Johan P. Olsen
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199593934
- eISBN:
- 9780191594632
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199593934.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, European Union
Chapter 4 explores the processes through which institutions struggle for a place in the democratic order and how they achieve and lose primacy and autonomy. It attends to why it is difficult to find ...
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Chapter 4 explores the processes through which institutions struggle for a place in the democratic order and how they achieve and lose primacy and autonomy. It attends to why it is difficult to find a form of political organization that is perceived as normatively best and also sustainable, securing a stable equilibrium between central government and partly autonomous institutions. The analytical value of ‘autonomy’ as detachment from politics and the apolitical dynamics of change assumed by many New Public Management reforms are questioned, and the interplay between central authority and institutional autonomy is interpreted as an artefact of partly decoupled inter-institutional processes involving the struggle for power among interdependent and co-evolving institutions that are carriers of competing yet legitimate values, interests, behavioural logics, and resources. The issues are illustrated by the cases of public administration and the public university.Less
Chapter 4 explores the processes through which institutions struggle for a place in the democratic order and how they achieve and lose primacy and autonomy. It attends to why it is difficult to find a form of political organization that is perceived as normatively best and also sustainable, securing a stable equilibrium between central government and partly autonomous institutions. The analytical value of ‘autonomy’ as detachment from politics and the apolitical dynamics of change assumed by many New Public Management reforms are questioned, and the interplay between central authority and institutional autonomy is interpreted as an artefact of partly decoupled inter-institutional processes involving the struggle for power among interdependent and co-evolving institutions that are carriers of competing yet legitimate values, interests, behavioural logics, and resources. The issues are illustrated by the cases of public administration and the public university.
Tony Elger and Chris Smith
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199241514
- eISBN:
- 9780191714405
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199241514.003.0004
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business
This chapter develops a theoretical framework for analysing the character of transfer and innovation in the international company. This draws on labour process theory and institutionalist approaches ...
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This chapter develops a theoretical framework for analysing the character of transfer and innovation in the international company. This draws on labour process theory and institutionalist approaches to develop an analysis of system, society, and dominance effects as competing pressures on, and sources of diversity among, overseas manufacturing subsidiaries. The operations of these factories are influenced by such contextual features as corporate structures, sector dynamics, the local setting, and wider national institutions and traditions, but these features are themselves mediated and manipulated in power struggles between collective and individual agents at workplace level. Thus, changes in work and employment relations cannot be read off from existing organizational templates or external constraints, but involve tensions and contention between different groupings within management and between managers and workers. The implications of these arguments are drawn out by considering rival interpretations of the operations of overseas subsidiaries, as transplants, hybrids, or branch plants.Less
This chapter develops a theoretical framework for analysing the character of transfer and innovation in the international company. This draws on labour process theory and institutionalist approaches to develop an analysis of system, society, and dominance effects as competing pressures on, and sources of diversity among, overseas manufacturing subsidiaries. The operations of these factories are influenced by such contextual features as corporate structures, sector dynamics, the local setting, and wider national institutions and traditions, but these features are themselves mediated and manipulated in power struggles between collective and individual agents at workplace level. Thus, changes in work and employment relations cannot be read off from existing organizational templates or external constraints, but involve tensions and contention between different groupings within management and between managers and workers. The implications of these arguments are drawn out by considering rival interpretations of the operations of overseas subsidiaries, as transplants, hybrids, or branch plants.
Jesse Ferris
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691155142
- eISBN:
- 9781400845231
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691155142.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This chapter outlines the course of events from Syria's decision to secede from the United Arab Republic in September 1961 to Egypt's decision to intervene in the incipient civil war in Yemen exactly ...
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This chapter outlines the course of events from Syria's decision to secede from the United Arab Republic in September 1961 to Egypt's decision to intervene in the incipient civil war in Yemen exactly one year later. Sparked by humiliation at the Syrian secession, the intervention was the culmination of a decade of support for revolutionary movements on the Arabian Peninsula, which ultimately aimed at toppling the Saudi monarchy. The hastily made decision to send military forces to San‘ā’ was taken under the cloud of a power struggle within the Nasser regime, which carried serious consequences for military preparedness in June 1967.Less
This chapter outlines the course of events from Syria's decision to secede from the United Arab Republic in September 1961 to Egypt's decision to intervene in the incipient civil war in Yemen exactly one year later. Sparked by humiliation at the Syrian secession, the intervention was the culmination of a decade of support for revolutionary movements on the Arabian Peninsula, which ultimately aimed at toppling the Saudi monarchy. The hastily made decision to send military forces to San‘ā’ was taken under the cloud of a power struggle within the Nasser regime, which carried serious consequences for military preparedness in June 1967.
R. V COMERFORD
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199583744
- eISBN:
- 9780191702365
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199583744.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter examines the political distress and land war in Ireland during the period from 1877 to 1882. It discusses British Prime Minister William Gladstone's visit to Ireland in October 1877 to ...
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This chapter examines the political distress and land war in Ireland during the period from 1877 to 1882. It discusses British Prime Minister William Gladstone's visit to Ireland in October 1877 to reform his old Irish constituency, and the power struggle within the home rule party. The chapter highlights the formation of the land league and the incarceration of Charles Stewart Parnell, which had a positive impact on his political career and popularity. It also discusses the impact of the land war in defining and strengthening the sense of national identity.Less
This chapter examines the political distress and land war in Ireland during the period from 1877 to 1882. It discusses British Prime Minister William Gladstone's visit to Ireland in October 1877 to reform his old Irish constituency, and the power struggle within the home rule party. The chapter highlights the formation of the land league and the incarceration of Charles Stewart Parnell, which had a positive impact on his political career and popularity. It also discusses the impact of the land war in defining and strengthening the sense of national identity.
Timothy B. Weston
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520237674
- eISBN:
- 9780520929906
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520237674.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
The early history of Beijing University illuminates the struggle by intellectuals to reposition themselves after the collapse of the late-imperial Confucian order. The refashioning of Beida was a ...
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The early history of Beijing University illuminates the struggle by intellectuals to reposition themselves after the collapse of the late-imperial Confucian order. The refashioning of Beida was a gradual, difficult process that involved numerous internal power struggles in addition to countless battles against conservative forces outside the university. It is clear that Beida's vanguard tradition has led to horror and heroism, and that control over the university and its symbolically powerful history has been continuously contested. In spite of Beida's leadership role in 1989 the activism of that year did not carry over with much force into the following decade. If a self-styled heroic movement is to emerge from the university in the near term, it seems likely that it will draw more heavily from Beida's legacy of strident nationalism than from its equally important legacy of broad, independent-minded intellectual inquiry.Less
The early history of Beijing University illuminates the struggle by intellectuals to reposition themselves after the collapse of the late-imperial Confucian order. The refashioning of Beida was a gradual, difficult process that involved numerous internal power struggles in addition to countless battles against conservative forces outside the university. It is clear that Beida's vanguard tradition has led to horror and heroism, and that control over the university and its symbolically powerful history has been continuously contested. In spite of Beida's leadership role in 1989 the activism of that year did not carry over with much force into the following decade. If a self-styled heroic movement is to emerge from the university in the near term, it seems likely that it will draw more heavily from Beida's legacy of strident nationalism than from its equally important legacy of broad, independent-minded intellectual inquiry.
HANS VAN WEES
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199258109
- eISBN:
- 9780191717697
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199258109.003.0003
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, World History: BCE to 500CE
This chapter draws comparisons between the worlds of Theognis and the Mafia to highlight the culture of violent competition which they have in common. If Mafiosi, all engaged in fierce struggles for ...
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This chapter draws comparisons between the worlds of Theognis and the Mafia to highlight the culture of violent competition which they have in common. If Mafiosi, all engaged in fierce struggles for power and wealth can see themselves as paragons of virtue while accusing their rivals of unprincipled greed and violence. We need to look beyond Theognis' black-and-white imagery, and give full weight to the evidence which suggests that in his community violence and greed were structural phenomena rather than aberrations which could be blamed on ‘the bad men’. This conclusion should in turn alert us to the significance of other archaic evidence which attests to the prevalence of violent competition for power. It is in the nature of the surviving evidence that we hear most about the coups d' é tat and violent reigns of tyrants, but we should not assume that such men were exceptional in resorting to force. Poetry — notably the remainder of the Theognid corpus and the work of Alcaeus — and oral tradition both suggest that violent struggles among the élite were common and invariably involved groups of people going into exile or fighting their way back. In many parts of Greece, as in Megara, therefore, power and property must have changed hands constantly as it was abandoned, seized, and recovered.Less
This chapter draws comparisons between the worlds of Theognis and the Mafia to highlight the culture of violent competition which they have in common. If Mafiosi, all engaged in fierce struggles for power and wealth can see themselves as paragons of virtue while accusing their rivals of unprincipled greed and violence. We need to look beyond Theognis' black-and-white imagery, and give full weight to the evidence which suggests that in his community violence and greed were structural phenomena rather than aberrations which could be blamed on ‘the bad men’. This conclusion should in turn alert us to the significance of other archaic evidence which attests to the prevalence of violent competition for power. It is in the nature of the surviving evidence that we hear most about the coups d' é tat and violent reigns of tyrants, but we should not assume that such men were exceptional in resorting to force. Poetry — notably the remainder of the Theognid corpus and the work of Alcaeus — and oral tradition both suggest that violent struggles among the élite were common and invariably involved groups of people going into exile or fighting their way back. In many parts of Greece, as in Megara, therefore, power and property must have changed hands constantly as it was abandoned, seized, and recovered.
Brian Hamnett
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199695041
- eISBN:
- 9780191732164
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199695041.003.0010
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
One direction lay in the search for a departure from realism. Eliot in ‘Romola’ and Flaubert in ‘Salammbô’ both moved—in different ways, although at much the same time—in the direction of symbolism. ...
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One direction lay in the search for a departure from realism. Eliot in ‘Romola’ and Flaubert in ‘Salammbô’ both moved—in different ways, although at much the same time—in the direction of symbolism. Underlying meaning and symbols laid out the way towards a deeper meaning of the action and the portrayal of the characters. Yet both authors, setting themselves difficult tasks, had completely contradictory objectives. Each had opposing visions of humanity and the universe. Eliot used the medium of the historical novel to uphold the moral value of the past, while abandoning the Christian religion. Her aim was to show the way to the redemption of humanity through the exemplary life of her heroine, a female saviour. The novel exhibits many of the contradictions of the historical novel, important for this present study. Like ‘Salammbô’, it has generally been regarded as a failure and is the least read of all Eliot’s novels. Flaubert’s vision is pessimistic, decidedly rejecting any possibility of moral guidance from the Ancient World, and thereby expressing marked departure from the ideals of the Enlightenment. At the same time, there is no Romanticism in the novel, in which the love element is thrown into the background by the cruel struggle for power and the inexorable will of the (fictionalised) warring gods. These were attempts to take the historical novel to a higher plain at a time when it appeared to peter out in Britain and France.Less
One direction lay in the search for a departure from realism. Eliot in ‘Romola’ and Flaubert in ‘Salammbô’ both moved—in different ways, although at much the same time—in the direction of symbolism. Underlying meaning and symbols laid out the way towards a deeper meaning of the action and the portrayal of the characters. Yet both authors, setting themselves difficult tasks, had completely contradictory objectives. Each had opposing visions of humanity and the universe. Eliot used the medium of the historical novel to uphold the moral value of the past, while abandoning the Christian religion. Her aim was to show the way to the redemption of humanity through the exemplary life of her heroine, a female saviour. The novel exhibits many of the contradictions of the historical novel, important for this present study. Like ‘Salammbô’, it has generally been regarded as a failure and is the least read of all Eliot’s novels. Flaubert’s vision is pessimistic, decidedly rejecting any possibility of moral guidance from the Ancient World, and thereby expressing marked departure from the ideals of the Enlightenment. At the same time, there is no Romanticism in the novel, in which the love element is thrown into the background by the cruel struggle for power and the inexorable will of the (fictionalised) warring gods. These were attempts to take the historical novel to a higher plain at a time when it appeared to peter out in Britain and France.
Ji-Young Lee
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780231179744
- eISBN:
- 9780231542173
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231179744.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
The chapter begins by challenging the prevailing view on hegemony in the field of international relations. Whereas most scholars have long approached hegemony in terms of an international phenomenon ...
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The chapter begins by challenging the prevailing view on hegemony in the field of international relations. Whereas most scholars have long approached hegemony in terms of an international phenomenon resulting from the preponderant power of one actor, this theory chapter proposes that one should also consider domestic politics, particularly the domestic political legitimation needs of other less powerful actors.Less
The chapter begins by challenging the prevailing view on hegemony in the field of international relations. Whereas most scholars have long approached hegemony in terms of an international phenomenon resulting from the preponderant power of one actor, this theory chapter proposes that one should also consider domestic politics, particularly the domestic political legitimation needs of other less powerful actors.
Herman Ooms
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824832353
- eISBN:
- 9780824869281
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824832353.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This book offers a new understanding of a formative stage in the development of the Japanese state. The late seventh and eighth centuries were a time of momentous change in Japan, much of it brought ...
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This book offers a new understanding of a formative stage in the development of the Japanese state. The late seventh and eighth centuries were a time of momentous change in Japan, much of it brought about by the short-lived Tenmu Dynasty. Two new capital cities, a bureaucratic state led by an imperial ruler, and Chinese-style law codes were just a few of the innovations instituted by the new regime. This book presents an examination of the power struggles, symbolic manipulations, new mythological constructs, and historical revisions that both defined and propelled these changes. It draws on sinological scholarship in English, German, and French to illuminate the politics and symbolics of the time. The book opens up early Japanese history to considerations of continental influences. Rulers and ritual specialists drew on several religious and ritual idioms, including Daoism, Buddhism, yin-yang hermeneutics, and kami worship, to articulate and justify their innovations. The book gives special attention to the Daoist dimensions of the new political symbolics as well as to the crucial contributions made by successive generations of “immigrants” from the Korean peninsula. The Tenmu Dynasty began and ended in bloodshed and was marked throughout by instability and upheaval. Constant succession struggles between two branches of the royal line and a few outside lineages generated a host of plots, uprisings, murders, and accusations of black magic. This aspect of the period gets full treatment in fascinatingly detailed narratives, which the book alternates with structural analysis.Less
This book offers a new understanding of a formative stage in the development of the Japanese state. The late seventh and eighth centuries were a time of momentous change in Japan, much of it brought about by the short-lived Tenmu Dynasty. Two new capital cities, a bureaucratic state led by an imperial ruler, and Chinese-style law codes were just a few of the innovations instituted by the new regime. This book presents an examination of the power struggles, symbolic manipulations, new mythological constructs, and historical revisions that both defined and propelled these changes. It draws on sinological scholarship in English, German, and French to illuminate the politics and symbolics of the time. The book opens up early Japanese history to considerations of continental influences. Rulers and ritual specialists drew on several religious and ritual idioms, including Daoism, Buddhism, yin-yang hermeneutics, and kami worship, to articulate and justify their innovations. The book gives special attention to the Daoist dimensions of the new political symbolics as well as to the crucial contributions made by successive generations of “immigrants” from the Korean peninsula. The Tenmu Dynasty began and ended in bloodshed and was marked throughout by instability and upheaval. Constant succession struggles between two branches of the royal line and a few outside lineages generated a host of plots, uprisings, murders, and accusations of black magic. This aspect of the period gets full treatment in fascinatingly detailed narratives, which the book alternates with structural analysis.
Moshe Almagor
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816669554
- eISBN:
- 9781452946894
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816669554.003.0009
- Subject:
- Psychology, Clinical Psychology
This chapter focuses on interference that undermines the therapeutic in a form of resistance, power struggles, anger, and stuck therapy. Resistance is anything that hinders the therapeutic process ...
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This chapter focuses on interference that undermines the therapeutic in a form of resistance, power struggles, anger, and stuck therapy. Resistance is anything that hinders the therapeutic process that results from the patients’ unconscious wish to avoid the anxiety associated with their traumatic experiences, behaviors, unacceptable thoughts, wishes, or emotions. Power struggles are dialectic mechanism that restore, force, or maintain the system as a need provider. Anger is defined as a strong negative emotional reaction, indicating fierce displeasure that may lead to aggressive behavior. The chapter further presents conditions that can stall therapy.Less
This chapter focuses on interference that undermines the therapeutic in a form of resistance, power struggles, anger, and stuck therapy. Resistance is anything that hinders the therapeutic process that results from the patients’ unconscious wish to avoid the anxiety associated with their traumatic experiences, behaviors, unacceptable thoughts, wishes, or emotions. Power struggles are dialectic mechanism that restore, force, or maintain the system as a need provider. Anger is defined as a strong negative emotional reaction, indicating fierce displeasure that may lead to aggressive behavior. The chapter further presents conditions that can stall therapy.
Dario Maestripieri
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226501178
- eISBN:
- 9780226501215
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226501215.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Behavior / Behavioral Ecology
Judged by population size and distribution, homo sapiens are clearly the most successful primates. A close second, however, would be rhesus macaques, who have adapted to—and thrived in—such diverse ...
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Judged by population size and distribution, homo sapiens are clearly the most successful primates. A close second, however, would be rhesus macaques, who have adapted to—and thrived in—such diverse environments as mountain forests, dry grasslands, and urban sprawl. Scientists have spent countless hours studying these opportunistic monkeys, but rhesus macaques have long been overshadowed in the public eye by the great apes, who, because of their greater intelligence, are naturally assumed to have more to teach us, both about other primates and about humans as well. This book shelves that misperception and gives rhesus macaques their turn in the spotlight. The product of more than twenty years studying these fascinating creatures, it caricatures a society that is as much human as monkey, with hierarchies and power struggles that would impress Niccolò Machiavelli himself. High-status macaques, for instance, maintain their rank through deft uses of violence and manipulation, while altruism is almost unknown and relationships are perpetually subject to the cruel laws of the market. Throughout this account, the author weds his knowledge of macaque behavior to his abiding fascination with human society and motivations. The result is a book that draws on economics as much as evolutionary biology, politics as much as primatology. Rife with unexpected connections and peppered with anecdotes, the book has as much to teach us about humans as it does about macaques.Less
Judged by population size and distribution, homo sapiens are clearly the most successful primates. A close second, however, would be rhesus macaques, who have adapted to—and thrived in—such diverse environments as mountain forests, dry grasslands, and urban sprawl. Scientists have spent countless hours studying these opportunistic monkeys, but rhesus macaques have long been overshadowed in the public eye by the great apes, who, because of their greater intelligence, are naturally assumed to have more to teach us, both about other primates and about humans as well. This book shelves that misperception and gives rhesus macaques their turn in the spotlight. The product of more than twenty years studying these fascinating creatures, it caricatures a society that is as much human as monkey, with hierarchies and power struggles that would impress Niccolò Machiavelli himself. High-status macaques, for instance, maintain their rank through deft uses of violence and manipulation, while altruism is almost unknown and relationships are perpetually subject to the cruel laws of the market. Throughout this account, the author weds his knowledge of macaque behavior to his abiding fascination with human society and motivations. The result is a book that draws on economics as much as evolutionary biology, politics as much as primatology. Rife with unexpected connections and peppered with anecdotes, the book has as much to teach us about humans as it does about macaques.
James Martin
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748633999
- eISBN:
- 9780748652723
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748633999.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
This chapter focuses on the theme of civil society. Much has been written about civil society in recent years, particularly within the critical theory or deliberative traditions of radical democracy. ...
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This chapter focuses on the theme of civil society. Much has been written about civil society in recent years, particularly within the critical theory or deliberative traditions of radical democracy. According to the chapter, however, such accounts misunderstand the peculiarly spatial character of the political and, as such, the nature of civil society. That spatiality, encapsulated in the idea of ‘perverse duplicity’, is better represented by Laclau's notion of ‘dislocation’. This allows for an apprehension of civil society as a democratic domain, but one characterised by hegemonic struggles for power and, thus, by antagonism. The chapter argues that what is needed, therefore, is a re-politicisation of conflict based on ‘a politics of civility’; the goal of which is not to resolve difference but to develop strategies aimed at converting antagonism to agonism.Less
This chapter focuses on the theme of civil society. Much has been written about civil society in recent years, particularly within the critical theory or deliberative traditions of radical democracy. According to the chapter, however, such accounts misunderstand the peculiarly spatial character of the political and, as such, the nature of civil society. That spatiality, encapsulated in the idea of ‘perverse duplicity’, is better represented by Laclau's notion of ‘dislocation’. This allows for an apprehension of civil society as a democratic domain, but one characterised by hegemonic struggles for power and, thus, by antagonism. The chapter argues that what is needed, therefore, is a re-politicisation of conflict based on ‘a politics of civility’; the goal of which is not to resolve difference but to develop strategies aimed at converting antagonism to agonism.
Karl Kraus
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780300236002
- eISBN:
- 9780300252804
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300236002.003.0024
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
This chapter criticises the Social Democratic Party's ineffectual actions. Admittedly, National Socialism has thrived on a similar or at least an equally antiquated intellectual rhythm, while ...
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This chapter criticises the Social Democratic Party's ineffectual actions. Admittedly, National Socialism has thrived on a similar or at least an equally antiquated intellectual rhythm, while Socialism has been weakened by it. But the Nazis were better organised. If one pictures the destruction of German Social Democracy as the work of the Devil (“He blew with His winds and they were scattered”), then surely what has been—and will continue to be—glossed over with slippery words is beyond comprehension. Yet the chapter considers how many hopes and disappointments were already twisted by lies, how many harsh realities by being lumped together and explained as “dialectical evolution,” and by a makeshift intellectualism that even the experts would surely find too stupid were they not using it to stupefy the others. Never before have party leaders degraded such concepts as “struggle” and “power” into bureaucratic jargon, perverting them by tendentious typography.Less
This chapter criticises the Social Democratic Party's ineffectual actions. Admittedly, National Socialism has thrived on a similar or at least an equally antiquated intellectual rhythm, while Socialism has been weakened by it. But the Nazis were better organised. If one pictures the destruction of German Social Democracy as the work of the Devil (“He blew with His winds and they were scattered”), then surely what has been—and will continue to be—glossed over with slippery words is beyond comprehension. Yet the chapter considers how many hopes and disappointments were already twisted by lies, how many harsh realities by being lumped together and explained as “dialectical evolution,” and by a makeshift intellectualism that even the experts would surely find too stupid were they not using it to stupefy the others. Never before have party leaders degraded such concepts as “struggle” and “power” into bureaucratic jargon, perverting them by tendentious typography.
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226763880
- eISBN:
- 9780226763910
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226763910.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Military History
“Why War?” was the question that launched a celebrated correspondence between Albert Einstein and Sigmund Freud. Although those two great thinkers could not agree on a definitive answer, today there ...
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“Why War?” was the question that launched a celebrated correspondence between Albert Einstein and Sigmund Freud. Although those two great thinkers could not agree on a definitive answer, today there does seem to be a broad consensus. Popular beliefs and academic theories alike point overwhelmingly to the machinations and interests of elites and the struggle for power and security within and among nations. If not exactly false in any simple way, such a vision is nevertheless narrow and misleading. This book sketches out an alternative answer to the “Why War?” query—one that illuminates the role of culture and deliberative democracy. In a series of matched case studies it shows that codes defining the sacred and profane in social life and a limited pool of narrative structures within a civil discourse form the cultural bedrock upon which military policy is made legitimate and thinkable.Less
“Why War?” was the question that launched a celebrated correspondence between Albert Einstein and Sigmund Freud. Although those two great thinkers could not agree on a definitive answer, today there does seem to be a broad consensus. Popular beliefs and academic theories alike point overwhelmingly to the machinations and interests of elites and the struggle for power and security within and among nations. If not exactly false in any simple way, such a vision is nevertheless narrow and misleading. This book sketches out an alternative answer to the “Why War?” query—one that illuminates the role of culture and deliberative democracy. In a series of matched case studies it shows that codes defining the sacred and profane in social life and a limited pool of narrative structures within a civil discourse form the cultural bedrock upon which military policy is made legitimate and thinkable.
Joel Gordon
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9789774167782
- eISBN:
- 9781617978180
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774167782.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This chapter examines the relations between the military junta and the officer corps that formed it. It first considers the role envisioned by the Free Officers for the army and for their own ...
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This chapter examines the relations between the military junta and the officer corps that formed it. It first considers the role envisioned by the Free Officers for the army and for their own movement before discussing their growing discord with Muhammad Nagib in the context of a power struggle. It then analyzes the officers' conflict with Colonel Rashad Mahanna and the controversy surrounding the revelation of the names of the original nine junta members who decided to oust King Farouk from power. It also assesses the impact of the power struggle between Nagib and his younger colleagues on the internal stability of the Command Council of the Revolution (CCR) and concludes with the argument that the junta's actions were not consistent with its promise of a return to democracy.Less
This chapter examines the relations between the military junta and the officer corps that formed it. It first considers the role envisioned by the Free Officers for the army and for their own movement before discussing their growing discord with Muhammad Nagib in the context of a power struggle. It then analyzes the officers' conflict with Colonel Rashad Mahanna and the controversy surrounding the revelation of the names of the original nine junta members who decided to oust King Farouk from power. It also assesses the impact of the power struggle between Nagib and his younger colleagues on the internal stability of the Command Council of the Revolution (CCR) and concludes with the argument that the junta's actions were not consistent with its promise of a return to democracy.
William Reynolds Braisted
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813032887
- eISBN:
- 9780813038223
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813032887.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This chapter examines the roots of the May 30, 1925 incident in Shanghai in the power struggle in Kwantung Province. It was there that the heirs of Sun Yat-sen were struggling to control his ...
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This chapter examines the roots of the May 30, 1925 incident in Shanghai in the power struggle in Kwantung Province. It was there that the heirs of Sun Yat-sen were struggling to control his Kuomintang Party and where the growing communist influence on the cadets of the Whampoa Military Academy led by Chiang Kai-shek was evident. This chapter discusses the Asiatic Fleet's confrontation with the Whampoa cadets in June 1925.Less
This chapter examines the roots of the May 30, 1925 incident in Shanghai in the power struggle in Kwantung Province. It was there that the heirs of Sun Yat-sen were struggling to control his Kuomintang Party and where the growing communist influence on the cadets of the Whampoa Military Academy led by Chiang Kai-shek was evident. This chapter discusses the Asiatic Fleet's confrontation with the Whampoa cadets in June 1925.
Ji-Young Lee
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780231179744
- eISBN:
- 9780231542173
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231179744.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Many have viewed the tribute system as China's tool for projecting its power and influence in East Asia, treating other actors as passive recipients of Chinese domination. China's Hegemony sheds new ...
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Many have viewed the tribute system as China's tool for projecting its power and influence in East Asia, treating other actors as passive recipients of Chinese domination. China's Hegemony sheds new light on this system and shows that the international order of Asia's past was not as Sinocentric as conventional wisdom suggests. Instead, throughout the early modern period, Chinese hegemony was accepted, defied, and challenged by its East Asian neighbors at different times, depending on these leaders' strategies for legitimacy among their populations. Focusing on China-Korea-Japan dynamics of East Asian international politics during the Ming and High Qing periods, Ji-Young Lee draws on extensive research of East Asian language sources, including records written by Chinese and Korean tributary envoys. She offers fascinating and rich details of war and peace in Asian international relations, addressing questions such as: why Japan invaded Korea and fought a major war against the Sino-Korean coalition in the late sixteenth century; why Korea attempted to strike at the Ming empire militarily in the late fourteenth century; and how Japan created a miniature tributary order posing as the center of Asia in lieu of the Qing empire in the seventeenth century.Less
Many have viewed the tribute system as China's tool for projecting its power and influence in East Asia, treating other actors as passive recipients of Chinese domination. China's Hegemony sheds new light on this system and shows that the international order of Asia's past was not as Sinocentric as conventional wisdom suggests. Instead, throughout the early modern period, Chinese hegemony was accepted, defied, and challenged by its East Asian neighbors at different times, depending on these leaders' strategies for legitimacy among their populations. Focusing on China-Korea-Japan dynamics of East Asian international politics during the Ming and High Qing periods, Ji-Young Lee draws on extensive research of East Asian language sources, including records written by Chinese and Korean tributary envoys. She offers fascinating and rich details of war and peace in Asian international relations, addressing questions such as: why Japan invaded Korea and fought a major war against the Sino-Korean coalition in the late sixteenth century; why Korea attempted to strike at the Ming empire militarily in the late fourteenth century; and how Japan created a miniature tributary order posing as the center of Asia in lieu of the Qing empire in the seventeenth century.
Mary-Jo DelVecchio Good
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520088962
- eISBN:
- 9780520922037
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520088962.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Medical Anthropology
What does it mean to be a good doctor in America today? How do such challenges as new biotechnologies, the threat of malpractice suits, and proposed health-care reform affect physicians' ability to ...
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What does it mean to be a good doctor in America today? How do such challenges as new biotechnologies, the threat of malpractice suits, and proposed health-care reform affect physicians' ability to provide quality care? These and many other questions are examined in this book, which fully explores the meaning and politics of competence in modern American medicine. Based on ethnographic studies of three distinct medical communities—physicians in rural California, academics and students involved in Harvard Medical School's innovative “New Pathway” curriculum, and oncologists working on breast cancer treatment—it demonstrates the centrality of the issue of competence throughout the medical world. Competence, the book shows, provides the framework for discussing the power struggles between rural general practitioners and specialists, organizational changes in medical education, and the clinical narratives of high-technology oncologists. In their own words, practitioners, students, and academics describe what competence means to them and reveal their frustration with medical-legal institutions, malpractice, and the limitations of peer review and medical training.Less
What does it mean to be a good doctor in America today? How do such challenges as new biotechnologies, the threat of malpractice suits, and proposed health-care reform affect physicians' ability to provide quality care? These and many other questions are examined in this book, which fully explores the meaning and politics of competence in modern American medicine. Based on ethnographic studies of three distinct medical communities—physicians in rural California, academics and students involved in Harvard Medical School's innovative “New Pathway” curriculum, and oncologists working on breast cancer treatment—it demonstrates the centrality of the issue of competence throughout the medical world. Competence, the book shows, provides the framework for discussing the power struggles between rural general practitioners and specialists, organizational changes in medical education, and the clinical narratives of high-technology oncologists. In their own words, practitioners, students, and academics describe what competence means to them and reveal their frustration with medical-legal institutions, malpractice, and the limitations of peer review and medical training.
Yaron Harel
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- February 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781904113874
- eISBN:
- 9781800340237
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781904113874.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
This is a book of unexpected drama: all eleven chief rabbis appointed in this period of unprecedented change in the Jewish communities of the Fertile Crescent became the subject of controversy and ...
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This is a book of unexpected drama: all eleven chief rabbis appointed in this period of unprecedented change in the Jewish communities of the Fertile Crescent became the subject of controversy and were subsequently dismissed. This took place against a background of events rarely discussed in the context of Jewish society. The book paints a colourful picture of these upheavals set firmly in the social and political context of the time and far removed from the commonly accepted image of Jewish communities in the Ottoman Empire. Jews were also affected by modernization and political conflict in the wider society of the time, and these too gave rise to power struggles. The chief rabbis were at the forefront of these confrontations. Most of them recognized that the challenges of modernization had to be met. Their openness to change stemmed from a concern for the future of the communities for which they were responsible, but they were often vociferously opposed. The communal politics that ensued were sometimes heated to the point of violence. In the latter years of the empire, many Jews came to support the Young Turks, with their promise of liberty and equality for all. Rabbis had to develop political awareness and engage in Ottoman politics. This was another source of tension within the community since the new regime punished anyone suspected of opposition severely. The book offers a lens through which to view the Jewish society of the Ottoman Empire at a time when all the traditional norms were being challenged.Less
This is a book of unexpected drama: all eleven chief rabbis appointed in this period of unprecedented change in the Jewish communities of the Fertile Crescent became the subject of controversy and were subsequently dismissed. This took place against a background of events rarely discussed in the context of Jewish society. The book paints a colourful picture of these upheavals set firmly in the social and political context of the time and far removed from the commonly accepted image of Jewish communities in the Ottoman Empire. Jews were also affected by modernization and political conflict in the wider society of the time, and these too gave rise to power struggles. The chief rabbis were at the forefront of these confrontations. Most of them recognized that the challenges of modernization had to be met. Their openness to change stemmed from a concern for the future of the communities for which they were responsible, but they were often vociferously opposed. The communal politics that ensued were sometimes heated to the point of violence. In the latter years of the empire, many Jews came to support the Young Turks, with their promise of liberty and equality for all. Rabbis had to develop political awareness and engage in Ottoman politics. This was another source of tension within the community since the new regime punished anyone suspected of opposition severely. The book offers a lens through which to view the Jewish society of the Ottoman Empire at a time when all the traditional norms were being challenged.
Steven M. Ortiz
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780252043161
- eISBN:
- 9780252052040
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252043161.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Sport and Leisure
This chapter examines power and control issues that emerge in the marriage as a result of the relationship between wives and their mothers-in-law, and how the husband, wife, and mother-in-law use ...
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This chapter examines power and control issues that emerge in the marriage as a result of the relationship between wives and their mothers-in-law, and how the husband, wife, and mother-in-law use control work in various types of power struggles. In an attempt to move beyond negative stereotypes, a more realistic interpretation of the origins and construction of in-law relationships in the sport marriage is analyzed, including the origins of a durable mother-son bond and its effect on the marital relationship. The chapter introduces the concept of subordination work, which allows for an insightful evaluation of how the wives manage their subordinate status as they try to preserve their marital relationship and avoid offending their mothers-in-law. Attention also is given to a distinctive role reversal initiated by some mothers-in-law, resulting in the mother taking on the surrogate role of wife in public life.Less
This chapter examines power and control issues that emerge in the marriage as a result of the relationship between wives and their mothers-in-law, and how the husband, wife, and mother-in-law use control work in various types of power struggles. In an attempt to move beyond negative stereotypes, a more realistic interpretation of the origins and construction of in-law relationships in the sport marriage is analyzed, including the origins of a durable mother-son bond and its effect on the marital relationship. The chapter introduces the concept of subordination work, which allows for an insightful evaluation of how the wives manage their subordinate status as they try to preserve their marital relationship and avoid offending their mothers-in-law. Attention also is given to a distinctive role reversal initiated by some mothers-in-law, resulting in the mother taking on the surrogate role of wife in public life.
