Irwin Epstein
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195335521
- eISBN:
- 9780199777433
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195335521.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
Clinical data-mining (CDM) involves the conceptualization, extraction, analysis, and interpretation of available clinical data for practice knowledge-building, clinical decision-making, and ...
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Clinical data-mining (CDM) involves the conceptualization, extraction, analysis, and interpretation of available clinical data for practice knowledge-building, clinical decision-making, and practitioner reflection. Depending upon the type of data mined, CDM can be qualitative or quantitative; it is generally retrospective, but may be meaningfully combined with original data collection. Any research method that relies on the contents of case records or information systems data inevitably has limitations, but with proper safeguards these can be minimized. Among CDM's strengths however, are that it is unobtrusive, inexpensive, presents little risk to research subjects, and is ethically compatible with practitioner value commitments. When conducted by practitioners, CDM yields conceptual as well as data-driven insight into their own practice- and program-generated questions. This book covers all the basics of conducting practitioner-initiated CDM studies or CDM doctoral dissertations, drawing extensively on published CDM studies and completed CDM dissertations from multiple social work settings in the United States, Australia, Israel, Hong Kong, and the United Kingdom. In addition, it describes consulting principles to help with forging collaborative university-agency CDM partnerships.Less
Clinical data-mining (CDM) involves the conceptualization, extraction, analysis, and interpretation of available clinical data for practice knowledge-building, clinical decision-making, and practitioner reflection. Depending upon the type of data mined, CDM can be qualitative or quantitative; it is generally retrospective, but may be meaningfully combined with original data collection. Any research method that relies on the contents of case records or information systems data inevitably has limitations, but with proper safeguards these can be minimized. Among CDM's strengths however, are that it is unobtrusive, inexpensive, presents little risk to research subjects, and is ethically compatible with practitioner value commitments. When conducted by practitioners, CDM yields conceptual as well as data-driven insight into their own practice- and program-generated questions. This book covers all the basics of conducting practitioner-initiated CDM studies or CDM doctoral dissertations, drawing extensively on published CDM studies and completed CDM dissertations from multiple social work settings in the United States, Australia, Israel, Hong Kong, and the United Kingdom. In addition, it describes consulting principles to help with forging collaborative university-agency CDM partnerships.
Yossi Beilin
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199275359
- eISBN:
- 9780191603686
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199275351.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Beilin was a former chief negotiator for the Israeli government in the Oslo process at Camp David and Taba. He brings a valuable contribution to this volume as a practitioner and political scientist ...
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Beilin was a former chief negotiator for the Israeli government in the Oslo process at Camp David and Taba. He brings a valuable contribution to this volume as a practitioner and political scientist involved directly in conflict negotiations. After fulfilling his post as the Minister of Justice for the Israeli government, he became one of the lead Israeli representatives in the Geneva Accord negotiations. In this sceptical work, Beilin points to the possible dangers of speaking about the combined concepts of justice and peace, believing that there cannot be one without the other. Peace treaties have often been signed and implemented by the victors of conflict, but have left the population on either side out of the determinations of justice. Beilin presents a history filled with examples in which political leaders have bypassed opportunities for peace because they did not deem the conditions just, and thus perpetuated conflict with untold costs.Less
Beilin was a former chief negotiator for the Israeli government in the Oslo process at Camp David and Taba. He brings a valuable contribution to this volume as a practitioner and political scientist involved directly in conflict negotiations. After fulfilling his post as the Minister of Justice for the Israeli government, he became one of the lead Israeli representatives in the Geneva Accord negotiations. In this sceptical work, Beilin points to the possible dangers of speaking about the combined concepts of justice and peace, believing that there cannot be one without the other. Peace treaties have often been signed and implemented by the victors of conflict, but have left the population on either side out of the determinations of justice. Beilin presents a history filled with examples in which political leaders have bypassed opportunities for peace because they did not deem the conditions just, and thus perpetuated conflict with untold costs.
Caroline Humfress
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198208419
- eISBN:
- 9780191716966
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208419.003.011
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
This concluding chapter presents a synthesis of discussions in the preceding chapters. In late antiquity, practitioners of forensic rhetoric were trained in how to handle general legal principles and ...
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This concluding chapter presents a synthesis of discussions in the preceding chapters. In late antiquity, practitioners of forensic rhetoric were trained in how to handle general legal principles and imperial constitutions. In other words, late Roman rhetorical schools, in both the East and the West, taught their pupils how to handle imperial legislation pragmatically, as a resource for influencing the outcome of disputes, rather than a canon for deciding them. The duty of the late Roman advocate, and indeed the iurisperitus employed in private cases, lay in exploiting the dialectic between any relevant ‘normative’ rule and its concrete application, in favour of their client's case. Thus, within the technical branch of ancient rhetoric, ‘laws’ were already held to exist within a domain of rhetorical argumentation. What emerges from this perspective is not the ‘intellectual inferiority’ of late Roman law, but the creativity and ingenuity of late Roman forensic practitioners.Less
This concluding chapter presents a synthesis of discussions in the preceding chapters. In late antiquity, practitioners of forensic rhetoric were trained in how to handle general legal principles and imperial constitutions. In other words, late Roman rhetorical schools, in both the East and the West, taught their pupils how to handle imperial legislation pragmatically, as a resource for influencing the outcome of disputes, rather than a canon for deciding them. The duty of the late Roman advocate, and indeed the iurisperitus employed in private cases, lay in exploiting the dialectic between any relevant ‘normative’ rule and its concrete application, in favour of their client's case. Thus, within the technical branch of ancient rhetoric, ‘laws’ were already held to exist within a domain of rhetorical argumentation. What emerges from this perspective is not the ‘intellectual inferiority’ of late Roman law, but the creativity and ingenuity of late Roman forensic practitioners.
June McDaniel
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195167900
- eISBN:
- 9780199849970
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195167900.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Hinduism
This book provides an overview of Bengali goddess worship or Shakti. The book identifies three major forms of goddess worship, and examines each through its myths, folklore, songs, rituals, sacred ...
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This book provides an overview of Bengali goddess worship or Shakti. The book identifies three major forms of goddess worship, and examines each through its myths, folklore, songs, rituals, sacred texts, and practitioners. Drawing on years of fieldwork and extensive research, the book paints a portrait of this religious tradition.Less
This book provides an overview of Bengali goddess worship or Shakti. The book identifies three major forms of goddess worship, and examines each through its myths, folklore, songs, rituals, sacred texts, and practitioners. Drawing on years of fieldwork and extensive research, the book paints a portrait of this religious tradition.
Jaap Paauwe
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199273904
- eISBN:
- 9780191699726
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199273904.003.0010
- Subject:
- Business and Management, HRM / IR, Organization Studies
The theoretical model of the CBHRT — which includes factors such as industrial relations, strategy, human resource management, and performance — was proved to have value on the sectoral, individual ...
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The theoretical model of the CBHRT — which includes factors such as industrial relations, strategy, human resource management, and performance — was proved to have value on the sectoral, individual organization, and international comparative levels. In attempting to achieve the balance between social justice and competitiveness to further the uniqueness of HRM, this book has tried to illustrate some practical insights on HR roles and introduce the 4logic HRM scorecard. Research and development in the area of HRM and performance carries on as this proves to be a relevant topic for enchancing the competitive advantage of firms. HRM is concerned with several issues regarding legitimacy, fairness, sustainability, and other such issues. This concluding chapter realizes that it takes a lot to study the factors that shape HRM practices and policies, and it is important for practitioners to consider a unique HRM approach that is appropriate for their respective organizations.Less
The theoretical model of the CBHRT — which includes factors such as industrial relations, strategy, human resource management, and performance — was proved to have value on the sectoral, individual organization, and international comparative levels. In attempting to achieve the balance between social justice and competitiveness to further the uniqueness of HRM, this book has tried to illustrate some practical insights on HR roles and introduce the 4logic HRM scorecard. Research and development in the area of HRM and performance carries on as this proves to be a relevant topic for enchancing the competitive advantage of firms. HRM is concerned with several issues regarding legitimacy, fairness, sustainability, and other such issues. This concluding chapter realizes that it takes a lot to study the factors that shape HRM practices and policies, and it is important for practitioners to consider a unique HRM approach that is appropriate for their respective organizations.
William A. Silverman
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780192630889
- eISBN:
- 9780191723568
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192630889.003.0040
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter presents a 1997 commentary on so-called medical ‘manners’. It argues that as the power of interventions increase, the moral strength of medicine may come to rely on its ‘professional ...
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This chapter presents a 1997 commentary on so-called medical ‘manners’. It argues that as the power of interventions increase, the moral strength of medicine may come to rely on its ‘professional manners’: the extent of self-restraint for the common good exercised by individual practitioners.Less
This chapter presents a 1997 commentary on so-called medical ‘manners’. It argues that as the power of interventions increase, the moral strength of medicine may come to rely on its ‘professional manners’: the extent of self-restraint for the common good exercised by individual practitioners.
Dale S. Wright
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195304671
- eISBN:
- 9780199866861
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195304671.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
The ritual dimension of the Zen tradition in East Asia took the particular shape that it did primarily by means of thorough absorption of two different cultural legacies in China, one—the Confucian ...
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The ritual dimension of the Zen tradition in East Asia took the particular shape that it did primarily by means of thorough absorption of two different cultural legacies in China, one—the Confucian —indigenous to China and one entering East Asia from India and Central Asia in the form of the Buddhist tradition, and influence Zen even today. The introduction places the Zen ritual tradition in relation to the growing interdisciplinary field of critical ritual studies. Relevant contemporary ritual theories include those that focus on the non‐intellectual dimensions of life, where the emotive and bodily dimension of learning and culture are given greater appreciation, and theories of ritual change that attempt to see how rituals tend to evolve over time without practitioners necessarily being aware of that transformation.Less
The ritual dimension of the Zen tradition in East Asia took the particular shape that it did primarily by means of thorough absorption of two different cultural legacies in China, one—the Confucian —indigenous to China and one entering East Asia from India and Central Asia in the form of the Buddhist tradition, and influence Zen even today. The introduction places the Zen ritual tradition in relation to the growing interdisciplinary field of critical ritual studies. Relevant contemporary ritual theories include those that focus on the non‐intellectual dimensions of life, where the emotive and bodily dimension of learning and culture are given greater appreciation, and theories of ritual change that attempt to see how rituals tend to evolve over time without practitioners necessarily being aware of that transformation.
James C. Raines
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195366266
- eISBN:
- 9780199864027
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195366266.003.0010
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Research and Evaluation
This chapter examines the systemic issues of implementing evidence-based practice in schools. The organizational change process provides insights into the cornerstones of change, the different types ...
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This chapter examines the systemic issues of implementing evidence-based practice in schools. The organizational change process provides insights into the cornerstones of change, the different types of implementation, and the different stages of implementation. There are four barriers to implementation. The first impediment is a lack of time. Three strategies include release time, use of interns, and focusing on prevention first. The second barrier is a lack of relevant information. Two solutions are increasing the relevancy of research for real world settings and improving practitioners' access to research. The third obstacle was the lack of technology skills and researcher-practitioner partnerships were suggested. The final roadblock was institutional issues. Four solutions include aligning the change to the school's vision, a qualitative focus on process issues encountered during dissemination, more attention to contextual influences in outcome evaluation, and more recognition of school staff that employ evidence-based practice.Less
This chapter examines the systemic issues of implementing evidence-based practice in schools. The organizational change process provides insights into the cornerstones of change, the different types of implementation, and the different stages of implementation. There are four barriers to implementation. The first impediment is a lack of time. Three strategies include release time, use of interns, and focusing on prevention first. The second barrier is a lack of relevant information. Two solutions are increasing the relevancy of research for real world settings and improving practitioners' access to research. The third obstacle was the lack of technology skills and researcher-practitioner partnerships were suggested. The final roadblock was institutional issues. Four solutions include aligning the change to the school's vision, a qualitative focus on process issues encountered during dissemination, more attention to contextual influences in outcome evaluation, and more recognition of school staff that employ evidence-based practice.
Sara Booth (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198530756
- eISBN:
- 9780191730481
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198530756.001.0001
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making
This is the fourth volume in an international, multi-contributed series aimed at providing practical, clinical guidance on how to deal with difficult symptoms related to specific cancer sites. In it, ...
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This is the fourth volume in an international, multi-contributed series aimed at providing practical, clinical guidance on how to deal with difficult symptoms related to specific cancer sites. In it, the editors bring together palliative care with oncological treatment for patients with advanced breast cancer. The book is presented in a user-friendly handbook format, with the use of tables and algorithms to ensure that it is portable, accessible, and can be read and referred to on, or before going to, the ward, or before a domiciliary visit. Specialists in palliative care and oncology settings, working in the acute sector and in hospices, will find the book useful. It will also appeal to consultants as well as specialist registrars, clinical nurse specialists, and nurse practitioners in palliative care and oncology. The Palliative Care Consultations series is primarily aimed at individuals working in an acute hospital cancer centre and/or tertiary referral centre. The books are designed to give the busy clinician advice on clinical problems, both those rarely encountered and those that are very common but difficult. The volumes are site-specific and each encompasses a review of oncological or haemato-oncological management of advanced disease with symptom-control advice.Less
This is the fourth volume in an international, multi-contributed series aimed at providing practical, clinical guidance on how to deal with difficult symptoms related to specific cancer sites. In it, the editors bring together palliative care with oncological treatment for patients with advanced breast cancer. The book is presented in a user-friendly handbook format, with the use of tables and algorithms to ensure that it is portable, accessible, and can be read and referred to on, or before going to, the ward, or before a domiciliary visit. Specialists in palliative care and oncology settings, working in the acute sector and in hospices, will find the book useful. It will also appeal to consultants as well as specialist registrars, clinical nurse specialists, and nurse practitioners in palliative care and oncology. The Palliative Care Consultations series is primarily aimed at individuals working in an acute hospital cancer centre and/or tertiary referral centre. The books are designed to give the busy clinician advice on clinical problems, both those rarely encountered and those that are very common but difficult. The volumes are site-specific and each encompasses a review of oncological or haemato-oncological management of advanced disease with symptom-control advice.
John Harris and Vicky White (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847420060
- eISBN:
- 9781447302827
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847420060.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
New Labour's modernisation agenda has produced an avalanche of change that has posed formidable challenges for everyone involved in social work, whether as service users, practitioners, or managers. ...
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New Labour's modernisation agenda has produced an avalanche of change that has posed formidable challenges for everyone involved in social work, whether as service users, practitioners, or managers. This book provides a radical appraisal of the far-reaching changes in their theoretical, historical, and policy contexts. It is organised into three sections that consider: the inter-relationship of modernisation and managerialism, modernisation's impact on service users, and the ways in which social workers and front-line managers seek to exercise professional discretion for the benefit of service users within a workplace culture of intensified scrutiny and control. Analysis of a range of key developments in all three areas reveals the modernisation agenda as complex and contested. The book's three sections cover the main issues of the modernisation agenda.Less
New Labour's modernisation agenda has produced an avalanche of change that has posed formidable challenges for everyone involved in social work, whether as service users, practitioners, or managers. This book provides a radical appraisal of the far-reaching changes in their theoretical, historical, and policy contexts. It is organised into three sections that consider: the inter-relationship of modernisation and managerialism, modernisation's impact on service users, and the ways in which social workers and front-line managers seek to exercise professional discretion for the benefit of service users within a workplace culture of intensified scrutiny and control. Analysis of a range of key developments in all three areas reveals the modernisation agenda as complex and contested. The book's three sections cover the main issues of the modernisation agenda.
Lisa Garcia Bedolla and Melissa R. Michelson
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300166781
- eISBN:
- 9780300167399
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300166781.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
Which get-out-the-vote efforts actually succeed in ethnoracial communities and why? Analyzing the results from hundreds of original experiments, this book offers a new theory to explain why some ...
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Which get-out-the-vote efforts actually succeed in ethnoracial communities and why? Analyzing the results from hundreds of original experiments, this book offers a new theory to explain why some methods work while others do not. Exploring and comparing a wide variety of efforts targeting ethnoracial voters, the authors present a new theoretical frame—the Social Cognition Model of voting, based on an individual's sense of civic identity—for understanding get-out-the-vote effectiveness. This book will serve as a useful guide for political practitioners, for it offers concrete strategies to employ in developing future mobilization efforts.Less
Which get-out-the-vote efforts actually succeed in ethnoracial communities and why? Analyzing the results from hundreds of original experiments, this book offers a new theory to explain why some methods work while others do not. Exploring and comparing a wide variety of efforts targeting ethnoracial voters, the authors present a new theoretical frame—the Social Cognition Model of voting, based on an individual's sense of civic identity—for understanding get-out-the-vote effectiveness. This book will serve as a useful guide for political practitioners, for it offers concrete strategies to employ in developing future mobilization efforts.
Steven Heine
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195135862
- eISBN:
- 9780199834297
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195135865.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
These koan cases include encounters with rivals within the Zen lineage as well as practitioners outside the monastic order, such as hermits, shamans, wizards, mind readers, and miracle workers, and ...
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These koan cases include encounters with rivals within the Zen lineage as well as practitioners outside the monastic order, such as hermits, shamans, wizards, mind readers, and miracle workers, and dangerous women including nuns and Zen grannies. Zen masters test their skills to show that they are more proficient than the irregular practitioners, who often gain a reputation for spiritual prowess.Less
These koan cases include encounters with rivals within the Zen lineage as well as practitioners outside the monastic order, such as hermits, shamans, wizards, mind readers, and miracle workers, and dangerous women including nuns and Zen grannies. Zen masters test their skills to show that they are more proficient than the irregular practitioners, who often gain a reputation for spiritual prowess.
Ross C. Brownson, Elizabeth A. Baker, Terry L. Leet, and Kathleen N. Gillespie (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195143768
- eISBN:
- 9780199865581
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195143768.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
Public health decisions are often based on short-term demands rather than long-term study, and policies and programs are sometimes developed from anecdotal evidence. To enhance evidence-based ...
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Public health decisions are often based on short-term demands rather than long-term study, and policies and programs are sometimes developed from anecdotal evidence. To enhance evidence-based practice, this book provides practical guidance on how to choose, carry out, and evaluate evidence-based programs and policies in public health settings. “Evidence” is central to our notion of justice, but is equally central to public health. In public health there are four principal user groups for evidence: public health practitioners with executive and managerial responsibilities; policy makers at local, regional, state, national, and international levels; key stakeholders including the public and interest groups; and researchers on population health issues. A step-by-step approach to compiling and assessing evidence of what works and what doesn't is explicated in this book. The book guides to how to use the results of search for evidence in developing program or policy options.Less
Public health decisions are often based on short-term demands rather than long-term study, and policies and programs are sometimes developed from anecdotal evidence. To enhance evidence-based practice, this book provides practical guidance on how to choose, carry out, and evaluate evidence-based programs and policies in public health settings. “Evidence” is central to our notion of justice, but is equally central to public health. In public health there are four principal user groups for evidence: public health practitioners with executive and managerial responsibilities; policy makers at local, regional, state, national, and international levels; key stakeholders including the public and interest groups; and researchers on population health issues. A step-by-step approach to compiling and assessing evidence of what works and what doesn't is explicated in this book. The book guides to how to use the results of search for evidence in developing program or policy options.
ALAN C. DESSEN
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263945
- eISBN:
- 9780191734038
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263945.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This chapter discusses the bases for the gap between Globe practitioners and the Shakespearean academic community and develops some implications. It attempts to recover a lost or blurred vocabulary ...
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This chapter discusses the bases for the gap between Globe practitioners and the Shakespearean academic community and develops some implications. It attempts to recover a lost or blurred vocabulary of the theatre. The discussion also includes two assumptions: that Shakespeare and his colleagues actually knew what they were doing, and that their methods and working assumptions were not being taken for granted more than four centuries later. It notes that there is a proposition for the play adaptations of Shakespeare's work to be approached as scripts designed to be staged, rather than as solely literary texts to be read.Less
This chapter discusses the bases for the gap between Globe practitioners and the Shakespearean academic community and develops some implications. It attempts to recover a lost or blurred vocabulary of the theatre. The discussion also includes two assumptions: that Shakespeare and his colleagues actually knew what they were doing, and that their methods and working assumptions were not being taken for granted more than four centuries later. It notes that there is a proposition for the play adaptations of Shakespeare's work to be approached as scripts designed to be staged, rather than as solely literary texts to be read.
Hannah Newton
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199650491
- eISBN:
- 9780191741647
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199650491.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter examines early modern perceptions of children’s bodies, minds, and diseases, from the viewpoints of doctors and laypeople. It argues that, contrary to common historiographical opinion, ...
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This chapter examines early modern perceptions of children’s bodies, minds, and diseases, from the viewpoints of doctors and laypeople. It argues that, contrary to common historiographical opinion, children were distinguished fundamentally from adults in this period: their bodies and brains were filled with moist and warm humours, which made them weaker than their elders, and vulnerable to a different set of diseases. Children were thus defined by their distinctive humours: all contemporary medical ideas about children were rooted in this ancient Galenic belief. This humoral understanding of children persisted over the course of the early modern period, and was embraced by physicians of diverse theoretical perspectives. The chapter is divided into two parts: the first part examines medical perceptions of children’s constitutions, bodies, and minds; the second section considers children’s diseases, discussing the causes of these maladies, and ideas about prognosis.Less
This chapter examines early modern perceptions of children’s bodies, minds, and diseases, from the viewpoints of doctors and laypeople. It argues that, contrary to common historiographical opinion, children were distinguished fundamentally from adults in this period: their bodies and brains were filled with moist and warm humours, which made them weaker than their elders, and vulnerable to a different set of diseases. Children were thus defined by their distinctive humours: all contemporary medical ideas about children were rooted in this ancient Galenic belief. This humoral understanding of children persisted over the course of the early modern period, and was embraced by physicians of diverse theoretical perspectives. The chapter is divided into two parts: the first part examines medical perceptions of children’s constitutions, bodies, and minds; the second section considers children’s diseases, discussing the causes of these maladies, and ideas about prognosis.
Caroline Humfress
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198208419
- eISBN:
- 9780191716966
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208419.003.002
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
This chapter discusses forensic practitioners and the development of Roman Law from the late Republic to the late Empire. It describes the interaction of forensic practitioners in court under the ...
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This chapter discusses forensic practitioners and the development of Roman Law from the late Republic to the late Empire. It describes the interaction of forensic practitioners in court under the classical formulary procedure, and highlights their contribution to the development of new substantive law.Less
This chapter discusses forensic practitioners and the development of Roman Law from the late Republic to the late Empire. It describes the interaction of forensic practitioners in court under the classical formulary procedure, and highlights their contribution to the development of new substantive law.
Robin Briggs
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198225829
- eISBN:
- 9780191708947
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198225829.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter focuses on the lives of individuals sometimes called ‘white witches’, men and women who formed part of a ragged and disorganized phenomenon which historians of early modern medicine now ...
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This chapter focuses on the lives of individuals sometimes called ‘white witches’, men and women who formed part of a ragged and disorganized phenomenon which historians of early modern medicine now call the ‘medical market-place’, an array of practitioners ranging from university-trained physicians to villagers credited with some modest gift for healing. Topics discussed include clergy, lawyer, and doctor involvement in cases; popular medical practitioners and devins; life stories of the six most active practitioners who were tried for witchcraft; the healer Nicolas Noel le Bragard; and magical healing and conceptions of illness.Less
This chapter focuses on the lives of individuals sometimes called ‘white witches’, men and women who formed part of a ragged and disorganized phenomenon which historians of early modern medicine now call the ‘medical market-place’, an array of practitioners ranging from university-trained physicians to villagers credited with some modest gift for healing. Topics discussed include clergy, lawyer, and doctor involvement in cases; popular medical practitioners and devins; life stories of the six most active practitioners who were tried for witchcraft; the healer Nicolas Noel le Bragard; and magical healing and conceptions of illness.
John Landers
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199279579
- eISBN:
- 9780191719448
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199279579.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Social History, Economic History
Technology involves a trinity of three distinct elements that we shall term ‘hardware’, ‘procedure’, and ‘personnel’. The first embraces the non-human physical objects involved, whether inanimate ...
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Technology involves a trinity of three distinct elements that we shall term ‘hardware’, ‘procedure’, and ‘personnel’. The first embraces the non-human physical objects involved, whether inanimate tools and machinery or agricultural crops and animals. Employing the hardware effectively required an appropriate body of procedure, consisting of relevant knowledge and practice that might be derived entirely from experience or contain a significant theoretical component. This in turn requires to be applied by practitioners with whatever training and experience is necessary, and this body of ‘personnel’ makes up the third element of any technological system. The main constraint on activity in organic economies was the limited supply of energy. The level and responsiveness of agricultural productivity constrained the possibilities for per capita output growth elsewhere in the economy and so overall growth depended very much on the progress of productivity in this one sector.Less
Technology involves a trinity of three distinct elements that we shall term ‘hardware’, ‘procedure’, and ‘personnel’. The first embraces the non-human physical objects involved, whether inanimate tools and machinery or agricultural crops and animals. Employing the hardware effectively required an appropriate body of procedure, consisting of relevant knowledge and practice that might be derived entirely from experience or contain a significant theoretical component. This in turn requires to be applied by practitioners with whatever training and experience is necessary, and this body of ‘personnel’ makes up the third element of any technological system. The main constraint on activity in organic economies was the limited supply of energy. The level and responsiveness of agricultural productivity constrained the possibilities for per capita output growth elsewhere in the economy and so overall growth depended very much on the progress of productivity in this one sector.
Sheilagh Ogilvie
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780691137544
- eISBN:
- 9780691185101
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691137544.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This chapter explores how guilds defined and enforced entitlement. A first entitlement sought by any guild was to decide who could practise certain economic activities. Every guild aimed to secure ...
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This chapter explores how guilds defined and enforced entitlement. A first entitlement sought by any guild was to decide who could practise certain economic activities. Every guild aimed to secure the exclusive right for its members to do specific kinds of work in a particular place. A guild also secured the right to decide who could gain admission to the guild “mysteries.” To enforce these privileges, guilds erected an elaborate array of entry barriers, making admission costly or impossible for any applicant who could not satisfy conditions relating to citizenship, ethnicity, religion, occupation, wealth, property, fees, marriage, age, legitimate birth, parental occupation, ancestral “purity,” reputation, or approval by existing guild members. By limiting the number of practitioners, guilds sought, in the words of the Burgdorf shoemakers' guild in 1785, “to create a better and surer livelihood for the remainder.”Less
This chapter explores how guilds defined and enforced entitlement. A first entitlement sought by any guild was to decide who could practise certain economic activities. Every guild aimed to secure the exclusive right for its members to do specific kinds of work in a particular place. A guild also secured the right to decide who could gain admission to the guild “mysteries.” To enforce these privileges, guilds erected an elaborate array of entry barriers, making admission costly or impossible for any applicant who could not satisfy conditions relating to citizenship, ethnicity, religion, occupation, wealth, property, fees, marriage, age, legitimate birth, parental occupation, ancestral “purity,” reputation, or approval by existing guild members. By limiting the number of practitioners, guilds sought, in the words of the Burgdorf shoemakers' guild in 1785, “to create a better and surer livelihood for the remainder.”
Michael Drury
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206750
- eISBN:
- 9780191677304
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206750.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter discusses the professional organizations that represented general practitioners and how all of these organizations were opposed to the National Health Service Bill when it was introduced ...
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This chapter discusses the professional organizations that represented general practitioners and how all of these organizations were opposed to the National Health Service Bill when it was introduced in March 1946. Some of the organizations that are discussed in this chapter are the General Medical Council and the Royal College of General Practitioners.Less
This chapter discusses the professional organizations that represented general practitioners and how all of these organizations were opposed to the National Health Service Bill when it was introduced in March 1946. Some of the organizations that are discussed in this chapter are the General Medical Council and the Royal College of General Practitioners.
