David M. Malone
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199278572
- eISBN:
- 9780191604119
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199278571.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter discusses the second phase of UN involvement in Iraq, which seemed to herald the emergence of the Security Council as a New World Order Policeman. The Security Council’s capacity to ...
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This chapter discusses the second phase of UN involvement in Iraq, which seemed to herald the emergence of the Security Council as a New World Order Policeman. The Security Council’s capacity to legitimize the use of force provided a legal basis for international action to expel Iraqi forces from Kuwait in 1991. The chapter recounts the diplomatic and military success of Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm — mandated to compel the withdrawal of Iraq from Kuwait and conducted by a coalition of states — drawing legitimacy from Security Council decisions under Chapter VII of the UN Charter. Chapter VII also provided a newly assertive basis for traditional activities, such as ceasefire implementation and border-monitoring tasks, the Council gave to a new mission, UNIKOM, deployed along the border between Iraq and Kuwait. This new police role for UN peace operations was part of a larger ‘New World Order’ heralded by President George H. W. Bush, which seemed to hold the promise of an international rule of law, enforced by a united P-5 operating through the Security Council.Less
This chapter discusses the second phase of UN involvement in Iraq, which seemed to herald the emergence of the Security Council as a New World Order Policeman. The Security Council’s capacity to legitimize the use of force provided a legal basis for international action to expel Iraqi forces from Kuwait in 1991. The chapter recounts the diplomatic and military success of Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm — mandated to compel the withdrawal of Iraq from Kuwait and conducted by a coalition of states — drawing legitimacy from Security Council decisions under Chapter VII of the UN Charter. Chapter VII also provided a newly assertive basis for traditional activities, such as ceasefire implementation and border-monitoring tasks, the Council gave to a new mission, UNIKOM, deployed along the border between Iraq and Kuwait. This new police role for UN peace operations was part of a larger ‘New World Order’ heralded by President George H. W. Bush, which seemed to hold the promise of an international rule of law, enforced by a united P-5 operating through the Security Council.
Clive Emsley
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207986
- eISBN:
- 9780191677878
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207986.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
The history of police and policing have been the subject of much interest and research in recent years, but this book provides the first serious academic exploration ...
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The history of police and policing have been the subject of much interest and research in recent years, but this book provides the first serious academic exploration of the origins and development of the role of soldier-policemen: the gendarmeries of 19th-century Europe. The author presents a detailed account of the French Gendarmeries from the old regime up to the First World War, and looks at the reasons for how and why this model came to be exported across continental Europe in the wake of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic armies. In particular, their role is examined within the differing national contexts of Italy, Germany, and the Habsburg Empire. The gendarmeries, it is argued, played a significant role in establishing the state, particularly in rural areas. As the physical manifestation of the state, gendarmes carried the state's law and a promise of protection, whilst at the same time ensuring in turn that the state received its annual levies of conscripts and taxes. This account fully explores how the organization and style of 19th-century soldier-policing in France developed in such a way that it brought the idea of the state and the state's law to much of 20th-century continental Europe.Less
The history of police and policing have been the subject of much interest and research in recent years, but this book provides the first serious academic exploration of the origins and development of the role of soldier-policemen: the gendarmeries of 19th-century Europe. The author presents a detailed account of the French Gendarmeries from the old regime up to the First World War, and looks at the reasons for how and why this model came to be exported across continental Europe in the wake of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic armies. In particular, their role is examined within the differing national contexts of Italy, Germany, and the Habsburg Empire. The gendarmeries, it is argued, played a significant role in establishing the state, particularly in rural areas. As the physical manifestation of the state, gendarmes carried the state's law and a promise of protection, whilst at the same time ensuring in turn that the state received its annual levies of conscripts and taxes. This account fully explores how the organization and style of 19th-century soldier-policing in France developed in such a way that it brought the idea of the state and the state's law to much of 20th-century continental Europe.
Martha K. Hugginsv, Mika Haritos-Fatouros, and Philip G. Zimbardo
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520234468
- eISBN:
- 9780520928916
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520234468.003.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Latin American Cultural Anthropology
This introductory chapter explains the theme and coverage of this book, which is about the role of policemen in Brazil as violence workers, torturers, and murderers, and explores how men from ...
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This introductory chapter explains the theme and coverage of this book, which is about the role of policemen in Brazil as violence workers, torturers, and murderers, and explores how men from Brazil's two main police forces describe their careers, explain police behavior, and justify their violence. It investigates how they came to perpetrate atrocity and describes the personal consequences of their complicity with the official program of state-sponsored violence that they may have carried with them all these years.Less
This introductory chapter explains the theme and coverage of this book, which is about the role of policemen in Brazil as violence workers, torturers, and murderers, and explores how men from Brazil's two main police forces describe their careers, explain police behavior, and justify their violence. It investigates how they came to perpetrate atrocity and describes the personal consequences of their complicity with the official program of state-sponsored violence that they may have carried with them all these years.
John Merriman
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195072532
- eISBN:
- 9780199867790
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195072532.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
In the first half of the 19th century, France was still characterized by extraordinary regional and linguistic diversity. However, during this period the state increasingly became a central force in ...
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In the first half of the 19th century, France was still characterized by extraordinary regional and linguistic diversity. However, during this period the state increasingly became a central force in the life of French men and women. This book examines the role of municipal policemen (commissaires de police) in this evolution, during which time the police developed into a modern profession. It describes the careers of policemen, how they were hired, the daunting challenges they faced, and the successes they enjoyed, as well as their failures. The chapters describe how the dramatic political issues of the day — including two more revolutions — could bring a sudden, inglorious end to their careers in the police. The study underscores how the police helped the state affirm its primacy, and win the allegiance, or at least the obedience, of most ordinary people. At the same time, it shows how more and more it was the state, and its administrative representatives in each department — the prefects — who called the shots, and not the mayors, further confirming the reach of the French central government. Based on research in the Archives Nationales of France and many departmental archives (archives départementales), this book chronicles the street life of France's growing cities and towns in a time of rapid urbanization as seen through the prism of the men who enforced laws and maintained the peace.Less
In the first half of the 19th century, France was still characterized by extraordinary regional and linguistic diversity. However, during this period the state increasingly became a central force in the life of French men and women. This book examines the role of municipal policemen (commissaires de police) in this evolution, during which time the police developed into a modern profession. It describes the careers of policemen, how they were hired, the daunting challenges they faced, and the successes they enjoyed, as well as their failures. The chapters describe how the dramatic political issues of the day — including two more revolutions — could bring a sudden, inglorious end to their careers in the police. The study underscores how the police helped the state affirm its primacy, and win the allegiance, or at least the obedience, of most ordinary people. At the same time, it shows how more and more it was the state, and its administrative representatives in each department — the prefects — who called the shots, and not the mayors, further confirming the reach of the French central government. Based on research in the Archives Nationales of France and many departmental archives (archives départementales), this book chronicles the street life of France's growing cities and towns in a time of rapid urbanization as seen through the prism of the men who enforced laws and maintained the peace.
Lila Caimari
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780520289437
- eISBN:
- 9780520964105
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520289437.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This book is an extraordinary work of scholarship from one of Argentina's leading historians of modern Buenos Aires society and culture. In the late nineteenth century, the city saw a massive ...
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This book is an extraordinary work of scholarship from one of Argentina's leading historians of modern Buenos Aires society and culture. In the late nineteenth century, the city saw a massive population boom and large-scale urban development. With these changes came rampant crime, a chaotic environment in the streets, and intense class conflict. In response, the state expanded institutions that were intended to bring about social order and control. This book mines both police records and true crime reporting to bring to life the underworld pistoleros, the policemen who fought them, and the crime journalists who brought the conflicts to light. In the process, the book crafts a new portrait of the rise of one of the world's greatest cities.Less
This book is an extraordinary work of scholarship from one of Argentina's leading historians of modern Buenos Aires society and culture. In the late nineteenth century, the city saw a massive population boom and large-scale urban development. With these changes came rampant crime, a chaotic environment in the streets, and intense class conflict. In response, the state expanded institutions that were intended to bring about social order and control. This book mines both police records and true crime reporting to bring to life the underworld pistoleros, the policemen who fought them, and the crime journalists who brought the conflicts to light. In the process, the book crafts a new portrait of the rise of one of the world's greatest cities.
George C. Browder
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195104790
- eISBN:
- 9780199854462
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195104790.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
Most of the police in Heinrich Himmler's Security Service empire came from the professional police of pre-Nazi Germany. Even though many joined the Nazi Movement, and even became Security ...
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Most of the police in Heinrich Himmler's Security Service empire came from the professional police of pre-Nazi Germany. Even though many joined the Nazi Movement, and even became Security Service-Sicherheitsdienst (SS-SD) members, the vast majority identified themselves primarily as policemen. Toward an analysis of these men, one should evaluate and apply as appropriate the sociopsychological theories that have developed from the study of modern police. When applied to the German experience between 1918 and 1945, some of these theories provide likely explanations for police behavior in the Weimar and Nazi eras. The body of theory in question developed largely from research on American police and then expanded, with appropriate modifications, to other societies within the Anglo-Saxon legal tradition. Although many German and Austrian sociologists have few qualms about applying much of this theory to their own contemporary police, applying it to Weimar Republic police requires caution.Less
Most of the police in Heinrich Himmler's Security Service empire came from the professional police of pre-Nazi Germany. Even though many joined the Nazi Movement, and even became Security Service-Sicherheitsdienst (SS-SD) members, the vast majority identified themselves primarily as policemen. Toward an analysis of these men, one should evaluate and apply as appropriate the sociopsychological theories that have developed from the study of modern police. When applied to the German experience between 1918 and 1945, some of these theories provide likely explanations for police behavior in the Weimar and Nazi eras. The body of theory in question developed largely from research on American police and then expanded, with appropriate modifications, to other societies within the Anglo-Saxon legal tradition. Although many German and Austrian sociologists have few qualms about applying much of this theory to their own contemporary police, applying it to Weimar Republic police requires caution.
David E. Barclay
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198204305
- eISBN:
- 9780191676192
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198204305.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
For years Wilhelm Stieber had been one of Prussia's most ruthless and successful policemen. Stieber and his colleague, the veteran police inspector Friedrich Goldheim, had extracted a signed ...
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For years Wilhelm Stieber had been one of Prussia's most ruthless and successful policemen. Stieber and his colleague, the veteran police inspector Friedrich Goldheim, had extracted a signed confession from Carl Techen, a former army lieutenant with an exceedingly shady reputation. In October 1855 the police had revealed that certain private papers belonging to Leopold von Gerlach and Marcus Niebuhr had been secretly transcribed and their contents transmitted to third parties. At the beginning of November two servants of Gerlach and Niebuhr were arrested and charged with making and selling copies of their masters’ correspondence and diaries. Techen was temporarily arrested in late October, but was quickly released. After several months of investigations, Techen was again arrested on 29 January 1856.Less
For years Wilhelm Stieber had been one of Prussia's most ruthless and successful policemen. Stieber and his colleague, the veteran police inspector Friedrich Goldheim, had extracted a signed confession from Carl Techen, a former army lieutenant with an exceedingly shady reputation. In October 1855 the police had revealed that certain private papers belonging to Leopold von Gerlach and Marcus Niebuhr had been secretly transcribed and their contents transmitted to third parties. At the beginning of November two servants of Gerlach and Niebuhr were arrested and charged with making and selling copies of their masters’ correspondence and diaries. Techen was temporarily arrested in late October, but was quickly released. After several months of investigations, Techen was again arrested on 29 January 1856.
Clive Emsley
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207986
- eISBN:
- 9780191677878
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207986.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This introductory chapter sets out the purpose of the book, which is to study the development and origin of soldier-policemen who have been ignored in the ...
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This introductory chapter sets out the purpose of the book, which is to study the development and origin of soldier-policemen who have been ignored in the gendarme. It describes Gendarmerie as the most efficient way to maintain the peace in Europe because it provides a surveillance half civil, half military, spread across the whole territory.Less
This introductory chapter sets out the purpose of the book, which is to study the development and origin of soldier-policemen who have been ignored in the gendarme. It describes Gendarmerie as the most efficient way to maintain the peace in Europe because it provides a surveillance half civil, half military, spread across the whole territory.
David French
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199587964
- eISBN:
- 9780191731365
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199587964.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Military History
Britain’s wars of decolonisation were conducted against the backdrop of the Cold War, and officials and ministers were beset by the supposed communist threat to their empire. In reality most of their ...
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Britain’s wars of decolonisation were conducted against the backdrop of the Cold War, and officials and ministers were beset by the supposed communist threat to their empire. In reality most of their opponents were motivated by radical nationalism, not communism. Convinced of the moral righteousness of their imperial mission, they condemned those who opposed them as ‘bandits’, thugs, and gangsters’, and readily cracked down on them. On the ground members of the security forces took a more nuanced view. Some hated their enemies and demanded harsh measures against them, some respected them for fighting for a cause, most simply got on with the job they had been given.Less
Britain’s wars of decolonisation were conducted against the backdrop of the Cold War, and officials and ministers were beset by the supposed communist threat to their empire. In reality most of their opponents were motivated by radical nationalism, not communism. Convinced of the moral righteousness of their imperial mission, they condemned those who opposed them as ‘bandits’, thugs, and gangsters’, and readily cracked down on them. On the ground members of the security forces took a more nuanced view. Some hated their enemies and demanded harsh measures against them, some respected them for fighting for a cause, most simply got on with the job they had been given.
Martha Huggins, Mika Haritos-Fatouros, and Philip Zimbardo
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520234468
- eISBN:
- 9780520928916
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520234468.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Latin American Cultural Anthropology
Of the twenty-three Brazilian policemen interviewed in depth for this study, fourteen were direct perpetrators of torture and murder during the three decades that included the 1964–1985 military ...
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Of the twenty-three Brazilian policemen interviewed in depth for this study, fourteen were direct perpetrators of torture and murder during the three decades that included the 1964–1985 military regime. These “violence workers” and the other group of “atrocity facilitators” who had not, or claimed they had not, participated directly in the violence, help answer questions that haunt today's world: Why and how are ordinary men transformed into state torturers and murderers? How do atrocity perpetrators explain and justify their violence? What is the impact of their murderous deeds—on them, on their victims, and on society? What memories of their atrocities do they admit and which become public history?Less
Of the twenty-three Brazilian policemen interviewed in depth for this study, fourteen were direct perpetrators of torture and murder during the three decades that included the 1964–1985 military regime. These “violence workers” and the other group of “atrocity facilitators” who had not, or claimed they had not, participated directly in the violence, help answer questions that haunt today's world: Why and how are ordinary men transformed into state torturers and murderers? How do atrocity perpetrators explain and justify their violence? What is the impact of their murderous deeds—on them, on their victims, and on society? What memories of their atrocities do they admit and which become public history?
Martha K. Hugginsv, Mika Haritos-Fatouros, and Philip G. Zimbardo
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520234468
- eISBN:
- 9780520928916
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520234468.003.0004
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Latin American Cultural Anthropology
This chapter lays out the strategies for locating and interviewing the Brazilian policemen who had carried out state-sponsored atrocities, discussing the scope and characteristics of the study ...
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This chapter lays out the strategies for locating and interviewing the Brazilian policemen who had carried out state-sponsored atrocities, discussing the scope and characteristics of the study sample, along with the methodological challenges associated with studying police in general and police atrocity perpetrators in particular. It describes the violence worker demographics and explains the interview procedures with the imprisoned subjects, also discussing the strategy for making the interviewees admit their involvement in violence work.Less
This chapter lays out the strategies for locating and interviewing the Brazilian policemen who had carried out state-sponsored atrocities, discussing the scope and characteristics of the study sample, along with the methodological challenges associated with studying police in general and police atrocity perpetrators in particular. It describes the violence worker demographics and explains the interview procedures with the imprisoned subjects, also discussing the strategy for making the interviewees admit their involvement in violence work.
Martha K. Hugginsv, Mika Haritos-Fatouros, and Philip G. Zimbardo
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520234468
- eISBN:
- 9780520928916
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520234468.003.0011
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Latin American Cultural Anthropology
This chapter examines the interaction among secrecy, occupational insularity, organizational fragmentation, and personal isolation that shaped and facilitated serial torture and execution in Brazil, ...
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This chapter examines the interaction among secrecy, occupational insularity, organizational fragmentation, and personal isolation that shaped and facilitated serial torture and execution in Brazil, looking at the structural and interactional factors which molded relatively ordinary Brazilian police into serial atrocity perpetrators. It investigates the entry of several Brazilian policemen into specialized police organizations, social control units, or informal death squads to determine the actual processes that explain the connection between membership in one of these agencies and the perpetration of regular and systematic atrocities.Less
This chapter examines the interaction among secrecy, occupational insularity, organizational fragmentation, and personal isolation that shaped and facilitated serial torture and execution in Brazil, looking at the structural and interactional factors which molded relatively ordinary Brazilian police into serial atrocity perpetrators. It investigates the entry of several Brazilian policemen into specialized police organizations, social control units, or informal death squads to determine the actual processes that explain the connection between membership in one of these agencies and the perpetration of regular and systematic atrocities.
Neil Cornwell
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719074097
- eISBN:
- 9781781700969
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719074097.003.0009
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature
This chapter takes a look at Brian O'Nolan, who was also known as Flann O'Brien and Myles na Gopaleen in the literary world, introducing each of O'Nolan's literary personas, from the novelist and ...
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This chapter takes a look at Brian O'Nolan, who was also known as Flann O'Brien and Myles na Gopaleen in the literary world, introducing each of O'Nolan's literary personas, from the novelist and short-story writer (O'Brien), to the author of the funniest newspaper feature (na Gopaleen). From there the discussion focuses his two main novels, At Swim-Two-Birds and The Third Policeman. It notes that At Swim-Two-Birds was written through the second half of the 1930s and that it follows from the early writings of that decade. The Third Policeman, on the other hand, has lesser elements than the other novels, but is considered as more concentrated and serious.Less
This chapter takes a look at Brian O'Nolan, who was also known as Flann O'Brien and Myles na Gopaleen in the literary world, introducing each of O'Nolan's literary personas, from the novelist and short-story writer (O'Brien), to the author of the funniest newspaper feature (na Gopaleen). From there the discussion focuses his two main novels, At Swim-Two-Birds and The Third Policeman. It notes that At Swim-Two-Birds was written through the second half of the 1930s and that it follows from the early writings of that decade. The Third Policeman, on the other hand, has lesser elements than the other novels, but is considered as more concentrated and serious.
Koenraad Donker van Heel
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9789774167737
- eISBN:
- 9781617978159
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774167737.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Ancient History / Archaeology
This chapter focuses on Naunakhte's second husband, Khaemnun, a workman in Deir al-Medina. It is not clear when Khaemnun was born. There is some speculation that he was already active as a workman at ...
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This chapter focuses on Naunakhte's second husband, Khaemnun, a workman in Deir al-Medina. It is not clear when Khaemnun was born. There is some speculation that he was already active as a workman at the end of Dynasty 19, and more specifically in year 4 of either Amunmessu (1199 BCE), Sethy II (1196 BCE), or Siptah (1190 BCE). The chapter reconstructs some of the kitchen-table discussions between Naunakhte and Khaemnun and considers the claim of the workman Amunemipet that he has a right to Khaemnun's tomb. It also discusses various stories in the village, from Khaemnun's donkey to agriculture in Deir al-Medina, land leases from the Kushite period (Dynasty 25), and the dispute over donkeys between a workman, a water carrier, and the chief of police Sobekhotep. It also looks at the deals that the policemen and their chiefs were always striking with the workmen.Less
This chapter focuses on Naunakhte's second husband, Khaemnun, a workman in Deir al-Medina. It is not clear when Khaemnun was born. There is some speculation that he was already active as a workman at the end of Dynasty 19, and more specifically in year 4 of either Amunmessu (1199 BCE), Sethy II (1196 BCE), or Siptah (1190 BCE). The chapter reconstructs some of the kitchen-table discussions between Naunakhte and Khaemnun and considers the claim of the workman Amunemipet that he has a right to Khaemnun's tomb. It also discusses various stories in the village, from Khaemnun's donkey to agriculture in Deir al-Medina, land leases from the Kushite period (Dynasty 25), and the dispute over donkeys between a workman, a water carrier, and the chief of police Sobekhotep. It also looks at the deals that the policemen and their chiefs were always striking with the workmen.
Michael Maniates and John M. Meyer (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262014366
- eISBN:
- 9780262289603
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014366.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
The idea of sacrifice is the unspoken issue of environmental politics. Politicians, the media, and many environmentalists assume that well-off populations won’t make sacrifices now for future ...
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The idea of sacrifice is the unspoken issue of environmental politics. Politicians, the media, and many environmentalists assume that well-off populations won’t make sacrifices now for future environmental benefits and won’t change their patterns and perceptions of consumption to make ecological room for the world’s three billion or so poor who are eager to improve their standard of living. This book challenges these assumptions, arguing that they limit our policy options, weaken our ability to imagine bold action for change, and blind us to the ways sacrifice already figures in everyday life. The concept of sacrifice has been unexamined in both activist and academic conversations about environmental politics, but this book confronts it directly. The chapters bring a variety of disciplinary perspectives to the topic. Contributors offer alternatives to the conventional wisdom on sacrifice, identifying connections between sacrifice and human fulfilment in everyday life, and finding such concrete examples as parents’ sacrifices in raising children, religious practice, artists’ pursuit of their art, and soldiers and policemen who risk their lives to do their jobs. They examine particular policies and practices that shape our understanding of environmental problems, including the carbon tax, cycling incentives, and the perils of green consumption. This book puts “sacrifice” into the conversation about effective environmental politics and policies, insisting that activists and scholars do more than change the subject when the idea is introduced.Less
The idea of sacrifice is the unspoken issue of environmental politics. Politicians, the media, and many environmentalists assume that well-off populations won’t make sacrifices now for future environmental benefits and won’t change their patterns and perceptions of consumption to make ecological room for the world’s three billion or so poor who are eager to improve their standard of living. This book challenges these assumptions, arguing that they limit our policy options, weaken our ability to imagine bold action for change, and blind us to the ways sacrifice already figures in everyday life. The concept of sacrifice has been unexamined in both activist and academic conversations about environmental politics, but this book confronts it directly. The chapters bring a variety of disciplinary perspectives to the topic. Contributors offer alternatives to the conventional wisdom on sacrifice, identifying connections between sacrifice and human fulfilment in everyday life, and finding such concrete examples as parents’ sacrifices in raising children, religious practice, artists’ pursuit of their art, and soldiers and policemen who risk their lives to do their jobs. They examine particular policies and practices that shape our understanding of environmental problems, including the carbon tax, cycling incentives, and the perils of green consumption. This book puts “sacrifice” into the conversation about effective environmental politics and policies, insisting that activists and scholars do more than change the subject when the idea is introduced.
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226071527
- eISBN:
- 9780226071534
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226071534.003.0005
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
This chapter presents the case of a policeman who believed he could transfer images from photographs onto other objects simply by placing the photos on those objects. During the testing of the ...
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This chapter presents the case of a policeman who believed he could transfer images from photographs onto other objects simply by placing the photos on those objects. During the testing of the policeman, he claimed to have successfully transferred a photograph, but the observers could not see it. The policeman could not accept the possibility that this “phenomenon” was a creation of his own imagination. The chapter suggests that, in testing special abilities, it is important to remember that no source of evidence is infallible and that observation and testimony vary considerably in quality from one context to another.Less
This chapter presents the case of a policeman who believed he could transfer images from photographs onto other objects simply by placing the photos on those objects. During the testing of the policeman, he claimed to have successfully transferred a photograph, but the observers could not see it. The policeman could not accept the possibility that this “phenomenon” was a creation of his own imagination. The chapter suggests that, in testing special abilities, it is important to remember that no source of evidence is infallible and that observation and testimony vary considerably in quality from one context to another.
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781846312359
- eISBN:
- 9781846316104
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/UPO9781846316104.003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
During disturbances and strikes, or when people and animals needed to be rescued, policemen in Manchester, Birmingham, and Liverpool in the early twentieth century were expected to be there. However, ...
More
During disturbances and strikes, or when people and animals needed to be rescued, policemen in Manchester, Birmingham, and Liverpool in the early twentieth century were expected to be there. However, the vast majority of police work was routine, from walking their beats and checking the security of doors to talking with neighbours, directing traffic, stopping runaway horses, and helping people get out of rivers and canals. The law-breaking discovered by police constables often involved minor thefts, miscellaneous violations of public order, and traffic infractions. Some police duties were clearly related to crime prevention, but others involved enforcing a variety of government regulations.Less
During disturbances and strikes, or when people and animals needed to be rescued, policemen in Manchester, Birmingham, and Liverpool in the early twentieth century were expected to be there. However, the vast majority of police work was routine, from walking their beats and checking the security of doors to talking with neighbours, directing traffic, stopping runaway horses, and helping people get out of rivers and canals. The law-breaking discovered by police constables often involved minor thefts, miscellaneous violations of public order, and traffic infractions. Some police duties were clearly related to crime prevention, but others involved enforcing a variety of government regulations.
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781846312359
- eISBN:
- 9781846316104
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/UPO9781846316104.007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
In the early twentienth century, animosity existed between policemen and the public in Manchester, Birmingham, and Liverpool. Much of this animosity was reflected in ‘incivility’, when both sides ...
More
In the early twentienth century, animosity existed between policemen and the public in Manchester, Birmingham, and Liverpool. Much of this animosity was reflected in ‘incivility’, when both sides hurled insults against each other, and even escalated into physical conflicts. Disputes typically arose due to differences in perceptions of appropriate behaviour. Police constables exercised discretion in law enforcement, while civilians often believed that they were overreacting when dealing with minor offences. Both sides usually claimed that their actions had been entirely justified in the circumstances. In the final analysis, however, policemen were expected to prevent conflicts, rather than take part in them.Less
In the early twentienth century, animosity existed between policemen and the public in Manchester, Birmingham, and Liverpool. Much of this animosity was reflected in ‘incivility’, when both sides hurled insults against each other, and even escalated into physical conflicts. Disputes typically arose due to differences in perceptions of appropriate behaviour. Police constables exercised discretion in law enforcement, while civilians often believed that they were overreacting when dealing with minor offences. Both sides usually claimed that their actions had been entirely justified in the circumstances. In the final analysis, however, policemen were expected to prevent conflicts, rather than take part in them.
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781846312359
- eISBN:
- 9781846316104
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/UPO9781846316104.008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
In the early twentienth century, police constables in Manchester, Birmingham, and Liverpool interacted with many levels of society. These interactions could be antagonistic and violent, but outside ...
More
In the early twentienth century, police constables in Manchester, Birmingham, and Liverpool interacted with many levels of society. These interactions could be antagonistic and violent, but outside of traffic infractions, encounters were prosaic and civil. Policemen mostly came in contact with the working class, who, by virtue of living in crowded cities, were more susceptible to theft and violence. It thus made practical sense to become friendly with local constables, not only to solicit their help but also to persuade them to look the other way. Constables used their status to help civilians in a variety of ways, whether through small courtesies or charities. The most basic encounters between constables and the public came in the form of conversations, which included gossiping and fraternising.Less
In the early twentienth century, police constables in Manchester, Birmingham, and Liverpool interacted with many levels of society. These interactions could be antagonistic and violent, but outside of traffic infractions, encounters were prosaic and civil. Policemen mostly came in contact with the working class, who, by virtue of living in crowded cities, were more susceptible to theft and violence. It thus made practical sense to become friendly with local constables, not only to solicit their help but also to persuade them to look the other way. Constables used their status to help civilians in a variety of ways, whether through small courtesies or charities. The most basic encounters between constables and the public came in the form of conversations, which included gossiping and fraternising.
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781846312359
- eISBN:
- 9781846316104
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/UPO9781846316104.009
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
In the early twentienth century, police constables in Manchester, Birmingham, and Liverpool had both friendly and testy relationships with civilians, including women. Women was a major source of ...
More
In the early twentienth century, police constables in Manchester, Birmingham, and Liverpool had both friendly and testy relationships with civilians, including women. Women was a major source of strain between the strong male culture cultivated in the police force which reinforced working-class male chauvinism and force expectations that men behave with the utmost civility. Contact with women was discouraged because the police image was particularly vulnerable when it came to how women were treated by constables. While constables were punished for any violence towards the public, stiff penalties awaited those who committed sexual misconduct and even minor verbal and physical offences against women, such as asking for or giving unwelcome kisses.Less
In the early twentienth century, police constables in Manchester, Birmingham, and Liverpool had both friendly and testy relationships with civilians, including women. Women was a major source of strain between the strong male culture cultivated in the police force which reinforced working-class male chauvinism and force expectations that men behave with the utmost civility. Contact with women was discouraged because the police image was particularly vulnerable when it came to how women were treated by constables. While constables were punished for any violence towards the public, stiff penalties awaited those who committed sexual misconduct and even minor verbal and physical offences against women, such as asking for or giving unwelcome kisses.
