Colin Crouch
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199286652
- eISBN:
- 9780191713354
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199286652.003.0007
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Political Economy
This concluding chapter resumes the argument and discusses the role of power imbalances. It then presents a research programme for the next stage of neo-institutional analysis. Elements of the ...
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This concluding chapter resumes the argument and discusses the role of power imbalances. It then presents a research programme for the next stage of neo-institutional analysis. Elements of the programme include defining the context, specifying capacities, specifying the available governance range, ranking the modes, mapping the fields, and observing the actors.Less
This concluding chapter resumes the argument and discusses the role of power imbalances. It then presents a research programme for the next stage of neo-institutional analysis. Elements of the programme include defining the context, specifying capacities, specifying the available governance range, ranking the modes, mapping the fields, and observing the actors.
Faye Mishna
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199795406
- eISBN:
- 9780199949687
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199795406.003.0008
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
This chapter will set the stage for examining and addressing bullying with a discussion on the pervasiveness of bullying of children and adolescents around the world along with an overview of the ...
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This chapter will set the stage for examining and addressing bullying with a discussion on the pervasiveness of bullying of children and adolescents around the world along with an overview of the short term and potential long lasting effects of bullying. Also included will be a review of the confusion and controversies surrounding the term “bullying.” The term “bullying” typically is defined as a form of aggression which can be direct or indirect and includes physical, verbal or psychological and relational acts, that is intentional and occurs in a relationship characterized by a power imbalance, and is repeated over time. Notwithstanding the complexity of bullying and ensuing difficulties in defining and recognizing bullying, the damage caused by bullying can be considerable and far reaching. The adult-child relationship in particular influences the ability of children and youth to manage in many areas, including bullying situations.Less
This chapter will set the stage for examining and addressing bullying with a discussion on the pervasiveness of bullying of children and adolescents around the world along with an overview of the short term and potential long lasting effects of bullying. Also included will be a review of the confusion and controversies surrounding the term “bullying.” The term “bullying” typically is defined as a form of aggression which can be direct or indirect and includes physical, verbal or psychological and relational acts, that is intentional and occurs in a relationship characterized by a power imbalance, and is repeated over time. Notwithstanding the complexity of bullying and ensuing difficulties in defining and recognizing bullying, the damage caused by bullying can be considerable and far reaching. The adult-child relationship in particular influences the ability of children and youth to manage in many areas, including bullying situations.
Taylor Marjorie Mayo and Marilyn
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861342201
- eISBN:
- 9781447302919
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861342201.003.0003
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter examines the challenges inherent in partnership working with communities and service users and the questions of power and power imbalances in partnerships for community regeneration. It ...
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This chapter examines the challenges inherent in partnership working with communities and service users and the questions of power and power imbalances in partnerships for community regeneration. It describes the evaluations of a range of regeneration initiatives and considers how far the continuing barriers to partnership can be eroded and the tensions addressed. It discusses some of the practical steps that need to be taken to strengthen partnership working in policy making, service delivery, consultation and training.Less
This chapter examines the challenges inherent in partnership working with communities and service users and the questions of power and power imbalances in partnerships for community regeneration. It describes the evaluations of a range of regeneration initiatives and considers how far the continuing barriers to partnership can be eroded and the tensions addressed. It discusses some of the practical steps that need to be taken to strengthen partnership working in policy making, service delivery, consultation and training.
Rachel St. John
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691141541
- eISBN:
- 9781400838639
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691141541.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This concluding chapter argues that the power imbalance between the United States and Mexico has been reflected in the politics of border control. Although U.S. and Mexican officials continued to ...
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This concluding chapter argues that the power imbalance between the United States and Mexico has been reflected in the politics of border control. Although U.S. and Mexican officials continued to negotiate bilateral border agreements and cooperative enforcement measures, the twentieth-century border was most influenced by the United States' political and economic agendas as well as the persistent challenges to those goals. From the 1930s through the end of the twentieth century, U.S. border policy primarily focused on encouraging the flow of transborder trade, while regulating the movement of Mexican immigrants and stemming the stream of illegal drugs across the boundary line.Less
This concluding chapter argues that the power imbalance between the United States and Mexico has been reflected in the politics of border control. Although U.S. and Mexican officials continued to negotiate bilateral border agreements and cooperative enforcement measures, the twentieth-century border was most influenced by the United States' political and economic agendas as well as the persistent challenges to those goals. From the 1930s through the end of the twentieth century, U.S. border policy primarily focused on encouraging the flow of transborder trade, while regulating the movement of Mexican immigrants and stemming the stream of illegal drugs across the boundary line.
Gareth Porter
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520239487
- eISBN:
- 9780520940406
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520239487.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter investigates the decisions on ground troop deployments, culminating in the final decision for a major ground troop deployment in mid-1965. It also reviews the effect of the global ...
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This chapter investigates the decisions on ground troop deployments, culminating in the final decision for a major ground troop deployment in mid-1965. It also reviews the effect of the global imbalance of power, and that of the Byzantine domestic politics of blame for any future defeat in South Vietnam. The incentive for systematic bombing of the North was underlined by a new intelligence estimate in October that reemphasized the importance of U.S. military dominance over North Vietnam and China. Johnson's rejection of even the threat of massive devastation to try to put pressure on the North Vietnamese made the bombing policy very different from what had been envisioned by the national security bureaucracy. Johnson's final effort to avert an open-ended general war in Vietnam concluded with political theater. Robert McNamara abandoned the limited commitment option just as Johnson was trying to make it official policy.Less
This chapter investigates the decisions on ground troop deployments, culminating in the final decision for a major ground troop deployment in mid-1965. It also reviews the effect of the global imbalance of power, and that of the Byzantine domestic politics of blame for any future defeat in South Vietnam. The incentive for systematic bombing of the North was underlined by a new intelligence estimate in October that reemphasized the importance of U.S. military dominance over North Vietnam and China. Johnson's rejection of even the threat of massive devastation to try to put pressure on the North Vietnamese made the bombing policy very different from what had been envisioned by the national security bureaucracy. Johnson's final effort to avert an open-ended general war in Vietnam concluded with political theater. Robert McNamara abandoned the limited commitment option just as Johnson was trying to make it official policy.
Cynthia Cockburn
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520230729
- eISBN:
- 9780520937055
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520230729.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gender and Sexuality
This chapter suggests that a gender perspective on the successive moments in the flux of peace and war is not an optional extra but a stark necessity. It shows what some of features of conflict and ...
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This chapter suggests that a gender perspective on the successive moments in the flux of peace and war is not an optional extra but a stark necessity. It shows what some of features of conflict and conflict resolution are and describes relations between them that suggest a continuum of violence. Gender power is seen to shape the dynamics of every site of human interaction, from the household to the international arena. A gender analysis reveals imbalanced sex distributions. The economic distress, militarization, and divisive shifts in ideology are considered. It then explores the three manifestly gendered elements of war: mobilization into the armed forces; the catastrophic disruption of everyday life; and brutalization of the body. The three aspects of postconflict situations are explored: displacement; economic and social reconstruction; and aid, justice, and reconciliation. The power imbalance of gender relations in most societies generates cultures of masculinity prone to violence.Less
This chapter suggests that a gender perspective on the successive moments in the flux of peace and war is not an optional extra but a stark necessity. It shows what some of features of conflict and conflict resolution are and describes relations between them that suggest a continuum of violence. Gender power is seen to shape the dynamics of every site of human interaction, from the household to the international arena. A gender analysis reveals imbalanced sex distributions. The economic distress, militarization, and divisive shifts in ideology are considered. It then explores the three manifestly gendered elements of war: mobilization into the armed forces; the catastrophic disruption of everyday life; and brutalization of the body. The three aspects of postconflict situations are explored: displacement; economic and social reconstruction; and aid, justice, and reconciliation. The power imbalance of gender relations in most societies generates cultures of masculinity prone to violence.
Sandra Pogodda and Oliver P. Richmond
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781474402170
- eISBN:
- 9781474418720
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474402170.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Conflict Politics and Policy
This chapter examines the emergence of everyday state-formation movements. With the peace process discredited through the abuse of the power imbalance between the conflict parties, pockets of local ...
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This chapter examines the emergence of everyday state-formation movements. With the peace process discredited through the abuse of the power imbalance between the conflict parties, pockets of local agency in Palestine have shifted their emancipatory struggle from peace towards creating the conditions for a viable and inclusionary state. The chapter then introduces and analyses the concept of everyday state formation as the capacity — and limitations — of non-violent grassroots movements to delineate the political space of an emerging state by pushing back external coercive power and the governmentality of pacification. Everyday state formation illustrates the internal tensions of contemporary statebuilding: without reconciliation across multiple scales — local to global — the complex interactions of structural, governmental, and subaltern power will tend to build societal fragility into emerging state structures.Less
This chapter examines the emergence of everyday state-formation movements. With the peace process discredited through the abuse of the power imbalance between the conflict parties, pockets of local agency in Palestine have shifted their emancipatory struggle from peace towards creating the conditions for a viable and inclusionary state. The chapter then introduces and analyses the concept of everyday state formation as the capacity — and limitations — of non-violent grassroots movements to delineate the political space of an emerging state by pushing back external coercive power and the governmentality of pacification. Everyday state formation illustrates the internal tensions of contemporary statebuilding: without reconciliation across multiple scales — local to global — the complex interactions of structural, governmental, and subaltern power will tend to build societal fragility into emerging state structures.
Katherine Fierlbeck
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719049958
- eISBN:
- 9781781701416
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719049958.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
This chapter describes the romanticization of democracy. As democracy has become more prevalent and more successful, it is seen as superficial and unsatisfying. The current romanticization of ...
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This chapter describes the romanticization of democracy. As democracy has become more prevalent and more successful, it is seen as superficial and unsatisfying. The current romanticization of democracy is closely tied to the development of the concept of autonomy. The German Romantics discussed autonomy and individual liberty without reference to democracy, while Jean-Jacques Rousseau discussed autonomy with reference to democracy, but at the expense of individual liberties. The best form of democracy for a globalized world is one in which clear and impartial institutions permit individuals enough room to sort out subjective issues like ‘meaningfulness’ in their own way. The cultural rights are necessary to address power imbalances. ‘Democracy’ must ensure a clear measure of the diffusion of power within states; but recognition of ‘state sovereignty’ does not require that states be seen as democratic.Less
This chapter describes the romanticization of democracy. As democracy has become more prevalent and more successful, it is seen as superficial and unsatisfying. The current romanticization of democracy is closely tied to the development of the concept of autonomy. The German Romantics discussed autonomy and individual liberty without reference to democracy, while Jean-Jacques Rousseau discussed autonomy with reference to democracy, but at the expense of individual liberties. The best form of democracy for a globalized world is one in which clear and impartial institutions permit individuals enough room to sort out subjective issues like ‘meaningfulness’ in their own way. The cultural rights are necessary to address power imbalances. ‘Democracy’ must ensure a clear measure of the diffusion of power within states; but recognition of ‘state sovereignty’ does not require that states be seen as democratic.
Darshan Vigneswaran
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199669394
- eISBN:
- 9780191748752
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199669394.003.0007
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology, Human Rights and Immigration
The relative power imbalances between, on the one hand, powerful states and international organizations, and, on the other, African policy makers, has meant that international organizations seeking ...
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The relative power imbalances between, on the one hand, powerful states and international organizations, and, on the other, African policy makers, has meant that international organizations seeking to impose international norms, treaties, and institutions concerning human trafficking, drugs, and intellectual property have been able to influence significantly the way domestic or local actors in Africa respond to issues like informal migration and human trafficking. This chapter examines the specific mechanisms through which such similar power imbalances frame local policing strategy. It suggests that the tendency of South African officials to privilege mobility narratives over other ways of scripting a potential crime may be partly attributed to their highly unique historical context: as inheritors of the apartheid tradition of policing separateness.Less
The relative power imbalances between, on the one hand, powerful states and international organizations, and, on the other, African policy makers, has meant that international organizations seeking to impose international norms, treaties, and institutions concerning human trafficking, drugs, and intellectual property have been able to influence significantly the way domestic or local actors in Africa respond to issues like informal migration and human trafficking. This chapter examines the specific mechanisms through which such similar power imbalances frame local policing strategy. It suggests that the tendency of South African officials to privilege mobility narratives over other ways of scripting a potential crime may be partly attributed to their highly unique historical context: as inheritors of the apartheid tradition of policing separateness.
Jean-Marie Baland and Roberta Ziparo
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- November 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198829591
- eISBN:
- 9780191868115
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198829591.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter assesses the relevance of the collective model for the analysis of households in poor countries. As an economic unit, a household creates the possibility of mutual gains for spouses ...
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This chapter assesses the relevance of the collective model for the analysis of households in poor countries. As an economic unit, a household creates the possibility of mutual gains for spouses thanks to the possibility of joint consumption of public goods, risk sharing, etc. The collective model assumes that households behave efficiently, in the sense that there is no misallocation or waste of household resources, given the outside options of each spouse. This chapter bridges the theoretical literature describing efficient intra-household behaviour and the development literature that collects empirical regularities pointing toward the existence of strategic decision making among spouses. It examines the key elements of the collective model and discusses its relevance to analysing intra-household behaviour in poor countries. It explores the role that risk and uncertainty, information asymmetries, power imbalances, arranged marriages, strategic investment, gender norms, and extended households play in the attainment of efficiency.Less
This chapter assesses the relevance of the collective model for the analysis of households in poor countries. As an economic unit, a household creates the possibility of mutual gains for spouses thanks to the possibility of joint consumption of public goods, risk sharing, etc. The collective model assumes that households behave efficiently, in the sense that there is no misallocation or waste of household resources, given the outside options of each spouse. This chapter bridges the theoretical literature describing efficient intra-household behaviour and the development literature that collects empirical regularities pointing toward the existence of strategic decision making among spouses. It examines the key elements of the collective model and discusses its relevance to analysing intra-household behaviour in poor countries. It explores the role that risk and uncertainty, information asymmetries, power imbalances, arranged marriages, strategic investment, gender norms, and extended households play in the attainment of efficiency.
Stève Sainlaude
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781469649948
- eISBN:
- 9781469649962
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469649948.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, American History: Civil War
From the start of the war, the French agents in the U.S. saw the North’s demographic, economic, financial, and technological superiority. However, faced with the staunch determination of the enemy ...
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From the start of the war, the French agents in the U.S. saw the North’s demographic, economic, financial, and technological superiority. However, faced with the staunch determination of the enemy troops, the Union’s military superiority remained in question. French Consul Alfred Paul in Richmond aptly predicted from the beginning that war was inevitable, as was a Union victory. His analysis shaped the view of the Tuileries cabinet on the overall military situation. The imperial government considered that the South’s chances of winning its independence depended on the Federal government’s either backing out in the face of the rebels’ prodigious efforts or being rejected through the ballot box. Paris realized the extent of the North’s potential when Lincoln’s persistence in the war was rewarded with electoral triumph, strengthening his administration.Less
From the start of the war, the French agents in the U.S. saw the North’s demographic, economic, financial, and technological superiority. However, faced with the staunch determination of the enemy troops, the Union’s military superiority remained in question. French Consul Alfred Paul in Richmond aptly predicted from the beginning that war was inevitable, as was a Union victory. His analysis shaped the view of the Tuileries cabinet on the overall military situation. The imperial government considered that the South’s chances of winning its independence depended on the Federal government’s either backing out in the face of the rebels’ prodigious efforts or being rejected through the ballot box. Paris realized the extent of the North’s potential when Lincoln’s persistence in the war was rewarded with electoral triumph, strengthening his administration.
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226680583
- eISBN:
- 9780226680576
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226680576.003.0028
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Religion
This chapter proposes a design for a museum of Saramakas' history. It suggests having separate rooms for different eras, from the early eighteenth century to the twenty-first century. This museum ...
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This chapter proposes a design for a museum of Saramakas' history. It suggests having separate rooms for different eras, from the early eighteenth century to the twenty-first century. This museum would be dominated by the continuities of white oppression and by the vast imbalances of power and would include Samarakas' refusal to accept the whites' definition of the situation and their successful creation of a separate world of their own.Less
This chapter proposes a design for a museum of Saramakas' history. It suggests having separate rooms for different eras, from the early eighteenth century to the twenty-first century. This museum would be dominated by the continuities of white oppression and by the vast imbalances of power and would include Samarakas' refusal to accept the whites' definition of the situation and their successful creation of a separate world of their own.
Anna Lora-Wainwright
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780262036320
- eISBN:
- 9780262341097
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262036320.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
The last substantive chapter examines a third case study which differs in important ways from the first two. Unlike Baocun and Qiancun, Guiyu town is a well-known, indeed a notorious environmental ...
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The last substantive chapter examines a third case study which differs in important ways from the first two. Unlike Baocun and Qiancun, Guiyu town is a well-known, indeed a notorious environmental health hotspot. Pollution is caused by a vast and complex cottage industry processing electronic waste. Chapter 5 explores how such “e-waste work” became closely embedded within the local community, family and social relations, as domestic and work spaces were inextricably blurred. It disaggregates the black box of “e-waste work” to show how it evolved over time, the great diversity that composes the sector, how the government attempted to regulate particular activities within it and why their efforts were not fully effective. It shows that, as in Baocun and Qiancun, the economic benefits and environmental costs of these activities are unevenly distributed. By describing a range of diverse e-waste workers engaged in a spectrum of more or less polluting work, the chapter illustrates how locals fashion counter-discourses of relative harm to excuse their practices and avoid blame. In these circumstances, as in Baocun, toxicity is naturalised and parameters of health are adjusted to normalise and accept widespread pollution-induced ailments.Less
The last substantive chapter examines a third case study which differs in important ways from the first two. Unlike Baocun and Qiancun, Guiyu town is a well-known, indeed a notorious environmental health hotspot. Pollution is caused by a vast and complex cottage industry processing electronic waste. Chapter 5 explores how such “e-waste work” became closely embedded within the local community, family and social relations, as domestic and work spaces were inextricably blurred. It disaggregates the black box of “e-waste work” to show how it evolved over time, the great diversity that composes the sector, how the government attempted to regulate particular activities within it and why their efforts were not fully effective. It shows that, as in Baocun and Qiancun, the economic benefits and environmental costs of these activities are unevenly distributed. By describing a range of diverse e-waste workers engaged in a spectrum of more or less polluting work, the chapter illustrates how locals fashion counter-discourses of relative harm to excuse their practices and avoid blame. In these circumstances, as in Baocun, toxicity is naturalised and parameters of health are adjusted to normalise and accept widespread pollution-induced ailments.
Natalie Joseph-Williams, Adrian Edwards, and Glyn Elwyn
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198723448
- eISBN:
- 9780191790096
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198723448.003.0008
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
By looking at patient reported barriers to shared decision making (SDM), this chapter considers how clinicians and health care providers can best prepare patients to become involved in SDM. There are ...
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By looking at patient reported barriers to shared decision making (SDM), this chapter considers how clinicians and health care providers can best prepare patients to become involved in SDM. There are many methods proposed – these include question prompts that encourage patients to ask questions to clinicians. Some of these propmts are general question, other forms are condition-specific: both types of prompts are being evaluated in further research. Other methods to prepare patients include the provision of knowledge tools such as patient decision aids, either before clinical encounters or within visits. Patients’ attitudes towards the concept of being active participants in health care decision making is a key patient reported barrier. This chapter provides examples of existing interventions that aim to prepare patients for SDM, and considers how future interventions can best prepare patients, based on the key patient reported barriers.Less
By looking at patient reported barriers to shared decision making (SDM), this chapter considers how clinicians and health care providers can best prepare patients to become involved in SDM. There are many methods proposed – these include question prompts that encourage patients to ask questions to clinicians. Some of these propmts are general question, other forms are condition-specific: both types of prompts are being evaluated in further research. Other methods to prepare patients include the provision of knowledge tools such as patient decision aids, either before clinical encounters or within visits. Patients’ attitudes towards the concept of being active participants in health care decision making is a key patient reported barrier. This chapter provides examples of existing interventions that aim to prepare patients for SDM, and considers how future interventions can best prepare patients, based on the key patient reported barriers.
