporary and later — responded to the Edwards’s books are elucidated. The part played by Gangraena’s vivid polemic in encouraging polarization on the Parliament’s side as parliamentarians became divided over church government and political settlement once the civil war was won is highlighted, with particular emphasis on its connections with Presbyterian mobilizations and campaigns in London, and on the ways in which it encouraged hostility to the New Model Army. Readings of Gangraena from the later 17th century to the 20th century are covered in the final chapter.
Hunter Powell
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719096341
- eISBN:
- 9781781708811
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719096341.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This book seeks to bring coherence to two of the most studied periods in British history, Caroline non-conformity (pre-1640) and the British revolution (post-1642). It does so by focusing on the ...
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This book seeks to bring coherence to two of the most studied periods in British history, Caroline non-conformity (pre-1640) and the British revolution (post-1642). It does so by focusing on the pivotal years of 1638-1644 where debates around non-conformity within the Church of England morphed into a revolution between Parliament and its king. Parliament, saddled with the responsibility of re-defining England’s church, called its Westminster assembly of divines to debate and define the content and boundaries of that new church. Typically this period has been studied as either an ecclesiastical power struggle between Presbyterians and independents, or as the harbingers of modern religious toleration. This book challenges those assumptions and provides and entirely new framework for understanding one of the most important moments in British history.Less
This book seeks to bring coherence to two of the most studied periods in British history, Caroline non-conformity (pre-1640) and the British revolution (post-1642). It does so by focusing on the pivotal years of 1638-1644 where debates around non-conformity within the Church of England morphed into a revolution between Parliament and its king. Parliament, saddled with the responsibility of re-defining England’s church, called its Westminster assembly of divines to debate and define the content and boundaries of that new church. Typically this period has been studied as either an ecclesiastical power struggle between Presbyterians and independents, or as the harbingers of modern religious toleration. This book challenges those assumptions and provides and entirely new framework for understanding one of the most important moments in British history.
Alan Ford
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199274444
- eISBN:
- 9780191706417
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199274444.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter traces the intellectual formation of Ussher at Trinity College Dublin, following the early impact of Ramism, and examining the puritan, even presbyterian nature of the College. Rather ...
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This chapter traces the intellectual formation of Ussher at Trinity College Dublin, following the early impact of Ramism, and examining the puritan, even presbyterian nature of the College. Rather than seeing Trinity in narrow sectarian terms, it is argued that the College and Ussher were part of a broadly-based Calvinist church, which embraced puritans and presbyterians, and focused their energies not on internal disagreement, but on countering the theological threat of Catholicism.Less
This chapter traces the intellectual formation of Ussher at Trinity College Dublin, following the early impact of Ramism, and examining the puritan, even presbyterian nature of the College. Rather than seeing Trinity in narrow sectarian terms, it is argued that the College and Ussher were part of a broadly-based Calvinist church, which embraced puritans and presbyterians, and focused their energies not on internal disagreement, but on countering the theological threat of Catholicism.
Alan Ford
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199274444
- eISBN:
- 9780191706417
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199274444.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
On 29 January 1625, James Ussher was appointed Archbishop of Armagh. Initially, he spent much of his time in England, where he was sucked in to the controversy surrounding Richard Montagu and the ...
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On 29 January 1625, James Ussher was appointed Archbishop of Armagh. Initially, he spent much of his time in England, where he was sucked in to the controversy surrounding Richard Montagu and the rise of ‘Arminianism’. Ussher made his opposition to Montagu plain, preaching an outspoken sermon before the King in 1626 attacking the toleration of such views. When he returned to Ireland he continued the fight, albeit rather obliquely, by publishing in 1631 a Latin history of the 9th-century monk Gottschalk of Orbais, who had been persecuted for his firm predestinarian views. Ussher launched a more direct attack on official policy in 1627, when he and two of his fellow Irish bishops preached publicly against the ‘Graces’ — particularly the proposal to grant toleration to Catholics. The evangelical success of presbyterian clergy within in north-east Ulster — some of whom had been accommodated within the Church of Ireland by tolerant bishops — led to further pressure upon the modus vivendi, which had been reached between nonconformists and the Church of Ireland in the early 17th century, as Henry Leslie, the Dean of Down, pressed for firm action to be taken against them by Ussher and the Irish authorities.Less
On 29 January 1625, James Ussher was appointed Archbishop of Armagh. Initially, he spent much of his time in England, where he was sucked in to the controversy surrounding Richard Montagu and the rise of ‘Arminianism’. Ussher made his opposition to Montagu plain, preaching an outspoken sermon before the King in 1626 attacking the toleration of such views. When he returned to Ireland he continued the fight, albeit rather obliquely, by publishing in 1631 a Latin history of the 9th-century monk Gottschalk of Orbais, who had been persecuted for his firm predestinarian views. Ussher launched a more direct attack on official policy in 1627, when he and two of his fellow Irish bishops preached publicly against the ‘Graces’ — particularly the proposal to grant toleration to Catholics. The evangelical success of presbyterian clergy within in north-east Ulster — some of whom had been accommodated within the Church of Ireland by tolerant bishops — led to further pressure upon the modus vivendi, which had been reached between nonconformists and the Church of Ireland in the early 17th century, as Henry Leslie, the Dean of Down, pressed for firm action to be taken against them by Ussher and the Irish authorities.
I. R. Mcbride
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206422
- eISBN:
- 9780191677113
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206422.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Political History
This chapter examines the reign of the so-called New Light Presbyterianism in Ireland during the 18th century. It traces the progress of the New Light from its origins in the 1720s to its triumph in ...
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This chapter examines the reign of the so-called New Light Presbyterianism in Ireland during the 18th century. It traces the progress of the New Light from its origins in the 1720s to its triumph in the late 18th century. It argues that the preoccupation of many historians with the Trinitarian debate has obscured a diverse and often confused range of beliefs. It contends that though there is no clear-cut relationship between theology and social status, the distribution of New Light sentiment corresponded loosely to economic and geographical divisions within the north of Ireland.Less
This chapter examines the reign of the so-called New Light Presbyterianism in Ireland during the 18th century. It traces the progress of the New Light from its origins in the 1720s to its triumph in the late 18th century. It argues that the preoccupation of many historians with the Trinitarian debate has obscured a diverse and often confused range of beliefs. It contends that though there is no clear-cut relationship between theology and social status, the distribution of New Light sentiment corresponded loosely to economic and geographical divisions within the north of Ireland.
I. R. Mcbride
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206422
- eISBN:
- 9780191677113
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206422.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Political History
This chapter deals with the history of the Seceding and Covenanting Sects of Presbyterianism in Ireland during the 18th century. It examines their distinctive teachings, their organizational ...
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This chapter deals with the history of the Seceding and Covenanting Sects of Presbyterianism in Ireland during the 18th century. It examines their distinctive teachings, their organizational development, and their success in detaching communicants from the Synod of Ulster. It explores the origins of the Covenanting and Seceding traditions and their political theology. It explains that the covenanters sought to adapt the biblical Covenants to the contemporary situation while the Seceders fell back on the familiar passages that emphasized the necessity of obedience.Less
This chapter deals with the history of the Seceding and Covenanting Sects of Presbyterianism in Ireland during the 18th century. It examines their distinctive teachings, their organizational development, and their success in detaching communicants from the Synod of Ulster. It explores the origins of the Covenanting and Seceding traditions and their political theology. It explains that the covenanters sought to adapt the biblical Covenants to the contemporary situation while the Seceders fell back on the familiar passages that emphasized the necessity of obedience.
Nigel Leask
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199572618
- eISBN:
- 9780191722974
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199572618.003.0007
- Subject:
- Literature, Poetry, 18th-century Literature
This chapter turns to religion, finding in Burns's Kirk satires and related poems manifestations of the poet's satirical genius at its closest rapprochement with the spirit of enlightenment. As well ...
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This chapter turns to religion, finding in Burns's Kirk satires and related poems manifestations of the poet's satirical genius at its closest rapprochement with the spirit of enlightenment. As well as studying Burns's devastating attack on orthodox Calvinism in ‘Holy Willie's Prayer’ and related poems, the chapter also addresses his views of popular superstition in ‘The Holy Fair’ and ‘Address to the Deil’. Burns's attack on popular Calvinism went down well with the enlightened literati of Edinburgh, and is also evident in his ‘dialectics of enlightenment’ in ‘The Brigs of Ayr’, studied in a concluding section.Less
This chapter turns to religion, finding in Burns's Kirk satires and related poems manifestations of the poet's satirical genius at its closest rapprochement with the spirit of enlightenment. As well as studying Burns's devastating attack on orthodox Calvinism in ‘Holy Willie's Prayer’ and related poems, the chapter also addresses his views of popular superstition in ‘The Holy Fair’ and ‘Address to the Deil’. Burns's attack on popular Calvinism went down well with the enlightened literati of Edinburgh, and is also evident in his ‘dialectics of enlightenment’ in ‘The Brigs of Ayr’, studied in a concluding section.
Blair Worden
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199230822
- eISBN:
- 9780191696480
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199230822.003.0011
- Subject:
- Literature, 17th-century and Restoration Literature, Milton Studies
John Milton and Marchamont Nedham agreed that Pride's Purge and the regicide, the emergency measures, had delivered England from a return to tyranny. So long as the royalist military threat survived, ...
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John Milton and Marchamont Nedham agreed that Pride's Purge and the regicide, the emergency measures, had delivered England from a return to tyranny. So long as the royalist military threat survived, Nedham's propaganda was mainly negative. It had more to say about the evils of royalism and Presbyterianism than about the virtues of kingless rule. Yet the concluding chapter of The Case of the Commonwealth in May 1650, a work published when the morale of the government was at its lowest point and when the regime was desperate for survival, departed from that policy and supplied his adventurous ‘discourse of the excellency of a free state above a kingly government’. By the time of the Battle of Worcester he had, on the same subject, a book or series of essays up his sleeve.Less
John Milton and Marchamont Nedham agreed that Pride's Purge and the regicide, the emergency measures, had delivered England from a return to tyranny. So long as the royalist military threat survived, Nedham's propaganda was mainly negative. It had more to say about the evils of royalism and Presbyterianism than about the virtues of kingless rule. Yet the concluding chapter of The Case of the Commonwealth in May 1650, a work published when the morale of the government was at its lowest point and when the regime was desperate for survival, departed from that policy and supplied his adventurous ‘discourse of the excellency of a free state above a kingly government’. By the time of the Battle of Worcester he had, on the same subject, a book or series of essays up his sleeve.
