Robert Lee and Richard Lawton
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853234357
- eISBN:
- 9781846313837
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780853234357.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This introductory chapter discusses the theme of this book, which is about the demographic characteristics of port cities in Western Europe and their role in urbanisation during the period from 1650 ...
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This introductory chapter discusses the theme of this book, which is about the demographic characteristics of port cities in Western Europe and their role in urbanisation during the period from 1650 to 1939. The book describes the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of port-cities, and considers the hypothesis that the demographic profile of a city is a reflection of its function which suggests that different city types can be associated historically with the role of different components in urban population growth. It also discusses the urban social problems in port-cities, particularly in the port transport industry and related secondary-sector activities.Less
This introductory chapter discusses the theme of this book, which is about the demographic characteristics of port cities in Western Europe and their role in urbanisation during the period from 1650 to 1939. The book describes the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of port-cities, and considers the hypothesis that the demographic profile of a city is a reflection of its function which suggests that different city types can be associated historically with the role of different components in urban population growth. It also discusses the urban social problems in port-cities, particularly in the port transport industry and related secondary-sector activities.
Richard Lawton and Robert Lee (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853234357
- eISBN:
- 9781846313837
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/UPO9781846313837
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This book brings together ten original papers on the population dynamics and development of Western European port cities. In a substantial overview chapter, the editors examine ‘Port Development and ...
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This book brings together ten original papers on the population dynamics and development of Western European port cities. In a substantial overview chapter, the editors examine ‘Port Development and the Demographic Dynamics of European Urbanisation’, setting in context the individual case studies that follow. These studies of Bremen, Cork, Genoa, Glasgow, Hamburg, Liverpool, Malmo, Nantes, Portsmouth, and Trieste provide an enhancement of our understanding of the particular socio-economic and demographic characteristics of port cities, and point to the existence of a particular port demographic regime. They emphasise the central importance of the high proportion of unskilled and casual labour, the susceptibility of cyclical employment, the inflated risk of epidemic infection, and other demographic and economic factors specific to port cities.Less
This book brings together ten original papers on the population dynamics and development of Western European port cities. In a substantial overview chapter, the editors examine ‘Port Development and the Demographic Dynamics of European Urbanisation’, setting in context the individual case studies that follow. These studies of Bremen, Cork, Genoa, Glasgow, Hamburg, Liverpool, Malmo, Nantes, Portsmouth, and Trieste provide an enhancement of our understanding of the particular socio-economic and demographic characteristics of port cities, and point to the existence of a particular port demographic regime. They emphasise the central importance of the high proportion of unskilled and casual labour, the susceptibility of cyclical employment, the inflated risk of epidemic infection, and other demographic and economic factors specific to port cities.
Arang Keshavarzian
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190499372
- eISBN:
- 9780190638504
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190499372.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Middle Eastern Politics
The Persian Gulf has always been transnational or “glocal”, but the processes and mechanisms of transnationalization have changed in a way that has resulted in a morphological separation of ports ...
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The Persian Gulf has always been transnational or “glocal”, but the processes and mechanisms of transnationalization have changed in a way that has resulted in a morphological separation of ports from cities; a less integrated regional network of ports; and cities where homogeneity and unity, in terms of identity, class, and citizenship-status, are privileged and differences are rendered as threats that must be neutralized and controlled. This chapter offers a broad comparative perspective on the nature of urban forms and relationships at the beginning and end of the twentieth century in the Persian Gulf. It focuses on urban centers as “port cities” by considering how this form of urbanism has been revoked by and for new technologies, modes of accumulation, and forms of political control. The port cities of Basra, Bushehr, and Bandar Abbas are used as examples to illustrate how these different cities have experienced similar, yet dramatic changes in their political economies.Less
The Persian Gulf has always been transnational or “glocal”, but the processes and mechanisms of transnationalization have changed in a way that has resulted in a morphological separation of ports from cities; a less integrated regional network of ports; and cities where homogeneity and unity, in terms of identity, class, and citizenship-status, are privileged and differences are rendered as threats that must be neutralized and controlled. This chapter offers a broad comparative perspective on the nature of urban forms and relationships at the beginning and end of the twentieth century in the Persian Gulf. It focuses on urban centers as “port cities” by considering how this form of urbanism has been revoked by and for new technologies, modes of accumulation, and forms of political control. The port cities of Basra, Bushehr, and Bandar Abbas are used as examples to illustrate how these different cities have experienced similar, yet dramatic changes in their political economies.
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520268838
- eISBN:
- 9780520948860
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520268838.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
The history of the Los Angeles area abounds with the gargantuan, the fantastic. Settled more than sixteen miles inland from a shallow, unprotected bay, it has made itself into one of the great port ...
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The history of the Los Angeles area abounds with the gargantuan, the fantastic. Settled more than sixteen miles inland from a shallow, unprotected bay, it has made itself into one of the great port cities of the world; lying far off the normal axes of transportation and isolated by high mountains, it has become one of the great railroad centers of the country; lacking a water supply adequate for a large city, it has brought in a supply from rivers and mountain streams hundreds of miles away. This chapter describes the arrival of adventurers from Spain and Portugal, the founding of Los Angeles, Mexican rule, the emergence of Los Angeles as a modern American metropolis, the quest for water, the city's participation in war, and the impact of the Depression after the 1929 stock crash.Less
The history of the Los Angeles area abounds with the gargantuan, the fantastic. Settled more than sixteen miles inland from a shallow, unprotected bay, it has made itself into one of the great port cities of the world; lying far off the normal axes of transportation and isolated by high mountains, it has become one of the great railroad centers of the country; lacking a water supply adequate for a large city, it has brought in a supply from rivers and mountain streams hundreds of miles away. This chapter describes the arrival of adventurers from Spain and Portugal, the founding of Los Angeles, Mexican rule, the emergence of Los Angeles as a modern American metropolis, the quest for water, the city's participation in war, and the impact of the Depression after the 1929 stock crash.
Mehran Kamrava
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190499372
- eISBN:
- 9780190638504
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190499372.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Middle Eastern Politics
Certain Arab cities of the Persian Gulf have emerged as models to which the other cities of Middle East are aspiring. This chapter identifies three ideal types of port cities across the Persian Gulf, ...
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Certain Arab cities of the Persian Gulf have emerged as models to which the other cities of Middle East are aspiring. This chapter identifies three ideal types of port cities across the Persian Gulf, namely company towns, secondary cities, and aspiring global cities. It is argued that the aspiring global cities predominate the life of the entire country and overshadow all other urban formations by being the main recipients of public and private attention and resources. As a consequence, the potential significance of secondary cities and company towns both at home and abroad is impeded due to policy neglect and inadequate resources. In the course of the discussion, this chapter also illustrates that active engagement with and participation in globalization may have propelled these cities into a higher plain of infrastructural development and modern urbanism; but it has also brought massive migration of laborers in search of employment and unsettling levels of demographic imbalance.Less
Certain Arab cities of the Persian Gulf have emerged as models to which the other cities of Middle East are aspiring. This chapter identifies three ideal types of port cities across the Persian Gulf, namely company towns, secondary cities, and aspiring global cities. It is argued that the aspiring global cities predominate the life of the entire country and overshadow all other urban formations by being the main recipients of public and private attention and resources. As a consequence, the potential significance of secondary cities and company towns both at home and abroad is impeded due to policy neglect and inadequate resources. In the course of the discussion, this chapter also illustrates that active engagement with and participation in globalization may have propelled these cities into a higher plain of infrastructural development and modern urbanism; but it has also brought massive migration of laborers in search of employment and unsettling levels of demographic imbalance.
Mehran Kamrava
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190499372
- eISBN:
- 9780190638504
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190499372.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Middle Eastern Politics
This chapter provides an overview of the content of the book as well as an analysis of the role and significance of port cities in the Persian Gulf. Ports and port cities have evolved at the ...
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This chapter provides an overview of the content of the book as well as an analysis of the role and significance of port cities in the Persian Gulf. Ports and port cities have evolved at the intersection of local and global forces with port cities having historically played a crucial role as relay stations in globalization by constituting important hubs of trade and traffic. This chapter highlights that the increasing levels of state intervention in urban planning during the recent decades, and the resulting discontinuities and disjunctures in urban form, constitute some of the important and relatively universal hallmarks of the Persian Gulf’s port cities. It illustrates that the focus of the book is to explore the internal and external dynamics that have shaped the contemporary port cities of the Persian Gulf, and to examine how these dynamics came about, the ways in which they manifest themselves, and their consequences.Less
This chapter provides an overview of the content of the book as well as an analysis of the role and significance of port cities in the Persian Gulf. Ports and port cities have evolved at the intersection of local and global forces with port cities having historically played a crucial role as relay stations in globalization by constituting important hubs of trade and traffic. This chapter highlights that the increasing levels of state intervention in urban planning during the recent decades, and the resulting discontinuities and disjunctures in urban form, constitute some of the important and relatively universal hallmarks of the Persian Gulf’s port cities. It illustrates that the focus of the book is to explore the internal and external dynamics that have shaped the contemporary port cities of the Persian Gulf, and to examine how these dynamics came about, the ways in which they manifest themselves, and their consequences.
Allen James Fromherz
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780748642946
- eISBN:
- 9781474418850
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748642946.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This chapter explores the history and culture of Tunis, which prospered in the ninth century from trade, slavery, naval-merchant exchange, and raiding. Located on the western coast of Italy, the ...
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This chapter explores the history and culture of Tunis, which prospered in the ninth century from trade, slavery, naval-merchant exchange, and raiding. Located on the western coast of Italy, the opportunity of the sea made a protected and strategic port city such as Tunis capable of thriving. Although it never became a city at the level of Rome or Cairo, Tunis was often close to this status. It had been on the verge of empire at its height, a stopover point for ideas and movements far more extensive than its immediate surroundings. Tunis at one point would be recognized in Mecca and Madina as the capital of the Caliph — leader of the Islamic world. It eventually became a significant center of learning, trade, and commerce that not only raided but also rivaled European cities well into the medieval period.Less
This chapter explores the history and culture of Tunis, which prospered in the ninth century from trade, slavery, naval-merchant exchange, and raiding. Located on the western coast of Italy, the opportunity of the sea made a protected and strategic port city such as Tunis capable of thriving. Although it never became a city at the level of Rome or Cairo, Tunis was often close to this status. It had been on the verge of empire at its height, a stopover point for ideas and movements far more extensive than its immediate surroundings. Tunis at one point would be recognized in Mecca and Madina as the capital of the Caliph — leader of the Islamic world. It eventually became a significant center of learning, trade, and commerce that not only raided but also rivaled European cities well into the medieval period.
Chi-Kong Lai
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780969588580
- eISBN:
- 9781786944856
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780969588580.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This essay addresses Chinese maritime history and investigates a range of topics, including the international nature of research in Chinese maritime history; new archives and recent research in ...
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This essay addresses Chinese maritime history and investigates a range of topics, including the international nature of research in Chinese maritime history; new archives and recent research in shipping and shipbuilding; maritime trade; ports and port cities; and maritime communities. It also focuses on Mitsubishi-Nippon Yusen Kaisha (NYK) and China Merchants' Steam Navigation Company, two major Chinese and Japanese merchant shipping companies and provides suggestions on future directions of maritime history in East Asia.Less
This essay addresses Chinese maritime history and investigates a range of topics, including the international nature of research in Chinese maritime history; new archives and recent research in shipping and shipbuilding; maritime trade; ports and port cities; and maritime communities. It also focuses on Mitsubishi-Nippon Yusen Kaisha (NYK) and China Merchants' Steam Navigation Company, two major Chinese and Japanese merchant shipping companies and provides suggestions on future directions of maritime history in East Asia.
Francesca Bregoli
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780804786508
- eISBN:
- 9780804791595
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804786508.003.0002
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Jewish Studies
This chapter offers an introduction to Jewish life in Livorno while investigating the close bonds connecting Livornese Jews with the Tuscan state and culture. It first discusses the Livornina charter ...
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This chapter offers an introduction to Jewish life in Livorno while investigating the close bonds connecting Livornese Jews with the Tuscan state and culture. It first discusses the Livornina charter (1593), which lay the ground for Jewish life in the Tuscan port, and the exceptional status of Livorno. It then moves to analyzing the interconnection between the governance structures of the nazione ebrea and the Tuscan administration, an arrangement that distinguishes Livorno from other contemporary Sephardi centers. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of the Tuscan Enlightenment in the study of Livornese Jewish history. Under the rule of Francis Stephen of Lorraine and Peter Leopold of Habsburg-Lorraine Tuscan culture and policies were defined by attention to economic, social, and cultural reform. This reforming vocation provides a vantage point to study the Livornese Jewish encounter with outside culture as well as the ways in which Livornese Jews engaged with Enlightenment policies.Less
This chapter offers an introduction to Jewish life in Livorno while investigating the close bonds connecting Livornese Jews with the Tuscan state and culture. It first discusses the Livornina charter (1593), which lay the ground for Jewish life in the Tuscan port, and the exceptional status of Livorno. It then moves to analyzing the interconnection between the governance structures of the nazione ebrea and the Tuscan administration, an arrangement that distinguishes Livorno from other contemporary Sephardi centers. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of the Tuscan Enlightenment in the study of Livornese Jewish history. Under the rule of Francis Stephen of Lorraine and Peter Leopold of Habsburg-Lorraine Tuscan culture and policies were defined by attention to economic, social, and cultural reform. This reforming vocation provides a vantage point to study the Livornese Jewish encounter with outside culture as well as the ways in which Livornese Jews engaged with Enlightenment policies.
Tirthankar Roy
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198063780
- eISBN:
- 9780199080144
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198063780.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Economic History
This chapter examines the link between new work opportunities, managerial paradigms, collective bargaining, and organized labour supply in India. Between 1800 and 1920, millions of people deserted ...
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This chapter examines the link between new work opportunities, managerial paradigms, collective bargaining, and organized labour supply in India. Between 1800 and 1920, millions of people deserted their homes and jobs to find employment opportunities in new enterprises inside India and overseas. The employment of wage workers increased dramatically in scale and diversity during the colonial period. In the nineteenth century, migrant labourers formed nothing like a traditional social unit and were predominantly males who had left their families and villages behind. Migrant labourers formed teams in the plantations and textile factories around headmen, and this team concept was used by the employers to introduce supervision and training. This transformation is analysed by focusing on four case studies — eighteenth-century port cities, indentured workers to Mauritius in the early nineteenth century, Assam tea workers in the late nineteenth century, and cotton mill labourers in Bombay in the interwar period.Less
This chapter examines the link between new work opportunities, managerial paradigms, collective bargaining, and organized labour supply in India. Between 1800 and 1920, millions of people deserted their homes and jobs to find employment opportunities in new enterprises inside India and overseas. The employment of wage workers increased dramatically in scale and diversity during the colonial period. In the nineteenth century, migrant labourers formed nothing like a traditional social unit and were predominantly males who had left their families and villages behind. Migrant labourers formed teams in the plantations and textile factories around headmen, and this team concept was used by the employers to introduce supervision and training. This transformation is analysed by focusing on four case studies — eighteenth-century port cities, indentured workers to Mauritius in the early nineteenth century, Assam tea workers in the late nineteenth century, and cotton mill labourers in Bombay in the interwar period.
Toufoul Abou-Hodeib
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780804799799
- eISBN:
- 9781503601475
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804799799.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This chapter introduces the concept of domesticity and sets the general historical background for the rest of the book. Looking at how new ideas on Ottoman urban management in Istanbul and foreign ...
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This chapter introduces the concept of domesticity and sets the general historical background for the rest of the book. Looking at how new ideas on Ottoman urban management in Istanbul and foreign investments in infrastructure helped transform Beirut from a sleepy harbor town to major entrepôt, the chapter also foregrounds how the emergence of a middle class shaped life in the city. It explores the various characteristics of the middle class and places it in the context of the nahda, the late-nineteenth, early-twentieth century vibrant intellectual and cultural production in Arabic. It also investigates how the middle class spread across the city's new neighborhoods. Finally, the chapter closes with an overview of the archival sources used in the book.Less
This chapter introduces the concept of domesticity and sets the general historical background for the rest of the book. Looking at how new ideas on Ottoman urban management in Istanbul and foreign investments in infrastructure helped transform Beirut from a sleepy harbor town to major entrepôt, the chapter also foregrounds how the emergence of a middle class shaped life in the city. It explores the various characteristics of the middle class and places it in the context of the nahda, the late-nineteenth, early-twentieth century vibrant intellectual and cultural production in Arabic. It also investigates how the middle class spread across the city's new neighborhoods. Finally, the chapter closes with an overview of the archival sources used in the book.
Mehran Kamrava (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190499372
- eISBN:
- 9780190638504
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190499372.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Middle Eastern Politics
Glittering skylines, high urbanization rates, and massive development projects have been common characteristics of the cities in the Persian Gulf. In order to understand the city as a cultural and ...
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Glittering skylines, high urbanization rates, and massive development projects have been common characteristics of the cities in the Persian Gulf. In order to understand the city as a cultural and social space, this book explores the changing urban face of the Persian Gulf cities, as well as the processes and consequences of transformations that have occurred at an incredibly rapid pace. While some of these cities have rapidly evolved from regional centers of cultural and economic exchange to globalizing cities deeply embedded within the global economy, others have either left their best days behind them or largely retained their traditional fabrics. Yet forces of globalization and migration, national conceptualizations of citizenship, and various political and economic structures have collectively underpinned the politics of urban planning and development in the port cities of the Persian Gulf. The focus of this book revolves around the internal and external dynamics and developments that have shaped these contemporary port cities, and their roles, changing face, and broader consequences for the region and beyond. The Persian Gulf has long been a gateway to the world. This book provides a comprehensive study of the nature and importance, rise and fall, and domestic and international consequences of its port cities in modern times.Less
Glittering skylines, high urbanization rates, and massive development projects have been common characteristics of the cities in the Persian Gulf. In order to understand the city as a cultural and social space, this book explores the changing urban face of the Persian Gulf cities, as well as the processes and consequences of transformations that have occurred at an incredibly rapid pace. While some of these cities have rapidly evolved from regional centers of cultural and economic exchange to globalizing cities deeply embedded within the global economy, others have either left their best days behind them or largely retained their traditional fabrics. Yet forces of globalization and migration, national conceptualizations of citizenship, and various political and economic structures have collectively underpinned the politics of urban planning and development in the port cities of the Persian Gulf. The focus of this book revolves around the internal and external dynamics and developments that have shaped these contemporary port cities, and their roles, changing face, and broader consequences for the region and beyond. The Persian Gulf has long been a gateway to the world. This book provides a comprehensive study of the nature and importance, rise and fall, and domestic and international consequences of its port cities in modern times.
Claire Lowrie
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719095337
- eISBN:
- 9781526109651
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719095337.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This chapter explores the connected histories of Singapore and Darwin from the 1860s and the 1930s. The chapter begins by acknowledging the marked differences between Darwin and Singapore. Singapore ...
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This chapter explores the connected histories of Singapore and Darwin from the 1860s and the 1930s. The chapter begins by acknowledging the marked differences between Darwin and Singapore. Singapore was a key trading port in Southeast Asia and an exploitation colony while Darwin was a colonial backwater and a member of a settler colony. While acknowledging the differences between the sites, shipping records, newspaper articles, trade figures, migration statistics and colonial memoirs are used to show how these neighbouring colonies were connected by an exchange of trade, travellers and migrants. In addition to exploring this forgotten history of connection, Chapter 1 outlines the similarities between Singapore and Darwin. They were both tropical colonial ports and were characterised by having multiethnic populations that included a white minority and large numbers of Chinese migrants. The two colonies also shared a similar tropical colonial culture. In both sites, arguments about the degenerating impacts of the climate and the need to demonstrate colonial prestige as well as a ready availability of affordable ‘coloured’ domestic labour ensured that white colonists and non-white interracial elites, employed a multiethnic entourage of servants in their homes. The favoured servants were Chinese ‘houseboys’.Less
This chapter explores the connected histories of Singapore and Darwin from the 1860s and the 1930s. The chapter begins by acknowledging the marked differences between Darwin and Singapore. Singapore was a key trading port in Southeast Asia and an exploitation colony while Darwin was a colonial backwater and a member of a settler colony. While acknowledging the differences between the sites, shipping records, newspaper articles, trade figures, migration statistics and colonial memoirs are used to show how these neighbouring colonies were connected by an exchange of trade, travellers and migrants. In addition to exploring this forgotten history of connection, Chapter 1 outlines the similarities between Singapore and Darwin. They were both tropical colonial ports and were characterised by having multiethnic populations that included a white minority and large numbers of Chinese migrants. The two colonies also shared a similar tropical colonial culture. In both sites, arguments about the degenerating impacts of the climate and the need to demonstrate colonial prestige as well as a ready availability of affordable ‘coloured’ domestic labour ensured that white colonists and non-white interracial elites, employed a multiethnic entourage of servants in their homes. The favoured servants were Chinese ‘houseboys’.
Jeff Strickland
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813060798
- eISBN:
- 9780813050867
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813060798.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
Charleston was a coastal port city on the Atlantic Ocean, and, along with its physical geography, that led to heightened social interaction between slaves, free blacks, and European immigrants. ...
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Charleston was a coastal port city on the Atlantic Ocean, and, along with its physical geography, that led to heightened social interaction between slaves, free blacks, and European immigrants. Charleston’s slave population increased between 1820 and 1861, reaching more than seventeen thousand. Slaves lived in residences throughout the city and often in separate living quarters. The free black population also experienced significant population increases during the first half of the nineteenth century. German and Irish immigration also had implications for the social relations of Charleston during the mid-to-late nineteenth century. German and Irish immigrants arrived in large numbers during the 1850s, and they encountered a thriving free black population in Charleston, slightly larger than their own, and thousands of slaves. Moreover, some Germans and Irish who had arrived in the 1830 and early 1840s had socialized to certain white southern norms, including slaveholding. Many immigrants experienced death by migration, because their immune systems did not protect them as well from specific diseases. Health conditions in Charleston endangered immigrants who lived in low-lying, unsanitary places throughout the city. Yellow fever proved particularly deadly to German and Irish immigrants, and more than one thousand died during epidemics between 1849 and 1858.Less
Charleston was a coastal port city on the Atlantic Ocean, and, along with its physical geography, that led to heightened social interaction between slaves, free blacks, and European immigrants. Charleston’s slave population increased between 1820 and 1861, reaching more than seventeen thousand. Slaves lived in residences throughout the city and often in separate living quarters. The free black population also experienced significant population increases during the first half of the nineteenth century. German and Irish immigration also had implications for the social relations of Charleston during the mid-to-late nineteenth century. German and Irish immigrants arrived in large numbers during the 1850s, and they encountered a thriving free black population in Charleston, slightly larger than their own, and thousands of slaves. Moreover, some Germans and Irish who had arrived in the 1830 and early 1840s had socialized to certain white southern norms, including slaveholding. Many immigrants experienced death by migration, because their immune systems did not protect them as well from specific diseases. Health conditions in Charleston endangered immigrants who lived in low-lying, unsanitary places throughout the city. Yellow fever proved particularly deadly to German and Irish immigrants, and more than one thousand died during epidemics between 1849 and 1858.
Camillia Cowling
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781469610870
- eISBN:
- 9781469611808
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469610870.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This chapter shows that neither Josepha Goncalves de Moraes, in Rio de Janeiro, nor Ramona Oliva, in Havana, had been born in the city where her claim was filed. Yet for each woman, these “Atlantic ...
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This chapter shows that neither Josepha Goncalves de Moraes, in Rio de Janeiro, nor Ramona Oliva, in Havana, had been born in the city where her claim was filed. Yet for each woman, these “Atlantic port cities” were not merely the backdrop to her actions, but a significant part of her story, shaping her relationship to law and labor, slavery and freedom. In turn, such women would also influence the cities in which they arrived. They joined the vast ebb and flow of humanity that made Havana and Rio de Janeiro fast-growing, cosmopolitan places, crowded with newcomers from far-flung provinces and from across the seas. Women of color were part of each city's visual landscape, vividly depicted by foreign visitors as they walked the streets selling foodstuffs or gathered at water fountains to wash clothes and chat in many tongues.Less
This chapter shows that neither Josepha Goncalves de Moraes, in Rio de Janeiro, nor Ramona Oliva, in Havana, had been born in the city where her claim was filed. Yet for each woman, these “Atlantic port cities” were not merely the backdrop to her actions, but a significant part of her story, shaping her relationship to law and labor, slavery and freedom. In turn, such women would also influence the cities in which they arrived. They joined the vast ebb and flow of humanity that made Havana and Rio de Janeiro fast-growing, cosmopolitan places, crowded with newcomers from far-flung provinces and from across the seas. Women of color were part of each city's visual landscape, vividly depicted by foreign visitors as they walked the streets selling foodstuffs or gathered at water fountains to wash clothes and chat in many tongues.
Rajesh Rai
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780198099291
- eISBN:
- 9780199083114
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198099291.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This chapter features how the Indian social and political environment in Singapore transformed in the inter-war years. It is guided by questions fundamental to the issue of identity in the diaspora: ...
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This chapter features how the Indian social and political environment in Singapore transformed in the inter-war years. It is guided by questions fundamental to the issue of identity in the diaspora: What were the forces that influenced Indian cooperative activities and how did this effect the trajectory of socio-cultural production during the inter-war years?; What common features were most important for a sense of community identification?; Along which lines was fractiousness most evident, and what were the factors that informed these tensions?; What effect did transnational socio-political currents have on Indians living in the port city, and how was this manifest on the ground in the lead up to World War II?Less
This chapter features how the Indian social and political environment in Singapore transformed in the inter-war years. It is guided by questions fundamental to the issue of identity in the diaspora: What were the forces that influenced Indian cooperative activities and how did this effect the trajectory of socio-cultural production during the inter-war years?; What common features were most important for a sense of community identification?; Along which lines was fractiousness most evident, and what were the factors that informed these tensions?; What effect did transnational socio-political currents have on Indians living in the port city, and how was this manifest on the ground in the lead up to World War II?
Michael Laver
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824852764
- eISBN:
- 9780824869021
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824852764.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter examines trade and piracy in what is known as the “space between” in early modern East Asia. It describes the cosmopolitan nature of early modern life in port cities that constituted a ...
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This chapter examines trade and piracy in what is known as the “space between” in early modern East Asia. It describes the cosmopolitan nature of early modern life in port cities that constituted a fluid space in early modern Asia. Such ports featured people of different ethnicities, from merchants and pirates to patriots and smugglers,who engaged in commercial activity of varying legality. The chapter first looks at Europeans and Chinese who plied their trade in the port cities of Hirado and Nagasaki in western Japan before discussing the system of international trade and diplomacy that was centered in the space between.Less
This chapter examines trade and piracy in what is known as the “space between” in early modern East Asia. It describes the cosmopolitan nature of early modern life in port cities that constituted a fluid space in early modern Asia. Such ports featured people of different ethnicities, from merchants and pirates to patriots and smugglers,who engaged in commercial activity of varying legality. The chapter first looks at Europeans and Chinese who plied their trade in the port cities of Hirado and Nagasaki in western Japan before discussing the system of international trade and diplomacy that was centered in the space between.
Jennifer Van Horn
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781469629568
- eISBN:
- 9781469629582
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469629568.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
Elite colonists in the port cities of Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Charleston sought to construct a new civil society on the margins of the British Empire. They turned to material artifacts as ...
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Elite colonists in the port cities of Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Charleston sought to construct a new civil society on the margins of the British Empire. They turned to material artifacts as a means of building networks between people. Through purchase of common goods and similar modes of object use, colonial consumers formulated communities of taste that drew individuals together. Colonists relied upon the power of assemblage to transform their individual identities and to create a sensus communis. The portraits painted by Joseph Blackburn in Bermuda and New England illuminate the regional divergences in transatlantic polite culture and point to the local bonds forged through artifacts and objects’ power to assemble the social.Less
Elite colonists in the port cities of Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Charleston sought to construct a new civil society on the margins of the British Empire. They turned to material artifacts as a means of building networks between people. Through purchase of common goods and similar modes of object use, colonial consumers formulated communities of taste that drew individuals together. Colonists relied upon the power of assemblage to transform their individual identities and to create a sensus communis. The portraits painted by Joseph Blackburn in Bermuda and New England illuminate the regional divergences in transatlantic polite culture and point to the local bonds forged through artifacts and objects’ power to assemble the social.
Bruce P. Lenman (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781845861209
- eISBN:
- 9781474406093
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781845861209.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Military History
The book examines the unique role of European military engineers in the service of both kingdoms and republics from the fifteenth to the early nineteenth century. They were usually the only servants ...
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The book examines the unique role of European military engineers in the service of both kingdoms and republics from the fifteenth to the early nineteenth century. They were usually the only servants of the state, apart from artillery or naval officers, with training in mathematics, which explains the frequent overlap between gunners, sailors, and the emerging profession of military engineering. Military engineers were natural polymaths who defended and empowered sovereign authority, especially after the development of artillery made the widespread construction of bastion-defended, low-lying fortifications essential. They also offered services ranging from town planning to basic cartography. They were active in European sovereignties from Lisbon to Istanbul, and also in the fortified port enclaves and dominions acquired by their employers overseas. Originally, as highly-paid, cosmopolitan denizens of an international market, their primary loyalty was a contractual one, often to an individual sovereign. Under the influence of men like the French Marshal Vauban, they became highly-trained elites in several European states, as well as the young United States of America. With the evolution of civilian professions such as civil engineering and pressure to specialise as combat engineers, they finally narrowed their scope, leading to underestimation of their wider earlier significance.Less
The book examines the unique role of European military engineers in the service of both kingdoms and republics from the fifteenth to the early nineteenth century. They were usually the only servants of the state, apart from artillery or naval officers, with training in mathematics, which explains the frequent overlap between gunners, sailors, and the emerging profession of military engineering. Military engineers were natural polymaths who defended and empowered sovereign authority, especially after the development of artillery made the widespread construction of bastion-defended, low-lying fortifications essential. They also offered services ranging from town planning to basic cartography. They were active in European sovereignties from Lisbon to Istanbul, and also in the fortified port enclaves and dominions acquired by their employers overseas. Originally, as highly-paid, cosmopolitan denizens of an international market, their primary loyalty was a contractual one, often to an individual sovereign. Under the influence of men like the French Marshal Vauban, they became highly-trained elites in several European states, as well as the young United States of America. With the evolution of civilian professions such as civil engineering and pressure to specialise as combat engineers, they finally narrowed their scope, leading to underestimation of their wider earlier significance.
Yann Béliard
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781526126320
- eISBN:
- 9781526138798
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526126320.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
Founded in 1872, the Hull Trades Council, like its counterparts in other towns and cities, was created to unite the efforts of trade-union activists pertaining to different industries. Yet its ...
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Founded in 1872, the Hull Trades Council, like its counterparts in other towns and cities, was created to unite the efforts of trade-union activists pertaining to different industries. Yet its unifying vocation did not prevent it from internal conflicts. This chapter seeks to identify the diverging factors at the root of those conflicts, from the Trades Council’s origins to 1914, to understand the way the question of working-class unity was debated, and how those conceptions changed over time. The chapter illuminates the role of Trades Councils in general in the growth of class-consciousness, the possibilities they offered to encourage a kind of proletarian unity different from the one elaborated in the parliamentary milieu, as well as the obstacles that left-wingers had to face in their attempts to build that unity. The Hull scenario, although it shows that Trades Council activists often displayed more imagination, initiative and firmness than national leaders, also makes clear how difficult it was to overcome at the local level the powerful tendencies that went contrary to their efforts at the broader national or even international levels.Less
Founded in 1872, the Hull Trades Council, like its counterparts in other towns and cities, was created to unite the efforts of trade-union activists pertaining to different industries. Yet its unifying vocation did not prevent it from internal conflicts. This chapter seeks to identify the diverging factors at the root of those conflicts, from the Trades Council’s origins to 1914, to understand the way the question of working-class unity was debated, and how those conceptions changed over time. The chapter illuminates the role of Trades Councils in general in the growth of class-consciousness, the possibilities they offered to encourage a kind of proletarian unity different from the one elaborated in the parliamentary milieu, as well as the obstacles that left-wingers had to face in their attempts to build that unity. The Hull scenario, although it shows that Trades Council activists often displayed more imagination, initiative and firmness than national leaders, also makes clear how difficult it was to overcome at the local level the powerful tendencies that went contrary to their efforts at the broader national or even international levels.
