John L. Campbell and Ove K. Pedersen
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691150314
- eISBN:
- 9781400850365
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691150314.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This chapter assesses the degree to which knowledge regimes influence policymaking. It begins by asking whether individual policy research organizations influence policymakers' thinking? For ...
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This chapter assesses the degree to which knowledge regimes influence policymaking. It begins by asking whether individual policy research organizations influence policymakers' thinking? For methodological reasons, it is enormously difficult to determine which policy research organizations are influential on an individual basis. Notably, the evidence offered by people in these organizations by which they try to measure their organization's influence is, by their own admission, often circumstantial at best. Meanwhile, based on content analysis of reports from national councils of economic advisors in the four countries studied here, arguments, analyses, and policy recommendations from these councils reflect the arrangement of the knowledge regimes in which they are located. As such, these cases demonstrate that the structure of knowledge regimes affects the content of the ideas that they produce.Less
This chapter assesses the degree to which knowledge regimes influence policymaking. It begins by asking whether individual policy research organizations influence policymakers' thinking? For methodological reasons, it is enormously difficult to determine which policy research organizations are influential on an individual basis. Notably, the evidence offered by people in these organizations by which they try to measure their organization's influence is, by their own admission, often circumstantial at best. Meanwhile, based on content analysis of reports from national councils of economic advisors in the four countries studied here, arguments, analyses, and policy recommendations from these councils reflect the arrangement of the knowledge regimes in which they are located. As such, these cases demonstrate that the structure of knowledge regimes affects the content of the ideas that they produce.
Peter J. Pecora, Ronald C. Kessler, Jason Williams, A. Chris Downs, Diana J. English, James White, and Kirk O'Brien
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195175912
- eISBN:
- 9780199865628
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195175912.003.0013
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
This chapter summarizes the Northwest Alumni Study's main study research questions, hypotheses, and findings. Recommendations tied directly to the study data are discussed, along with other ...
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This chapter summarizes the Northwest Alumni Study's main study research questions, hypotheses, and findings. Recommendations tied directly to the study data are discussed, along with other strategies that have been identified through discussions with alumni from foster care, staff, and others. The summary of major study findings is divided into findings from the (1) primary research questions and corresponding hypotheses and (2) supplemental research questions. Many of the questions and hypotheses concern the overall status of outcomes such as mental health functioning, while other questions concern relations among variables, such as the effect of child maltreatment on future financial health. In addition to answering the questions and testing hypotheses, data presented in previous chapters have provided answers to many unasked questions. These findings are presented where appropriate.Less
This chapter summarizes the Northwest Alumni Study's main study research questions, hypotheses, and findings. Recommendations tied directly to the study data are discussed, along with other strategies that have been identified through discussions with alumni from foster care, staff, and others. The summary of major study findings is divided into findings from the (1) primary research questions and corresponding hypotheses and (2) supplemental research questions. Many of the questions and hypotheses concern the overall status of outcomes such as mental health functioning, while other questions concern relations among variables, such as the effect of child maltreatment on future financial health. In addition to answering the questions and testing hypotheses, data presented in previous chapters have provided answers to many unasked questions. These findings are presented where appropriate.
Sheena Asthana
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861346742
- eISBN:
- 9781447304258
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861346742.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
In recent years, tackling health inequalities has become a key policy objective in the UK. However, doubts remain about how best to translate broad policy recommendations into practice. One key area ...
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In recent years, tackling health inequalities has become a key policy objective in the UK. However, doubts remain about how best to translate broad policy recommendations into practice. One key area of uncertainty concerns the role of local-level initiatives. This book identifies the key targets for intervention through a detailed exploration of the pathways and processes that give rise to health inequalities across the lifecourse. It sets this against an examination of both local practice and the national policy context, to establish what works in health inequalities policy, how and why. The book provides a comprehensive account of theory, policy and practice. It spans the lifecourse from the early years to old age and explores the links between biological, psychological, social, educational and economic factors and a range of health outcomes. In addition, the book describes key policy initiatives, assesses research evidence of ‘what works’, examines the limitations of the existing evidence base and highlights key areas of debate.Less
In recent years, tackling health inequalities has become a key policy objective in the UK. However, doubts remain about how best to translate broad policy recommendations into practice. One key area of uncertainty concerns the role of local-level initiatives. This book identifies the key targets for intervention through a detailed exploration of the pathways and processes that give rise to health inequalities across the lifecourse. It sets this against an examination of both local practice and the national policy context, to establish what works in health inequalities policy, how and why. The book provides a comprehensive account of theory, policy and practice. It spans the lifecourse from the early years to old age and explores the links between biological, psychological, social, educational and economic factors and a range of health outcomes. In addition, the book describes key policy initiatives, assesses research evidence of ‘what works’, examines the limitations of the existing evidence base and highlights key areas of debate.
Leonardo Morlino
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199572533
- eISBN:
- 9780191731082
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199572533.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization, Comparative Politics
The four key theoretical mechanisms that came out of the entire research are recalled and the prospects for future research on the field are proposed. Finally, the issue of what policy ...
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The four key theoretical mechanisms that came out of the entire research are recalled and the prospects for future research on the field are proposed. Finally, the issue of what policy recommendations should be addressed is discussed.Less
The four key theoretical mechanisms that came out of the entire research are recalled and the prospects for future research on the field are proposed. Finally, the issue of what policy recommendations should be addressed is discussed.
Keren Yarhi-Milo
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780691181288
- eISBN:
- 9781400889983
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691181288.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This chapter explores historical case studies as part of a layered methodological approach. It uses three observable implications to code a president as believing strongly in the efficacy of force: a ...
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This chapter explores historical case studies as part of a layered methodological approach. It uses three observable implications to code a president as believing strongly in the efficacy of force: a preference for higher military spending, a preference for covert military action, and a preference for military solutions over diplomatic ones. Beliefs about the effectiveness of military force capture the president's views regarding use of force in general. Thus, as the theory suggests, those views might affect the propensity to fight for reputation, but that effect is deterministic, because it interacts with the president's self-monitoring disposition. The chapter then explains how evaluating the self-monitoring, hawkishness, and policy recommendations of the presidents' main advisors offers several significant benefits to the research design.Less
This chapter explores historical case studies as part of a layered methodological approach. It uses three observable implications to code a president as believing strongly in the efficacy of force: a preference for higher military spending, a preference for covert military action, and a preference for military solutions over diplomatic ones. Beliefs about the effectiveness of military force capture the president's views regarding use of force in general. Thus, as the theory suggests, those views might affect the propensity to fight for reputation, but that effect is deterministic, because it interacts with the president's self-monitoring disposition. The chapter then explains how evaluating the self-monitoring, hawkishness, and policy recommendations of the presidents' main advisors offers several significant benefits to the research design.
Francesco Boldizzoni
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691144009
- eISBN:
- 9781400838851
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691144009.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This chapter begins with a discussion of the roots of economic history. It then turns to the identity crisis faced by economic history today, brought about by the development of a movement founded in ...
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This chapter begins with a discussion of the roots of economic history. It then turns to the identity crisis faced by economic history today, brought about by the development of a movement founded in the United States at the end of the 1950s known as “new economic history” or “cliometrics.” History is normally expected to improve our understanding of the past. It is probably agreed that what distinguishes good historical research is its capacity to throw light on the workings of societies that differ to varying degrees from our own. However, the aim of cliometrics is not to increase our knowledge of the past. It is to create narratives of the past compatible with neoliberal economics, and often it is a highly ideological exercise to endorse specific worldviews, theories, and policy recommendations.Less
This chapter begins with a discussion of the roots of economic history. It then turns to the identity crisis faced by economic history today, brought about by the development of a movement founded in the United States at the end of the 1950s known as “new economic history” or “cliometrics.” History is normally expected to improve our understanding of the past. It is probably agreed that what distinguishes good historical research is its capacity to throw light on the workings of societies that differ to varying degrees from our own. However, the aim of cliometrics is not to increase our knowledge of the past. It is to create narratives of the past compatible with neoliberal economics, and often it is a highly ideological exercise to endorse specific worldviews, theories, and policy recommendations.
Brian H. Bornstein and Monica K. Miller
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195328677
- eISBN:
- 9780199869954
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195328677.003.010
- Subject:
- Psychology, Forensic Psychology
This concluding chapter summarizes the major findings, identifies some of the key themes running through the book, and discusses future research directions. It also revisits the questions raised in ...
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This concluding chapter summarizes the major findings, identifies some of the key themes running through the book, and discusses future research directions. It also revisits the questions raised in earlier chapter of why religion at trial matters, whether it should matter, and the extent to which it does matter.Less
This concluding chapter summarizes the major findings, identifies some of the key themes running through the book, and discusses future research directions. It also revisits the questions raised in earlier chapter of why religion at trial matters, whether it should matter, and the extent to which it does matter.
Nathan J. Kelly
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226665474
- eISBN:
- 9780226665641
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226665641.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
This chapter reviews the core arguments made in the book and considers some of the implications for the possibility of reversing the trend toward higher inequality. One key point is that any effort ...
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This chapter reviews the core arguments made in the book and considers some of the implications for the possibility of reversing the trend toward higher inequality. One key point is that any effort to alter economic inequality should tackle both the economic and political side of the coin. Without reducing political inequality alongside economic inequality, reductions in inequality are less likely to happen and be durable. However, since economic and political inequality tend to reinforce each other, progress on either side of the coin could have reinforcing consequences on the other. So undermining economic inequality will tend to reduce political inequality and vice versa. Another key point is that economic inequality is particularly entrenched in contemporary America partly because inequality is so concentrated at the top. It is likely that top-heavy inequality induces economic inequality more than inequality in the middle of the distribution does. A comparison of the Great Depression and the Great Recession bolsters this point. Undermining racism, reducing status quo bias, expanding the political power of middle income groups, and prioritizing economic equality are discussed as policy recommendations toward escaping the inequality trap.Less
This chapter reviews the core arguments made in the book and considers some of the implications for the possibility of reversing the trend toward higher inequality. One key point is that any effort to alter economic inequality should tackle both the economic and political side of the coin. Without reducing political inequality alongside economic inequality, reductions in inequality are less likely to happen and be durable. However, since economic and political inequality tend to reinforce each other, progress on either side of the coin could have reinforcing consequences on the other. So undermining economic inequality will tend to reduce political inequality and vice versa. Another key point is that economic inequality is particularly entrenched in contemporary America partly because inequality is so concentrated at the top. It is likely that top-heavy inequality induces economic inequality more than inequality in the middle of the distribution does. A comparison of the Great Depression and the Great Recession bolsters this point. Undermining racism, reducing status quo bias, expanding the political power of middle income groups, and prioritizing economic equality are discussed as policy recommendations toward escaping the inequality trap.
Daniel P. Aldrich
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226638263
- eISBN:
- 9780226638577
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226638577.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
The book concludes in Chapter 7 with concrete policy recommendations for residents, NGOs, and policy makers in Japan and around the world. Drawing on the experiences of residents, cities, ...
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The book concludes in Chapter 7 with concrete policy recommendations for residents, NGOs, and policy makers in Japan and around the world. Drawing on the experiences of residents, cities, prefectures, and the national government, this chapter illustrates how Japan’s experiences can inform and assist other vulnerable communities around the world. Building on the calls of those who have advocated for developing both “disaster culture” and “disaster institutions,” chapter 7 provides residents, NGOs, and governments with specific ways that they can improve resilience using both bottom-up and top-down approaches. Rather than hoping that physical infrastructure will buffer future risks, vulnerable communities can take control of their futures and invest in social infrastructure and programs that deepen social ties and enhance resilience.Less
The book concludes in Chapter 7 with concrete policy recommendations for residents, NGOs, and policy makers in Japan and around the world. Drawing on the experiences of residents, cities, prefectures, and the national government, this chapter illustrates how Japan’s experiences can inform and assist other vulnerable communities around the world. Building on the calls of those who have advocated for developing both “disaster culture” and “disaster institutions,” chapter 7 provides residents, NGOs, and governments with specific ways that they can improve resilience using both bottom-up and top-down approaches. Rather than hoping that physical infrastructure will buffer future risks, vulnerable communities can take control of their futures and invest in social infrastructure and programs that deepen social ties and enhance resilience.
Olav Helge Angell, Marjukka Laiho, Anne Birgitta Pessi, and Siniša Zrinščak
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781447318972
- eISBN:
- 9781447328957
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447318972.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Sociology of Religion
This chapter highlights the need to put research results into practice through policy recommendations. This was a key concept in the WaVE project; it is a multi-layered idea, characterised by at ...
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This chapter highlights the need to put research results into practice through policy recommendations. This was a key concept in the WaVE project; it is a multi-layered idea, characterised by at least four dimensions: people's trust, help and cooperation with each other; people's tolerance towards each other; people's sense of belonging in the social system; and people's manifestation of these values through behaviour. The chapter then presents the idea of a ‘circle of social cohesion’ in welfare where knowing and doing is the relationship between a better understanding of diversity and the transformation of this understanding into crucial skills in everyday practices. However, in order to convert the ideal of cohesion into everyday practice, the ‘circle of social cohesion’ is dependent on political values and financial resources. This is one of the major themes addressed in the WaVE project.Less
This chapter highlights the need to put research results into practice through policy recommendations. This was a key concept in the WaVE project; it is a multi-layered idea, characterised by at least four dimensions: people's trust, help and cooperation with each other; people's tolerance towards each other; people's sense of belonging in the social system; and people's manifestation of these values through behaviour. The chapter then presents the idea of a ‘circle of social cohesion’ in welfare where knowing and doing is the relationship between a better understanding of diversity and the transformation of this understanding into crucial skills in everyday practices. However, in order to convert the ideal of cohesion into everyday practice, the ‘circle of social cohesion’ is dependent on political values and financial resources. This is one of the major themes addressed in the WaVE project.
Katharine Mumford
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861344960
- eISBN:
- 9781447302179
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861344960.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
What impact do poor neighbourhood conditions have on family life? Why does ‘neighbourhood’ matter to low-income families? How important is community spirit to people living in deprived areas? Does ...
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What impact do poor neighbourhood conditions have on family life? Why does ‘neighbourhood’ matter to low-income families? How important is community spirit to people living in deprived areas? Does major regeneration funding improve social conditions? Using an up-to-date account of life in East London, this book illustrates how cities faced with neighbourhoods in decline are changing. It gives a bird's-eye view of neighbourhood problems and assets; provides policy recommendations based on real life experiences; and tackles topical issues such as race relations, mothers and work, urban revival, and social disorder through the eyes of families.Less
What impact do poor neighbourhood conditions have on family life? Why does ‘neighbourhood’ matter to low-income families? How important is community spirit to people living in deprived areas? Does major regeneration funding improve social conditions? Using an up-to-date account of life in East London, this book illustrates how cities faced with neighbourhoods in decline are changing. It gives a bird's-eye view of neighbourhood problems and assets; provides policy recommendations based on real life experiences; and tackles topical issues such as race relations, mothers and work, urban revival, and social disorder through the eyes of families.
Hun Joon Kim
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801452390
- eISBN:
- 9780801470677
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801452390.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Asian Politics
This chapter illustrates the overall impact of the Jeju Commission, which released seven policy recommendations: first, issue an apology; second, declare a memorial day; third, use the report to ...
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This chapter illustrates the overall impact of the Jeju Commission, which released seven policy recommendations: first, issue an apology; second, declare a memorial day; third, use the report to educate students and the general public; fourth, establish a memorial park; fifth, provide essential living expenses to bereaved families; sixth, support excavations of mass graves; and seventh, continuously support further investigation and commemoration projects. Two recent incidents also demonstrate the influence of the commission. The first one occurred in January 2011 when the 16th plenary session of the commission recognized four thousand additional victims and bereaved family members. The second incident occurred in April 2012 during the National Assembly election. Ultimately, the Jeju Commission played an essential role by giving official legitimation to the facts of civilian massacres, which can no longer be dismissed as antigovernment agitation.Less
This chapter illustrates the overall impact of the Jeju Commission, which released seven policy recommendations: first, issue an apology; second, declare a memorial day; third, use the report to educate students and the general public; fourth, establish a memorial park; fifth, provide essential living expenses to bereaved families; sixth, support excavations of mass graves; and seventh, continuously support further investigation and commemoration projects. Two recent incidents also demonstrate the influence of the commission. The first one occurred in January 2011 when the 16th plenary session of the commission recognized four thousand additional victims and bereaved family members. The second incident occurred in April 2012 during the National Assembly election. Ultimately, the Jeju Commission played an essential role by giving official legitimation to the facts of civilian massacres, which can no longer be dismissed as antigovernment agitation.
Hicham Ait Mansour
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847424822
- eISBN:
- 9781447307235
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847424822.003.0020
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility
This chapter presents an analysis of child poverty in Morocco using three different methods for identifying poor children: a monetary approach using the national poverty line methodology; a ...
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This chapter presents an analysis of child poverty in Morocco using three different methods for identifying poor children: a monetary approach using the national poverty line methodology; a deprivation approach based on a child deprivation index; and a combined multidimensional measure, including both monetary and deprivation dimensions. The results are based on secondary data analysis of the 2001 Household Expenditure and Consumption Survey (HECS). The chapter looks at how poverty has been measured in Morocco, presents and discusses analysis of the HECS, and makes policy recommendations for both improving poverty measurement and reducing child poverty in Morocco.Less
This chapter presents an analysis of child poverty in Morocco using three different methods for identifying poor children: a monetary approach using the national poverty line methodology; a deprivation approach based on a child deprivation index; and a combined multidimensional measure, including both monetary and deprivation dimensions. The results are based on secondary data analysis of the 2001 Household Expenditure and Consumption Survey (HECS). The chapter looks at how poverty has been measured in Morocco, presents and discusses analysis of the HECS, and makes policy recommendations for both improving poverty measurement and reducing child poverty in Morocco.
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804762694
- eISBN:
- 9780804772372
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804762694.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, Conflict Politics and Policy
This chapter draws out the larger theoretical and policy implications of the argument. It explains the potential ways to extend the research, such as explicitly modeling third-party intervention and ...
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This chapter draws out the larger theoretical and policy implications of the argument. It explains the potential ways to extend the research, such as explicitly modeling third-party intervention and extending the analysis to civil wars. A coalition shift can assist in overtaking the obstacles to peace and thus allows the war to end. There are six implications of domestic coalition shift theory, ranging from narrow observations about bargaining models of war to broad ramifications about any major policy change. Policy recommendations are classified by obstacles to peace, with final categories concerned with coalitional dynamics and the strategic interaction process. These obstacles include the preference obstacle, information obstacle, and entrapment obstacle. Analysis about coalitional dynamics provides some lessons about coalition-making tactics in the process of ending war.Less
This chapter draws out the larger theoretical and policy implications of the argument. It explains the potential ways to extend the research, such as explicitly modeling third-party intervention and extending the analysis to civil wars. A coalition shift can assist in overtaking the obstacles to peace and thus allows the war to end. There are six implications of domestic coalition shift theory, ranging from narrow observations about bargaining models of war to broad ramifications about any major policy change. Policy recommendations are classified by obstacles to peace, with final categories concerned with coalitional dynamics and the strategic interaction process. These obstacles include the preference obstacle, information obstacle, and entrapment obstacle. Analysis about coalitional dynamics provides some lessons about coalition-making tactics in the process of ending war.
James J. Heckman, John Eric Humphries, and Tim Kautz
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226100098
- eISBN:
- 9780226100128
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226100128.003.0010
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare
This chapter briefly reviews the two lessons from this book. For most, GED certification provides little or no economic benefit. Achievement tests do not measure character skills, which are crucial ...
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This chapter briefly reviews the two lessons from this book. For most, GED certification provides little or no economic benefit. Achievement tests do not measure character skills, which are crucial for a successful life. The chapter concludes with policy recommendations for the GED Testing Program and on fostering character in education.Less
This chapter briefly reviews the two lessons from this book. For most, GED certification provides little or no economic benefit. Achievement tests do not measure character skills, which are crucial for a successful life. The chapter concludes with policy recommendations for the GED Testing Program and on fostering character in education.
Prudence L. Carter and Kevin G. Welner
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199982981
- eISBN:
- 9780199346219
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199982981.003.0016
- Subject:
- Sociology, Education
Carter and Welner bring together the evidence compiled by the book’s authors, describing a wide and deep opportunity gap arising from the accumulated impact of many factors: segregation in housing in ...
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Carter and Welner bring together the evidence compiled by the book’s authors, describing a wide and deep opportunity gap arising from the accumulated impact of many factors: segregation in housing in schooling; differences in resources between poor and wealthier children; differences in access to high-quality preschool; between-school differences in teacher training, teacher experience, and teacher quality, as well as in other resources, such as technology, safe buildings with heating and air conditioning, textbooks, working bathrooms, and class size; differences in the provision of engaging, deep, project-based learning versus instruction focused on raising testscores; stratified school opportunities arising from school choice policies; the widespread provision of culturally unresponsive curriculum and instruction; and the failure to value and build on the strengths of language minority children. The authors offer a summary of policy recommendations that their volume collaborators and they argue would help the United States create a fair and equitable system for its millions of school-aged youth.Less
Carter and Welner bring together the evidence compiled by the book’s authors, describing a wide and deep opportunity gap arising from the accumulated impact of many factors: segregation in housing in schooling; differences in resources between poor and wealthier children; differences in access to high-quality preschool; between-school differences in teacher training, teacher experience, and teacher quality, as well as in other resources, such as technology, safe buildings with heating and air conditioning, textbooks, working bathrooms, and class size; differences in the provision of engaging, deep, project-based learning versus instruction focused on raising testscores; stratified school opportunities arising from school choice policies; the widespread provision of culturally unresponsive curriculum and instruction; and the failure to value and build on the strengths of language minority children. The authors offer a summary of policy recommendations that their volume collaborators and they argue would help the United States create a fair and equitable system for its millions of school-aged youth.
Tess Ridge
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861343628
- eISBN:
- 9781447301745
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861343628.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Comparative and Historical Sociology
This chapter studies the insights provided by the children throughout the study presented in this book. It explores how incorporating the perspectives of children and young people from low-income and ...
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This chapter studies the insights provided by the children throughout the study presented in this book. It explores how incorporating the perspectives of children and young people from low-income and disadvantaged families into policy and practice can lead to a greater understanding of childhood poverty and social exclusion. The chapter shows the things one can learn from listening to children, and stresses the importance of mediating factors in understanding the experiences of children. Policy recommendations and key issues that arose from the study are also addressed.Less
This chapter studies the insights provided by the children throughout the study presented in this book. It explores how incorporating the perspectives of children and young people from low-income and disadvantaged families into policy and practice can lead to a greater understanding of childhood poverty and social exclusion. The chapter shows the things one can learn from listening to children, and stresses the importance of mediating factors in understanding the experiences of children. Policy recommendations and key issues that arose from the study are also addressed.
Emily Jones
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198841999
- eISBN:
- 9780191878046
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198841999.003.0015
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
This chapter distils key findings from the case studies, highlights areas for further research, and makes a series of policy recommendations. Overall the case studies provide compelling evidence of ...
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This chapter distils key findings from the case studies, highlights areas for further research, and makes a series of policy recommendations. Overall the case studies provide compelling evidence of the powerful reputational, competitive, and functional incentives generated by financial globalization that lead regulators to adopt international standards. They also show that some domestic political economy dynamics generate incentives to diverge from international standards, particularly interventionist financial policies, political lending, and regulators sceptical about the appropriateness of international standards for their local context. Our findings speak to wider debates in the literature, including over the agency of actors from peripheral developing countries in the global economy; the importance of policy ideas such as the role of the financial sector, in economic development; and the inner workings of bureaucracies in developing countries. We highlight areas for future research and make policy recommendations on how to reform international standards to better reflect the interests of peripheral developing countries.Less
This chapter distils key findings from the case studies, highlights areas for further research, and makes a series of policy recommendations. Overall the case studies provide compelling evidence of the powerful reputational, competitive, and functional incentives generated by financial globalization that lead regulators to adopt international standards. They also show that some domestic political economy dynamics generate incentives to diverge from international standards, particularly interventionist financial policies, political lending, and regulators sceptical about the appropriateness of international standards for their local context. Our findings speak to wider debates in the literature, including over the agency of actors from peripheral developing countries in the global economy; the importance of policy ideas such as the role of the financial sector, in economic development; and the inner workings of bureaucracies in developing countries. We highlight areas for future research and make policy recommendations on how to reform international standards to better reflect the interests of peripheral developing countries.
James Harrison
Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199282623
- eISBN:
- 9780191700224
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199282623.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
The 1994 agreement establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO) regulates over 95% of world trade amongst 148 member countries. The November 2001 Declaration of the Fourth Ministerial Conference ...
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The 1994 agreement establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO) regulates over 95% of world trade amongst 148 member countries. The November 2001 Declaration of the Fourth Ministerial Conference of the WTO in Doha, Quatar, launched the Doha Development Round of multilateral trade negotiations in the WTO on twenty-one topics aimed at far-reaching reforms of the world trading system. On August 1st 2004, the WTO General Council reached agreement on a detailed Doha Work program. This volume provides discussion and policy recommendations by leading WTO negotiators and policy-makers, and analysis by leading economists, political scientists, and trade lawyers on the major subjects of the Doha Round negotiations. Over thirty contributors explore the complexity of the world trading system and of the WTO negotiations for its reform from diverse political, economic, and legal perspectives.Less
The 1994 agreement establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO) regulates over 95% of world trade amongst 148 member countries. The November 2001 Declaration of the Fourth Ministerial Conference of the WTO in Doha, Quatar, launched the Doha Development Round of multilateral trade negotiations in the WTO on twenty-one topics aimed at far-reaching reforms of the world trading system. On August 1st 2004, the WTO General Council reached agreement on a detailed Doha Work program. This volume provides discussion and policy recommendations by leading WTO negotiators and policy-makers, and analysis by leading economists, political scientists, and trade lawyers on the major subjects of the Doha Round negotiations. Over thirty contributors explore the complexity of the world trading system and of the WTO negotiations for its reform from diverse political, economic, and legal perspectives.
Howard Glennerster
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861342997
- eISBN:
- 9781447304203
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861342997.003.0016
- Subject:
- Sociology, Health, Illness, and Medicine
This chapter observes that the lecture on rapid change shows that Titmuss is advanced in his thinking on environmental issues and anticipated the global implications of human pollution. It notes that ...
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This chapter observes that the lecture on rapid change shows that Titmuss is advanced in his thinking on environmental issues and anticipated the global implications of human pollution. It notes that just as in the 19th century the threat of epidemics forced the Victorians to see that public health is a public good that required public collective action, so world environmental threats might force us to understand the need for global collective action and lead us to recognise the limitations of free markets and selfish private actions. It further notes that international experience forms an important element in Titmuss's policy analysis and policy recommendations. It also forms part of the analytical approach to understand one's own institutions better if they can be compared with other countries.Less
This chapter observes that the lecture on rapid change shows that Titmuss is advanced in his thinking on environmental issues and anticipated the global implications of human pollution. It notes that just as in the 19th century the threat of epidemics forced the Victorians to see that public health is a public good that required public collective action, so world environmental threats might force us to understand the need for global collective action and lead us to recognise the limitations of free markets and selfish private actions. It further notes that international experience forms an important element in Titmuss's policy analysis and policy recommendations. It also forms part of the analytical approach to understand one's own institutions better if they can be compared with other countries.
