Judy B. Rosener
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195119145
- eISBN:
- 9780199854882
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195119145.003.0007
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Strategy
Little information is available about the impact brought about by women leaders to companies, since women are rarely granted with high positions, especially in large institutions that are mostly ...
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Little information is available about the impact brought about by women leaders to companies, since women are rarely granted with high positions, especially in large institutions that are mostly comprised of male workers. While the term “critical mass” refers to a threshold number associated with a point wherein certain changes take place, it is important to ask whether critical mass brings about significant impacts or not. It is also important to establish what is meant by impact and how it can be measured. Through looking into studies of government officials, entrepreneurs, and corporate executives, this chapter looks into the impacts that women have, specifically on power relationships, agenda setting, management, the quality and quantity of benefits, and the behavior of both men and women.Less
Little information is available about the impact brought about by women leaders to companies, since women are rarely granted with high positions, especially in large institutions that are mostly comprised of male workers. While the term “critical mass” refers to a threshold number associated with a point wherein certain changes take place, it is important to ask whether critical mass brings about significant impacts or not. It is also important to establish what is meant by impact and how it can be measured. Through looking into studies of government officials, entrepreneurs, and corporate executives, this chapter looks into the impacts that women have, specifically on power relationships, agenda setting, management, the quality and quantity of benefits, and the behavior of both men and women.
Jay Winter and Michael Teitelbaum
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300139068
- eISBN:
- 9780300195323
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300139068.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This chapter defines politics as that network of power relationships extending from the family to the neighborhood, to the village, to the region, to the nation state, and beyond it. It is in these ...
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This chapter defines politics as that network of power relationships extending from the family to the neighborhood, to the village, to the region, to the nation state, and beyond it. It is in these networks of unequal actors that the linkage among economic forces and cultural practices are negotiated. One way in which politics can be configured usefully in discussions of fertility decisions is in terms of Beck's hypothesis of the “Risk Society.” Derived from changes in norms about gender roles in Europe, this framework has uses in other contexts as well. Chinese villagers making decisions about their family size face risks of a different character but make their own assessments, which the “risk hypothesis” helps to illuminate. Village elders govern the decisions of individual couples under Communism, just as they have done for centuries in China, but for decades now, there has also been a state framework promoting the one-child family.Less
This chapter defines politics as that network of power relationships extending from the family to the neighborhood, to the village, to the region, to the nation state, and beyond it. It is in these networks of unequal actors that the linkage among economic forces and cultural practices are negotiated. One way in which politics can be configured usefully in discussions of fertility decisions is in terms of Beck's hypothesis of the “Risk Society.” Derived from changes in norms about gender roles in Europe, this framework has uses in other contexts as well. Chinese villagers making decisions about their family size face risks of a different character but make their own assessments, which the “risk hypothesis” helps to illuminate. Village elders govern the decisions of individual couples under Communism, just as they have done for centuries in China, but for decades now, there has also been a state framework promoting the one-child family.
Michaela Bercovitch and Abraham Adunsky
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198567745
- eISBN:
- 9780191730436
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198567745.003.0003
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making, Palliative Medicine Research
This chapter examines the effect of the interdisciplinary setting on the work of a team in palliative care. Over the years, the interdisciplinary model for palliative care has proved itself as a ...
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This chapter examines the effect of the interdisciplinary setting on the work of a team in palliative care. Over the years, the interdisciplinary model for palliative care has proved itself as a viable and effective approach for the complex health needs of patients in general and those suffering from life-threatening diseases in particular. However, there are many obstacles in the way of achievement of the interdisciplinary team goals. These include organizational structuralism, power relationships between health care professionals, and power relationships between health care professionals and their clients.Less
This chapter examines the effect of the interdisciplinary setting on the work of a team in palliative care. Over the years, the interdisciplinary model for palliative care has proved itself as a viable and effective approach for the complex health needs of patients in general and those suffering from life-threatening diseases in particular. However, there are many obstacles in the way of achievement of the interdisciplinary team goals. These include organizational structuralism, power relationships between health care professionals, and power relationships between health care professionals and their clients.
Simon Kovesi
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719070969
- eISBN:
- 9781781701041
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719070969.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century and Contemporary Literature
James Kelman is Scotland's most influential contemporary prose artist. This is a book-length study of his groundbreaking novels, analysing and contextualising each in detail. It argues that while ...
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James Kelman is Scotland's most influential contemporary prose artist. This is a book-length study of his groundbreaking novels, analysing and contextualising each in detail. It argues that while Kelman offers a coherent and consistent vision of the world, each novel should be read as a distinct literary response to particular aspects of contemporary working-class language and culture. Historicised through diverse contexts such as Scottish socialism, public transport, emigration, ‘Booker Prize’ culture and Glasgow's controversial ‘City of Culture’ status in 1990, the book offers readings of Kelman's style, characterisation and linguistic innovations. This study resists the prevalent condemnations of Kelman as a miserable realist, and produces evidence that he is acutely aware of an unorthodox, politicised literary tradition which transgresses definitions of what literature can or should do. Kelman is cautious about the power relationship between the working-class worlds he represents in his fiction, and the latent preconceptions embedded in the language of academic and critical commentary. In response, the study is self-critical, questioning the validity and values of its own methods. Kelman is shown to be deftly humorous, assiduously ethical, philosophically alert and politically necessary.Less
James Kelman is Scotland's most influential contemporary prose artist. This is a book-length study of his groundbreaking novels, analysing and contextualising each in detail. It argues that while Kelman offers a coherent and consistent vision of the world, each novel should be read as a distinct literary response to particular aspects of contemporary working-class language and culture. Historicised through diverse contexts such as Scottish socialism, public transport, emigration, ‘Booker Prize’ culture and Glasgow's controversial ‘City of Culture’ status in 1990, the book offers readings of Kelman's style, characterisation and linguistic innovations. This study resists the prevalent condemnations of Kelman as a miserable realist, and produces evidence that he is acutely aware of an unorthodox, politicised literary tradition which transgresses definitions of what literature can or should do. Kelman is cautious about the power relationship between the working-class worlds he represents in his fiction, and the latent preconceptions embedded in the language of academic and critical commentary. In response, the study is self-critical, questioning the validity and values of its own methods. Kelman is shown to be deftly humorous, assiduously ethical, philosophically alert and politically necessary.
Theresa Weynand Tobin
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780823233311
- eISBN:
- 9780823241743
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823233311.003.0010
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter relates the concept of positionality from feminist theory and pedagogy to the Ignatian paradigm to show how its focus on the individual, at the expense of the structural, fails to ...
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This chapter relates the concept of positionality from feminist theory and pedagogy to the Ignatian paradigm to show how its focus on the individual, at the expense of the structural, fails to acknowledge the unequal power relationships that disadvantage students from minority groups. Focusing on the positionality of gay and lesbian students in the author's classroom at a Jesuit college, it explores how becoming attentive to our own positions with respect to our students allows us better to examine how relationships of domination and subordination between members of oppressed and privileged groups in larger social and ecclesial contexts are re-created at the micro-level in the classroom.Less
This chapter relates the concept of positionality from feminist theory and pedagogy to the Ignatian paradigm to show how its focus on the individual, at the expense of the structural, fails to acknowledge the unequal power relationships that disadvantage students from minority groups. Focusing on the positionality of gay and lesbian students in the author's classroom at a Jesuit college, it explores how becoming attentive to our own positions with respect to our students allows us better to examine how relationships of domination and subordination between members of oppressed and privileged groups in larger social and ecclesial contexts are re-created at the micro-level in the classroom.
Ruth Hellier-Tinoco
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195340365
- eISBN:
- 9780199896998
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195340365.003.0014
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music, Dance
This chapter appraises the ninety-year processes and contexts of performism surrounding The Old Men and Night of the Dead, reflecting on consequences of the trajectory in terms of essentialization, ...
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This chapter appraises the ninety-year processes and contexts of performism surrounding The Old Men and Night of the Dead, reflecting on consequences of the trajectory in terms of essentialization, symbolic and economic production, relationships of power, and the construct of folklore, particularly engaging Néstor García Canclini's work on folk culture and popular culture. Analyzing the legacy of postrevolutionary policies and strategies, this chapter draws attention to implicit and explicit contexts of hierarchies, and inequities, discussing otherness, difference, and traditionalization; Ballet Folklórico ensembles; processes of self-designation and legitimization; and economic production, exchange value, commoditization, and tourism. Concluding with an account of a 2009 performance of The Old Men in the USA with a direct link to the island of Jarácuaro and the first appropriated event draws the focus to back to connections between the micro and the macro.Less
This chapter appraises the ninety-year processes and contexts of performism surrounding The Old Men and Night of the Dead, reflecting on consequences of the trajectory in terms of essentialization, symbolic and economic production, relationships of power, and the construct of folklore, particularly engaging Néstor García Canclini's work on folk culture and popular culture. Analyzing the legacy of postrevolutionary policies and strategies, this chapter draws attention to implicit and explicit contexts of hierarchies, and inequities, discussing otherness, difference, and traditionalization; Ballet Folklórico ensembles; processes of self-designation and legitimization; and economic production, exchange value, commoditization, and tourism. Concluding with an account of a 2009 performance of The Old Men in the USA with a direct link to the island of Jarácuaro and the first appropriated event draws the focus to back to connections between the micro and the macro.
Maia Carter Hallward
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780813036526
- eISBN:
- 9780813041797
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813036526.003.0010
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
The concluding chapter explores key findings of the study of Israeli and Palestinian peace and justice activism in the second intifada. Despite the lack of coverage of civil society peace efforts in ...
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The concluding chapter explores key findings of the study of Israeli and Palestinian peace and justice activism in the second intifada. Despite the lack of coverage of civil society peace efforts in the mainstream media, a number of activist groups built what one called an “infrastructure for peace”. Changes in the socio-political landscape impacted, and were impacted by, the actions of peace and justice movements, as the shift in activist strategies between 2004–2005 and 2008 illustrates. Successful groups were grounded in relationships of equality and mutuality and tended to use democratic processes such as consensual decision-making practices that create space for pluralism and constructive engagement with divergent views. Group characteristics, such as “joint” or “uninational,” or organizational form mattered less in regard to group orientation to change and degree of pluralism than did group process and orientation to peace works versus peace words. Most of the groups studied sought to reconfigure power relationships as well as boundaries of difference that created both “internal” and “external” “Others”. The chapter offers lessons for the policy making community and its efforts for peace.Less
The concluding chapter explores key findings of the study of Israeli and Palestinian peace and justice activism in the second intifada. Despite the lack of coverage of civil society peace efforts in the mainstream media, a number of activist groups built what one called an “infrastructure for peace”. Changes in the socio-political landscape impacted, and were impacted by, the actions of peace and justice movements, as the shift in activist strategies between 2004–2005 and 2008 illustrates. Successful groups were grounded in relationships of equality and mutuality and tended to use democratic processes such as consensual decision-making practices that create space for pluralism and constructive engagement with divergent views. Group characteristics, such as “joint” or “uninational,” or organizational form mattered less in regard to group orientation to change and degree of pluralism than did group process and orientation to peace works versus peace words. Most of the groups studied sought to reconfigure power relationships as well as boundaries of difference that created both “internal” and “external” “Others”. The chapter offers lessons for the policy making community and its efforts for peace.
Tom Woodin
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780719091117
- eISBN:
- 9781526139023
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719091117.003.0009
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
The internal workings of working class writing and publishing groups reveals important insights about the nature of democracy. The attempt to form collective and co-operative groups that supported ...
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The internal workings of working class writing and publishing groups reveals important insights about the nature of democracy. The attempt to form collective and co-operative groups that supported everyone led to an active re-making of educational relationships along democratic lines. The insistence upon equality between writers, irrespective of individual ability, was a cardinal principle. However, in a changing funding climate, workshops came under pressure to formalise relationships, professionalise and introduce management structures. This had mixed results as groups attempted to negotiate these tensions. The example of the Fed brings into question some key aspects of critical pedagogy which privileges the role of tutors and education as a whole and, in some cases, assumes that learners have internalised dominant ideas.Less
The internal workings of working class writing and publishing groups reveals important insights about the nature of democracy. The attempt to form collective and co-operative groups that supported everyone led to an active re-making of educational relationships along democratic lines. The insistence upon equality between writers, irrespective of individual ability, was a cardinal principle. However, in a changing funding climate, workshops came under pressure to formalise relationships, professionalise and introduce management structures. This had mixed results as groups attempted to negotiate these tensions. The example of the Fed brings into question some key aspects of critical pedagogy which privileges the role of tutors and education as a whole and, in some cases, assumes that learners have internalised dominant ideas.
Mary Hendrickson, William Heffernan, David Lind, and Elizabeth Barham
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262122993
- eISBN:
- 9780262278751
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262122993.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
This chapter examines the factors responsible for agriculture contracting along with the evolution of contractual arrangements following the change in power relationships in the agricultural system. ...
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This chapter examines the factors responsible for agriculture contracting along with the evolution of contractual arrangements following the change in power relationships in the agricultural system. Its aim is to determine the impact of the agricultural contracts on the agriculture-of-the-middle farmers’ socioeconomic well-being. The reduction of transaction costs and uncertainty for parties involved in contract negotiation is possible if both parties negotiate a contract from a position of equal power. The Union Parish, Louisiana, poultry contracts case study, offering information on the issues causing a power relationship imbalance between growers and firms including debt, liquidity of assets, and mortgage time is also presented. The chapter furthermore explores the options for agriculture-of-the-middle farmers of maintaining power in undifferentiated commodities production.Less
This chapter examines the factors responsible for agriculture contracting along with the evolution of contractual arrangements following the change in power relationships in the agricultural system. Its aim is to determine the impact of the agricultural contracts on the agriculture-of-the-middle farmers’ socioeconomic well-being. The reduction of transaction costs and uncertainty for parties involved in contract negotiation is possible if both parties negotiate a contract from a position of equal power. The Union Parish, Louisiana, poultry contracts case study, offering information on the issues causing a power relationship imbalance between growers and firms including debt, liquidity of assets, and mortgage time is also presented. The chapter furthermore explores the options for agriculture-of-the-middle farmers of maintaining power in undifferentiated commodities production.
Roberta Rosenthal Kwall
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780195373707
- eISBN:
- 9780190226589
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195373707.003.0002
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History, Comparative Law
Chapter 1 furnishes an overview of cultural analysis and the study of halakhah and the Jewish tradition through a cultural analysis framework. It opens with a discussion of the emerging focus on law ...
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Chapter 1 furnishes an overview of cultural analysis and the study of halakhah and the Jewish tradition through a cultural analysis framework. It opens with a discussion of the emerging focus on law and cultural analysis in the academic world generally and identifies the salient themes of a cultural analysis approach to law. These themes stress the importance of power relationships, environment, cultural dissent, and multiple values in the development of law. Cultural analysis also relies on the narrative model because the lawmaking process is best served with stories representing a broad range of perspectives. This discussion emphasizes that law and culture should not be viewed as two distinct entities but rather as embodiments of one another. This chapter also introduces the book’s central theme: how a cultural analysis paradigm provides an ideal way of understanding the historical development and ongoing evolution of halakhah and the mesorah.Less
Chapter 1 furnishes an overview of cultural analysis and the study of halakhah and the Jewish tradition through a cultural analysis framework. It opens with a discussion of the emerging focus on law and cultural analysis in the academic world generally and identifies the salient themes of a cultural analysis approach to law. These themes stress the importance of power relationships, environment, cultural dissent, and multiple values in the development of law. Cultural analysis also relies on the narrative model because the lawmaking process is best served with stories representing a broad range of perspectives. This discussion emphasizes that law and culture should not be viewed as two distinct entities but rather as embodiments of one another. This chapter also introduces the book’s central theme: how a cultural analysis paradigm provides an ideal way of understanding the historical development and ongoing evolution of halakhah and the mesorah.
Louise Locock and Sue Dopson
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847427588
- eISBN:
- 9781447305576
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847427588.003.0013
- Subject:
- Sociology, Health, Illness, and Medicine
‘Shaping Strategic Change’ by Andrew Pettigrew, Ewan Ferlie, and Lorna McKee was published in 1992, a period when the combined effect of managerialist and marketising reforms was creating high ...
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‘Shaping Strategic Change’ by Andrew Pettigrew, Ewan Ferlie, and Lorna McKee was published in 1992, a period when the combined effect of managerialist and marketising reforms was creating high turbulence in the history of the NHS. In the 1980s and 1990s, there were concerns about the ability of managers to overcome organisational inertia and traditional power relationships, and to embed new patterns of thinking and behaviour. Pettigrew et al. identified a strong academic tradition of scepticism about the chances of success for top-down institutional reform. They examined a series of eleven longitudinal case studies, illustrating different types of service (acute and priority group) and different types of change. To detect the kind of ‘substantial variability’ anticipated from the theoretical review, a specific set of methods was needed: a wide range of case studies, a focus on context and on impact, and a longitudinal approach.Less
‘Shaping Strategic Change’ by Andrew Pettigrew, Ewan Ferlie, and Lorna McKee was published in 1992, a period when the combined effect of managerialist and marketising reforms was creating high turbulence in the history of the NHS. In the 1980s and 1990s, there were concerns about the ability of managers to overcome organisational inertia and traditional power relationships, and to embed new patterns of thinking and behaviour. Pettigrew et al. identified a strong academic tradition of scepticism about the chances of success for top-down institutional reform. They examined a series of eleven longitudinal case studies, illustrating different types of service (acute and priority group) and different types of change. To detect the kind of ‘substantial variability’ anticipated from the theoretical review, a specific set of methods was needed: a wide range of case studies, a focus on context and on impact, and a longitudinal approach.
Dorothy Stringer
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823231478
- eISBN:
- 9780823241088
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823231478.003.0007
- Subject:
- Literature, African-American Literature
Fantasy's involvement with authority is, of course, the major concern of “A Child Is Being Beaten,” which traces both the content, and the rhetoric, of a common masturbatory fantasy among Freud's ...
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Fantasy's involvement with authority is, of course, the major concern of “A Child Is Being Beaten,” which traces both the content, and the rhetoric, of a common masturbatory fantasy among Freud's patients. The fantasizer is fully aware of, but removed from, a scene of violence, and seems initially to be unconcerned with the author of that violence. Beating fantasies thus represent nothing so simple as a direct, amoral identification with the exercise of mastery. Rather, they exploit the overlap between psychic investments and real-world power relationships, to the immediate end of autoerotic pleasure, but also for the long-range purpose of managing the fantasizers' own complex relationship to social power and power differentials. Trauma can never be appreciated or described at a distance, or in purely formal terms. Rather, it irrupts on thought as “enigmatic, traumatizing messages,” to which we must respond.Less
Fantasy's involvement with authority is, of course, the major concern of “A Child Is Being Beaten,” which traces both the content, and the rhetoric, of a common masturbatory fantasy among Freud's patients. The fantasizer is fully aware of, but removed from, a scene of violence, and seems initially to be unconcerned with the author of that violence. Beating fantasies thus represent nothing so simple as a direct, amoral identification with the exercise of mastery. Rather, they exploit the overlap between psychic investments and real-world power relationships, to the immediate end of autoerotic pleasure, but also for the long-range purpose of managing the fantasizers' own complex relationship to social power and power differentials. Trauma can never be appreciated or described at a distance, or in purely formal terms. Rather, it irrupts on thought as “enigmatic, traumatizing messages,” to which we must respond.
Loïc Azoulai (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780198705222
- eISBN:
- 9780191774294
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198705222.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, EU Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
The classic debate surrounding the prolific role of the European Union in defining spheres of competence and power relationships has long divided scholarly opinion. However, in recent years, the ...
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The classic debate surrounding the prolific role of the European Union in defining spheres of competence and power relationships has long divided scholarly opinion. However, in recent years, the long-standing acquiescence to the broad powers of the Union has given way to the emerging perception of a competence problem in Europe. For a long period it was taken for granted that the European Community could act whenever its action was justified on the basis of the widely interpreted objectives of the Treaties. However, this context has since changed. There is a widespread perception of a competence problem in Europe and the overabundance of provisions limiting the Union's competences is one of the most obvious marks left by the Lisbon Treaty. This book discusses the extent to which the parameters of power throughout the Union and its Member States have been recast by the recent implementation of the Lisbon Treaty and doctrines developed by the European Court of Justice. The book assesses the debate surrounding the political identity of the European Union, and further illustrates the relevance of the Federal theory of sharing competences for the development of EU Law. Finally, the question of new potential limits to Union's competence is addressed. If anything, this broad reflection on the notion of competence in the EU law context is a way of opening up the question of the nature and contours of the political identity of the European Union.Less
The classic debate surrounding the prolific role of the European Union in defining spheres of competence and power relationships has long divided scholarly opinion. However, in recent years, the long-standing acquiescence to the broad powers of the Union has given way to the emerging perception of a competence problem in Europe. For a long period it was taken for granted that the European Community could act whenever its action was justified on the basis of the widely interpreted objectives of the Treaties. However, this context has since changed. There is a widespread perception of a competence problem in Europe and the overabundance of provisions limiting the Union's competences is one of the most obvious marks left by the Lisbon Treaty. This book discusses the extent to which the parameters of power throughout the Union and its Member States have been recast by the recent implementation of the Lisbon Treaty and doctrines developed by the European Court of Justice. The book assesses the debate surrounding the political identity of the European Union, and further illustrates the relevance of the Federal theory of sharing competences for the development of EU Law. Finally, the question of new potential limits to Union's competence is addressed. If anything, this broad reflection on the notion of competence in the EU law context is a way of opening up the question of the nature and contours of the political identity of the European Union.
Claire E. Rasmussen
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816669561
- eISBN:
- 9781452946757
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816669561.003.0004
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy
This chapter examines the creative potential of autonomy by exploring ways that the impulse for self-governance can produce new forms of subjectivity and ethical challenges to the power relationships ...
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This chapter examines the creative potential of autonomy by exploring ways that the impulse for self-governance can produce new forms of subjectivity and ethical challenges to the power relationships that shape the present. The self-critical impulse encouraged by the discourse of autonomy can have effects that challenge as well as enforce existing relationships of power. Critique may reveal the contingency of current relationships and thus open up the possibility of choosing to act differently. Animal rights provide one opportunity for this analysis as the distinction between human and animal has been one of the most important means of measuring the autonomy of human subjects. However, animal rights may challenge human sovereignty only if it challenges the assumption that human and animal are so easily distinguished.Less
This chapter examines the creative potential of autonomy by exploring ways that the impulse for self-governance can produce new forms of subjectivity and ethical challenges to the power relationships that shape the present. The self-critical impulse encouraged by the discourse of autonomy can have effects that challenge as well as enforce existing relationships of power. Critique may reveal the contingency of current relationships and thus open up the possibility of choosing to act differently. Animal rights provide one opportunity for this analysis as the distinction between human and animal has been one of the most important means of measuring the autonomy of human subjects. However, animal rights may challenge human sovereignty only if it challenges the assumption that human and animal are so easily distinguished.
Claire E. Rasmussen
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816669561
- eISBN:
- 9781452946757
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816669561.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy
The conclusion addresses the tensions between autonomy as the resistance against various forms of power and self-governance as the necessary limitations of individual power. The examples examined in ...
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The conclusion addresses the tensions between autonomy as the resistance against various forms of power and self-governance as the necessary limitations of individual power. The examples examined in the book—adolescent sexuality, the drug war, animal rights, and endurance athletes—provide snapshots of how the norm of autonomy works in contingent, shifting ways with rather than against power. The characterization of the subject as subjectification is not a surrender of the self to relationships of power but a call to be self-critical, attentive to the ways in which the self is always constructed with a given context and cognizant of the fact that these relationships could be changed. If we view autonomy not as the end of political life but as a means, we may cultivate different ways of relating to ourselves and others.Less
The conclusion addresses the tensions between autonomy as the resistance against various forms of power and self-governance as the necessary limitations of individual power. The examples examined in the book—adolescent sexuality, the drug war, animal rights, and endurance athletes—provide snapshots of how the norm of autonomy works in contingent, shifting ways with rather than against power. The characterization of the subject as subjectification is not a surrender of the self to relationships of power but a call to be self-critical, attentive to the ways in which the self is always constructed with a given context and cognizant of the fact that these relationships could be changed. If we view autonomy not as the end of political life but as a means, we may cultivate different ways of relating to ourselves and others.
Sirpa Tenhunen
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190630270
- eISBN:
- 9780190876562
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190630270.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Psychology and Interaction
Chapter 5 looks at how mobile phones mediate gender and kinship relationships. It demonstrates that the positive impacts of women’s phone use are subtle and ambiguous: most calls are about the slight ...
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Chapter 5 looks at how mobile phones mediate gender and kinship relationships. It demonstrates that the positive impacts of women’s phone use are subtle and ambiguous: most calls are about the slight redefinition of home boundaries. Phones in Janta make it possible for women to extend the safety associated with home to cover moving in the outside world. Phones also help women reach the outside world from their homes, providing them with new possibilities to choose the context for their speech and to engage in critical and unconventional discourses. Phones especially help young wives to challenge their mother-in law’s authority and build closer relationships with their mothers after marriage. However, women are positioned differently in how frequently they can make calls. A woman’s ability to call reflects the position she has carved for herself in her in-law’s house as well as the household’s economic standing.Less
Chapter 5 looks at how mobile phones mediate gender and kinship relationships. It demonstrates that the positive impacts of women’s phone use are subtle and ambiguous: most calls are about the slight redefinition of home boundaries. Phones in Janta make it possible for women to extend the safety associated with home to cover moving in the outside world. Phones also help women reach the outside world from their homes, providing them with new possibilities to choose the context for their speech and to engage in critical and unconventional discourses. Phones especially help young wives to challenge their mother-in law’s authority and build closer relationships with their mothers after marriage. However, women are positioned differently in how frequently they can make calls. A woman’s ability to call reflects the position she has carved for herself in her in-law’s house as well as the household’s economic standing.
Anna-Kaisa Räisänen
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780197265765
- eISBN:
- 9780191771958
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265765.003.0005
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Language Families
This chapter examines the relationship between language beliefs and language ideologies among the Kvens in Northern Norway, and specifically how beliefs about Kven language transmission to future ...
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This chapter examines the relationship between language beliefs and language ideologies among the Kvens in Northern Norway, and specifically how beliefs about Kven language transmission to future generations are manifested in discourse about use of the language with children at home. A critical discourse analysis approach is adopted, analysing discursive structures, especially modal structures, and word choices. Critical attention is also paid to language ideology with a focus on power relationships and their effect on language and its use as a social practice. The goal is to analyse how linguistic beliefs about the Kven language are constructed, based on semi-structured interviews recorded in 2007 with 12 Kven-Norwegian bilinguals from Bugøynes in Northern Norway.Less
This chapter examines the relationship between language beliefs and language ideologies among the Kvens in Northern Norway, and specifically how beliefs about Kven language transmission to future generations are manifested in discourse about use of the language with children at home. A critical discourse analysis approach is adopted, analysing discursive structures, especially modal structures, and word choices. Critical attention is also paid to language ideology with a focus on power relationships and their effect on language and its use as a social practice. The goal is to analyse how linguistic beliefs about the Kven language are constructed, based on semi-structured interviews recorded in 2007 with 12 Kven-Norwegian bilinguals from Bugøynes in Northern Norway.
Claire E. Rasmussen
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816669561
- eISBN:
- 9781452946757
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816669561.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy
This chapter examines how the ideal of self-governance generates practices intended to cultivate autonomy by shaping individuals’ relationships to their own bodies. Adolescence is of particular focus ...
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This chapter examines how the ideal of self-governance generates practices intended to cultivate autonomy by shaping individuals’ relationships to their own bodies. Adolescence is of particular focus in this chapter, as the (lack of) maturity of adolescents is often put into question with regards to their bodily privileges, in whether or not they are able to make informed decisions regarding sexual intercourse, for example. The need to shape the development of subjects to ensure that they become productive citizens allows intervention into the lives of subjects deemed not-yet-autonomous. To qualify for the privilege of self-governance the individual must consistently exercise certain limitations and social expectations, or else risk exclusion or subjection to external control. The underlying context behind this ideal is that self-governance, rather than being an abstract set of norms and ideas, is the act of engaging a complex and shifting set of power relationships.Less
This chapter examines how the ideal of self-governance generates practices intended to cultivate autonomy by shaping individuals’ relationships to their own bodies. Adolescence is of particular focus in this chapter, as the (lack of) maturity of adolescents is often put into question with regards to their bodily privileges, in whether or not they are able to make informed decisions regarding sexual intercourse, for example. The need to shape the development of subjects to ensure that they become productive citizens allows intervention into the lives of subjects deemed not-yet-autonomous. To qualify for the privilege of self-governance the individual must consistently exercise certain limitations and social expectations, or else risk exclusion or subjection to external control. The underlying context behind this ideal is that self-governance, rather than being an abstract set of norms and ideas, is the act of engaging a complex and shifting set of power relationships.
Ewa K. Strzelecka and María Angustias Parejo
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781474415286
- eISBN:
- 9781474438551
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474415286.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Middle Eastern Politics
This chapter analyses the constitutional reform processes that have taken place in the MENA countries since the social uprisings in 2011.
The purpose of this study is to examine and compare the ...
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This chapter analyses the constitutional reform processes that have taken place in the MENA countries since the social uprisings in 2011.
The purpose of this study is to examine and compare the constitutional reform processes in order to offer key insights into these processes and to propose a typology of the dynamics of constitutional reform, and its scope in the MENA region. The aspects for analysis include procedures, consensus and dissent during the course of the constitutional process, and the content of the constitutional reforms. The emphasis is placed on the most important elements of the processes of constitutional change and of the content of the new constitutions, while paying particular attention to aspects related with the power of heads of state, the most frequently-debated reforms and the advancement of gender equality and women’s rights.
The authors conclude that constitutional processes are relevant, but not determinant for democratic change, with the exception of Tunisia. The scope of the constitutional amendments has been limited and has perpetuated the dominance of the authoritarian rulers. Many of the constitutional reforms after the Arab Spring have been the product of strategies for survival by the respective regimes and were promoted ‘top-down’ through a process that, in many countries, excluded the revolutionary movements and opposition groups that were not loyal to the regime.Less
This chapter analyses the constitutional reform processes that have taken place in the MENA countries since the social uprisings in 2011.
The purpose of this study is to examine and compare the constitutional reform processes in order to offer key insights into these processes and to propose a typology of the dynamics of constitutional reform, and its scope in the MENA region. The aspects for analysis include procedures, consensus and dissent during the course of the constitutional process, and the content of the constitutional reforms. The emphasis is placed on the most important elements of the processes of constitutional change and of the content of the new constitutions, while paying particular attention to aspects related with the power of heads of state, the most frequently-debated reforms and the advancement of gender equality and women’s rights.
The authors conclude that constitutional processes are relevant, but not determinant for democratic change, with the exception of Tunisia. The scope of the constitutional amendments has been limited and has perpetuated the dominance of the authoritarian rulers. Many of the constitutional reforms after the Arab Spring have been the product of strategies for survival by the respective regimes and were promoted ‘top-down’ through a process that, in many countries, excluded the revolutionary movements and opposition groups that were not loyal to the regime.
Victoria Veguilla
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781474415286
- eISBN:
- 9781474438551
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474415286.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Middle Eastern Politics
This chapter analyses the change (or continuity) of MENA regimes in a post-Arab Spring context, focusing on governments and power relationships. This chapter firstly analyses the place governments ...
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This chapter analyses the change (or continuity) of MENA regimes in a post-Arab Spring context, focusing on governments and power relationships. This chapter firstly analyses the place governments occupy in their respective political systems; how they are perceived by their populations; and the extent to which are they capable of managing violence and imposing their authority across the whole of their national territory. Governments are responsible for the policies carried out in their countries. Thus, many of the social protests - predominantly focused on the high levels of corruption - were directed against governments. However, while governments are perceived to be the institutions responsible for meeting citizens’ welfare needs, there are other non-elected institutions (formal or informal) with significant decision-making powers that are non-accountable, such as the presidents of the republic, the monarchs, and other national (the armed forces in the case of Egypt; armed groups in the cases of Libya, Syria and Yemen) or international actors (such as Saudi Arabia and Iran). On the other hand, this chapter studies changes in the power structure. The author finds evidence of greater power concentration, with the exception of the new democratic regime of Tunisia.Less
This chapter analyses the change (or continuity) of MENA regimes in a post-Arab Spring context, focusing on governments and power relationships. This chapter firstly analyses the place governments occupy in their respective political systems; how they are perceived by their populations; and the extent to which are they capable of managing violence and imposing their authority across the whole of their national territory. Governments are responsible for the policies carried out in their countries. Thus, many of the social protests - predominantly focused on the high levels of corruption - were directed against governments. However, while governments are perceived to be the institutions responsible for meeting citizens’ welfare needs, there are other non-elected institutions (formal or informal) with significant decision-making powers that are non-accountable, such as the presidents of the republic, the monarchs, and other national (the armed forces in the case of Egypt; armed groups in the cases of Libya, Syria and Yemen) or international actors (such as Saudi Arabia and Iran). On the other hand, this chapter studies changes in the power structure. The author finds evidence of greater power concentration, with the exception of the new democratic regime of Tunisia.
