Erik Esselstrom
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824832315
- eISBN:
- 9780824868932
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824832315.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
For more than half a century, the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Gaimushō) possessed an independent police force that operated within Japan's informal empire on the Asian continent. Charged ...
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For more than half a century, the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Gaimushō) possessed an independent police force that operated within Japan's informal empire on the Asian continent. Charged with “protecting and controlling” local Japanese communities first in Korea and later in China, these consular police played a critical role in facilitating Japanese imperial expansion during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This book describes how the Gaimushō police became deeply involved in the surveillance and suppression of the Korean independence movement in exile throughout Chinese treaty ports and the Manchurian frontier during the 1920s and 1930s. It had in fact evolved over the years from a relatively benign public security organization into a full-fledged political intelligence apparatus devoted to apprehending purveyors of “dangerous thought” throughout the empire. While historians often still depict the Gaimushō as an inhibitor of unilateral military expansionism during the first half of the twentieth century, the book's exposé on the activities and ideology of the consular police dramatically challenges this narrative. Revealing a far greater complexity of motivation behind the Japanese colonial mission, it illustrates how the imperial Japanese state viewed political security at home as inextricably connected to political security abroad from as early as 1919—nearly a decade before overt military aggression began—and approaches northeast Asia as a region of intricate and dynamic social, economic, and political forces.Less
For more than half a century, the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Gaimushō) possessed an independent police force that operated within Japan's informal empire on the Asian continent. Charged with “protecting and controlling” local Japanese communities first in Korea and later in China, these consular police played a critical role in facilitating Japanese imperial expansion during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This book describes how the Gaimushō police became deeply involved in the surveillance and suppression of the Korean independence movement in exile throughout Chinese treaty ports and the Manchurian frontier during the 1920s and 1930s. It had in fact evolved over the years from a relatively benign public security organization into a full-fledged political intelligence apparatus devoted to apprehending purveyors of “dangerous thought” throughout the empire. While historians often still depict the Gaimushō as an inhibitor of unilateral military expansionism during the first half of the twentieth century, the book's exposé on the activities and ideology of the consular police dramatically challenges this narrative. Revealing a far greater complexity of motivation behind the Japanese colonial mission, it illustrates how the imperial Japanese state viewed political security at home as inextricably connected to political security abroad from as early as 1919—nearly a decade before overt military aggression began—and approaches northeast Asia as a region of intricate and dynamic social, economic, and political forces.
Erik Esselstrom
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824832315
- eISBN:
- 9780824868932
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824832315.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter examines how the consular police dealt with political resistance to the imperial Japanese state throughout the informal empire in China. It begins with a discussion of the nature of ...
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This chapter examines how the consular police dealt with political resistance to the imperial Japanese state throughout the informal empire in China. It begins with a discussion of the nature of colonial resistance and political dissent in Chinese treaty ports, particularly Shanghai. It then considers the Gaimushō's counterinsurgency operations in Jiandao and the attempt by the Fengtian consular police to harness local Korean collaborators in their fight against violent Korean resistance. It also explores a series of interrelated political security agreements in 1925 that affected the course of consular police evolution. The chapter shows that the Korean independence movement in exile, along with the emergence of formal communist organizations on the home islands, forced the Japanese state to allocate more consular police resources to political intelligence work.Less
This chapter examines how the consular police dealt with political resistance to the imperial Japanese state throughout the informal empire in China. It begins with a discussion of the nature of colonial resistance and political dissent in Chinese treaty ports, particularly Shanghai. It then considers the Gaimushō's counterinsurgency operations in Jiandao and the attempt by the Fengtian consular police to harness local Korean collaborators in their fight against violent Korean resistance. It also explores a series of interrelated political security agreements in 1925 that affected the course of consular police evolution. The chapter shows that the Korean independence movement in exile, along with the emergence of formal communist organizations on the home islands, forced the Japanese state to allocate more consular police resources to political intelligence work.
R.R. Davies
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199257249
- eISBN:
- 9780191698439
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199257249.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
Debates arose about the Welsh being mature enough to be able to accept the privileges and duties of English citizenship in the 1530s. Rowland Lee strongly believed that the Welsh were not qualified ...
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Debates arose about the Welsh being mature enough to be able to accept the privileges and duties of English citizenship in the 1530s. Rowland Lee strongly believed that the Welsh were not qualified in terms of political maturity because he found landed wealth to be a prerequisite in serving as a magistrate, a member of the parliament, and other such positions that would greatly entail political maturity and responsibility. The English state, thus, made assumptions and set standards regarding the nature and distribution of wealth and how this may affect political power and responsibility. After the Welsh revolt however, the Welsh were able to relate wealth with peace and stability and realize social and political maturity. Aside from wealth accumulation, the Welsh also had to learn what Spenser called ‘sweet civility’ as opposed to the rudeness that they often get associated with.Less
Debates arose about the Welsh being mature enough to be able to accept the privileges and duties of English citizenship in the 1530s. Rowland Lee strongly believed that the Welsh were not qualified in terms of political maturity because he found landed wealth to be a prerequisite in serving as a magistrate, a member of the parliament, and other such positions that would greatly entail political maturity and responsibility. The English state, thus, made assumptions and set standards regarding the nature and distribution of wealth and how this may affect political power and responsibility. After the Welsh revolt however, the Welsh were able to relate wealth with peace and stability and realize social and political maturity. Aside from wealth accumulation, the Welsh also had to learn what Spenser called ‘sweet civility’ as opposed to the rudeness that they often get associated with.
Maya Eichler
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199364374
- eISBN:
- 9780199364404
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199364374.003.0013
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics, Political Economy
The conclusion argues that the book’s chapters make two major contributions. First, they collectively have put forward a framework for critical gender studies in private security, establishing an ...
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The conclusion argues that the book’s chapters make two major contributions. First, they collectively have put forward a framework for critical gender studies in private security, establishing an understanding of security privatization as gendered and intersectional, but also as a multiscalar and profoundly gendered political process. Second, the book’s chapters have advanced the field of feminist security studies by contributing new empirical and theoretical insights into the gendering of security today. In particular, they have firmly established private security as a field of feminist investigations, furthered the study of masculinities and intersectional feminist analysis in security studies, and finally, contributed to the development of a feminist political economy of security. The chapter ends by highlighting the challenges that security privatization poses for feminist activism and revisioning of security.Less
The conclusion argues that the book’s chapters make two major contributions. First, they collectively have put forward a framework for critical gender studies in private security, establishing an understanding of security privatization as gendered and intersectional, but also as a multiscalar and profoundly gendered political process. Second, the book’s chapters have advanced the field of feminist security studies by contributing new empirical and theoretical insights into the gendering of security today. In particular, they have firmly established private security as a field of feminist investigations, furthered the study of masculinities and intersectional feminist analysis in security studies, and finally, contributed to the development of a feminist political economy of security. The chapter ends by highlighting the challenges that security privatization poses for feminist activism and revisioning of security.
Erik Esselstrom
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824832315
- eISBN:
- 9780824868932
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824832315.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This book examines the role played by Japan's consular police in shaping the Japanese colonial presence in East Asia. Drawing upon a wide variety of primary and secondary sources, including the ...
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This book examines the role played by Japan's consular police in shaping the Japanese colonial presence in East Asia. Drawing upon a wide variety of primary and secondary sources, including the Gaimushō keisatsushi (A History of the Foreign Ministry Police), the book considers how the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Gaimushō) used this police force to apprehend Korean, Chinese, and Japanese purveyors of “dangerous thought” throughout the empire. It highlights the ways in which the police enabled the Gaimushō to actively promote colonial expansionism in accordance with its perceived political security prerogatives. It also shows how domestic politics intertwined with foreign policy in the Gaimushō's police work.Less
This book examines the role played by Japan's consular police in shaping the Japanese colonial presence in East Asia. Drawing upon a wide variety of primary and secondary sources, including the Gaimushō keisatsushi (A History of the Foreign Ministry Police), the book considers how the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Gaimushō) used this police force to apprehend Korean, Chinese, and Japanese purveyors of “dangerous thought” throughout the empire. It highlights the ways in which the police enabled the Gaimushō to actively promote colonial expansionism in accordance with its perceived political security prerogatives. It also shows how domestic politics intertwined with foreign policy in the Gaimushō's police work.
