Rebecca Surender
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199266722
- eISBN:
- 9780191601941
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199266727.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
There has been considerable rethinking on the part of governments when it comes to social policy, in particular, about the relationships between the labour market, the family, and the state, and ...
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There has been considerable rethinking on the part of governments when it comes to social policy, in particular, about the relationships between the labour market, the family, and the state, and about the role of the state and the nature of governance. Very little of the post-war welfare settlement remains unquestioned, whether the nature of the risk addressed; the nature of entitlements and the form of conditionality to be applied; or the best means of making provision. This chapter outlines these welfare state changes and discusses possible explanations for them including political pragmatism, rapid structural change and the role of political ideas. It argues that whether referred to as ‘Third Way’ or not, many similarities in the welfare reforms adopted by industrialized welfare states can be identified. The chapter offers an examination of the US, the UK, and Australian cases to argue that in order to understand why an explicit discourse of policy reconfiguration and reform was actively embraced in some countries but avoided in others, an analysis of the impact of both the political history and constraints of institutional structures is necessary.Less
There has been considerable rethinking on the part of governments when it comes to social policy, in particular, about the relationships between the labour market, the family, and the state, and about the role of the state and the nature of governance. Very little of the post-war welfare settlement remains unquestioned, whether the nature of the risk addressed; the nature of entitlements and the form of conditionality to be applied; or the best means of making provision. This chapter outlines these welfare state changes and discusses possible explanations for them including political pragmatism, rapid structural change and the role of political ideas. It argues that whether referred to as ‘Third Way’ or not, many similarities in the welfare reforms adopted by industrialized welfare states can be identified. The chapter offers an examination of the US, the UK, and Australian cases to argue that in order to understand why an explicit discourse of policy reconfiguration and reform was actively embraced in some countries but avoided in others, an analysis of the impact of both the political history and constraints of institutional structures is necessary.
Graciana del Castillo
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199237739
- eISBN:
- 9780191717239
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199237739.003.0015
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental, International
Ongoing economic policy debates at specific times have affected economic reconstruction in countries coming out of war, from the period following the two World Wars to the post-Cold War experiences. ...
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Ongoing economic policy debates at specific times have affected economic reconstruction in countries coming out of war, from the period following the two World Wars to the post-Cold War experiences. These debates have naturally influenced the way sovereign governments and the international community plan for reconstruction and have been a major determinant of the international assistance and the conditionality imposed by donors. The general policy debate and the particular constraints to policymaking in post-conflict contexts should affect policymaking in the macro- and microeconomic areas; the required institutional arrangements; the policy mix; and in particular, the role of the state and the markets in economic reconstruction. This chapter analyzes the debate, the policy choices, and the policy constraints, and focuses on the need for a minimalist macroeconomic framework. The choice between flexible and fixed exchange rates; monetary and fiscal policies; fiscal federalism; and the real and external sectors are also addressed.Less
Ongoing economic policy debates at specific times have affected economic reconstruction in countries coming out of war, from the period following the two World Wars to the post-Cold War experiences. These debates have naturally influenced the way sovereign governments and the international community plan for reconstruction and have been a major determinant of the international assistance and the conditionality imposed by donors. The general policy debate and the particular constraints to policymaking in post-conflict contexts should affect policymaking in the macro- and microeconomic areas; the required institutional arrangements; the policy mix; and in particular, the role of the state and the markets in economic reconstruction. This chapter analyzes the debate, the policy choices, and the policy constraints, and focuses on the need for a minimalist macroeconomic framework. The choice between flexible and fixed exchange rates; monetary and fiscal policies; fiscal federalism; and the real and external sectors are also addressed.
Sonja Köke and Andreas Lange
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262029247
- eISBN:
- 9780262329736
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262029247.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
We study the impact of domestic policy constraints on the optimal terms of international environmental agreements (IEAs). We combine the literature on IEAs with the one on two-level games and ...
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We study the impact of domestic policy constraints on the optimal terms of international environmental agreements (IEAs). We combine the literature on IEAs with the one on two-level games and distinguish between representatives who negotiate the agreement and a second domestic player who may be involved in the ratification process, in the formulation of the unilateral domestic policy, or in both. We study how uncertainty with respect to the preferences of this second domestic player affects the commitment level required by the agreement. We find a non-monotonic impact: for increasing variance of the ratifiers’ preference, the commitment level that is specified in the agreement may first decrease, before, for sufficiently large variance, increasing again towards the level that is preferred by the negotiators.Less
We study the impact of domestic policy constraints on the optimal terms of international environmental agreements (IEAs). We combine the literature on IEAs with the one on two-level games and distinguish between representatives who negotiate the agreement and a second domestic player who may be involved in the ratification process, in the formulation of the unilateral domestic policy, or in both. We study how uncertainty with respect to the preferences of this second domestic player affects the commitment level required by the agreement. We find a non-monotonic impact: for increasing variance of the ratifiers’ preference, the commitment level that is specified in the agreement may first decrease, before, for sufficiently large variance, increasing again towards the level that is preferred by the negotiators.
Susan G. Clark
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300124224
- eISBN:
- 9780300145038
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300124224.001.0001
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
Yellowstone, one of America's most special places, has a special responsibility for its people to whom its management is entrusted. The federal government manages the park itself and much of the ...
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Yellowstone, one of America's most special places, has a special responsibility for its people to whom its management is entrusted. The federal government manages the park itself and much of the greater Yellowstone ecosystem, while the rest is managed by the individual landowners, businesses, and state and tribal governments. This book assesses the leadership and policy process of greater Yellowstone through which leaders seek to work together to chart a course toward sustainability. Specifically, the Greater Yellowstone Coordinating Committee (GYCC), a high-level federal committee that influences management policy and which is made up of the heads of the area's national parks, forests, and wildlife refuges, is considered at large for leadership purposes. The intent is to see the issues that arise in greater Yellowstone through the eyes of decision makers who are subject to real deadlines and policy constraints. The analysis accomplished in this book is meant to encourage greater reflection and attention to the higher-order tasks as well as to the basic tasks required for effective leadership, not only by the region's leaders, but also by all the other organizations and individuals who live there and care about the future of America's natural heritage.Less
Yellowstone, one of America's most special places, has a special responsibility for its people to whom its management is entrusted. The federal government manages the park itself and much of the greater Yellowstone ecosystem, while the rest is managed by the individual landowners, businesses, and state and tribal governments. This book assesses the leadership and policy process of greater Yellowstone through which leaders seek to work together to chart a course toward sustainability. Specifically, the Greater Yellowstone Coordinating Committee (GYCC), a high-level federal committee that influences management policy and which is made up of the heads of the area's national parks, forests, and wildlife refuges, is considered at large for leadership purposes. The intent is to see the issues that arise in greater Yellowstone through the eyes of decision makers who are subject to real deadlines and policy constraints. The analysis accomplished in this book is meant to encourage greater reflection and attention to the higher-order tasks as well as to the basic tasks required for effective leadership, not only by the region's leaders, but also by all the other organizations and individuals who live there and care about the future of America's natural heritage.
