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Political Voice through Organized Interests: Introductory Matters

Kay Lehman Schlozman, Sidney Verba, and Henry E. Brady

in The Unheavenly Chorus: Unequal Political Voice and the Broken Promise of American Democracy

This chapter considers several matters that complicate the understanding of inequalities of political voice through organized interests. It first differentiates between, on the one hand, the view of ... More

This chapter considers several matters that complicate the understanding of inequalities of political voice through organized interests. It first differentiates between, on the one hand, the view of organized interest influence that emerges from the periodic scandals involving the use of illicit cash and favors to buy policy benefits from public officials and, on the other, the ordinary, and completely legal, inequalities intrinsic to organized interest politics. The chapter also discusses the multiple factors that make it even more difficult than it is for individual input to identify in practice when a circumstance of equal political voice has been achieved for organized interest input. Finally, a large section of this chapter is devoted to considering whether organized interest activity can make a difference for political outcomes.Less

Characterizing Party-System Changes

in Party-System Collapse: The Roots of Crisis in Peru and Venezuela

This chapter, which examines the changes in traditional political parties and party systems in Peru, Venezuela, and Argentina, describes the interactions between voters and party elites, and the acts ... More

This chapter, which examines the changes in traditional political parties and party systems in Peru, Venezuela, and Argentina, describes the interactions between voters and party elites, and the acts of political protest and violence during the process of party-system collapse. It suggests that these episodes of protests and violence illustrate the high stakes that people in Peruvian and Venezuelan voters attached to political outcomes during the period of party-system collapse and offered an avenue for expression of political dissatisfaction.Less

Geopolitical imperatives of system change: Order and security in post-Cold War Europe

Dimitris N. Chryssochoou, Michael J. Tsinisizelis, Stelios Stavridis, and Kostas Ifantis

in Theory and Reform in the European Union

This chapter discusses the extent to which the change in the international system has created political outcomes that are related to post-Cold War European defence and security, and outlines the ... More

This chapter discusses the extent to which the change in the international system has created political outcomes that are related to post-Cold War European defence and security, and outlines the definitional features of the ‘new order’ in Europe, including the analysis of the post-11 September 2001 context. It also describes and evaluates the way the security arena of Europe has changed.Less

The Political Consequences of the Economic Crisis in Europe: Electoral Punishment and Popular Protest

Hanspeter Kriesi

in Mass Politics in Tough Times: Opinions, Votes and Protest in the Great Recession

This exploratory chapter tries to link the electoral consequences of the Great Recession and the protest to which it has given rise. In the first part, the expectations of the economic voting ... More

This exploratory chapter tries to link the electoral consequences of the Great Recession and the protest to which it has given rise. In the first part, the expectations of the economic voting literature are confirmed in a comparative analysis of electoral outcomes, which shows that the fiscal consequences (large budgetary deficits) in particular are giving rise to severe punishment of governing parties by the electorate. The second part links this electoral punishment to the political protest which, in the countries most hit by the crisis, is shown to have been triggered (Western Europe)/reinforced (Central- and Eastern Europe) by fiscal problems of the state in the crisis.Less

Population Migration and Political Change

Thomas M. Holbrook

in Altered States: Changing Populations, Changing Parties, and the Transformation of the American Political Landscape

This chapter takes a close look at how migration patterns alter the political landscape of states, in part by influencing changes in state population characteristics. The migration analysis addresses ... More

This chapter takes a close look at how migration patterns alter the political landscape of states, in part by influencing changes in state population characteristics. The migration analysis addresses the effects of both internal (state-to-state) and external (foreign) migration. It shows that population migration is a potentially important source of demographic and political change in the states. But not all states are affected equally by migration, with some state experiencing higher levels of migration compared to others. The source of migration streams is also as important as the volume of migration. Separating the foreign-born population from internal migrants, for instance, shows that states with a high level of foreign-born population are almost uniformly states that also have large increases in support for Democratic presidential candidates. In addition, states with a large number of internal migrants from liberal (conservative) states tend to move in a Democratic (Republican) direction.Less