Andrew Jordan and Adriaan Schout
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199286959
- eISBN:
- 9780191713279
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199286959.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This chapter aims to explore the role — both real and potential — of one particular family of coordinating devices that have come to be known as ‘new’ modes of governing. In particular, it addresses ...
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This chapter aims to explore the role — both real and potential — of one particular family of coordinating devices that have come to be known as ‘new’ modes of governing. In particular, it addresses what is needed to ensure these new modes function effectively at national and at European levels. It analyses the terms coordination and governance, then shows why the coordination of a cross-sectoral, boundary spanning challenge like environmental protection is especially difficult to achieve in a complex multi-levelled governance system such as the EU. The three most widely known and intensively studied modes of coordination are described: hierarchy, markets, and networks, and are related to the steps taken by the EU to achieve greater environmental coordination at EU level.Less
This chapter aims to explore the role — both real and potential — of one particular family of coordinating devices that have come to be known as ‘new’ modes of governing. In particular, it addresses what is needed to ensure these new modes function effectively at national and at European levels. It analyses the terms coordination and governance, then shows why the coordination of a cross-sectoral, boundary spanning challenge like environmental protection is especially difficult to achieve in a complex multi-levelled governance system such as the EU. The three most widely known and intensively studied modes of coordination are described: hierarchy, markets, and networks, and are related to the steps taken by the EU to achieve greater environmental coordination at EU level.
Andrew Jordan and Adriaan Schout
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199286959
- eISBN:
- 9780191713279
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199286959.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
As the traditional mode of coordinating — essentially issuing regulation — no longer commands sufficient political support, the EU has turned to what are increasingly termed soft or ‘new’ modes of ...
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As the traditional mode of coordinating — essentially issuing regulation — no longer commands sufficient political support, the EU has turned to what are increasingly termed soft or ‘new’ modes of governance, which rely upon different actors working together in relatively non-hierarchical networks. New modes of governance are in vogue because they appear to provide the EU with a new way to add value to national level activities without the slow process of agreeing new legislation or the cost associated with building new administrative capacities in Brussels. This analysis provides the first book-length account of the effectiveness of network-based modes at addressing problems that simultaneously demand greater horizontal and vertical coordination. Taking as an example the thirty-year struggle to build environmental thinking into all areas and levels of EU policy making, it systematically explores the steps that two major EU institutions (the European Commission and the European Parliament), and three member states (Germany, the Netherlands, and the UK) have (not) taken to build effective networked governance. By blending state of the art theories with new empirical findings, it offers a stark reminder that networked governance is not and has never been a panacea. Coordinating networks do not spontaneously ‘self organize’ in the EU; they have to be carefully designed as part of a repertoire of different coordinating instruments. The book concludes that the EU urgently needs to devote more of its time to the more mundane but important task of auditing and managing networks, which, paradoxically, is an exercise in hierarchy. In so doing, this book helps to strip away some of the rhetorical claims made about the novelty and appeal of new modes, to reveal a much more sober and realistic appraisal of their coordinating potential.Less
As the traditional mode of coordinating — essentially issuing regulation — no longer commands sufficient political support, the EU has turned to what are increasingly termed soft or ‘new’ modes of governance, which rely upon different actors working together in relatively non-hierarchical networks. New modes of governance are in vogue because they appear to provide the EU with a new way to add value to national level activities without the slow process of agreeing new legislation or the cost associated with building new administrative capacities in Brussels. This analysis provides the first book-length account of the effectiveness of network-based modes at addressing problems that simultaneously demand greater horizontal and vertical coordination. Taking as an example the thirty-year struggle to build environmental thinking into all areas and levels of EU policy making, it systematically explores the steps that two major EU institutions (the European Commission and the European Parliament), and three member states (Germany, the Netherlands, and the UK) have (not) taken to build effective networked governance. By blending state of the art theories with new empirical findings, it offers a stark reminder that networked governance is not and has never been a panacea. Coordinating networks do not spontaneously ‘self organize’ in the EU; they have to be carefully designed as part of a repertoire of different coordinating instruments. The book concludes that the EU urgently needs to devote more of its time to the more mundane but important task of auditing and managing networks, which, paradoxically, is an exercise in hierarchy. In so doing, this book helps to strip away some of the rhetorical claims made about the novelty and appeal of new modes, to reveal a much more sober and realistic appraisal of their coordinating potential.
Andrew Jordan and Adriaan Schout
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199286959
- eISBN:
- 9780191713279
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199286959.003.0011
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This chapter returns to the three questions posed in Chapter 1. Section 2 assesses the extent to which the coordination tasks identified in Chapter 1 are satisfactorily performed. Section 3 examines ...
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This chapter returns to the three questions posed in Chapter 1. Section 2 assesses the extent to which the coordination tasks identified in Chapter 1 are satisfactorily performed. Section 3 examines thecapacities at network leveland assess their fitness for purpose. Section 4 reviews thecapacities of the actorswithin the network or networks. Section 5 responds to recent calls for solid ‘normative propositions’ about how EU policy networks should be structured to serve the European good. After all, as interest in complementary modes of governing grows, the EU should be more aware of what networks can — and, perhaps, just as importantly, cannot — offer by way of delivering policy objectives. The concluding section (6) returns to consider some of the broader governance-related themes raised towards the end of Chapter 1.Less
This chapter returns to the three questions posed in Chapter 1. Section 2 assesses the extent to which the coordination tasks identified in Chapter 1 are satisfactorily performed. Section 3 examines thecapacities at network leveland assess their fitness for purpose. Section 4 reviews thecapacities of the actorswithin the network or networks. Section 5 responds to recent calls for solid ‘normative propositions’ about how EU policy networks should be structured to serve the European good. After all, as interest in complementary modes of governing grows, the EU should be more aware of what networks can — and, perhaps, just as importantly, cannot — offer by way of delivering policy objectives. The concluding section (6) returns to consider some of the broader governance-related themes raised towards the end of Chapter 1.
Andrew Jordan and Adriaan Schout
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199286959
- eISBN:
- 9780191713279
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199286959.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This chapter offers a more detailed theoretical explanation of the tools employed to assess the coordination capacities at network and actor level. The different sections link the two major ...
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This chapter offers a more detailed theoretical explanation of the tools employed to assess the coordination capacities at network and actor level. The different sections link the two major theoretical concepts (networks and governance), provide different views on the management of networks, present a scale covering the different meanings of coordination, and describe how this will be used to assess coordination during the different phases of EU policy making.Less
This chapter offers a more detailed theoretical explanation of the tools employed to assess the coordination capacities at network and actor level. The different sections link the two major theoretical concepts (networks and governance), provide different views on the management of networks, present a scale covering the different meanings of coordination, and describe how this will be used to assess coordination during the different phases of EU policy making.
John Peterson and Laurence J. O'Toole
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199245000
- eISBN:
- 9780191599996
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199245002.003.0012
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
The authors start by pointing out that as institutional forms for the governance of polities on a massive scale in the USA and the EU, networks face serious and potentially disabling challenges in ...
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The authors start by pointing out that as institutional forms for the governance of polities on a massive scale in the USA and the EU, networks face serious and potentially disabling challenges in terms of legitimacy. Network forms of governance tend to advantage experts or sophisticated actors who are familiar with all levels of government in federal systems, as opposed to ordinary citizens. To ignore the normative questions about input legitimacy to which network governance gives rise to risks weakening the democratic foundations of the federalist contracts that bind together levels of governance, public, quasi‐public, and private actors, and states and citizens in Europe and America. The argument is presented in four sections: first, an explanation is given of why network forms of governance have proliferated and the legitimacy issues that arise are considered, yielding a set of assessment criteria to be applied in framing analyses of legitimacy in different, real‐world political systems; second, an examination is made of networks in the EU; third, an assessment is offered of network structures in American governance; last, network structures in the two polities are compared and contrasted, highlighting both critical issues and network features with implications for legitimacy, as well as ways in which the democratic deficit that plagues network forms of governance might be closed.Less
The authors start by pointing out that as institutional forms for the governance of polities on a massive scale in the USA and the EU, networks face serious and potentially disabling challenges in terms of legitimacy. Network forms of governance tend to advantage experts or sophisticated actors who are familiar with all levels of government in federal systems, as opposed to ordinary citizens. To ignore the normative questions about input legitimacy to which network governance gives rise to risks weakening the democratic foundations of the federalist contracts that bind together levels of governance, public, quasi‐public, and private actors, and states and citizens in Europe and America. The argument is presented in four sections: first, an explanation is given of why network forms of governance have proliferated and the legitimacy issues that arise are considered, yielding a set of assessment criteria to be applied in framing analyses of legitimacy in different, real‐world political systems; second, an examination is made of networks in the EU; third, an assessment is offered of network structures in American governance; last, network structures in the two polities are compared and contrasted, highlighting both critical issues and network features with implications for legitimacy, as well as ways in which the democratic deficit that plagues network forms of governance might be closed.
Desmond King
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198296294
- eISBN:
- 9780191599668
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198296290.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
King presents a historical account of the rise of expert influence on public policy and offers an explanation of how governments adopt illiberal social policies shaped by these expert ideas. He ...
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King presents a historical account of the rise of expert influence on public policy and offers an explanation of how governments adopt illiberal social policies shaped by these expert ideas. He maintains that liberal democracy necessarily creates the need for expertise as a basis for social policy since first, it permits freedom of ideas and competition amongst them; second, it politically requires government intervention to establish equality of opportunity by rectifying sources of inequality or by expanding choice. King draws examples from his case studies focusing on what he views as the increasing professionalization of social science research in think tanks, research institutes, foundations, and universities. More broadly, King highlights the role of ideas in public policy, thus downplaying the relative importance of institutional arrangements or ‘policy networks’ as determining features of public policy‐making.Less
King presents a historical account of the rise of expert influence on public policy and offers an explanation of how governments adopt illiberal social policies shaped by these expert ideas. He maintains that liberal democracy necessarily creates the need for expertise as a basis for social policy since first, it permits freedom of ideas and competition amongst them; second, it politically requires government intervention to establish equality of opportunity by rectifying sources of inequality or by expanding choice. King draws examples from his case studies focusing on what he views as the increasing professionalization of social science research in think tanks, research institutes, foundations, and universities. More broadly, King highlights the role of ideas in public policy, thus downplaying the relative importance of institutional arrangements or ‘policy networks’ as determining features of public policy‐making.
David Marsh and R. A. W. Rhodes (eds)
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198278528
- eISBN:
- 9780191684210
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198278528.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
Policy is not made in the electoral arena or in the gladiatorial confrontations of Parliament, but in the netherworld of committees, civil servants, professions, and interest groups. This collection ...
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Policy is not made in the electoral arena or in the gladiatorial confrontations of Parliament, but in the netherworld of committees, civil servants, professions, and interest groups. This collection explores the private world of public policy. It provides a survey of the literature on the concept of policy networks and demonstrates its importance for understanding specific policy areas. The case studies cover policy-making in agriculture, civil nuclear power, youth employment, smoking, heart disease, sea defences, information technology, and exchange rate policy. Finally the book attempts an overall assessment of the utility of the concept, focusing on such questions as why networks change, which interests dominate and benefit from networks, and the consequences of the present system for representative democracy.Less
Policy is not made in the electoral arena or in the gladiatorial confrontations of Parliament, but in the netherworld of committees, civil servants, professions, and interest groups. This collection explores the private world of public policy. It provides a survey of the literature on the concept of policy networks and demonstrates its importance for understanding specific policy areas. The case studies cover policy-making in agriculture, civil nuclear power, youth employment, smoking, heart disease, sea defences, information technology, and exchange rate policy. Finally the book attempts an overall assessment of the utility of the concept, focusing on such questions as why networks change, which interests dominate and benefit from networks, and the consequences of the present system for representative democracy.
Hubert Heinelt, Tanja Kopp‐Malek, Jochen Lang, and Bernd Reissert
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199252268
- eISBN:
- 9780191601040
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199252262.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
Over the last decades, the European structural funds have undergone a series of wide-ranging reforms. The history of the funds, thus, does not confirm the ‘joint decision trap’ hypothesis that is ...
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Over the last decades, the European structural funds have undergone a series of wide-ranging reforms. The history of the funds, thus, does not confirm the ‘joint decision trap’ hypothesis that is often associated with policy-making in the EU multi-level system. Instead, the reforms of the structural funds can be evaluated as a success story, which calls for explanation. In contrast to some of the previous literature, empirical evidence and theoretical reasoning presented in chapter 7 show that it is difficult for the capacity for reform to be related to the existence of a closely-knit network of relevant actors in a single policy community. It is rather the ‘loose coupling’ of elements in a fragmented decision-making structure that keeps the system manageable and explains continuous reform.Less
Over the last decades, the European structural funds have undergone a series of wide-ranging reforms. The history of the funds, thus, does not confirm the ‘joint decision trap’ hypothesis that is often associated with policy-making in the EU multi-level system. Instead, the reforms of the structural funds can be evaluated as a success story, which calls for explanation. In contrast to some of the previous literature, empirical evidence and theoretical reasoning presented in chapter 7 show that it is difficult for the capacity for reform to be related to the existence of a closely-knit network of relevant actors in a single policy community. It is rather the ‘loose coupling’ of elements in a fragmented decision-making structure that keeps the system manageable and explains continuous reform.
Rhodes Bevir
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199580750
- eISBN:
- 9780191723179
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199580750.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, Political Theory
This chapter takes the concepts explained in Chapter 4 and applies them to present-day approaches to the changing state. Such changes are typically described as a shift to governance. First-wave ...
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This chapter takes the concepts explained in Chapter 4 and applies them to present-day approaches to the changing state. Such changes are typically described as a shift to governance. First-wave studies of governance typically describe changes in the state and its links to civil society as akin to a differentiated polity. This polity was characterized by a hollowed-out state, a core executive fumbling to pull rubber levers of control, and, most notably, a massive spread of policy networks. Second-wave studies of governance herald a return to the state with the idea of metagovernance. The chapter pronounces the death of both narratives, because there is no single account or theory of contemporary governance, only the differing constructions of several traditions. Therefore, the chapter identifies a third wave of governance that focuses on the stateless state. The state arises out of the diverse actions and practices inspired by varied beliefs and traditions. The state, or pattern of rule, is the contingent product of diverse actions and political struggles informed by the beliefs of agents rooted in traditions. We identify new research topics suggested by our decentred analysis under the headings of the ‘3Rs’ of rule, rationalities, and resistance.Less
This chapter takes the concepts explained in Chapter 4 and applies them to present-day approaches to the changing state. Such changes are typically described as a shift to governance. First-wave studies of governance typically describe changes in the state and its links to civil society as akin to a differentiated polity. This polity was characterized by a hollowed-out state, a core executive fumbling to pull rubber levers of control, and, most notably, a massive spread of policy networks. Second-wave studies of governance herald a return to the state with the idea of metagovernance. The chapter pronounces the death of both narratives, because there is no single account or theory of contemporary governance, only the differing constructions of several traditions. Therefore, the chapter identifies a third wave of governance that focuses on the stateless state. The state arises out of the diverse actions and practices inspired by varied beliefs and traditions. The state, or pattern of rule, is the contingent product of diverse actions and political struggles informed by the beliefs of agents rooted in traditions. We identify new research topics suggested by our decentred analysis under the headings of the ‘3Rs’ of rule, rationalities, and resistance.
David Marsh and R. A. W. Rhodes
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198278528
- eISBN:
- 9780191684210
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198278528.003.0011
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
This chapter summarizes the findings of the several case studies and identifies the research which still needs to be done. It aims to develop a more adequate typology of policy networks in the light ...
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This chapter summarizes the findings of the several case studies and identifies the research which still needs to be done. It aims to develop a more adequate typology of policy networks in the light of the preceding analyses. It also treats policy communities and issue networks as types of relationships between interest groups and government as meso-level concepts.Less
This chapter summarizes the findings of the several case studies and identifies the research which still needs to be done. It aims to develop a more adequate typology of policy networks in the light of the preceding analyses. It also treats policy communities and issue networks as types of relationships between interest groups and government as meso-level concepts.
Grahame F. Thompson
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198775270
- eISBN:
- 9780191710513
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198775270.003.0006
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies
This chapter investigates the political manifestations of networks, particularly as they pertain to the governance of organisational and economic matters. The idea of ‘policy networks’ is examined ...
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This chapter investigates the political manifestations of networks, particularly as they pertain to the governance of organisational and economic matters. The idea of ‘policy networks’ is examined and how they operate. Specifically, the chapter explores how the internal structure of decision-making is organised, much of which has a resonance outside of policy networks proper to address how networks more widely might operate. The chapter also lays out the principles and trends associated with the issue of how to place networks in a wider context of other socio-organisational mechanisms of management and regulation. Finally, the chapter opens up on the issues of power in political networks, something that pervades these forms of organisational entity just as it does hierarchies and markets. Networks of political power and authority are discussed, along with policy networks and the formation of public policy, multi-level governance, network forms of governance and game theory, and social capital.Less
This chapter investigates the political manifestations of networks, particularly as they pertain to the governance of organisational and economic matters. The idea of ‘policy networks’ is examined and how they operate. Specifically, the chapter explores how the internal structure of decision-making is organised, much of which has a resonance outside of policy networks proper to address how networks more widely might operate. The chapter also lays out the principles and trends associated with the issue of how to place networks in a wider context of other socio-organisational mechanisms of management and regulation. Finally, the chapter opens up on the issues of power in political networks, something that pervades these forms of organisational entity just as it does hierarchies and markets. Networks of political power and authority are discussed, along with policy networks and the formation of public policy, multi-level governance, network forms of governance and game theory, and social capital.
R. A. W. Rhodes and David Marsh
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198278528
- eISBN:
- 9780191684210
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198278528.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
This chapter describes the relationship between the approach of policy networks and pluralist and corporatist models of government-interest group relations. It discusses the development of the ...
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This chapter describes the relationship between the approach of policy networks and pluralist and corporatist models of government-interest group relations. It discusses the development of the concept of policy networks, paying particular attention on British literature on policy networks as applied to the study of intergovernmental relations. The chapter also explores the strengths and weaknesses of two distinctly British approaches in order to identify the themes and issues which are explored in the case studies.Less
This chapter describes the relationship between the approach of policy networks and pluralist and corporatist models of government-interest group relations. It discusses the development of the concept of policy networks, paying particular attention on British literature on policy networks as applied to the study of intergovernmental relations. The chapter also explores the strengths and weaknesses of two distinctly British approaches in order to identify the themes and issues which are explored in the case studies.
Giacinto della Cananea
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199248056
- eISBN:
- 9780191601545
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199248052.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
The Italian permanent representation at Brussels has received very little academic or political attention, and there has been no explicit debate as to how this body should be shaped. Even when the ...
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The Italian permanent representation at Brussels has received very little academic or political attention, and there has been no explicit debate as to how this body should be shaped. Even when the central government decided that it should control all aspects of the formulation of EC policies though delegating to regions their implementation in a number of cases, the permanent representation was not even mentioned in the legislation. It is argued that this neglect is problematic for several reasons, which are discussed. An explanation is advanced for this neglect in terms of the high politics of Italian membership of the European Community. The chapter is organized in five sections: first, a brief examination is made of the broader problem determined by the lack of a central authority to co-ordinate of EU policies in Italy; second and third, the functions and powers of the permanent representation, and its organization and internal functioning are considered; fourth, the division of labour between the central authorities (the Italian government) and the permanent representation is examined; finally, other policy networks that influence Italian European policies are discussed.Less
The Italian permanent representation at Brussels has received very little academic or political attention, and there has been no explicit debate as to how this body should be shaped. Even when the central government decided that it should control all aspects of the formulation of EC policies though delegating to regions their implementation in a number of cases, the permanent representation was not even mentioned in the legislation. It is argued that this neglect is problematic for several reasons, which are discussed. An explanation is advanced for this neglect in terms of the high politics of Italian membership of the European Community. The chapter is organized in five sections: first, a brief examination is made of the broader problem determined by the lack of a central authority to co-ordinate of EU policies in Italy; second and third, the functions and powers of the permanent representation, and its organization and internal functioning are considered; fourth, the division of labour between the central authorities (the Italian government) and the permanent representation is examined; finally, other policy networks that influence Italian European policies are discussed.
David Marsh
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198278528
- eISBN:
- 9780191684210
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198278528.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
This chapter examines the development of youth employment policy between 1970 and 1990. There is some evidence that a stable policy community has existed in this area. A single agency, the Manpower ...
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This chapter examines the development of youth employment policy between 1970 and 1990. There is some evidence that a stable policy community has existed in this area. A single agency, the Manpower Services Commission (MSC) has focused on policy making and has played a role in the evolution and implementation of policies to reduced youth unemployment. This chapter argues that a stable policy community has not existed in this area; rather, there has been a changing policy network. The chapter describes five phases in the development of youth employment policy and identifies the changes which have occurred in the policy network over time.Less
This chapter examines the development of youth employment policy between 1970 and 1990. There is some evidence that a stable policy community has existed in this area. A single agency, the Manpower Services Commission (MSC) has focused on policy making and has played a role in the evolution and implementation of policies to reduced youth unemployment. This chapter argues that a stable policy community has not existed in this area; rather, there has been a changing policy network. The chapter describes five phases in the development of youth employment policy and identifies the changes which have occurred in the policy network over time.
Rob Stones
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198278528
- eISBN:
- 9780191684210
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198278528.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
This chapter deals with the non-devaluation policy of pound sterling by the Labour Government which ruled between 1964 and 1967. The non-devaluation of the pound is typically presented as a key to ...
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This chapter deals with the non-devaluation policy of pound sterling by the Labour Government which ruled between 1964 and 1967. The non-devaluation of the pound is typically presented as a key to the understanding of the failure of the Wilson Government's plan for economic growth and why many of the promises of advances in social justice were not kept. The chapter also illustrates the ability of the policy networks approach to enhance our understanding of a domestic political decision which had a crucial international dimension. With regards to the policy of the non-devaluation of the pound sterling, the policy networks approach is useful in its emphasis on the disaggregation of the policy field into its various component parts.Less
This chapter deals with the non-devaluation policy of pound sterling by the Labour Government which ruled between 1964 and 1967. The non-devaluation of the pound is typically presented as a key to the understanding of the failure of the Wilson Government's plan for economic growth and why many of the promises of advances in social justice were not kept. The chapter also illustrates the ability of the policy networks approach to enhance our understanding of a domestic political decision which had a crucial international dimension. With regards to the policy of the non-devaluation of the pound sterling, the policy networks approach is useful in its emphasis on the disaggregation of the policy field into its various component parts.
Evelyne de Leeuw, Michael Keizer, and Marjan Hoeijmakers
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199658039
- eISBN:
- 9780191765780
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199658039.003.0008
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
We will draw on research that has used Kingdon’s Multiple Streams theory of policy-making in analysing local health policy development. We find that the theory insufficiently recognises network ...
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We will draw on research that has used Kingdon’s Multiple Streams theory of policy-making in analysing local health policy development. We find that the theory insufficiently recognises network characteristics within each of the three streams. For policy entrepreneurs to identify and open windows of opportunity for policy change it will be helpful to have the ability to visualise, over time and space, network configurations in each of the streams. Trials of a dummy network visualisation application have furthermore shown that network visualisations may assist health stakeholders to reaffirm, reconsider or strengthen their positions in the network. Both developments would strengthen the integrity and comprehensiveness of policies for health.Less
We will draw on research that has used Kingdon’s Multiple Streams theory of policy-making in analysing local health policy development. We find that the theory insufficiently recognises network characteristics within each of the three streams. For policy entrepreneurs to identify and open windows of opportunity for policy change it will be helpful to have the ability to visualise, over time and space, network configurations in each of the streams. Trials of a dummy network visualisation application have furthermore shown that network visualisations may assist health stakeholders to reaffirm, reconsider or strengthen their positions in the network. Both developments would strengthen the integrity and comprehensiveness of policies for health.
Colin Thain and Maurice Wright
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198277842
- eISBN:
- 9780191684203
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198277842.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics, Political Economy
The Treasury and the spending departments have a dynamic relationship and this is explored in this chapter as it looks into the concepts of policy community and policy network that can be used to ...
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The Treasury and the spending departments have a dynamic relationship and this is explored in this chapter as it looks into the concepts of policy community and policy network that can be used to identify and characterize the principal players and their roles, and to explain the behavioural and policy ‘rules of the game’ regulating the relationships of spending departments and Treasury. Exchange of information is crucial and the communication channels to which decisions between officials are conveyed are examined. This is important especially in determining the robustness of a department's financial management and the reliability and quality of people running the organization. Credibility is established through information delivered in a two-way process in which Expenditure Controllers must be able to bring what is promised on a proposal and equally the Finance Division or Policy Division must also be reliable.Less
The Treasury and the spending departments have a dynamic relationship and this is explored in this chapter as it looks into the concepts of policy community and policy network that can be used to identify and characterize the principal players and their roles, and to explain the behavioural and policy ‘rules of the game’ regulating the relationships of spending departments and Treasury. Exchange of information is crucial and the communication channels to which decisions between officials are conveyed are examined. This is important especially in determining the robustness of a department's financial management and the reliability and quality of people running the organization. Credibility is established through information delivered in a two-way process in which Expenditure Controllers must be able to bring what is promised on a proposal and equally the Finance Division or Policy Division must also be reliable.
Melvyn D. Read
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198278528
- eISBN:
- 9780191684210
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198278528.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
This chapter presents an analysis of the politics of smoking. It suggests that there is strong evidence that policy in this field is made within a producer-dominated policy community. It also ...
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This chapter presents an analysis of the politics of smoking. It suggests that there is strong evidence that policy in this field is made within a producer-dominated policy community. It also examines the relationship between the tobacco industry and government. First, it seeks to determine whether a policy community exists in the field. It then explores the distinction between the closeness of relationships in a network and dominance within that network. Finally, it identifies those factors which have brought about change in the policy network.Less
This chapter presents an analysis of the politics of smoking. It suggests that there is strong evidence that policy in this field is made within a producer-dominated policy community. It also examines the relationship between the tobacco industry and government. First, it seeks to determine whether a policy community exists in the field. It then explores the distinction between the closeness of relationships in a network and dominance within that network. Finally, it identifies those factors which have brought about change in the policy network.
Tim Lang, David Barling, and Martin Caraher
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198567882
- eISBN:
- 9780191724121
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198567882.003.0003
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter draws on academic studies of the public policy process to identify some key concepts that have been deployed to aid understanding of the making and implementation of public policy, and ...
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This chapter draws on academic studies of the public policy process to identify some key concepts that have been deployed to aid understanding of the making and implementation of public policy, and the factors that might contribute to its final form and features. The key concepts that are introduced to this modern conception of food policy are the notions of power relationships, historical institutionalism, governance, governmentality, policy networks and multi-level governance. The nature of the contemporary governance of food in relation to, and under, the “rule” of public policy is then examined and explained.Less
This chapter draws on academic studies of the public policy process to identify some key concepts that have been deployed to aid understanding of the making and implementation of public policy, and the factors that might contribute to its final form and features. The key concepts that are introduced to this modern conception of food policy are the notions of power relationships, historical institutionalism, governance, governmentality, policy networks and multi-level governance. The nature of the contemporary governance of food in relation to, and under, the “rule” of public policy is then examined and explained.
Matt Grossmann
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199967834
- eISBN:
- 9780199370726
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199967834.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
The chapter argues that the longstanding effort to categorize policy areas based on their types of politics is unhelpful. The most important factors in the policy process are broadly consistent ...
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The chapter argues that the longstanding effort to categorize policy areas based on their types of politics is unhelpful. The most important factors in the policy process are broadly consistent across issue areas, but each area is somewhat distinct in the venues where policies are enacted, the frequency and type of policy development, the relative importance of different circumstantial factors in policy change, the composition of participants in policymaking, and the structure of governing networks. The differences cannot be summarized by existing typologies because they are not reducible to a few dimensions or categories. The politics of each issue area stand out in a few important but unrelated aspects: issue area differences are best viewed as exceptions to general patterns. These differences do not add up to distinct policymaking types.Less
The chapter argues that the longstanding effort to categorize policy areas based on their types of politics is unhelpful. The most important factors in the policy process are broadly consistent across issue areas, but each area is somewhat distinct in the venues where policies are enacted, the frequency and type of policy development, the relative importance of different circumstantial factors in policy change, the composition of participants in policymaking, and the structure of governing networks. The differences cannot be summarized by existing typologies because they are not reducible to a few dimensions or categories. The politics of each issue area stand out in a few important but unrelated aspects: issue area differences are best viewed as exceptions to general patterns. These differences do not add up to distinct policymaking types.
