Jeffrey Edward Green
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195372649
- eISBN:
- 9780199871711
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195372649.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
For centuries it has been assumed that democracy must refer to the empowerment of the People's voice. This pioneering book makes the case for considering the People as an ocular entity rather than a ...
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For centuries it has been assumed that democracy must refer to the empowerment of the People's voice. This pioneering book makes the case for considering the People as an ocular entity rather than a vocal one, arguing that it is both possible and desirable to understand democracy in terms of what the People gets to see, instead of the traditional focus on what it gets to say. The Eyes of the People examines democracy from the perspective of everyday citizens in their everyday lives. While it is customary to understand the citizen as a decision maker, most citizens in fact rarely engage in decision making and do not even have clear views on most political issues. The ordinary citizen is not a decision maker but a spectator who watches and listens to the select few empowered to decide. Grounded on this everyday phenomenon of spectatorship, The Eyes of the People constructs a democratic theory applicable to the way democracy is actually experienced by most people most of the time. In approaching democracy from the perspective of the People's eyes, the book rediscovers and rehabilitates a forgotten “plebiscitarian” alternative within the history of democratic thought. Building off the contributions of a wide range of thinkers — including Aristotle, Shakespeare, Benjamin Constant, Max Weber, Joseph Schumpeter, and many others — it outlines a novel democratic paradigm, centered on empowering the People's gaze through forcing politicians to appear in public under conditions they do not fully control.Less
For centuries it has been assumed that democracy must refer to the empowerment of the People's voice. This pioneering book makes the case for considering the People as an ocular entity rather than a vocal one, arguing that it is both possible and desirable to understand democracy in terms of what the People gets to see, instead of the traditional focus on what it gets to say. The Eyes of the People examines democracy from the perspective of everyday citizens in their everyday lives. While it is customary to understand the citizen as a decision maker, most citizens in fact rarely engage in decision making and do not even have clear views on most political issues. The ordinary citizen is not a decision maker but a spectator who watches and listens to the select few empowered to decide. Grounded on this everyday phenomenon of spectatorship, The Eyes of the People constructs a democratic theory applicable to the way democracy is actually experienced by most people most of the time. In approaching democracy from the perspective of the People's eyes, the book rediscovers and rehabilitates a forgotten “plebiscitarian” alternative within the history of democratic thought. Building off the contributions of a wide range of thinkers — including Aristotle, Shakespeare, Benjamin Constant, Max Weber, Joseph Schumpeter, and many others — it outlines a novel democratic paradigm, centered on empowering the People's gaze through forcing politicians to appear in public under conditions they do not fully control.
Alan Dowty
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195134681
- eISBN:
- 9780199848652
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195134681.003.0039
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
A review of the book, Israel in Comparative Perspective: Challenging the Conventional Wisdom by Michael N. Barnett (ed.) is presented. This volume, growing out of a 1993 Jerusalem conference, “Is ...
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A review of the book, Israel in Comparative Perspective: Challenging the Conventional Wisdom by Michael N. Barnett (ed.) is presented. This volume, growing out of a 1993 Jerusalem conference, “Is Israel Unique?” sponsored by the Leonard Davis Institute for International Relations at the Hebrew University, features ten essays covering a broad range of Israeli social and political issues, but with a common concern for a broader perspective provided by other national experiences and by general concepts. Given the pace of academic publication and response, there is already much that can be added to these contributions in subsequent work, but the book stands out as a pioneering enterprise and a major milestone in the field.Less
A review of the book, Israel in Comparative Perspective: Challenging the Conventional Wisdom by Michael N. Barnett (ed.) is presented. This volume, growing out of a 1993 Jerusalem conference, “Is Israel Unique?” sponsored by the Leonard Davis Institute for International Relations at the Hebrew University, features ten essays covering a broad range of Israeli social and political issues, but with a common concern for a broader perspective provided by other national experiences and by general concepts. Given the pace of academic publication and response, there is already much that can be added to these contributions in subsequent work, but the book stands out as a pioneering enterprise and a major milestone in the field.
Harvey Cox
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691158853
- eISBN:
- 9781400848850
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691158853.003.0012
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This concluding chapter argues that speaking about God in a secular fashion is both a sociological problem and a political issue. The reason speaking about God in the secular city is in part a ...
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This concluding chapter argues that speaking about God in a secular fashion is both a sociological problem and a political issue. The reason speaking about God in the secular city is in part a sociological problem is that all words, including the word God, emerge from a particular sociocultural setting. When words change their meanings and become problematical, there is always some social dislocation or cultural breakdown which lies beneath the confusion. There are basically two types of such equivocality; one is caused by historical change, the other by social differentiation. However, speaking about God in a secular fashion is not just a sociological problem. Since views of the world in today's period are being politicized, in which the political is replacing the metaphysical as the characteristic mode of grasping reality, “naming” today becomes in part also a political issue.Less
This concluding chapter argues that speaking about God in a secular fashion is both a sociological problem and a political issue. The reason speaking about God in the secular city is in part a sociological problem is that all words, including the word God, emerge from a particular sociocultural setting. When words change their meanings and become problematical, there is always some social dislocation or cultural breakdown which lies beneath the confusion. There are basically two types of such equivocality; one is caused by historical change, the other by social differentiation. However, speaking about God in a secular fashion is not just a sociological problem. Since views of the world in today's period are being politicized, in which the political is replacing the metaphysical as the characteristic mode of grasping reality, “naming” today becomes in part also a political issue.
Roderick Martin
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198775690
- eISBN:
- 9780191695377
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198775690.003.0002
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business, Political Economy
This chapter examines six fundamental political issues in the political transformation process which were significant for enterprise management. The first is the treatment of the ancien régime and ...
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This chapter examines six fundamental political issues in the political transformation process which were significant for enterprise management. The first is the treatment of the ancien régime and the tension between de-Communization and depoliticization. The second is the process of regime legitimation and the development of a ‘civic culture’ capable of supporting new political institutions. Thirdly, there is the creation of national political parties, capable of building coherent political platforms and establishing links between national and local political aspirations. The fourth issue is the development of intermediary organizations such as environmental and consumer groups, employers' organizations, and trade unions capable of providing the infrastructure for pluralist democracy. The fifth issue is the establishment of orderly relations and a balance of power between the executive and the legislature. Finally, the chapter examines the fostering of local democracy and political involvement through the decentralization of authority and responsibility.Less
This chapter examines six fundamental political issues in the political transformation process which were significant for enterprise management. The first is the treatment of the ancien régime and the tension between de-Communization and depoliticization. The second is the process of regime legitimation and the development of a ‘civic culture’ capable of supporting new political institutions. Thirdly, there is the creation of national political parties, capable of building coherent political platforms and establishing links between national and local political aspirations. The fourth issue is the development of intermediary organizations such as environmental and consumer groups, employers' organizations, and trade unions capable of providing the infrastructure for pluralist democracy. The fifth issue is the establishment of orderly relations and a balance of power between the executive and the legislature. Finally, the chapter examines the fostering of local democracy and political involvement through the decentralization of authority and responsibility.
Michael Quinlan
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199563944
- eISBN:
- 9780191721274
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563944.003.00013
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter looks at the idea of abolishing all nuclear armouries, observing that both extremes of debate about this often oversimplify the issues, but that the NPT-recognized nuclear-weapon ...
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This chapter looks at the idea of abolishing all nuclear armouries, observing that both extremes of debate about this often oversimplify the issues, but that the NPT-recognized nuclear-weapon possessor states have all in the past undertaken to accept abolition as an ultimate goal. It then notes that any path toward it, envisaging the abandonment of the contribution which nuclear weapons have probably made to the absence of major war between advanced powers since 1945, must tackle both deep political issues and complex technical problems—it will not suffice for study to focus just upon the latter. This chapter sketches in outline a range of issues in both categories, and argues that those who believe in abolition and those who do not could usefully make common cause in supporting study work to deepen understanding about avenues, obstacles, and implications.Less
This chapter looks at the idea of abolishing all nuclear armouries, observing that both extremes of debate about this often oversimplify the issues, but that the NPT-recognized nuclear-weapon possessor states have all in the past undertaken to accept abolition as an ultimate goal. It then notes that any path toward it, envisaging the abandonment of the contribution which nuclear weapons have probably made to the absence of major war between advanced powers since 1945, must tackle both deep political issues and complex technical problems—it will not suffice for study to focus just upon the latter. This chapter sketches in outline a range of issues in both categories, and argues that those who believe in abolition and those who do not could usefully make common cause in supporting study work to deepen understanding about avenues, obstacles, and implications.
Delia Baldassarri
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199828241
- eISBN:
- 9780199979783
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199828241.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
Chapter 6 examines the effectiveness of the cognitive shortcuts and the consistency of their use, and shows that the judgment strategies used by utilius, amicus, and aliens are deployed not just in ...
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Chapter 6 examines the effectiveness of the cognitive shortcuts and the consistency of their use, and shows that the judgment strategies used by utilius, amicus, and aliens are deployed not just in determining their voting behavior but also in other decision-making tasks they undertake. In particular, we show that utilius voters rely on the left-right ideological dimension even when they judge policy issues, or their future voting preferences, and that amicus voters use their simplified vision of politics in which the political competition is limited to the two major coalitions both in their judgment of political leaders and the performance of the government. The effectiveness of these heuristics is proved by the fact that utilius and amicus voters show levels of coherence in the organization of their opinions that are higher than those of the most interested and educated individuals. On the contrary, the aliens type, who does not follow the decision-making mechanisms employed by utilius and amicus, is much less capable of using the left-right dimension to manage the organization of the parties and his issue opinions even compared to the least educated and interested voters. However, even the aliens voter is not without an organizing principle. Indeed, he is guided by a cynic realism, or pessimism, that leads to systematically negative evaluations of every party, coalition, and political leader.Less
Chapter 6 examines the effectiveness of the cognitive shortcuts and the consistency of their use, and shows that the judgment strategies used by utilius, amicus, and aliens are deployed not just in determining their voting behavior but also in other decision-making tasks they undertake. In particular, we show that utilius voters rely on the left-right ideological dimension even when they judge policy issues, or their future voting preferences, and that amicus voters use their simplified vision of politics in which the political competition is limited to the two major coalitions both in their judgment of political leaders and the performance of the government. The effectiveness of these heuristics is proved by the fact that utilius and amicus voters show levels of coherence in the organization of their opinions that are higher than those of the most interested and educated individuals. On the contrary, the aliens type, who does not follow the decision-making mechanisms employed by utilius and amicus, is much less capable of using the left-right dimension to manage the organization of the parties and his issue opinions even compared to the least educated and interested voters. However, even the aliens voter is not without an organizing principle. Indeed, he is guided by a cynic realism, or pessimism, that leads to systematically negative evaluations of every party, coalition, and political leader.
Sherif Younes
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9789774162015
- eISBN:
- 9781617970993
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774162015.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Regardless of how the conflict over the 1972 Law on Judicial Authority and the laws governing election monitoring ended, judges have succeeded for the first time since 1954 in transforming the ...
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Regardless of how the conflict over the 1972 Law on Judicial Authority and the laws governing election monitoring ended, judges have succeeded for the first time since 1954 in transforming the question of their full independence into a public political issue. This chapter deals with the issue of the participation of the judiciary in the elections from the point of view of the judges' public discourse in defense of their demands within the context of the referendum and the two elections. It discusses the limits of these demands, the opposition to them, and, most importantly, the features of the political infrastructure that allowed this distinctive role of the judiciary to emerge in public. It demonstrates how the judges' positions have been politicized and analyzes the structural roots of the judges' movement in the political infrastructure.Less
Regardless of how the conflict over the 1972 Law on Judicial Authority and the laws governing election monitoring ended, judges have succeeded for the first time since 1954 in transforming the question of their full independence into a public political issue. This chapter deals with the issue of the participation of the judiciary in the elections from the point of view of the judges' public discourse in defense of their demands within the context of the referendum and the two elections. It discusses the limits of these demands, the opposition to them, and, most importantly, the features of the political infrastructure that allowed this distinctive role of the judiciary to emerge in public. It demonstrates how the judges' positions have been politicized and analyzes the structural roots of the judges' movement in the political infrastructure.
Arthur Goldschmidt and Amy J. Johnson (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9789774249006
- eISBN:
- 9781617971006
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774249006.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
This book presents new and often dismissed aspects of the constitutional monarchy era in Egyptian history. It demonstrates that many of the domestic and regional sociopolitical and cultural changes ...
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This book presents new and often dismissed aspects of the constitutional monarchy era in Egyptian history. It demonstrates that many of the domestic and regional sociopolitical and cultural changes credited to the 1952 revolutionaries actually began in the decades before the July coup. Arguing against the predominant view of the pre-revolutionary era in Egypt as one of creeping decay, the volume restores understandings of the 1919–1952 years as integral to modern nation-state formation and social transformation. The book's chapters show that Egypt's real revolutions were long-term processes emerging over several decades prior to 1952. The leaders of the 1952 coup capitalized on these developments, yet earlier changes in Egyptian society fundamentally facilitated their actions and policies. This volume includes revisionist discussion of domestic political issues and foreign policy; the military, education, social reform, and class; as well as popular media, art, and literature. By introducing new approaches to these under-appreciated categories of analysis through exploration of untapped sources and by re-examining the political context of the time, this book proposes innovative methodologies for understanding this crucial period in Egyptian history, casting these years as fundamental to the country's twentieth-century trajectory.Less
This book presents new and often dismissed aspects of the constitutional monarchy era in Egyptian history. It demonstrates that many of the domestic and regional sociopolitical and cultural changes credited to the 1952 revolutionaries actually began in the decades before the July coup. Arguing against the predominant view of the pre-revolutionary era in Egypt as one of creeping decay, the volume restores understandings of the 1919–1952 years as integral to modern nation-state formation and social transformation. The book's chapters show that Egypt's real revolutions were long-term processes emerging over several decades prior to 1952. The leaders of the 1952 coup capitalized on these developments, yet earlier changes in Egyptian society fundamentally facilitated their actions and policies. This volume includes revisionist discussion of domestic political issues and foreign policy; the military, education, social reform, and class; as well as popular media, art, and literature. By introducing new approaches to these under-appreciated categories of analysis through exploration of untapped sources and by re-examining the political context of the time, this book proposes innovative methodologies for understanding this crucial period in Egyptian history, casting these years as fundamental to the country's twentieth-century trajectory.
Albert E. Moyer
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520076891
- eISBN:
- 9780520912137
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520076891.003.0007
- Subject:
- Anthropology, American and Canadian Cultural Anthropology
Newcomb did more than merely extol the desirability of using scientific method to attack current political and economic problems. He himself had developed into a political economist of some repute, ...
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Newcomb did more than merely extol the desirability of using scientific method to attack current political and economic problems. He himself had developed into a political economist of some repute, publishing numerous technical and popular expositions on finance, trade, taxation, currency, and labor. Through a steady stream of books, articles, notes, reviews, and speeches, Newcomb sought to provide a dispassionate analysis of the political and economic issues of his day, thus demonstrating rather than merely describing the social utility of scientific method.Less
Newcomb did more than merely extol the desirability of using scientific method to attack current political and economic problems. He himself had developed into a political economist of some repute, publishing numerous technical and popular expositions on finance, trade, taxation, currency, and labor. Through a steady stream of books, articles, notes, reviews, and speeches, Newcomb sought to provide a dispassionate analysis of the political and economic issues of his day, thus demonstrating rather than merely describing the social utility of scientific method.
John G. Geer
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226284989
- eISBN:
- 9780226285009
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226285009.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
Americans tend to see negative campaign ads as just that: negative. Pundits, journalists, voters, and scholars frequently complain that such ads undermine elections and even democratic government ...
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Americans tend to see negative campaign ads as just that: negative. Pundits, journalists, voters, and scholars frequently complain that such ads undermine elections and even democratic government itself. But the author of this book takes the opposite stance, arguing that when political candidates attack each other, raising doubts about each other's views and qualifications, voters—and the democratic process—benefit. In this study of negative advertising in presidential campaigns from 1960 to 2004, the author asserts that the proliferating attack ads are far more likely than positive ads to focus on salient political issues, rather than politicians' personal characteristics. Accordingly, the ads enrich the democratic process, providing voters with relevant and substantial information before they head to the polls. The author concludes that if we want campaigns to grapple with relevant issues and address real problems, negative ads just might be the solution.Less
Americans tend to see negative campaign ads as just that: negative. Pundits, journalists, voters, and scholars frequently complain that such ads undermine elections and even democratic government itself. But the author of this book takes the opposite stance, arguing that when political candidates attack each other, raising doubts about each other's views and qualifications, voters—and the democratic process—benefit. In this study of negative advertising in presidential campaigns from 1960 to 2004, the author asserts that the proliferating attack ads are far more likely than positive ads to focus on salient political issues, rather than politicians' personal characteristics. Accordingly, the ads enrich the democratic process, providing voters with relevant and substantial information before they head to the polls. The author concludes that if we want campaigns to grapple with relevant issues and address real problems, negative ads just might be the solution.
Paul U. Unschuld
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520257658
- eISBN:
- 9780520944701
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520257658.003.0078
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Medical Anthropology
AIDS unites the germ theory of disease with systems thinking. AIDS could only arise in the late twentieth century. The encounter with HIV/AIDS has brought tremendous inspiration to virologists' ...
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AIDS unites the germ theory of disease with systems thinking. AIDS could only arise in the late twentieth century. The encounter with HIV/AIDS has brought tremendous inspiration to virologists' research. The disease model of HIV/AIDS that emerged in the late twentieth and early twenty-first century was clearly marked by the social and economic circumstances of the time. It had plausibility, but it did not correspond with reality. This plausibility gained its persuasiveness through several factors. At its center were systems thinking in economics, criminal law, and many other domains, which had been emerging since the mid-twentieth century. By the late twentieth century, systems thinking were set off by a growing consciousness of living in a hitherto intact world, now increasingly threatened by intruders. Closed borders or openness to immigration were the big political issues that were reflected in the HIV/AIDS metaphor, in which an organism whose immune system is weakened by intruders becomes vulnerable to all kinds of trouble and is ultimately killed.Less
AIDS unites the germ theory of disease with systems thinking. AIDS could only arise in the late twentieth century. The encounter with HIV/AIDS has brought tremendous inspiration to virologists' research. The disease model of HIV/AIDS that emerged in the late twentieth and early twenty-first century was clearly marked by the social and economic circumstances of the time. It had plausibility, but it did not correspond with reality. This plausibility gained its persuasiveness through several factors. At its center were systems thinking in economics, criminal law, and many other domains, which had been emerging since the mid-twentieth century. By the late twentieth century, systems thinking were set off by a growing consciousness of living in a hitherto intact world, now increasingly threatened by intruders. Closed borders or openness to immigration were the big political issues that were reflected in the HIV/AIDS metaphor, in which an organism whose immune system is weakened by intruders becomes vulnerable to all kinds of trouble and is ultimately killed.
Colin Copus
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719071867
- eISBN:
- 9781781701379
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719071867.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
This chapter examines, through three case studies, how the elected mayors have engaged with local political issues that have stimulated intense public interest and political activity. The Hartlepool ...
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This chapter examines, through three case studies, how the elected mayors have engaged with local political issues that have stimulated intense public interest and political activity. The Hartlepool ‘ghost ships’ saga is interesting because it arose in an area governed by an elected mayor and because it affected an area in which two elected mayors—Stuart Drummond and Ray Mallon—held conflicting positions on the issue. The Liberal Democrat mayor of Watford had originally opposed the introduction of an elected mayor to the borough and announced before her election (as mayor) that she wished to see it replaced. The case studies show that English mayors must navigate a complex set of interrelationships when governing and that they cannot rely on being able to make a decision at the end of such negotiation.Less
This chapter examines, through three case studies, how the elected mayors have engaged with local political issues that have stimulated intense public interest and political activity. The Hartlepool ‘ghost ships’ saga is interesting because it arose in an area governed by an elected mayor and because it affected an area in which two elected mayors—Stuart Drummond and Ray Mallon—held conflicting positions on the issue. The Liberal Democrat mayor of Watford had originally opposed the introduction of an elected mayor to the borough and announced before her election (as mayor) that she wished to see it replaced. The case studies show that English mayors must navigate a complex set of interrelationships when governing and that they cannot rely on being able to make a decision at the end of such negotiation.
Roy Parker
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847420145
- eISBN:
- 9781447304142
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847420145.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
Some 80,000 British children – many of them under the age of ten – were shipped from Britain to Canada by Poor Law authorities and voluntary bodies during the fifty years following Confederation in ...
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Some 80,000 British children – many of them under the age of ten – were shipped from Britain to Canada by Poor Law authorities and voluntary bodies during the fifty years following Confederation in 1867. How did this come about? What were the motives and methods of the people involved in both countries? Why did it come to an end? What effects did it have on the children involved and what eventually became of them? These are the questions explored in this book, which brings together economic, political, social, medical, legal, administrative, and religious aspects of the story in Britain and Canada. The author concludes with a review of evidence from more-recent survivors of child migration, discussing the lifelong effects of their experiences with the help of modern psychological insights. The book features the relatives and descendants, both in Britain and Canada, of the children around whom this study revolves.Less
Some 80,000 British children – many of them under the age of ten – were shipped from Britain to Canada by Poor Law authorities and voluntary bodies during the fifty years following Confederation in 1867. How did this come about? What were the motives and methods of the people involved in both countries? Why did it come to an end? What effects did it have on the children involved and what eventually became of them? These are the questions explored in this book, which brings together economic, political, social, medical, legal, administrative, and religious aspects of the story in Britain and Canada. The author concludes with a review of evidence from more-recent survivors of child migration, discussing the lifelong effects of their experiences with the help of modern psychological insights. The book features the relatives and descendants, both in Britain and Canada, of the children around whom this study revolves.
FRANCES HARRIS
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202240
- eISBN:
- 9780191675232
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202240.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
Sarah's loss of favour was becoming no longer a secret because of all the publicity and issues that accompanied Harley's resignation. Because Harley allegedly had allies among the bedchamberwomen of ...
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Sarah's loss of favour was becoming no longer a secret because of all the publicity and issues that accompanied Harley's resignation. Because Harley allegedly had allies among the bedchamberwomen of the Queen, Harley was able to boast about how he had the power to play anybody even after his resignation. Because a new favourite rose to a post, the problems of Marlborough and the Whigs were only half solved. As such, some of the Whigs suggested that both Abigail Masham — Sarah's rival — and Sarah could not stay in the Court at the same time, and that Abigail should be dismissed through a parliamentary address. This chapter looks into the Maynwaring's motives of becoming one of Sarah's confidantes. Also, it explores the various political issues that were brought up during that period.Less
Sarah's loss of favour was becoming no longer a secret because of all the publicity and issues that accompanied Harley's resignation. Because Harley allegedly had allies among the bedchamberwomen of the Queen, Harley was able to boast about how he had the power to play anybody even after his resignation. Because a new favourite rose to a post, the problems of Marlborough and the Whigs were only half solved. As such, some of the Whigs suggested that both Abigail Masham — Sarah's rival — and Sarah could not stay in the Court at the same time, and that Abigail should be dismissed through a parliamentary address. This chapter looks into the Maynwaring's motives of becoming one of Sarah's confidantes. Also, it explores the various political issues that were brought up during that period.
Christopher Hodges
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199282555
- eISBN:
- 9780191700217
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199282555.003.0016
- Subject:
- Law, EU Law
This part of the book turns from examining the mechanisms that are adopted within the legislation to examining the legislation from different, wider perspectives, in particular by examining some ...
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This part of the book turns from examining the mechanisms that are adopted within the legislation to examining the legislation from different, wider perspectives, in particular by examining some important themes. It follows from the recognition that the analysis involves socio-political issues, that it is necessary to analyse product safety regulation in relation to the way in which the various Community actors (notably, as found in Part One and Part Two, the Commission, Member State authorities, committees, European and national agencies, manufacturers, and consumers) interrelate in reaching judgements on safety regulation. In order to be more specific about the level of safety that is desired or achieved, concepts of risk are used. Risk is a concept based on quantification, and it is therefore necessary for there to be mechanisms that produce quantified data.Less
This part of the book turns from examining the mechanisms that are adopted within the legislation to examining the legislation from different, wider perspectives, in particular by examining some important themes. It follows from the recognition that the analysis involves socio-political issues, that it is necessary to analyse product safety regulation in relation to the way in which the various Community actors (notably, as found in Part One and Part Two, the Commission, Member State authorities, committees, European and national agencies, manufacturers, and consumers) interrelate in reaching judgements on safety regulation. In order to be more specific about the level of safety that is desired or achieved, concepts of risk are used. Risk is a concept based on quantification, and it is therefore necessary for there to be mechanisms that produce quantified data.
Tina Nabatchi, John Gastil, Matt Leighninger, and G. Michael Weiksner (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199899265
- eISBN:
- 9780199980147
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199899265.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory, Democratization
The field of deliberative civic engagement is rapidly growing around the world—but it remains highly fragmented. Motivated by the widely recognized need to pool the collective experience and ...
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The field of deliberative civic engagement is rapidly growing around the world—but it remains highly fragmented. Motivated by the widely recognized need to pool the collective experience and knowledge of scholars, practitioners, and advocates, this book represents the first comprehensive assessment of deliberative civic engagement. Each chapter in the book addresses a broad, yet specific “big question” about deliberative civic engagement, and reviews both published and unpublished writings across disciplines, settings, locations, and processes to assess what we know, how we know it, and what we do not yet know. Part I provides a broad overview of deliberative civic engagement, defining terms and examining the many organizations doing work related to deliberative civic engagement. Part II introduces the reader to process and design issues central to deliberative civic engagement, including questions about recruitment and participation, communication, inclusion and diversity, and the use of online tools. Part III examines issues integral to deliberative civic engagement, including questions about the impacts and outcomes of such processes for individuals, communities, and policy, and well as questions about the evaluation of such processes. Part IV concludes the book with two chapters. This book examines and responds to critics' concerns about deliberative civic engagement. The other draws together the work in the previous sections, examining uncertainties and unresolved questions, and looks to the future, developing an agenda for the advancement of the practice and study of deliberative civic engagement.Less
The field of deliberative civic engagement is rapidly growing around the world—but it remains highly fragmented. Motivated by the widely recognized need to pool the collective experience and knowledge of scholars, practitioners, and advocates, this book represents the first comprehensive assessment of deliberative civic engagement. Each chapter in the book addresses a broad, yet specific “big question” about deliberative civic engagement, and reviews both published and unpublished writings across disciplines, settings, locations, and processes to assess what we know, how we know it, and what we do not yet know. Part I provides a broad overview of deliberative civic engagement, defining terms and examining the many organizations doing work related to deliberative civic engagement. Part II introduces the reader to process and design issues central to deliberative civic engagement, including questions about recruitment and participation, communication, inclusion and diversity, and the use of online tools. Part III examines issues integral to deliberative civic engagement, including questions about the impacts and outcomes of such processes for individuals, communities, and policy, and well as questions about the evaluation of such processes. Part IV concludes the book with two chapters. This book examines and responds to critics' concerns about deliberative civic engagement. The other draws together the work in the previous sections, examining uncertainties and unresolved questions, and looks to the future, developing an agenda for the advancement of the practice and study of deliberative civic engagement.
J. Eric Oliver and Thomas J. Wood
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780226578477
- eISBN:
- 9780226578644
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226578644.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
The examination of the American political climate continues in to a broader look at the myriad beliefs held by US voters. This chapter discusses the three biggest factors in what effects voter ...
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The examination of the American political climate continues in to a broader look at the myriad beliefs held by US voters. This chapter discusses the three biggest factors in what effects voter opinion: the types of issues in question, how the issues are framed, and what they hear about these issues and from whom. These three ways of framing an issue also illuminate how current models of public opinion do not fit how most Americans approach politics.Less
The examination of the American political climate continues in to a broader look at the myriad beliefs held by US voters. This chapter discusses the three biggest factors in what effects voter opinion: the types of issues in question, how the issues are framed, and what they hear about these issues and from whom. These three ways of framing an issue also illuminate how current models of public opinion do not fit how most Americans approach politics.
Carlo Guarnieri and Patrizia Pederzoli
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198298359
- eISBN:
- 9780191685422
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198298359.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Legal Profession and Ethics
Judicial intervention in social, economic, and political issues (‘judicialization’) has increased substantially in democracies in recent years. The change has been more dramatic in Europe than in the ...
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Judicial intervention in social, economic, and political issues (‘judicialization’) has increased substantially in democracies in recent years. The change has been more dramatic in Europe than in the United States, where judicial law-making has largely been assimilated into the political process. Judges played a central role in a series of major political controversies throughout the 1990s in Italy, Spain, and France, and their involvement has resulted in moves to restrict or alter the power of judges. The role of judges has also become the subject of political debate and reform proposals in England, Portugal, and Germany. This book argues that three elements affect the political significance of judicial decisions. First is the status of judges (the way they are recruited and the guarantees they enjoy) and the way judges define their role in the judicial and political process. Second is the organization of the judicial system, including the existence of judicial review of legislation, the structure of trials, and the arrangement of public prosecution. Thirdly, judicial power is affected by the broader political system: a polity in which power is divided and fragmented offers wider opportunities for the judiciary to intervene in the political process.Less
Judicial intervention in social, economic, and political issues (‘judicialization’) has increased substantially in democracies in recent years. The change has been more dramatic in Europe than in the United States, where judicial law-making has largely been assimilated into the political process. Judges played a central role in a series of major political controversies throughout the 1990s in Italy, Spain, and France, and their involvement has resulted in moves to restrict or alter the power of judges. The role of judges has also become the subject of political debate and reform proposals in England, Portugal, and Germany. This book argues that three elements affect the political significance of judicial decisions. First is the status of judges (the way they are recruited and the guarantees they enjoy) and the way judges define their role in the judicial and political process. Second is the organization of the judicial system, including the existence of judicial review of legislation, the structure of trials, and the arrangement of public prosecution. Thirdly, judicial power is affected by the broader political system: a polity in which power is divided and fragmented offers wider opportunities for the judiciary to intervene in the political process.
Robert Peterson
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195076370
- eISBN:
- 9780199853786
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195076370.003.0014
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
The chapter discusses how baseball started in the United States during the war as the game spread in army camps and military prisons. When the National Association of Base Ball Players was faced with ...
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The chapter discusses how baseball started in the United States during the war as the game spread in army camps and military prisons. When the National Association of Base Ball Players was faced with the question of how it was to deal with colored players, it chose the side of repression and banned black players from joining. Being Negro was already a political issue during that time but the reason for this decision was discrimination. As a result, Negroes just played among themselves. However, this move was frowned upon by local publications. The chapter also tells about Moses Fleetwood Walker who became the first Negro major league baseball player. Others followed in his footsteps including Bud Fowler, George W. Stovey, and Frank Grant.Less
The chapter discusses how baseball started in the United States during the war as the game spread in army camps and military prisons. When the National Association of Base Ball Players was faced with the question of how it was to deal with colored players, it chose the side of repression and banned black players from joining. Being Negro was already a political issue during that time but the reason for this decision was discrimination. As a result, Negroes just played among themselves. However, this move was frowned upon by local publications. The chapter also tells about Moses Fleetwood Walker who became the first Negro major league baseball player. Others followed in his footsteps including Bud Fowler, George W. Stovey, and Frank Grant.
Russell J. Dalton
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198830986
- eISBN:
- 9780191868924
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198830986.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This chapter discusses the link between citizens’ positions on specific political issues and broader political cleavages that structure political competition. Issue opinions are primarily structured ...
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This chapter discusses the link between citizens’ positions on specific political issues and broader political cleavages that structure political competition. Issue opinions are primarily structured by two issue cleavages: economic and cultural. I argue that these broader issue cleavages are more likely to shape enduring political alignments and the party preferences of voters. The economic cleavage includes issues such as the role of the state, social services, and income inequality. The cultural cleavage has evolved from issues such as environmental protection, gender equality and European unification in the 1970s, to a wider set of issues involving immigration, LGBTQ rights, and social equality—and conservative reactions to these issues. Data from the European Election Studies (EES) in 1979, 2009, and 2014 track the evolution of both issue cleavages. The chapter conclusion considers the implications of this evolutionary process for political alignments in Europe.Less
This chapter discusses the link between citizens’ positions on specific political issues and broader political cleavages that structure political competition. Issue opinions are primarily structured by two issue cleavages: economic and cultural. I argue that these broader issue cleavages are more likely to shape enduring political alignments and the party preferences of voters. The economic cleavage includes issues such as the role of the state, social services, and income inequality. The cultural cleavage has evolved from issues such as environmental protection, gender equality and European unification in the 1970s, to a wider set of issues involving immigration, LGBTQ rights, and social equality—and conservative reactions to these issues. Data from the European Election Studies (EES) in 1979, 2009, and 2014 track the evolution of both issue cleavages. The chapter conclusion considers the implications of this evolutionary process for political alignments in Europe.
