Kaushik Basu
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195305197
- eISBN:
- 9780199783519
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195305191.003.0017
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This essay attempts to show that seemingly reasonable policy interventions can easily backfire in the area of child labor. Thus, policy interventions cannot be left at the level of broad-brush ...
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This essay attempts to show that seemingly reasonable policy interventions can easily backfire in the area of child labor. Thus, policy interventions cannot be left at the level of broad-brush statements but need to be crafted carefully. The general possibility of pathological reactions to policy interventions will be discussed, and one particular pathology will be spelled out in some detail because this is a problem that seems not to have been discussed in the literature, and also because it provides a generic illustration of the hazard of using standard instruments for curbing child labor.Less
This essay attempts to show that seemingly reasonable policy interventions can easily backfire in the area of child labor. Thus, policy interventions cannot be left at the level of broad-brush statements but need to be crafted carefully. The general possibility of pathological reactions to policy interventions will be discussed, and one particular pathology will be spelled out in some detail because this is a problem that seems not to have been discussed in the literature, and also because it provides a generic illustration of the hazard of using standard instruments for curbing child labor.
Dianne S. Ward, Amy V. Ries, and Rachel Tabak
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199572915
- eISBN:
- 9780191595110
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199572915.003.0028
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter presents environmental and policy interventions which have demonstrated an impact on a measure of body weight or been successful in improving eating or physical activity behaviours among ...
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This chapter presents environmental and policy interventions which have demonstrated an impact on a measure of body weight or been successful in improving eating or physical activity behaviours among children aged 2 to 18. It presents the types of macro- and micro-environmental and policy interventions that have been conducted, what areas seem promising, and where major gaps exist. The chapter discusses various interventions to prevent childhood obesity from around the world, community approaches, and approaches that suggest environmental changes including physics, economic, and political environments. The chapter also puts forward a discussion of interventions that target policy changes such as policy that address laws and regulations as well as formal and informal rules.Less
This chapter presents environmental and policy interventions which have demonstrated an impact on a measure of body weight or been successful in improving eating or physical activity behaviours among children aged 2 to 18. It presents the types of macro- and micro-environmental and policy interventions that have been conducted, what areas seem promising, and where major gaps exist. The chapter discusses various interventions to prevent childhood obesity from around the world, community approaches, and approaches that suggest environmental changes including physics, economic, and political environments. The chapter also puts forward a discussion of interventions that target policy changes such as policy that address laws and regulations as well as formal and informal rules.
Elizabeth A. Dodson, Ross C. Brownson, and Stephen M. Weiss
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199751877
- eISBN:
- 9780199933242
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199751877.003.0021
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter outlines key issues of evidence-based theories and frameworks for policy dissemination research, discusses policy intervention design, and specifies potential challenges that may be ...
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This chapter outlines key issues of evidence-based theories and frameworks for policy dissemination research, discusses policy intervention design, and specifies potential challenges that may be faced in policy dissemination research. It provides entry points into a rapidly growing and widely dispersed literature that crosses multiple disciplines, including public health, political science, and economics. Because the field of dissemination and implementation research is so new, the “implementation” literature on setting-specific evidence-based interventions is sparse; therefore, the remainder of the chapter focuses instead on policy dissemination research.Less
This chapter outlines key issues of evidence-based theories and frameworks for policy dissemination research, discusses policy intervention design, and specifies potential challenges that may be faced in policy dissemination research. It provides entry points into a rapidly growing and widely dispersed literature that crosses multiple disciplines, including public health, political science, and economics. Because the field of dissemination and implementation research is so new, the “implementation” literature on setting-specific evidence-based interventions is sparse; therefore, the remainder of the chapter focuses instead on policy dissemination research.
Jeff French and Clive Blair-Stevens
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199550692
- eISBN:
- 9780191720413
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199550692.003.05
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter covers the application of strategic thinking in social marketing and the difference between policy, strategy, and operational social marketing. The concepts of the policy intervention ...
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This chapter covers the application of strategic thinking in social marketing and the difference between policy, strategy, and operational social marketing. The concepts of the policy intervention mix and the marketing mix in the public sector are compared and contrasted. The chapter explores the challenges of influencing public policy and approaches to using social marketing principles to inform policy and strategy development. Developing a strategic approach to social marketing is covered, including a description of what constitutes a strategic social marketing approach, and how it can be analysed and evaluated. The implications for the delivery of operational social marketing, including the need for programmes of action and vertical and horizontal integration, are also included. The chapter concludes with a call for social marketing to be embedded as an integral part of public sector policymaking and strategy development, as well as for improved operational implementation.Less
This chapter covers the application of strategic thinking in social marketing and the difference between policy, strategy, and operational social marketing. The concepts of the policy intervention mix and the marketing mix in the public sector are compared and contrasted. The chapter explores the challenges of influencing public policy and approaches to using social marketing principles to inform policy and strategy development. Developing a strategic approach to social marketing is covered, including a description of what constitutes a strategic social marketing approach, and how it can be analysed and evaluated. The implications for the delivery of operational social marketing, including the need for programmes of action and vertical and horizontal integration, are also included. The chapter concludes with a call for social marketing to be embedded as an integral part of public sector policymaking and strategy development, as well as for improved operational implementation.
Noel Maurer
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691155821
- eISBN:
- 9781400846603
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691155821.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
This chapter illustrates how republican administrations after 1920 continued the intervention policy, even though Warren Harding openly campaigned against it in his 1920 presidential run. It shows ...
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This chapter illustrates how republican administrations after 1920 continued the intervention policy, even though Warren Harding openly campaigned against it in his 1920 presidential run. It shows how Harding tried and failed to extricate the United States from the interventions and receiverships in Central America, the Caribbean, and Liberia. Calvin Coolidge succeeded Harding after his death in 1923, and the Coolidge administration was equally ambivalent. Nevertheless, Coolidge failed to resist pressure to intervene on behalf of U.S. investors. By 1927, he would publicly state that there is a distinct and binding obligation on the part of self-respecting governments to afford protection to the persons and property of their citizens, wherever they may be.Less
This chapter illustrates how republican administrations after 1920 continued the intervention policy, even though Warren Harding openly campaigned against it in his 1920 presidential run. It shows how Harding tried and failed to extricate the United States from the interventions and receiverships in Central America, the Caribbean, and Liberia. Calvin Coolidge succeeded Harding after his death in 1923, and the Coolidge administration was equally ambivalent. Nevertheless, Coolidge failed to resist pressure to intervene on behalf of U.S. investors. By 1927, he would publicly state that there is a distinct and binding obligation on the part of self-respecting governments to afford protection to the persons and property of their citizens, wherever they may be.
Linda Hantrais
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861344717
- eISBN:
- 9781447302322
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861344717.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Marriage and the Family
In addition to the rights and duties conferred on the state by national constitutions, which provide the legal basis for policy formulation, an indication of the legitimacy of government intervention ...
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In addition to the rights and duties conferred on the state by national constitutions, which provide the legal basis for policy formulation, an indication of the legitimacy of government intervention in family life can be gained by examining the ways in which different policy actors cooperate in policy formulation and delivery. This chapter focuses on the legitimacy and social acceptability of government intervention in family life. It analyses how the relationship between the state and families is defined, conceptualised, and institutionalised at EU level and in member states. The chapter examines the extent to which society considers intervention by political, economic, and civil-society actors to be legitimate and acceptable in the areas of socio-economic change. It identifies the main parameters patterning family policy in the early twenty-first century and characterises welfare arrangements in EU member states with reference to their approaches to family policy. The chapter provides examples that highlight the complexity of the factors determining the legitimacy and acceptability of state intervention in family affairs.Less
In addition to the rights and duties conferred on the state by national constitutions, which provide the legal basis for policy formulation, an indication of the legitimacy of government intervention in family life can be gained by examining the ways in which different policy actors cooperate in policy formulation and delivery. This chapter focuses on the legitimacy and social acceptability of government intervention in family life. It analyses how the relationship between the state and families is defined, conceptualised, and institutionalised at EU level and in member states. The chapter examines the extent to which society considers intervention by political, economic, and civil-society actors to be legitimate and acceptable in the areas of socio-economic change. It identifies the main parameters patterning family policy in the early twenty-first century and characterises welfare arrangements in EU member states with reference to their approaches to family policy. The chapter provides examples that highlight the complexity of the factors determining the legitimacy and acceptability of state intervention in family affairs.
Maggie Blyth and Enver Solomon (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847422637
- eISBN:
- 9781447303060
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847422637.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Crime and Justice
The Youth Crime Action Plan, launched by the UK government in 2008, emphasises crime prevention and early intervention in different aspects of work with young people who offend or are considered to ...
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The Youth Crime Action Plan, launched by the UK government in 2008, emphasises crime prevention and early intervention in different aspects of work with young people who offend or are considered to be ‘at risk’ of offending. Much of this approach includes targeted work with families and work to reduce the numbers of young people entering the youth justice system. This report takes a critical look at early intervention policies. Through contributions from leading experts on youth work and criminal justice, it considers the development of integrated and targeted youth support services and the implications for practice of early intervention policies; analyses the causes of serious violent crime through consideration of issues that address gangs and guns; provides an evaluation of the government's early intervention strategy through the examination of its Sure Start programme and other family initiatives; identifies the psychobiological effects of violence on children and links them to problem behaviour; considers the impacts of family intervention projects and parenting work and compares approaches to early intervention across different jurisdictions; and examines the lessons for practice in England and Wales.Less
The Youth Crime Action Plan, launched by the UK government in 2008, emphasises crime prevention and early intervention in different aspects of work with young people who offend or are considered to be ‘at risk’ of offending. Much of this approach includes targeted work with families and work to reduce the numbers of young people entering the youth justice system. This report takes a critical look at early intervention policies. Through contributions from leading experts on youth work and criminal justice, it considers the development of integrated and targeted youth support services and the implications for practice of early intervention policies; analyses the causes of serious violent crime through consideration of issues that address gangs and guns; provides an evaluation of the government's early intervention strategy through the examination of its Sure Start programme and other family initiatives; identifies the psychobiological effects of violence on children and links them to problem behaviour; considers the impacts of family intervention projects and parenting work and compares approaches to early intervention across different jurisdictions; and examines the lessons for practice in England and Wales.
Sheena Asthana and Joyce Halliday
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861346742
- eISBN:
- 9781447304258
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861346742.003.0007
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter examines policy interventions targeting accidents and injuries and mental health, the two main areas of health inequality during childhood and youth. It highlights the shift to ...
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This chapter examines policy interventions targeting accidents and injuries and mental health, the two main areas of health inequality during childhood and youth. It highlights the shift to prevention and the stress on partnership in addressing these two issues. It proposes the addition of family therapy, home-school partnerships and community regeneration to preventive strategies such as parent education, home visiting and preschool education.Less
This chapter examines policy interventions targeting accidents and injuries and mental health, the two main areas of health inequality during childhood and youth. It highlights the shift to prevention and the stress on partnership in addressing these two issues. It proposes the addition of family therapy, home-school partnerships and community regeneration to preventive strategies such as parent education, home visiting and preschool education.
Lisa Vetten
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847426208
- eISBN:
- 9781447302629
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847426208.003.0009
- Subject:
- Sociology, Comparative and Historical Sociology
This chapter discusses the rate of reported rape cases in South Africa, which is considered to be among the highest in the world. As a consequence, the country is better known for its alarming ...
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This chapter discusses the rate of reported rape cases in South Africa, which is considered to be among the highest in the world. As a consequence, the country is better known for its alarming statistics and more sensational manifestations of sexual violence than its policy interventions. These challenges are further heightened by South Africa's high level of crime. South Africa's high crime rate affects the availability of criminal justice personnel.Less
This chapter discusses the rate of reported rape cases in South Africa, which is considered to be among the highest in the world. As a consequence, the country is better known for its alarming statistics and more sensational manifestations of sexual violence than its policy interventions. These challenges are further heightened by South Africa's high level of crime. South Africa's high crime rate affects the availability of criminal justice personnel.
Stephen J. Ball
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861349200
- eISBN:
- 9781447303756
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861349200.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Economic Sociology
Education is a key political issue, and is seen as a crucial factor in ensuring economic productivity and competitiveness. This book offers an analysis of the flood of government initiatives and ...
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Education is a key political issue, and is seen as a crucial factor in ensuring economic productivity and competitiveness. This book offers an analysis of the flood of government initiatives and policies that have been introduced over the past 20 years, including Beacon Schools, the Academies programme, parental choice, Foundation Schools, faith schools, and teaching standards. It looks at the politics of these policy interventions and how they have changed the face of education.Less
Education is a key political issue, and is seen as a crucial factor in ensuring economic productivity and competitiveness. This book offers an analysis of the flood of government initiatives and policies that have been introduced over the past 20 years, including Beacon Schools, the Academies programme, parental choice, Foundation Schools, faith schools, and teaching standards. It looks at the politics of these policy interventions and how they have changed the face of education.
Per Pinstrup-Andersen (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198718574
- eISBN:
- 9780191788017
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198718574.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Food price volatility is one of the major challenges facing the global agricultural system today. This was most vividly illustrated during the global food crisis of 2007–9 when price spikes occurred ...
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Food price volatility is one of the major challenges facing the global agricultural system today. This was most vividly illustrated during the global food crisis of 2007–9 when price spikes occurred for key staple food commodities—such as wheat, rice, maize, and soybeans. Given the variety of reactions by governments of countries experiencing similar food price shocks, the 2007–9 crisis offered an excellent natural experiment for generating knowledge on responses to price volatility in particular and on the political economy of agricultural policy-making more generally. This book contains the wealth of collaborative research by a global team of experts on food price policy—the research was undertaken on a sizeable group of low- and middle-income countries that were highly affected by the 2007–9 food crisis. The central aim of the study is to uncover which political economy factors—ranging from the constellation of different interest groups to the nature of political institutions—explain variations in policy responses across countries. The research output proves valuable for at least three target audiences. First, it can inform international organizations and donors about which types of policy interventions can mitigate price volatility and whether they are feasible given a country’s political economy context. Second, it can help national policy makers better understand the trade-offs of certain policy interventions. Third, it generates much-needed further knowledge about the agricultural policy-making process in developing countries, which remains incredibly scarce despite the importance of agriculture to these countries’ economies.Less
Food price volatility is one of the major challenges facing the global agricultural system today. This was most vividly illustrated during the global food crisis of 2007–9 when price spikes occurred for key staple food commodities—such as wheat, rice, maize, and soybeans. Given the variety of reactions by governments of countries experiencing similar food price shocks, the 2007–9 crisis offered an excellent natural experiment for generating knowledge on responses to price volatility in particular and on the political economy of agricultural policy-making more generally. This book contains the wealth of collaborative research by a global team of experts on food price policy—the research was undertaken on a sizeable group of low- and middle-income countries that were highly affected by the 2007–9 food crisis. The central aim of the study is to uncover which political economy factors—ranging from the constellation of different interest groups to the nature of political institutions—explain variations in policy responses across countries. The research output proves valuable for at least three target audiences. First, it can inform international organizations and donors about which types of policy interventions can mitigate price volatility and whether they are feasible given a country’s political economy context. Second, it can help national policy makers better understand the trade-offs of certain policy interventions. Third, it generates much-needed further knowledge about the agricultural policy-making process in developing countries, which remains incredibly scarce despite the importance of agriculture to these countries’ economies.
Jo Boyden, Andrew Dawes, Paul Dornan, and Colin Tredoux
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781447348313
- eISBN:
- 9781447348481
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447348313.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
This chapter focuses on adolescence and youth, which is increasingly accepted as a particularly sensitive phase of human development, characterised by significant changes in the brain and body. Much ...
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This chapter focuses on adolescence and youth, which is increasingly accepted as a particularly sensitive phase of human development, characterised by significant changes in the brain and body. Much is made of the heightened brain plasticity and emotional responsiveness during this period, wherein learning and adaptation are accelerated. This is the primary rationale for viewing adolescence as a second critical window for policy interventions to build on investments in early life and boost later chances. Indeed, there has been considerable policy momentum around adolescent sexual and reproductive health, community engagement, and labour market readiness. Adolescents are also touched by many of the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 4 on quality education and SDG 8 on decent work and economic growth.Less
This chapter focuses on adolescence and youth, which is increasingly accepted as a particularly sensitive phase of human development, characterised by significant changes in the brain and body. Much is made of the heightened brain plasticity and emotional responsiveness during this period, wherein learning and adaptation are accelerated. This is the primary rationale for viewing adolescence as a second critical window for policy interventions to build on investments in early life and boost later chances. Indeed, there has been considerable policy momentum around adolescent sexual and reproductive health, community engagement, and labour market readiness. Adolescents are also touched by many of the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 4 on quality education and SDG 8 on decent work and economic growth.
Shirley Dex
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804763578
- eISBN:
- 9780804773744
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804763578.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gender and Sexuality
This chapter considers whether it is possible to devise effective state policies to achieve equality in household labor between men and women. It begins by examining the types of policy interventions ...
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This chapter considers whether it is possible to devise effective state policies to achieve equality in household labor between men and women. It begins by examining the types of policy interventions used by the government and their effects on work behavior. It then considers whether policy intervention in men's and women's shares of unpaid work is possible or realistic.Less
This chapter considers whether it is possible to devise effective state policies to achieve equality in household labor between men and women. It begins by examining the types of policy interventions used by the government and their effects on work behavior. It then considers whether policy intervention in men's and women's shares of unpaid work is possible or realistic.
Tiziana Nazio and András Gábos (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781447350347
- eISBN:
- 9781447350354
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447350347.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Occupations, Professions, and Work
This chapter studies how family legacies affect young people's strategies and decisions around finding work and moving into independent living. Where one comes from has always affected young people's ...
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This chapter studies how family legacies affect young people's strategies and decisions around finding work and moving into independent living. Where one comes from has always affected young people's job opportunities and paths out of school. These effects are becoming increasingly polarised both within and across European societies along a variety of dimensions that cannot simply be read off in terms of ethnicity, class, gender, the original nationality of one's parents, or even the society that young people from different backgrounds find themselves in. Understanding the long-term implications of these social divisions is central to knowing which kinds of policy interventions might be most effective in addressing current levels of youth unemployment. The chapter then looks at what happens to young people who leave home and/or set up their own families, and whether the recent recession has increased the risk of them returning to their parental home.Less
This chapter studies how family legacies affect young people's strategies and decisions around finding work and moving into independent living. Where one comes from has always affected young people's job opportunities and paths out of school. These effects are becoming increasingly polarised both within and across European societies along a variety of dimensions that cannot simply be read off in terms of ethnicity, class, gender, the original nationality of one's parents, or even the society that young people from different backgrounds find themselves in. Understanding the long-term implications of these social divisions is central to knowing which kinds of policy interventions might be most effective in addressing current levels of youth unemployment. The chapter then looks at what happens to young people who leave home and/or set up their own families, and whether the recent recession has increased the risk of them returning to their parental home.
Sheena Asthana and Joyce Halliday
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861346742
- eISBN:
- 9781447304258
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861346742.003.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This introductory chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about policies and practice for tackling the problem of health inequalities. This book examines the research and policy context ...
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This introductory chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about policies and practice for tackling the problem of health inequalities. This book examines the research and policy context of health inequalities and analyses health inequalities pathways, policies and practice throughout the lifecourse. It also highlights the many limitations that exist to the current evidence base of health inequalities policies and identifies the pathways that give rise to health inequalities and on policy interventions to address those pathways.Less
This introductory chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about policies and practice for tackling the problem of health inequalities. This book examines the research and policy context of health inequalities and analyses health inequalities pathways, policies and practice throughout the lifecourse. It also highlights the many limitations that exist to the current evidence base of health inequalities policies and identifies the pathways that give rise to health inequalities and on policy interventions to address those pathways.
Leonard A. Jason
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199841851
- eISBN:
- 9780199315901
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199841851.003.0005
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Our last principle of social change, covered in Chapter 5, involves measuring success in terms of what has been accomplished and what is still to be achieved. Multiple methods are needed to analyze ...
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Our last principle of social change, covered in Chapter 5, involves measuring success in terms of what has been accomplished and what is still to be achieved. Multiple methods are needed to analyze both the nature of a social problem and its possible solutions. These methods include documenting changes in policy, observing changes in practice, and gathering self-reported data from people within the community. Chapter 5 also examines how these types of methods have been successfully used on an array of policy issues, including litter abatement, handicapped parking, and media-based studies. No matter what the different strategies, types of measurements must be developed to define and detect when, and if, change has occurred. In determining how and what to measure, we go straight to the source, working with community members who are directly affected by the environments being altered.Less
Our last principle of social change, covered in Chapter 5, involves measuring success in terms of what has been accomplished and what is still to be achieved. Multiple methods are needed to analyze both the nature of a social problem and its possible solutions. These methods include documenting changes in policy, observing changes in practice, and gathering self-reported data from people within the community. Chapter 5 also examines how these types of methods have been successfully used on an array of policy issues, including litter abatement, handicapped parking, and media-based studies. No matter what the different strategies, types of measurements must be developed to define and detect when, and if, change has occurred. In determining how and what to measure, we go straight to the source, working with community members who are directly affected by the environments being altered.
Sophie Mitra
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199981212
- eISBN:
- 9780199358007
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199981212.003.0011
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter deals with how to improve labor market outcomes for persons with disabilities in low- and middle-income countries. It reviews labor market outcomes across disability status and the ...
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This chapter deals with how to improve labor market outcomes for persons with disabilities in low- and middle-income countries. It reviews labor market outcomes across disability status and the constraints that persons with disabilities face in accessing employment. Next, the chapter focuses on the development of disability and employment policy and proposes a framework to guide the selection of interventions. A review of possible interventions and available evidence for the general population and persons with disabilities follows. This chapter recommends the use of a participatory framework with persons with disabilities, employers, policymakers, and researchers working together to identify major constraints to employment and to develop and test solutions. Given the scarcity of resources for research and evaluations on employment and disability in low- and middle-income countries, international development agencies can play an important role by funding and promoting the conduct of employment and disability situational analyses and program evaluations.Less
This chapter deals with how to improve labor market outcomes for persons with disabilities in low- and middle-income countries. It reviews labor market outcomes across disability status and the constraints that persons with disabilities face in accessing employment. Next, the chapter focuses on the development of disability and employment policy and proposes a framework to guide the selection of interventions. A review of possible interventions and available evidence for the general population and persons with disabilities follows. This chapter recommends the use of a participatory framework with persons with disabilities, employers, policymakers, and researchers working together to identify major constraints to employment and to develop and test solutions. Given the scarcity of resources for research and evaluations on employment and disability in low- and middle-income countries, international development agencies can play an important role by funding and promoting the conduct of employment and disability situational analyses and program evaluations.
Norman Ingram
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198222958
- eISBN:
- 9780191678547
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198222958.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
In 1937, the APD faced a sharp self-examination in its stand and future within the whole of French pacifism. APD was facing a serious time wherein it considered a merger or the cessation of its ...
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In 1937, the APD faced a sharp self-examination in its stand and future within the whole of French pacifism. APD was facing a serious time wherein it considered a merger or the cessation of its activities. However, APD members reacted violently to the idea resulting to the Fiftieth Anniversary Congress and the transfer of leadership to the younger members of the group. This chapter discusses APD in the year 1937, a pivotal year that tested the APD's stand on peace issues and the seemingly increasing powers of fascism. In this chapter, the non-intervention policy of the APD and the different peace policies of the group in response to the growing conflict and fascism movements in other countries are analyzed and discussed through a series of critical essays. The chapter also discusses the final divorce and separation of justice and peace which contoured the old-style pacifism for many years and which gave way to a much better approach to the issues and problems of peace.Less
In 1937, the APD faced a sharp self-examination in its stand and future within the whole of French pacifism. APD was facing a serious time wherein it considered a merger or the cessation of its activities. However, APD members reacted violently to the idea resulting to the Fiftieth Anniversary Congress and the transfer of leadership to the younger members of the group. This chapter discusses APD in the year 1937, a pivotal year that tested the APD's stand on peace issues and the seemingly increasing powers of fascism. In this chapter, the non-intervention policy of the APD and the different peace policies of the group in response to the growing conflict and fascism movements in other countries are analyzed and discussed through a series of critical essays. The chapter also discusses the final divorce and separation of justice and peace which contoured the old-style pacifism for many years and which gave way to a much better approach to the issues and problems of peace.
Elizabeth Dowler and Nick J. Spencer (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861348999
- eISBN:
- 9781447301646
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861348999.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This book offers a unique multi-disciplinary perspective on tackling health inequalities in a rich country, examining the New Labour policy agenda for tackling health inequalities and its inherent ...
More
This book offers a unique multi-disciplinary perspective on tackling health inequalities in a rich country, examining the New Labour policy agenda for tackling health inequalities and its inherent challenges. The book presents an overview of progress since the publication of the seminal and ambitious 1998 Acheson Inquiry into health inequalities, and the theoretical and methodological issues underpinning health inequalities. The chapters consider the determinants of inequality — for example, early childhood experience and ethnicity — the factors that mediate the relationship between determinants and health — nutrition, housing and health behaviour — and the sectoral policy interventions in user involvement, local area partnership working and social work. This book offers a combination of broad analysis of progress from differing perspectives.Less
This book offers a unique multi-disciplinary perspective on tackling health inequalities in a rich country, examining the New Labour policy agenda for tackling health inequalities and its inherent challenges. The book presents an overview of progress since the publication of the seminal and ambitious 1998 Acheson Inquiry into health inequalities, and the theoretical and methodological issues underpinning health inequalities. The chapters consider the determinants of inequality — for example, early childhood experience and ethnicity — the factors that mediate the relationship between determinants and health — nutrition, housing and health behaviour — and the sectoral policy interventions in user involvement, local area partnership working and social work. This book offers a combination of broad analysis of progress from differing perspectives.
Sheena Asthana and Joyce Halliday
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861346742
- eISBN:
- 9781447304258
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861346742.003.0004
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter considers research evidence that links early life factors to adverse health outcomes and discusses the significance of early life experiences to health inequalities. It suggests that it ...
More
This chapter considers research evidence that links early life factors to adverse health outcomes and discusses the significance of early life experiences to health inequalities. It suggests that it is theoretically possible to identify the kinds of policy interventions that could improve the healthy development of young children from disadvantaged backgrounds by linking epidemiological evidence that highlights key risk factors to evidence of the social context of risk. It identifies key areas for intervention which include smoking cessation, nutrition and parenting education.Less
This chapter considers research evidence that links early life factors to adverse health outcomes and discusses the significance of early life experiences to health inequalities. It suggests that it is theoretically possible to identify the kinds of policy interventions that could improve the healthy development of young children from disadvantaged backgrounds by linking epidemiological evidence that highlights key risk factors to evidence of the social context of risk. It identifies key areas for intervention which include smoking cessation, nutrition and parenting education.
