Kaushik Basu
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195305197
- eISBN:
- 9780199783519
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195305191.003.0017
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This essay attempts to show that seemingly reasonable policy interventions can easily backfire in the area of child labor. Thus, policy interventions cannot be left at the level of broad-brush ...
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This essay attempts to show that seemingly reasonable policy interventions can easily backfire in the area of child labor. Thus, policy interventions cannot be left at the level of broad-brush statements but need to be crafted carefully. The general possibility of pathological reactions to policy interventions will be discussed, and one particular pathology will be spelled out in some detail because this is a problem that seems not to have been discussed in the literature, and also because it provides a generic illustration of the hazard of using standard instruments for curbing child labor.Less
This essay attempts to show that seemingly reasonable policy interventions can easily backfire in the area of child labor. Thus, policy interventions cannot be left at the level of broad-brush statements but need to be crafted carefully. The general possibility of pathological reactions to policy interventions will be discussed, and one particular pathology will be spelled out in some detail because this is a problem that seems not to have been discussed in the literature, and also because it provides a generic illustration of the hazard of using standard instruments for curbing child labor.
Dianne S. Ward, Amy V. Ries, and Rachel Tabak
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199572915
- eISBN:
- 9780191595110
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199572915.003.0028
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter presents environmental and policy interventions which have demonstrated an impact on a measure of body weight or been successful in improving eating or physical activity behaviours among ...
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This chapter presents environmental and policy interventions which have demonstrated an impact on a measure of body weight or been successful in improving eating or physical activity behaviours among children aged 2 to 18. It presents the types of macro- and micro-environmental and policy interventions that have been conducted, what areas seem promising, and where major gaps exist. The chapter discusses various interventions to prevent childhood obesity from around the world, community approaches, and approaches that suggest environmental changes including physics, economic, and political environments. The chapter also puts forward a discussion of interventions that target policy changes such as policy that address laws and regulations as well as formal and informal rules.Less
This chapter presents environmental and policy interventions which have demonstrated an impact on a measure of body weight or been successful in improving eating or physical activity behaviours among children aged 2 to 18. It presents the types of macro- and micro-environmental and policy interventions that have been conducted, what areas seem promising, and where major gaps exist. The chapter discusses various interventions to prevent childhood obesity from around the world, community approaches, and approaches that suggest environmental changes including physics, economic, and political environments. The chapter also puts forward a discussion of interventions that target policy changes such as policy that address laws and regulations as well as formal and informal rules.
Elizabeth A. Dodson, Ross C. Brownson, and Stephen M. Weiss
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199751877
- eISBN:
- 9780199933242
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199751877.003.0021
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter outlines key issues of evidence-based theories and frameworks for policy dissemination research, discusses policy intervention design, and specifies potential challenges that may be ...
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This chapter outlines key issues of evidence-based theories and frameworks for policy dissemination research, discusses policy intervention design, and specifies potential challenges that may be faced in policy dissemination research. It provides entry points into a rapidly growing and widely dispersed literature that crosses multiple disciplines, including public health, political science, and economics. Because the field of dissemination and implementation research is so new, the “implementation” literature on setting-specific evidence-based interventions is sparse; therefore, the remainder of the chapter focuses instead on policy dissemination research.Less
This chapter outlines key issues of evidence-based theories and frameworks for policy dissemination research, discusses policy intervention design, and specifies potential challenges that may be faced in policy dissemination research. It provides entry points into a rapidly growing and widely dispersed literature that crosses multiple disciplines, including public health, political science, and economics. Because the field of dissemination and implementation research is so new, the “implementation” literature on setting-specific evidence-based interventions is sparse; therefore, the remainder of the chapter focuses instead on policy dissemination research.
Jeff French and Clive Blair-Stevens
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199550692
- eISBN:
- 9780191720413
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199550692.003.05
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter covers the application of strategic thinking in social marketing and the difference between policy, strategy, and operational social marketing. The concepts of the policy intervention ...
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This chapter covers the application of strategic thinking in social marketing and the difference between policy, strategy, and operational social marketing. The concepts of the policy intervention mix and the marketing mix in the public sector are compared and contrasted. The chapter explores the challenges of influencing public policy and approaches to using social marketing principles to inform policy and strategy development. Developing a strategic approach to social marketing is covered, including a description of what constitutes a strategic social marketing approach, and how it can be analysed and evaluated. The implications for the delivery of operational social marketing, including the need for programmes of action and vertical and horizontal integration, are also included. The chapter concludes with a call for social marketing to be embedded as an integral part of public sector policymaking and strategy development, as well as for improved operational implementation.Less
This chapter covers the application of strategic thinking in social marketing and the difference between policy, strategy, and operational social marketing. The concepts of the policy intervention mix and the marketing mix in the public sector are compared and contrasted. The chapter explores the challenges of influencing public policy and approaches to using social marketing principles to inform policy and strategy development. Developing a strategic approach to social marketing is covered, including a description of what constitutes a strategic social marketing approach, and how it can be analysed and evaluated. The implications for the delivery of operational social marketing, including the need for programmes of action and vertical and horizontal integration, are also included. The chapter concludes with a call for social marketing to be embedded as an integral part of public sector policymaking and strategy development, as well as for improved operational implementation.
Noel Maurer
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691155821
- eISBN:
- 9781400846603
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691155821.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
This chapter illustrates how republican administrations after 1920 continued the intervention policy, even though Warren Harding openly campaigned against it in his 1920 presidential run. It shows ...
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This chapter illustrates how republican administrations after 1920 continued the intervention policy, even though Warren Harding openly campaigned against it in his 1920 presidential run. It shows how Harding tried and failed to extricate the United States from the interventions and receiverships in Central America, the Caribbean, and Liberia. Calvin Coolidge succeeded Harding after his death in 1923, and the Coolidge administration was equally ambivalent. Nevertheless, Coolidge failed to resist pressure to intervene on behalf of U.S. investors. By 1927, he would publicly state that there is a distinct and binding obligation on the part of self-respecting governments to afford protection to the persons and property of their citizens, wherever they may be.Less
This chapter illustrates how republican administrations after 1920 continued the intervention policy, even though Warren Harding openly campaigned against it in his 1920 presidential run. It shows how Harding tried and failed to extricate the United States from the interventions and receiverships in Central America, the Caribbean, and Liberia. Calvin Coolidge succeeded Harding after his death in 1923, and the Coolidge administration was equally ambivalent. Nevertheless, Coolidge failed to resist pressure to intervene on behalf of U.S. investors. By 1927, he would publicly state that there is a distinct and binding obligation on the part of self-respecting governments to afford protection to the persons and property of their citizens, wherever they may be.
Linda Hantrais
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861344717
- eISBN:
- 9781447302322
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861344717.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Marriage and the Family
In addition to the rights and duties conferred on the state by national constitutions, which provide the legal basis for policy formulation, an indication of the legitimacy of government intervention ...
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In addition to the rights and duties conferred on the state by national constitutions, which provide the legal basis for policy formulation, an indication of the legitimacy of government intervention in family life can be gained by examining the ways in which different policy actors cooperate in policy formulation and delivery. This chapter focuses on the legitimacy and social acceptability of government intervention in family life. It analyses how the relationship between the state and families is defined, conceptualised, and institutionalised at EU level and in member states. The chapter examines the extent to which society considers intervention by political, economic, and civil-society actors to be legitimate and acceptable in the areas of socio-economic change. It identifies the main parameters patterning family policy in the early twenty-first century and characterises welfare arrangements in EU member states with reference to their approaches to family policy. The chapter provides examples that highlight the complexity of the factors determining the legitimacy and acceptability of state intervention in family affairs.Less
In addition to the rights and duties conferred on the state by national constitutions, which provide the legal basis for policy formulation, an indication of the legitimacy of government intervention in family life can be gained by examining the ways in which different policy actors cooperate in policy formulation and delivery. This chapter focuses on the legitimacy and social acceptability of government intervention in family life. It analyses how the relationship between the state and families is defined, conceptualised, and institutionalised at EU level and in member states. The chapter examines the extent to which society considers intervention by political, economic, and civil-society actors to be legitimate and acceptable in the areas of socio-economic change. It identifies the main parameters patterning family policy in the early twenty-first century and characterises welfare arrangements in EU member states with reference to their approaches to family policy. The chapter provides examples that highlight the complexity of the factors determining the legitimacy and acceptability of state intervention in family affairs.
Maggie Blyth and Enver Solomon (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847422637
- eISBN:
- 9781447303060
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847422637.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Crime and Justice
The Youth Crime Action Plan, launched by the UK government in 2008, emphasises crime prevention and early intervention in different aspects of work with young people who offend or are considered to ...
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The Youth Crime Action Plan, launched by the UK government in 2008, emphasises crime prevention and early intervention in different aspects of work with young people who offend or are considered to be ‘at risk’ of offending. Much of this approach includes targeted work with families and work to reduce the numbers of young people entering the youth justice system. This report takes a critical look at early intervention policies. Through contributions from leading experts on youth work and criminal justice, it considers the development of integrated and targeted youth support services and the implications for practice of early intervention policies; analyses the causes of serious violent crime through consideration of issues that address gangs and guns; provides an evaluation of the government's early intervention strategy through the examination of its Sure Start programme and other family initiatives; identifies the psychobiological effects of violence on children and links them to problem behaviour; considers the impacts of family intervention projects and parenting work and compares approaches to early intervention across different jurisdictions; and examines the lessons for practice in England and Wales.Less
The Youth Crime Action Plan, launched by the UK government in 2008, emphasises crime prevention and early intervention in different aspects of work with young people who offend or are considered to be ‘at risk’ of offending. Much of this approach includes targeted work with families and work to reduce the numbers of young people entering the youth justice system. This report takes a critical look at early intervention policies. Through contributions from leading experts on youth work and criminal justice, it considers the development of integrated and targeted youth support services and the implications for practice of early intervention policies; analyses the causes of serious violent crime through consideration of issues that address gangs and guns; provides an evaluation of the government's early intervention strategy through the examination of its Sure Start programme and other family initiatives; identifies the psychobiological effects of violence on children and links them to problem behaviour; considers the impacts of family intervention projects and parenting work and compares approaches to early intervention across different jurisdictions; and examines the lessons for practice in England and Wales.
Sheena Asthana and Joyce Halliday
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861346742
- eISBN:
- 9781447304258
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861346742.003.0007
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter examines policy interventions targeting accidents and injuries and mental health, the two main areas of health inequality during childhood and youth. It highlights the shift to ...
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This chapter examines policy interventions targeting accidents and injuries and mental health, the two main areas of health inequality during childhood and youth. It highlights the shift to prevention and the stress on partnership in addressing these two issues. It proposes the addition of family therapy, home-school partnerships and community regeneration to preventive strategies such as parent education, home visiting and preschool education.Less
This chapter examines policy interventions targeting accidents and injuries and mental health, the two main areas of health inequality during childhood and youth. It highlights the shift to prevention and the stress on partnership in addressing these two issues. It proposes the addition of family therapy, home-school partnerships and community regeneration to preventive strategies such as parent education, home visiting and preschool education.
Stephen J. Ball
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861349200
- eISBN:
- 9781447303756
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861349200.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Economic Sociology
Education is a key political issue, and is seen as a crucial factor in ensuring economic productivity and competitiveness. This book offers an analysis of the flood of government initiatives and ...
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Education is a key political issue, and is seen as a crucial factor in ensuring economic productivity and competitiveness. This book offers an analysis of the flood of government initiatives and policies that have been introduced over the past 20 years, including Beacon Schools, the Academies programme, parental choice, Foundation Schools, faith schools, and teaching standards. It looks at the politics of these policy interventions and how they have changed the face of education.Less
Education is a key political issue, and is seen as a crucial factor in ensuring economic productivity and competitiveness. This book offers an analysis of the flood of government initiatives and policies that have been introduced over the past 20 years, including Beacon Schools, the Academies programme, parental choice, Foundation Schools, faith schools, and teaching standards. It looks at the politics of these policy interventions and how they have changed the face of education.
Per Pinstrup-Andersen (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198718574
- eISBN:
- 9780191788017
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198718574.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Food price volatility is one of the major challenges facing the global agricultural system today. This was most vividly illustrated during the global food crisis of 2007–9 when price spikes occurred ...
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Food price volatility is one of the major challenges facing the global agricultural system today. This was most vividly illustrated during the global food crisis of 2007–9 when price spikes occurred for key staple food commodities—such as wheat, rice, maize, and soybeans. Given the variety of reactions by governments of countries experiencing similar food price shocks, the 2007–9 crisis offered an excellent natural experiment for generating knowledge on responses to price volatility in particular and on the political economy of agricultural policy-making more generally. This book contains the wealth of collaborative research by a global team of experts on food price policy—the research was undertaken on a sizeable group of low- and middle-income countries that were highly affected by the 2007–9 food crisis. The central aim of the study is to uncover which political economy factors—ranging from the constellation of different interest groups to the nature of political institutions—explain variations in policy responses across countries. The research output proves valuable for at least three target audiences. First, it can inform international organizations and donors about which types of policy interventions can mitigate price volatility and whether they are feasible given a country’s political economy context. Second, it can help national policy makers better understand the trade-offs of certain policy interventions. Third, it generates much-needed further knowledge about the agricultural policy-making process in developing countries, which remains incredibly scarce despite the importance of agriculture to these countries’ economies.Less
Food price volatility is one of the major challenges facing the global agricultural system today. This was most vividly illustrated during the global food crisis of 2007–9 when price spikes occurred for key staple food commodities—such as wheat, rice, maize, and soybeans. Given the variety of reactions by governments of countries experiencing similar food price shocks, the 2007–9 crisis offered an excellent natural experiment for generating knowledge on responses to price volatility in particular and on the political economy of agricultural policy-making more generally. This book contains the wealth of collaborative research by a global team of experts on food price policy—the research was undertaken on a sizeable group of low- and middle-income countries that were highly affected by the 2007–9 food crisis. The central aim of the study is to uncover which political economy factors—ranging from the constellation of different interest groups to the nature of political institutions—explain variations in policy responses across countries. The research output proves valuable for at least three target audiences. First, it can inform international organizations and donors about which types of policy interventions can mitigate price volatility and whether they are feasible given a country’s political economy context. Second, it can help national policy makers better understand the trade-offs of certain policy interventions. Third, it generates much-needed further knowledge about the agricultural policy-making process in developing countries, which remains incredibly scarce despite the importance of agriculture to these countries’ economies.
Tiziana Nazio and András Gábos (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781447350347
- eISBN:
- 9781447350354
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447350347.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Occupations, Professions, and Work
This chapter studies how family legacies affect young people's strategies and decisions around finding work and moving into independent living. Where one comes from has always affected young people's ...
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This chapter studies how family legacies affect young people's strategies and decisions around finding work and moving into independent living. Where one comes from has always affected young people's job opportunities and paths out of school. These effects are becoming increasingly polarised both within and across European societies along a variety of dimensions that cannot simply be read off in terms of ethnicity, class, gender, the original nationality of one's parents, or even the society that young people from different backgrounds find themselves in. Understanding the long-term implications of these social divisions is central to knowing which kinds of policy interventions might be most effective in addressing current levels of youth unemployment. The chapter then looks at what happens to young people who leave home and/or set up their own families, and whether the recent recession has increased the risk of them returning to their parental home.Less
This chapter studies how family legacies affect young people's strategies and decisions around finding work and moving into independent living. Where one comes from has always affected young people's job opportunities and paths out of school. These effects are becoming increasingly polarised both within and across European societies along a variety of dimensions that cannot simply be read off in terms of ethnicity, class, gender, the original nationality of one's parents, or even the society that young people from different backgrounds find themselves in. Understanding the long-term implications of these social divisions is central to knowing which kinds of policy interventions might be most effective in addressing current levels of youth unemployment. The chapter then looks at what happens to young people who leave home and/or set up their own families, and whether the recent recession has increased the risk of them returning to their parental home.
Sheena Asthana and Joyce Halliday
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861346742
- eISBN:
- 9781447304258
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861346742.003.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This introductory chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about policies and practice for tackling the problem of health inequalities. This book examines the research and policy context ...
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This introductory chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about policies and practice for tackling the problem of health inequalities. This book examines the research and policy context of health inequalities and analyses health inequalities pathways, policies and practice throughout the lifecourse. It also highlights the many limitations that exist to the current evidence base of health inequalities policies and identifies the pathways that give rise to health inequalities and on policy interventions to address those pathways.Less
This introductory chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about policies and practice for tackling the problem of health inequalities. This book examines the research and policy context of health inequalities and analyses health inequalities pathways, policies and practice throughout the lifecourse. It also highlights the many limitations that exist to the current evidence base of health inequalities policies and identifies the pathways that give rise to health inequalities and on policy interventions to address those pathways.
Leonard A. Jason
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199841851
- eISBN:
- 9780199315901
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199841851.003.0005
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Our last principle of social change, covered in Chapter 5, involves measuring success in terms of what has been accomplished and what is still to be achieved. Multiple methods are needed to analyze ...
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Our last principle of social change, covered in Chapter 5, involves measuring success in terms of what has been accomplished and what is still to be achieved. Multiple methods are needed to analyze both the nature of a social problem and its possible solutions. These methods include documenting changes in policy, observing changes in practice, and gathering self-reported data from people within the community. Chapter 5 also examines how these types of methods have been successfully used on an array of policy issues, including litter abatement, handicapped parking, and media-based studies. No matter what the different strategies, types of measurements must be developed to define and detect when, and if, change has occurred. In determining how and what to measure, we go straight to the source, working with community members who are directly affected by the environments being altered.Less
Our last principle of social change, covered in Chapter 5, involves measuring success in terms of what has been accomplished and what is still to be achieved. Multiple methods are needed to analyze both the nature of a social problem and its possible solutions. These methods include documenting changes in policy, observing changes in practice, and gathering self-reported data from people within the community. Chapter 5 also examines how these types of methods have been successfully used on an array of policy issues, including litter abatement, handicapped parking, and media-based studies. No matter what the different strategies, types of measurements must be developed to define and detect when, and if, change has occurred. In determining how and what to measure, we go straight to the source, working with community members who are directly affected by the environments being altered.
Shirley Dex
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804763578
- eISBN:
- 9780804773744
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804763578.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gender and Sexuality
This chapter considers whether it is possible to devise effective state policies to achieve equality in household labor between men and women. It begins by examining the types of policy interventions ...
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This chapter considers whether it is possible to devise effective state policies to achieve equality in household labor between men and women. It begins by examining the types of policy interventions used by the government and their effects on work behavior. It then considers whether policy intervention in men's and women's shares of unpaid work is possible or realistic.Less
This chapter considers whether it is possible to devise effective state policies to achieve equality in household labor between men and women. It begins by examining the types of policy interventions used by the government and their effects on work behavior. It then considers whether policy intervention in men's and women's shares of unpaid work is possible or realistic.
Elizabeth Dowler and Nick J. Spencer (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861348999
- eISBN:
- 9781447301646
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861348999.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This book offers a unique multi-disciplinary perspective on tackling health inequalities in a rich country, examining the New Labour policy agenda for tackling health inequalities and its inherent ...
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This book offers a unique multi-disciplinary perspective on tackling health inequalities in a rich country, examining the New Labour policy agenda for tackling health inequalities and its inherent challenges. The book presents an overview of progress since the publication of the seminal and ambitious 1998 Acheson Inquiry into health inequalities, and the theoretical and methodological issues underpinning health inequalities. The chapters consider the determinants of inequality — for example, early childhood experience and ethnicity — the factors that mediate the relationship between determinants and health — nutrition, housing and health behaviour — and the sectoral policy interventions in user involvement, local area partnership working and social work. This book offers a combination of broad analysis of progress from differing perspectives.Less
This book offers a unique multi-disciplinary perspective on tackling health inequalities in a rich country, examining the New Labour policy agenda for tackling health inequalities and its inherent challenges. The book presents an overview of progress since the publication of the seminal and ambitious 1998 Acheson Inquiry into health inequalities, and the theoretical and methodological issues underpinning health inequalities. The chapters consider the determinants of inequality — for example, early childhood experience and ethnicity — the factors that mediate the relationship between determinants and health — nutrition, housing and health behaviour — and the sectoral policy interventions in user involvement, local area partnership working and social work. This book offers a combination of broad analysis of progress from differing perspectives.
Sheena Asthana and Joyce Halliday
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861346742
- eISBN:
- 9781447304258
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861346742.003.0004
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter considers research evidence that links early life factors to adverse health outcomes and discusses the significance of early life experiences to health inequalities. It suggests that it ...
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This chapter considers research evidence that links early life factors to adverse health outcomes and discusses the significance of early life experiences to health inequalities. It suggests that it is theoretically possible to identify the kinds of policy interventions that could improve the healthy development of young children from disadvantaged backgrounds by linking epidemiological evidence that highlights key risk factors to evidence of the social context of risk. It identifies key areas for intervention which include smoking cessation, nutrition and parenting education.Less
This chapter considers research evidence that links early life factors to adverse health outcomes and discusses the significance of early life experiences to health inequalities. It suggests that it is theoretically possible to identify the kinds of policy interventions that could improve the healthy development of young children from disadvantaged backgrounds by linking epidemiological evidence that highlights key risk factors to evidence of the social context of risk. It identifies key areas for intervention which include smoking cessation, nutrition and parenting education.
Sophie Mitra
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199981212
- eISBN:
- 9780199358007
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199981212.003.0011
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter deals with how to improve labor market outcomes for persons with disabilities in low- and middle-income countries. It reviews labor market outcomes across disability status and the ...
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This chapter deals with how to improve labor market outcomes for persons with disabilities in low- and middle-income countries. It reviews labor market outcomes across disability status and the constraints that persons with disabilities face in accessing employment. Next, the chapter focuses on the development of disability and employment policy and proposes a framework to guide the selection of interventions. A review of possible interventions and available evidence for the general population and persons with disabilities follows. This chapter recommends the use of a participatory framework with persons with disabilities, employers, policymakers, and researchers working together to identify major constraints to employment and to develop and test solutions. Given the scarcity of resources for research and evaluations on employment and disability in low- and middle-income countries, international development agencies can play an important role by funding and promoting the conduct of employment and disability situational analyses and program evaluations.Less
This chapter deals with how to improve labor market outcomes for persons with disabilities in low- and middle-income countries. It reviews labor market outcomes across disability status and the constraints that persons with disabilities face in accessing employment. Next, the chapter focuses on the development of disability and employment policy and proposes a framework to guide the selection of interventions. A review of possible interventions and available evidence for the general population and persons with disabilities follows. This chapter recommends the use of a participatory framework with persons with disabilities, employers, policymakers, and researchers working together to identify major constraints to employment and to develop and test solutions. Given the scarcity of resources for research and evaluations on employment and disability in low- and middle-income countries, international development agencies can play an important role by funding and promoting the conduct of employment and disability situational analyses and program evaluations.
Tim Blackman
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861346117
- eISBN:
- 9781447302971
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861346117.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
Where people live matters to their health. Health-improvement strategies often target where people live, but do they work? This book tackles this question by exploring new theoretical, empirical, and ...
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Where people live matters to their health. Health-improvement strategies often target where people live, but do they work? This book tackles this question by exploring new theoretical, empirical, and practice perspectives on this issue, anchored by major studies of England's Neighbourhood Renewal Strategy and the Programme for Action on health inequalities. It uses complexity theory to understand the inter-relationships between neighbourhood change, the emergence of states of health, and policy interventions managed using performance indicators. This is complemented by reviews of the international evidence base on area effects and neighbourhood change, supplemented by new insights from the author's own research and experience as an advisor to local-neighbourhood-renewal strategies. The book is a wide-ranging study with many new examples of the impact of neighbourhood conditions from smoking to dementia.Less
Where people live matters to their health. Health-improvement strategies often target where people live, but do they work? This book tackles this question by exploring new theoretical, empirical, and practice perspectives on this issue, anchored by major studies of England's Neighbourhood Renewal Strategy and the Programme for Action on health inequalities. It uses complexity theory to understand the inter-relationships between neighbourhood change, the emergence of states of health, and policy interventions managed using performance indicators. This is complemented by reviews of the international evidence base on area effects and neighbourhood change, supplemented by new insights from the author's own research and experience as an advisor to local-neighbourhood-renewal strategies. The book is a wide-ranging study with many new examples of the impact of neighbourhood conditions from smoking to dementia.
Judy Nixon and Caroline Hunter
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847420947
- eISBN:
- 9781447303336
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847420947.003.0006
- Subject:
- Social Work, Crime and Justice
This chapter focuses on anti-social behaviour (ASB) and the notion that ASB is a gendered issue. It presents findings from a three-year evaluation of six Family Intervention Projects (FIPs) which ...
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This chapter focuses on anti-social behaviour (ASB) and the notion that ASB is a gendered issue. It presents findings from a three-year evaluation of six Family Intervention Projects (FIPs) which were established in 2003 to provide services to families who were under the threat of homelessness as a result of complaints of anti-social behaviour. It also compares and contrasts the discourses of women in the FIPs with those of judges of the Court of Appeals when considering cases concerning anti-social behaviour. This chapter is divided into three sections. The first section discusses the framework for the analysis used in this chapter. In this section, the attention is directed to the locales of conflict, in which the public and private spheres are interconnected. In the policy interventions of the state which at the time were normally saturated by moral discourse, the calls for increased ‘parental responsibility’ were dominated by gendered rhetoric wherein the mothers rather than the fathers were held to be primarily responsible for the conduct of their children. The section examines the lived material realities of ASB, through the experiences of lone-parent women who were referred to the FIPs. The third section discusses the recent Court of Appeal ASB judgements. It highlights the ways in which judgements have been informed by the use of moralising binary divides to apportion responsibility. The chapter ends with some observations on the contradictions inherent in the formation of women as gendered welfare subjects and emphasises the need for development of a more finely nuanced gendered analysis.Less
This chapter focuses on anti-social behaviour (ASB) and the notion that ASB is a gendered issue. It presents findings from a three-year evaluation of six Family Intervention Projects (FIPs) which were established in 2003 to provide services to families who were under the threat of homelessness as a result of complaints of anti-social behaviour. It also compares and contrasts the discourses of women in the FIPs with those of judges of the Court of Appeals when considering cases concerning anti-social behaviour. This chapter is divided into three sections. The first section discusses the framework for the analysis used in this chapter. In this section, the attention is directed to the locales of conflict, in which the public and private spheres are interconnected. In the policy interventions of the state which at the time were normally saturated by moral discourse, the calls for increased ‘parental responsibility’ were dominated by gendered rhetoric wherein the mothers rather than the fathers were held to be primarily responsible for the conduct of their children. The section examines the lived material realities of ASB, through the experiences of lone-parent women who were referred to the FIPs. The third section discusses the recent Court of Appeal ASB judgements. It highlights the ways in which judgements have been informed by the use of moralising binary divides to apportion responsibility. The chapter ends with some observations on the contradictions inherent in the formation of women as gendered welfare subjects and emphasises the need for development of a more finely nuanced gendered analysis.
Per Pinstrup-Andersen
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198718574
- eISBN:
- 9780191788017
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198718574.003.0022
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter aims to highlight lessons to assist governments in designing and implementing policies to deal with future increases in food price volatility. There is no unique definition of what is ...
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This chapter aims to highlight lessons to assist governments in designing and implementing policies to deal with future increases in food price volatility. There is no unique definition of what is better or worse policy in a political economy framework. What is good for one stakeholder group may be bad for another. In theory, policies could be guided by the goal of maximizing a social welfare function in which each of the stakeholder groups is assigned a relative weight. While such a goal may be implicit in some policy-making, the assignment of relative weights tends to be subjective, and could be an obscure and non-transparent process. Although improved food security was the stated overall goal of several of the study-country governments, the choice of policy interventions points towards the protection of government legitimacy as the ultimate goal.Less
This chapter aims to highlight lessons to assist governments in designing and implementing policies to deal with future increases in food price volatility. There is no unique definition of what is better or worse policy in a political economy framework. What is good for one stakeholder group may be bad for another. In theory, policies could be guided by the goal of maximizing a social welfare function in which each of the stakeholder groups is assigned a relative weight. While such a goal may be implicit in some policy-making, the assignment of relative weights tends to be subjective, and could be an obscure and non-transparent process. Although improved food security was the stated overall goal of several of the study-country governments, the choice of policy interventions points towards the protection of government legitimacy as the ultimate goal.
