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This chapter discusses the establishment and hierarchy amongst the police forces in the Caribbean region. This chapter also explains how police commissions in the region are regarded as legacies from the colonial era. Also in this chapter, the context of police power is defined. The chapter states that living in a region colonized by Europeans, the police authorities have garnered a wide range of influence and power — and to some extent they have imposed a ‘regal’status in the region. In the succeeding parts of the chapter, select interviews with police commissioners are given; and various view-points regarding the region's state of security are expressed. Moreover, this chapter also reviews various factors that affect the region's security. This chapter also goes through a series of discussions on the different policies that the authorities have made in the past few years up to the present regarding the sudden surge of threats from things such as illegal drugs and firearms. The building tension between certain states in the region as well as the authorities' ways on preventing inter-state conflicts is also scrutinized.

The history of recent policing — certainly in the last ten years — has been dominated by the increased intervention in the actions and direction of chief officers by politicians; pre-eminently the Home Secretary, but also by the inspection of police-performance regimes by HMIC and the often controversial proposals made by HMI Inspectors. This chapter considers the views of chief officers on their relationships with both the HO and with HMIC (the latter has a role in both the appointment and career management of chief officers). How uneasy many chief officers are about political interference with traditional police autonomy is a pertinent factor in this debate.

This chapter considers policing — how its nature and the demands on police have changed and are changing; the significance of the reforms that have already taken place and those which are now proposed; and the implications of elected commissioners for police and crime. It examines the mechanisms by which police are accountable to the public and the importance of their accountability also to the law. The chapter goes on to discuss the government's and the public's expectations of what police should and should not do, and the need to manage those expectations, especially at a time of shortage and austerity. It reflects on the connections between police bureaucracy and culture, and concludes by identifying some of the considerations that will have a critical influence on the future of policing in England and Wales.

This chapter examines the appointment of Eoin O'Duffy as the second commissioner of the Garda Síochána, the police force of Ireland, on September 11, 1922. It explains that O'Duffy's priority as commissioner was to restore order throughout the state, and he was given administrative autonomy to execute his plans, including the recruitment and training of recruits. The chapter highlights O'Duffy's accomplishments in reducing armed crime between 1923 and 1925 and his success in subduing an army mutiny in 1924. It suggests that central to O'Duffy's effective leadership was his ability to forge a bond with his men and argues that his leadership style was more paternal than fraternal.

This chapter analyses the Police Reform and Social Responsibility Bill and its impact on police authority. It describes the events leading up to the passage of the bill and the provisions that made the most changes in law enforcement authority. It examines the first ever Police and Crime Commissioner elections in November 2012 and describes how the low turnout of the election harmed the credibility of the whole process. The chapter also pays attention to the possibility of the law enforcement becoming too political as an outcome of the idea of holding elections.

This chapter examines the darker side to Eoin O'Duffy's success and celebrity as commissioner of Garda Síochána. It explains that from his earliest days as commissioner, O'Duffy promoted a cult of personality within the force, using the Garda journal as his vehicle. The September 1923 issue of Iris an Gharda not only included 13 pictures of O'Duffy, but also a lengthy account of his revolutionary record. This chapter furthermore discusses O'Duffy's attempts to impart the ideals of the revolution to the gardaí and his interest in sport and cultural issues.

This chapter starts by addressing two of the fundamental issues – the principles of policing (including those attributed to Sir Robert Peel) and how to hold the police to account, underpinning both of which in the views of the authors are consent and public confidence in policing. It then looks at contemporary developments in accountability in Britain (such as the election of Police and Crime Commissioners and the disbandment of the former Police Authorities) and America, pointing up of some of the issues acknowledged by commentators. The chapter summarises the achievements of the Northern Ireland Policing Board, and briefly reprises the key findings in the earlier chapters in this regard. The book concludes with a tribute to the many who have helped contribute to the delivery of the new beginning of policing in Northern Ireland, paying particular tribute to the members and staff of the Policing Board.

In December 1923, Madhavan obtained a Congress party resolution establishing an Anti-Untouchability Committee, mainly from upper castes. On March 30, 1924, Vykom’s satyagraha began. Varying castes walked in rows to the prohibited temple roads. Recovering from illness, Gandhi managed from afar, believing that self-suffering would pierce the defenses of the Hindu orthodoxy and that change would result from their persuasion and “conversion.” Sympathetic to the princely states, which sought to preserve their autonomy from the British, he repudiated civil disobedience in Travancore. Gandhi’s stipulations precluded participation by non-Hindus or outside assistance. The government imprisoned 19 of the leadership group, creating a vacuum. On April 10, the British police commissioner, W. H. Pitt, ceased this approach. The new police tactic was to make the satyagrahis to stand for hours in the sun. Volunteers fainted. The “Great Flood of 1924” tested resolve. The struggle would experience ineptitude, deadlock, and violent attacks.