Sergio Fabbrini
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199235612
- eISBN:
- 9780191715686
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199235612.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This chapter discusses challenges to the compound nature of American democracy raised by the global role the country has played since the end of World War II. Topics covered include the ...
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This chapter discusses challenges to the compound nature of American democracy raised by the global role the country has played since the end of World War II. Topics covered include the justifications and implications of America as a compound democracy, the role of President in the Cold War ear, presidential power in the era of divided government, and the rise and fall of presidential power.Less
This chapter discusses challenges to the compound nature of American democracy raised by the global role the country has played since the end of World War II. Topics covered include the justifications and implications of America as a compound democracy, the role of President in the Cold War ear, presidential power in the era of divided government, and the rise and fall of presidential power.
Micki McGee
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195171242
- eISBN:
- 9780199944088
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195171242.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Culture
This chapter shows how the cultures of self-improvement might be mined for more progressive political opportunities, and argues that the recognition of the labor inherent in the making of selves in ...
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This chapter shows how the cultures of self-improvement might be mined for more progressive political opportunities, and argues that the recognition of the labor inherent in the making of selves in itself offers political possibilities. It then addresses what might be recuperated from the notion of “being all one can be.” Prior, tired models of the self have fostered the belabored self. Self-improvement culture counteracts the opportunities for individuals to understanding injuries or grievances as part of systematic social problems, and also operates on the belief that wealth is a sign of industry, intelligence, competence, or attunement with the universe. The ideal of political change through imaginative transformation must be joined to a culture of collective dialogue to forge effective political transformation. A literature of self-improvement has emerged that advises self-fulfillment and self-improvement as an antidote to economic uncertainty. This literature recycles images from prior self-improvement and inspirational literatures.Less
This chapter shows how the cultures of self-improvement might be mined for more progressive political opportunities, and argues that the recognition of the labor inherent in the making of selves in itself offers political possibilities. It then addresses what might be recuperated from the notion of “being all one can be.” Prior, tired models of the self have fostered the belabored self. Self-improvement culture counteracts the opportunities for individuals to understanding injuries or grievances as part of systematic social problems, and also operates on the belief that wealth is a sign of industry, intelligence, competence, or attunement with the universe. The ideal of political change through imaginative transformation must be joined to a culture of collective dialogue to forge effective political transformation. A literature of self-improvement has emerged that advises self-fulfillment and self-improvement as an antidote to economic uncertainty. This literature recycles images from prior self-improvement and inspirational literatures.
Craig T. Borowiak
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199778256
- eISBN:
- 9780199919086
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199778256.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory, International Relations and Politics
Situated at the intersection of democratic theory and international studies, Accountability and Democracy provides an in-depth critical analysis of the concept “democratic accountability.” The book ...
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Situated at the intersection of democratic theory and international studies, Accountability and Democracy provides an in-depth critical analysis of the concept “democratic accountability.” The book proceeds with separate chapters on accountability as found in the U.S. Ratification debates, agency theory, ancient Athenian democracy, theories of deliberative democracy, capitalist markets, and cosmopolitan democracy. Through an engagement with these different traditions and contexts, the book paints a picture of democratic accountability as a multidimensional concept harboring competing imperatives and diverse instantiations. It both engages conventional electoral models of accountability and moves beyond them by situating democratic accountability within more deliberative, participatory and agonistic contexts. Contrary to dominant views that emphasize discipline and control, the book describes democratic accountability as a source of mutuality, community, and political transformation. The book also challenges deep-seated understandings of democratic accountability as an expression of popular sovereignty. It instead argues that accountable governance is incompatible with all claims to ultimate authority, regardless of whether they refer to the demos, the state, or cosmopolitan public law. Rather than conceiving of democratic accountability as a way to legitimize a secure and sovereign political order, the book contends that destabilization and democratic insurgence are indispensable and often neglected facets of democratic accountability practices.Less
Situated at the intersection of democratic theory and international studies, Accountability and Democracy provides an in-depth critical analysis of the concept “democratic accountability.” The book proceeds with separate chapters on accountability as found in the U.S. Ratification debates, agency theory, ancient Athenian democracy, theories of deliberative democracy, capitalist markets, and cosmopolitan democracy. Through an engagement with these different traditions and contexts, the book paints a picture of democratic accountability as a multidimensional concept harboring competing imperatives and diverse instantiations. It both engages conventional electoral models of accountability and moves beyond them by situating democratic accountability within more deliberative, participatory and agonistic contexts. Contrary to dominant views that emphasize discipline and control, the book describes democratic accountability as a source of mutuality, community, and political transformation. The book also challenges deep-seated understandings of democratic accountability as an expression of popular sovereignty. It instead argues that accountable governance is incompatible with all claims to ultimate authority, regardless of whether they refer to the demos, the state, or cosmopolitan public law. Rather than conceiving of democratic accountability as a way to legitimize a secure and sovereign political order, the book contends that destabilization and democratic insurgence are indispensable and often neglected facets of democratic accountability practices.
Andrzej Bolesta
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9781447321507
- eISBN:
- 9781447321514
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447321507.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
As it embraces around 25 percent of the human population, post-socialist transformation is by all means a process of historical significance. It is hardly possible to imagine complex and extensive ...
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As it embraces around 25 percent of the human population, post-socialist transformation is by all means a process of historical significance. It is hardly possible to imagine complex and extensive systemic changes that equal those taking place in parts of Europe and Asia. The process is twofold in nature; from the political perspective, authoritarian regimes are being replaced by democracies and, from the socio-economic perspective, the systems are being transformed from centrally-planned economies to market economies. This chapter examines the process of post-socialist transformation. It begins with the analysis of the general theory and discusses the main threads of the debate on the modes of transformation in reference to the so-called Washington Consensus. This is followed by a detailed analysis of post-socialist transformation in China. It is argued that China is indeed a post-socialist state in the process of systemic reformulation. The examination concerns China's transformation's political and economic features, its chronology and various perspectives. It is compared with the processes in other post-socialist countries. Finally, the developmental exceptionality of China's transformation is illustrated using quantitative examination.Less
As it embraces around 25 percent of the human population, post-socialist transformation is by all means a process of historical significance. It is hardly possible to imagine complex and extensive systemic changes that equal those taking place in parts of Europe and Asia. The process is twofold in nature; from the political perspective, authoritarian regimes are being replaced by democracies and, from the socio-economic perspective, the systems are being transformed from centrally-planned economies to market economies. This chapter examines the process of post-socialist transformation. It begins with the analysis of the general theory and discusses the main threads of the debate on the modes of transformation in reference to the so-called Washington Consensus. This is followed by a detailed analysis of post-socialist transformation in China. It is argued that China is indeed a post-socialist state in the process of systemic reformulation. The examination concerns China's transformation's political and economic features, its chronology and various perspectives. It is compared with the processes in other post-socialist countries. Finally, the developmental exceptionality of China's transformation is illustrated using quantitative examination.
LUIS RONIGER and MARIO SZNAJDER
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198296157
- eISBN:
- 9780191685200
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198296157.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This chapter discusses the move towards national reconciliation in the Southern Cone and the disruptive effects of the legacy of human rights violations. The legacy of human violations threatened to ...
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This chapter discusses the move towards national reconciliation in the Southern Cone and the disruptive effects of the legacy of human rights violations. The legacy of human violations threatened to become a course of renewed polarization and destabilization under the new democratic governments of Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. In this context, national reconciliation policies were proposed and a series of public aftershocks emerged around the significance and implication of the past repressive governments. The debate on the socio-political transformations of the public sphere was dominated by discussion on the principles upon which to build a consolidated democracy and this had practical consequences for the realignment of social and political forces.Less
This chapter discusses the move towards national reconciliation in the Southern Cone and the disruptive effects of the legacy of human rights violations. The legacy of human violations threatened to become a course of renewed polarization and destabilization under the new democratic governments of Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. In this context, national reconciliation policies were proposed and a series of public aftershocks emerged around the significance and implication of the past repressive governments. The debate on the socio-political transformations of the public sphere was dominated by discussion on the principles upon which to build a consolidated democracy and this had practical consequences for the realignment of social and political forces.
Mark J. Joe
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199205301
- eISBN:
- 9780191695612
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199205301.003.0017
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Corporate Governance and Accountability, Business History
For some polities, productive arrangements generate a political backlash that can destroy the wealth produced in economic systems. When economic-based political turmoil is unlikely, American law and ...
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For some polities, productive arrangements generate a political backlash that can destroy the wealth produced in economic systems. When economic-based political turmoil is unlikely, American law and the economics implicit perspective of analysing the productive efficiency of an institution need not be modified. However, in some nations, turmoil had to be avoided. Their choice of corporate structure was one way of achieving social peace. The hard part in accounting for backlash is that while it is real, it is amorphous. One cannot readily measure it and model it with supply and demand curves. It is a matter of judgment calls.Less
For some polities, productive arrangements generate a political backlash that can destroy the wealth produced in economic systems. When economic-based political turmoil is unlikely, American law and the economics implicit perspective of analysing the productive efficiency of an institution need not be modified. However, in some nations, turmoil had to be avoided. Their choice of corporate structure was one way of achieving social peace. The hard part in accounting for backlash is that while it is real, it is amorphous. One cannot readily measure it and model it with supply and demand curves. It is a matter of judgment calls.
Gordon White, Jude A. Howell, and Shang Xiaoyuan
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198289562
- eISBN:
- 9780191684739
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198289562.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
Since 1978, China has pursued sweeping economic changes in an officially sponsored transition from a Stalinist centrally planned economy to a socialist market economy. China's reformers have ...
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Since 1978, China has pursued sweeping economic changes in an officially sponsored transition from a Stalinist centrally planned economy to a socialist market economy. China's reformers have highlighted the need to curb the awesome power of the Leninist state and change the balance of power between state and economy, and state and society. In practice, the economic reforms have set in train a process of potentially fundamental social and institutional change in China that is creating new socioeconomic forces, shifting power in their direction, and raising the possibility of political transformation. This book explores the extent to which this experience can be described and understood in terms of the idea of ‘civil society’, defined in sociological terms as the emergence of an autonomous sphere of voluntary associations capable of organizing the interests of emergent socioeconomic groups and counterbalancing the hitherto unchallenged dominance of the Marxist–Leninist state. The authors lay out a clear operational definition of the concept of civil society to make it useful as a tool for empirical inquiry and to avoid the cultural relativism of its origins in Western historical experience. Guided by this theoretical framework, the book brings together a vast amount of empirical data on emergent social organization and institutions in contemporary China, drawing on the authors' fieldwork experience in East Asia. The research focused on the changes in the socioeconomic realities of three major social groups: urban manual workers, women, and managers/entrepreneurs. The authors describe the new forms of state–society relations as reflected in the complex links between the state and new associations. They show how the expansion of these associations is jeopardized by the lack of general democratization of China's political institutions.Less
Since 1978, China has pursued sweeping economic changes in an officially sponsored transition from a Stalinist centrally planned economy to a socialist market economy. China's reformers have highlighted the need to curb the awesome power of the Leninist state and change the balance of power between state and economy, and state and society. In practice, the economic reforms have set in train a process of potentially fundamental social and institutional change in China that is creating new socioeconomic forces, shifting power in their direction, and raising the possibility of political transformation. This book explores the extent to which this experience can be described and understood in terms of the idea of ‘civil society’, defined in sociological terms as the emergence of an autonomous sphere of voluntary associations capable of organizing the interests of emergent socioeconomic groups and counterbalancing the hitherto unchallenged dominance of the Marxist–Leninist state. The authors lay out a clear operational definition of the concept of civil society to make it useful as a tool for empirical inquiry and to avoid the cultural relativism of its origins in Western historical experience. Guided by this theoretical framework, the book brings together a vast amount of empirical data on emergent social organization and institutions in contemporary China, drawing on the authors' fieldwork experience in East Asia. The research focused on the changes in the socioeconomic realities of three major social groups: urban manual workers, women, and managers/entrepreneurs. The authors describe the new forms of state–society relations as reflected in the complex links between the state and new associations. They show how the expansion of these associations is jeopardized by the lack of general democratization of China's political institutions.
Ilyas Saliba and Wolfgang Merkel
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- March 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198829911
- eISBN:
- 9780191868368
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198829911.003.0045
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
The theory of the dilemma of simultaneity is empirically based on the transformations of post-socialist states in Central and Eastern Europe. The transformations after the collapse of the socialist ...
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The theory of the dilemma of simultaneity is empirically based on the transformations of post-socialist states in Central and Eastern Europe. The transformations after the collapse of the socialist bloc were without precedent with regards to breadth and depth. The dilemma of simultaneity consists of three parallel transition processes on three dimensions. The first part of this chapter explores the three dimensions of the transitions: nation building, political transformation, and economic transformation. The second part discusses the three levels of transformation: (1) ethno-national identity and territory, (2) polity, and (3) socio-economic distribution. The third part highlights the complexity and challenges of multidimensional simultaneous transformation processes. The fourth and fifth parts discuss the role of international actors and socio-economic structures on the transitions in Central and Eastern Europe. The chapter concludes with an account of Elster’s and Offe’s critics and their response.Less
The theory of the dilemma of simultaneity is empirically based on the transformations of post-socialist states in Central and Eastern Europe. The transformations after the collapse of the socialist bloc were without precedent with regards to breadth and depth. The dilemma of simultaneity consists of three parallel transition processes on three dimensions. The first part of this chapter explores the three dimensions of the transitions: nation building, political transformation, and economic transformation. The second part discusses the three levels of transformation: (1) ethno-national identity and territory, (2) polity, and (3) socio-economic distribution. The third part highlights the complexity and challenges of multidimensional simultaneous transformation processes. The fourth and fifth parts discuss the role of international actors and socio-economic structures on the transitions in Central and Eastern Europe. The chapter concludes with an account of Elster’s and Offe’s critics and their response.
Kieran McEvoy and Rachel Rebouche
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199204939
- eISBN:
- 9780191695599
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199204939.003.0014
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
This chapter is concerned with the ways lawyers either do or do not make their voices heard in processes of political, social, and legal transformation. It examines several key moments in legal and ...
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This chapter is concerned with the ways lawyers either do or do not make their voices heard in processes of political, social, and legal transformation. It examines several key moments in legal and political history to determine how the potential of particular groups of lawyers to serve as the collective conscience of legal professional may be developed and enhanced. The chapter explains the notion of critical juncture and evaluates that sociology of the legal profession.Less
This chapter is concerned with the ways lawyers either do or do not make their voices heard in processes of political, social, and legal transformation. It examines several key moments in legal and political history to determine how the potential of particular groups of lawyers to serve as the collective conscience of legal professional may be developed and enhanced. The chapter explains the notion of critical juncture and evaluates that sociology of the legal profession.
Adrian Little
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748633999
- eISBN:
- 9780748652723
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748633999.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
This chapter examines radical democracy through the case of Northern Ireland, once thought of as an example of intractable conflict. Northern Ireland, at least since the signing of the Belfast ...
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This chapter examines radical democracy through the case of Northern Ireland, once thought of as an example of intractable conflict. Northern Ireland, at least since the signing of the Belfast Agreement in 1998, has often been analysed in terms of liberal democratic consensus-driven models of democracy. The discussion argues that this is a mistake. The repeated suspensions of the democratic institutions and outbreaks of disagreement that have marked the post-Agreement period are better interpreted through the ‘paradigm of radical democracy’, with its emphasis on democracy as a fragile, contingent and always-incomplete project. Although radical democracy has undoubted strengths as an interpretive frame, particularly for divided societies in the midst of political transformation, and as a critique of liberal democracy, the chapter argues it needs to be clearer in its critique of democracy.Less
This chapter examines radical democracy through the case of Northern Ireland, once thought of as an example of intractable conflict. Northern Ireland, at least since the signing of the Belfast Agreement in 1998, has often been analysed in terms of liberal democratic consensus-driven models of democracy. The discussion argues that this is a mistake. The repeated suspensions of the democratic institutions and outbreaks of disagreement that have marked the post-Agreement period are better interpreted through the ‘paradigm of radical democracy’, with its emphasis on democracy as a fragile, contingent and always-incomplete project. Although radical democracy has undoubted strengths as an interpretive frame, particularly for divided societies in the midst of political transformation, and as a critique of liberal democracy, the chapter argues it needs to be clearer in its critique of democracy.
Geoffrey Tweedale
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198288664
- eISBN:
- 9780191684623
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198288664.003.0106
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History
Even if the scale of operations has greatly changed from the time that Huntsman discovered the crucible steel process, visitors that toured the Sheffield steelworks in 1993 often expressed the same ...
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Even if the scale of operations has greatly changed from the time that Huntsman discovered the crucible steel process, visitors that toured the Sheffield steelworks in 1993 often expressed the same feelings upon watching and experiencing the steel making process. However, conflicting impressions of the Steel City may now come about when looking into the images portrayed at the melting shop at Shepcote Lane. As the 1980s approached, local government made several key changes as Sheffield began to veer away from its image of being the Steel City. The decline in the steel industry was associated with transformations in politics which initiated a shift in the relationship between local and central government. This chapter explores the implications of the decline in the steel industry on the economy of the United Kingdom.Less
Even if the scale of operations has greatly changed from the time that Huntsman discovered the crucible steel process, visitors that toured the Sheffield steelworks in 1993 often expressed the same feelings upon watching and experiencing the steel making process. However, conflicting impressions of the Steel City may now come about when looking into the images portrayed at the melting shop at Shepcote Lane. As the 1980s approached, local government made several key changes as Sheffield began to veer away from its image of being the Steel City. The decline in the steel industry was associated with transformations in politics which initiated a shift in the relationship between local and central government. This chapter explores the implications of the decline in the steel industry on the economy of the United Kingdom.
Antony Polonsky
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- February 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781906764395
- eISBN:
- 9781800340763
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781906764395.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
This chapter examines how the middle of the eighteenth century was a major turning point in the history of the Jews in Europe. Under the influence of the philosophy of the Enlightenment, many rulers ...
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This chapter examines how the middle of the eighteenth century was a major turning point in the history of the Jews in Europe. Under the influence of the philosophy of the Enlightenment, many rulers now began to initiate attempts, carried still further by their constitutional successors in the nineteenth century, to transform the Jews from members of a religious and cultural community into ‘useful’ subjects, or, where a civil society had been established, into citizens. This attempt to change the legal, social, and economic status of the Jews was part of a wider process affecting the whole of society which can be described as ‘the Great Transformation’. There were two aspects to this transformation: economic and political. One now sees the industrial revolution as the culmination of a much longer process that should probably be dated back to the effects of European overseas expansion from the fifteenth century. The end result of this revolution was urbanization, the development of industry, the increasing importance of the bourgeoisie, and the displacement of the landed aristocracy as the dominant economic and political stratum.Less
This chapter examines how the middle of the eighteenth century was a major turning point in the history of the Jews in Europe. Under the influence of the philosophy of the Enlightenment, many rulers now began to initiate attempts, carried still further by their constitutional successors in the nineteenth century, to transform the Jews from members of a religious and cultural community into ‘useful’ subjects, or, where a civil society had been established, into citizens. This attempt to change the legal, social, and economic status of the Jews was part of a wider process affecting the whole of society which can be described as ‘the Great Transformation’. There were two aspects to this transformation: economic and political. One now sees the industrial revolution as the culmination of a much longer process that should probably be dated back to the effects of European overseas expansion from the fifteenth century. The end result of this revolution was urbanization, the development of industry, the increasing importance of the bourgeoisie, and the displacement of the landed aristocracy as the dominant economic and political stratum.
Are Hovdenak
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9789774167706
- eISBN:
- 9781617975486
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774167706.003.0011
- Subject:
- Political Science, Middle Eastern Politics
Acknowledging the prevalent interrelationship between domestic democratization efforts and external conflict, this chapter discusses the nature of the political transformation process that Hamas has ...
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Acknowledging the prevalent interrelationship between domestic democratization efforts and external conflict, this chapter discusses the nature of the political transformation process that Hamas has undergone regarding, first, participation in Palestinian national elections and, second, regarding the issue of negotiations and compromise with Israel. Finally, it explores how the massive European and international pressure on Hamas for unconditional concessions toward Israel has affected the internal political dynamics of the movement. The underlying key question is whether the EU's failure to respond positively to the chain of conciliatory steps undertaken by Hamas in effect hampered the transformation process toward political moderation that was set in motion by Hamas' parliamentary participation. In other words, has the confrontational policy of the EU nurtured or quelled the potential for further moderation of Hamas policies?Less
Acknowledging the prevalent interrelationship between domestic democratization efforts and external conflict, this chapter discusses the nature of the political transformation process that Hamas has undergone regarding, first, participation in Palestinian national elections and, second, regarding the issue of negotiations and compromise with Israel. Finally, it explores how the massive European and international pressure on Hamas for unconditional concessions toward Israel has affected the internal political dynamics of the movement. The underlying key question is whether the EU's failure to respond positively to the chain of conciliatory steps undertaken by Hamas in effect hampered the transformation process toward political moderation that was set in motion by Hamas' parliamentary participation. In other words, has the confrontational policy of the EU nurtured or quelled the potential for further moderation of Hamas policies?
Amina Elbendary
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9789774167171
- eISBN:
- 9781617976773
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774167171.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This book examines the economic, social, and political transformations that confronted the Mamluk sultanate over the fifteenth century, along with their impact on the Egyptian and Syrian societies. ...
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This book examines the economic, social, and political transformations that confronted the Mamluk sultanate over the fifteenth century, along with their impact on the Egyptian and Syrian societies. It argues that the multiple crises were simultaneously the outward manifestations of deeper changes and shows how they presented opportunities for various political and social groups. It also considers how the crises and political transformations led to changes and were themselves the outcome of changes in all of the domestic, regional, and international balances of power. Rather than narrate the history of this tumultuous fifteenth century solely from the point of view of the ruling dynasties, the book takes into account the perspectives of the common people, especially the urban non-elites. It considers how the transformations that rocked the Mamluk dynasty affected issues such as social mobility and concludes by discussing the development of the bourgeois trend as well as the various instances and reports of popular protest during the period.Less
This book examines the economic, social, and political transformations that confronted the Mamluk sultanate over the fifteenth century, along with their impact on the Egyptian and Syrian societies. It argues that the multiple crises were simultaneously the outward manifestations of deeper changes and shows how they presented opportunities for various political and social groups. It also considers how the crises and political transformations led to changes and were themselves the outcome of changes in all of the domestic, regional, and international balances of power. Rather than narrate the history of this tumultuous fifteenth century solely from the point of view of the ruling dynasties, the book takes into account the perspectives of the common people, especially the urban non-elites. It considers how the transformations that rocked the Mamluk dynasty affected issues such as social mobility and concludes by discussing the development of the bourgeois trend as well as the various instances and reports of popular protest during the period.
Susan C. Stokes
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520086173
- eISBN:
- 9780520916234
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520086173.003.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Latin American Cultural Anthropology
The “making” of Rosario Huayta and many thousands of poor people like her is the central story of this book. It is the story of the transformation of politics in one Latin American country, but its ...
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The “making” of Rosario Huayta and many thousands of poor people like her is the central story of this book. It is the story of the transformation of politics in one Latin American country, but its themes are more universal. This particular story raises a general question: When subordinate groups do not mobilize collectively, does inaction reflect anticipated or real repression, or the perception that movements would be likely to fail? Alternatively, does it reflect the consent of subordinate groups to the order that keeps them in positions of subordination? The Peruvian case shows that a kind of consent may lie behind the relative political passivity of the poor, just as the shattering of consent may be a precondition for lower-class mobilization.Less
The “making” of Rosario Huayta and many thousands of poor people like her is the central story of this book. It is the story of the transformation of politics in one Latin American country, but its themes are more universal. This particular story raises a general question: When subordinate groups do not mobilize collectively, does inaction reflect anticipated or real repression, or the perception that movements would be likely to fail? Alternatively, does it reflect the consent of subordinate groups to the order that keeps them in positions of subordination? The Peruvian case shows that a kind of consent may lie behind the relative political passivity of the poor, just as the shattering of consent may be a precondition for lower-class mobilization.
Alejandro Portes and Ariel C. Armony
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780520297104
- eISBN:
- 9780520969612
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520297104.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
Over the last quarter of a century, no other city like Miami has rapidly transformed into a global city. This book charts the social tensions and unexpected consequences of this remarkable process of ...
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Over the last quarter of a century, no other city like Miami has rapidly transformed into a global city. This book charts the social tensions and unexpected consequences of this remarkable process of change. Acting as a follow-up to City on the Edge, this book examines Miami in the context of globalization and scrutinizes its newfound place as a stellar international city. The book examines Miami's rise as a finance and banking center without parallel in the US South to the simultaneous emergence of a highly diverse but contentious ethnic mosaic. The book serves as a case study of Miami's present cultural, economic, and political transformation, and describes how its future course can provide key lessons for other metropolitan areas throughout the world.Less
Over the last quarter of a century, no other city like Miami has rapidly transformed into a global city. This book charts the social tensions and unexpected consequences of this remarkable process of change. Acting as a follow-up to City on the Edge, this book examines Miami in the context of globalization and scrutinizes its newfound place as a stellar international city. The book examines Miami's rise as a finance and banking center without parallel in the US South to the simultaneous emergence of a highly diverse but contentious ethnic mosaic. The book serves as a case study of Miami's present cultural, economic, and political transformation, and describes how its future course can provide key lessons for other metropolitan areas throughout the world.
Brooke A. Ackerly
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- February 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190662936
- eISBN:
- 9780190662974
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190662936.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics, Political Theory
Just responsibility is a transformative human rights politics for taking on the complexities, power inequalities, and social normalization of injustice itself. Just responsibility is a human rights ...
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Just responsibility is a transformative human rights politics for taking on the complexities, power inequalities, and social normalization of injustice itself. Just responsibility is a human rights theory of political responsibility in which we understand human rights as enjoyed and shared throughout political community (and human rights entitlements as a tool toward that end), political community as defined by its web of networks, not its boundaries, accountability as a political process of discernment, not a power relation, and leadership as a quality of political community, not of individuals within it. Found within and supported by the principles-in-practice of women’s human rights activists, this grounded normative theory of responsibility guides us in a human rights enhancing way to be accountable leaders in political transformation, taking responsibility for global injustice in a just way.Less
Just responsibility is a transformative human rights politics for taking on the complexities, power inequalities, and social normalization of injustice itself. Just responsibility is a human rights theory of political responsibility in which we understand human rights as enjoyed and shared throughout political community (and human rights entitlements as a tool toward that end), political community as defined by its web of networks, not its boundaries, accountability as a political process of discernment, not a power relation, and leadership as a quality of political community, not of individuals within it. Found within and supported by the principles-in-practice of women’s human rights activists, this grounded normative theory of responsibility guides us in a human rights enhancing way to be accountable leaders in political transformation, taking responsibility for global injustice in a just way.
James A. Beeby
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781604730012
- eISBN:
- 9781604733242
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781604730012.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Political History
During the 1890s, North Carolina witnessed a political revolution as the newly formed Populist Party joined with the Republicans to throw out do-nothing, conservative Democrats. Focusing on political ...
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During the 1890s, North Carolina witnessed a political revolution as the newly formed Populist Party joined with the Republicans to throw out do-nothing, conservative Democrats. Focusing on political transformation, electoral reform, and new economic policies to aid poor and struggling farmers, the Populists and their coalition partners took power at all levels in the only southern state where Populists gained statewide office. For a brief four years, the Populists and Republicans gave an object lesson in progressive politics in which whites and African Americans worked together for the betterment of the state and the lives of the people. This book examines the complex history of the rise and fall of the Populist Party in the late nineteenth century. It explores the causes behind the political insurgency of small farmers in the state. The book offers the first comprehensive and in-depth study of the movement, focusing on local activists as well as state leadership. It also elucidates the relationship between Populists and African Americans, the nature of cooperation between Republicans and Populists, and local dynamics and political campaigning in the Gilded Age. In a last-gasp attempt to return to power, the Democrats focused on the Populists’ weak point: race. The book closes with an analysis of the virulent campaign of white supremacy engineered by threatened Democrats, and the ultimate downfall of already quarreling Populists and Republicans. With the defeat of the Populist ticket, North Carolina joined other southern states by entering an era of segregation.Less
During the 1890s, North Carolina witnessed a political revolution as the newly formed Populist Party joined with the Republicans to throw out do-nothing, conservative Democrats. Focusing on political transformation, electoral reform, and new economic policies to aid poor and struggling farmers, the Populists and their coalition partners took power at all levels in the only southern state where Populists gained statewide office. For a brief four years, the Populists and Republicans gave an object lesson in progressive politics in which whites and African Americans worked together for the betterment of the state and the lives of the people. This book examines the complex history of the rise and fall of the Populist Party in the late nineteenth century. It explores the causes behind the political insurgency of small farmers in the state. The book offers the first comprehensive and in-depth study of the movement, focusing on local activists as well as state leadership. It also elucidates the relationship between Populists and African Americans, the nature of cooperation between Republicans and Populists, and local dynamics and political campaigning in the Gilded Age. In a last-gasp attempt to return to power, the Democrats focused on the Populists’ weak point: race. The book closes with an analysis of the virulent campaign of white supremacy engineered by threatened Democrats, and the ultimate downfall of already quarreling Populists and Republicans. With the defeat of the Populist ticket, North Carolina joined other southern states by entering an era of segregation.
Lisa Tiersten
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520225299
- eISBN:
- 9780520925656
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520225299.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This introductory chapter explains the theme of this volume, which is about the antagonism between the marketplace and the French Republic. This book examines the contests over the meanings of the ...
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This introductory chapter explains the theme of this volume, which is about the antagonism between the marketplace and the French Republic. This book examines the contests over the meanings of the marketplace and the larger cultural and political transformations in fin-de-siècle France and explores the French encounter with consumer culture by situating fin-de-siècle controversies about taste and the bourgeois Parisienne within a larger struggle over the meaning of the market and the gendered nature of the bourgeois order. It argues that debates about the female consumer were about more than gender boundaries because they illuminate the relationship between the market and the republic and, more broadly, the modern individual and the community.Less
This introductory chapter explains the theme of this volume, which is about the antagonism between the marketplace and the French Republic. This book examines the contests over the meanings of the marketplace and the larger cultural and political transformations in fin-de-siècle France and explores the French encounter with consumer culture by situating fin-de-siècle controversies about taste and the bourgeois Parisienne within a larger struggle over the meaning of the market and the gendered nature of the bourgeois order. It argues that debates about the female consumer were about more than gender boundaries because they illuminate the relationship between the market and the republic and, more broadly, the modern individual and the community.
Sunil Khilnani, Vikram Raghavan, and Arun K. Thiruvengadam
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780198081760
- eISBN:
- 9780199082360
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198081760.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This chapter offers an account of Nepal's constitutional developments over the years in light of the ‘interaction between indigenous law and transplanted law’. The author reflects upon the modalities ...
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This chapter offers an account of Nepal's constitutional developments over the years in light of the ‘interaction between indigenous law and transplanted law’. The author reflects upon the modalities of the political transformations that have occurred in Nepal over the past 250 years, with particular reference to the influence of external legal and political concepts. After tracing the constitutional history of Nepal, the author examines the 1990 Constitution and its demise, and what it tells us about political processes in Nepal between 1990 and early 2007, and about democratic politics in the country more generally. It argues that it was a flawed constitution that failed to adequately accommodate the aspirations of the people. The promulgation of the 2007 Interim Constitution has endeavoured to ignite a process of state restructuring and the creation of a ‘New Nepal’. A new document recognizing Nepal's inner plurality, rooted in social hybridity and fostering a civic sense of belonging, with an emphasis on citizenship and rights rather than constitutional arrangements based on a polarized essentializing identity lines, is the need of the hour. The long-term success of the political process currently underway to establish lasting peace in Nepal will depend ultimately upon whether the present constitution-making endeavours achieve consensus and stability.Less
This chapter offers an account of Nepal's constitutional developments over the years in light of the ‘interaction between indigenous law and transplanted law’. The author reflects upon the modalities of the political transformations that have occurred in Nepal over the past 250 years, with particular reference to the influence of external legal and political concepts. After tracing the constitutional history of Nepal, the author examines the 1990 Constitution and its demise, and what it tells us about political processes in Nepal between 1990 and early 2007, and about democratic politics in the country more generally. It argues that it was a flawed constitution that failed to adequately accommodate the aspirations of the people. The promulgation of the 2007 Interim Constitution has endeavoured to ignite a process of state restructuring and the creation of a ‘New Nepal’. A new document recognizing Nepal's inner plurality, rooted in social hybridity and fostering a civic sense of belonging, with an emphasis on citizenship and rights rather than constitutional arrangements based on a polarized essentializing identity lines, is the need of the hour. The long-term success of the political process currently underway to establish lasting peace in Nepal will depend ultimately upon whether the present constitution-making endeavours achieve consensus and stability.
