Melvin Delgado
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195125467
- eISBN:
- 9780199864188
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195125467.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations
Community social work practice based on a capacity enhancement model offers tremendous potential for unifying communities consisting of groups from very different cultural backgrounds, and in the ...
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Community social work practice based on a capacity enhancement model offers tremendous potential for unifying communities consisting of groups from very different cultural backgrounds, and in the process of doing so, make physical changes in the community. This book emphasizes community and urban social work and explains how to create positive community environments in marginalized urban-based communities. The use of murals, gardens, playgrounds, and sculptures, for example provide social workers with an opportunity to identify, engage, and plan services with communities. These projects, in turn, are based upon a community's strengths and represent an effort at developing a community's capacity to help itself with assistance from professionals.Less
Community social work practice based on a capacity enhancement model offers tremendous potential for unifying communities consisting of groups from very different cultural backgrounds, and in the process of doing so, make physical changes in the community. This book emphasizes community and urban social work and explains how to create positive community environments in marginalized urban-based communities. The use of murals, gardens, playgrounds, and sculptures, for example provide social workers with an opportunity to identify, engage, and plan services with communities. These projects, in turn, are based upon a community's strengths and represent an effort at developing a community's capacity to help itself with assistance from professionals.
Melvin Delgado
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195125467
- eISBN:
- 9780199864188
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195125467.003.0007
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations
This chapter analyzes what makes an urban setting attractive for macro social work practice using an assets paradigm. The chapter is divided into two sections. The first section analyzes what makes ...
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This chapter analyzes what makes an urban setting attractive for macro social work practice using an assets paradigm. The chapter is divided into two sections. The first section analyzes what makes murals, gardens, community-built playgrounds, and sculptures important to urban communities and identifies the common developmental aspects of these community capacity-enhancement projects. The second section addresses the unique developmental tasks associated with each of the four community capacity-enhancement projects and highlights their key conceptual and practice differences, and discusses what makes them important to the community, any aspects that are culture specific to a group, and the implications for social work education and practice.Less
This chapter analyzes what makes an urban setting attractive for macro social work practice using an assets paradigm. The chapter is divided into two sections. The first section analyzes what makes murals, gardens, community-built playgrounds, and sculptures important to urban communities and identifies the common developmental aspects of these community capacity-enhancement projects. The second section addresses the unique developmental tasks associated with each of the four community capacity-enhancement projects and highlights their key conceptual and practice differences, and discusses what makes them important to the community, any aspects that are culture specific to a group, and the implications for social work education and practice.
Kathryn Marsh
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195308983
- eISBN:
- 9780199863884
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195308983.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This book provides an account of the musical play of school-aged children. Based on fifteen years of ethnomusicological field research in urban and rural school playgrounds around the globe, this ...
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This book provides an account of the musical play of school-aged children. Based on fifteen years of ethnomusicological field research in urban and rural school playgrounds around the globe, this book provides unique insights into children's musical playground activities across social, cultural, and national contexts. The book examines sung and chanted games, singing and dance routines associated with popular music and sports chants, and more improvised and spontaneous chants, taunts, and rhythmic movements. The book introduces playgrounds in Australia, Norway, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Korea, offering an important study of how children transmit, maintain, and transform the games of the playground.Less
This book provides an account of the musical play of school-aged children. Based on fifteen years of ethnomusicological field research in urban and rural school playgrounds around the globe, this book provides unique insights into children's musical playground activities across social, cultural, and national contexts. The book examines sung and chanted games, singing and dance routines associated with popular music and sports chants, and more improvised and spontaneous chants, taunts, and rhythmic movements. The book introduces playgrounds in Australia, Norway, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Korea, offering an important study of how children transmit, maintain, and transform the games of the playground.
Ernest Campbell Mossner
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199243365
- eISBN:
- 9780191697241
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199243365.003.0003
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
In all that idyllic countryside of the Merse, there is no lovelier situation than the estate of Ninewells. The house itself stands on a bluff some 80 feet above the rushing waters of the Whiteadder. ...
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In all that idyllic countryside of the Merse, there is no lovelier situation than the estate of Ninewells. The house itself stands on a bluff some 80 feet above the rushing waters of the Whiteadder. Down the bluff a few yards, and to the south-east of the house, an overhanging rock forms a shallow cave. Here, David Hume probably played as a boy, or read a book in solitary majesty; and here, according to the inevitable local legend, he indulged in profound philosophical meditation. Here also, according to the same source, his great-grandfather hid an Episcopalian poet from a search-party of Covenanters. Along the waterside are other caves, quarries, and freestone rocks. At the southern extremity of Ninewells, on the bluff above the town and extending out across the public road, are the remains of an old Roman earthwork fort. The trenches and ramparts would have provided the Ninewells boys with a fine playground.Less
In all that idyllic countryside of the Merse, there is no lovelier situation than the estate of Ninewells. The house itself stands on a bluff some 80 feet above the rushing waters of the Whiteadder. Down the bluff a few yards, and to the south-east of the house, an overhanging rock forms a shallow cave. Here, David Hume probably played as a boy, or read a book in solitary majesty; and here, according to the inevitable local legend, he indulged in profound philosophical meditation. Here also, according to the same source, his great-grandfather hid an Episcopalian poet from a search-party of Covenanters. Along the waterside are other caves, quarries, and freestone rocks. At the southern extremity of Ninewells, on the bluff above the town and extending out across the public road, are the remains of an old Roman earthwork fort. The trenches and ramparts would have provided the Ninewells boys with a fine playground.
Kathryn Marsh
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195308983
- eISBN:
- 9780199863884
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195308983.003.0010
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
A number of musical, textual and movement characteristics of children's singing games appear to transcend cultural boundaries. This chapter discusses features of children's musical play that have ...
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A number of musical, textual and movement characteristics of children's singing games appear to transcend cultural boundaries. This chapter discusses features of children's musical play that have been found in various school playgrounds and therefore could be seen to be more generally occurring, then examines some of the differences between play in those settings, and relates this to the contexts in which they are found. As is clearly evident from the previous chapters, one major stylistic feature of children's musical play is their disposition to “play around with” text, movement, melody, and rhythm of games in a constant effort to create something new, to increase the level of amusement, and stamp their own imprimatur on the games they play. This improvisatory capacity was enacted in playgrounds in all field locations, resulting in multiple variants of some game genres, such as “Sar Macka Dora”, both within and between playgrounds and across cultural boundaries.Less
A number of musical, textual and movement characteristics of children's singing games appear to transcend cultural boundaries. This chapter discusses features of children's musical play that have been found in various school playgrounds and therefore could be seen to be more generally occurring, then examines some of the differences between play in those settings, and relates this to the contexts in which they are found. As is clearly evident from the previous chapters, one major stylistic feature of children's musical play is their disposition to “play around with” text, movement, melody, and rhythm of games in a constant effort to create something new, to increase the level of amusement, and stamp their own imprimatur on the games they play. This improvisatory capacity was enacted in playgrounds in all field locations, resulting in multiple variants of some game genres, such as “Sar Macka Dora”, both within and between playgrounds and across cultural boundaries.
Kathryn Marsh
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195308983
- eISBN:
- 9780199863884
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195308983.003.0011
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter compares the repertoire, compositional strategies, modes of teaching and learning, and social grouping found in playground practice and classroom practice with respect to children's ...
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This chapter compares the repertoire, compositional strategies, modes of teaching and learning, and social grouping found in playground practice and classroom practice with respect to children's musical play. Both pedagogical and ethnomusicological implications are drawn from the results of investigations of various school playgrounds. International observations of children's musical play in many school playgrounds over fifteen years support the view that performance practices and processes of oral transmission and generation used by children in their play demonstrate a complexity that is often discounted in educational settings. The analysis of playground singing games collected worldwide rejects the assumptions associated with the “playlike” features attributed to children's musical play that include spontaneous movement as an embodiment of enjoyment, and simplicity of form, rhythm, and melody. In pedagogical terms, “playlikeness” incorporates movement to assist in the development of musical understanding.Less
This chapter compares the repertoire, compositional strategies, modes of teaching and learning, and social grouping found in playground practice and classroom practice with respect to children's musical play. Both pedagogical and ethnomusicological implications are drawn from the results of investigations of various school playgrounds. International observations of children's musical play in many school playgrounds over fifteen years support the view that performance practices and processes of oral transmission and generation used by children in their play demonstrate a complexity that is often discounted in educational settings. The analysis of playground singing games collected worldwide rejects the assumptions associated with the “playlike” features attributed to children's musical play that include spontaneous movement as an embodiment of enjoyment, and simplicity of form, rhythm, and melody. In pedagogical terms, “playlikeness” incorporates movement to assist in the development of musical understanding.
William Cloonan
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781786941329
- eISBN:
- 9781789629101
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781786941329.003.0011
- Subject:
- Literature, American, 19th Century Literature
This chapter provides a résumé of the main points discussed in the preceding chapters. Its most important conclusion is that while French attitudes have changed toward Americans due to a variety of ...
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This chapter provides a résumé of the main points discussed in the preceding chapters. Its most important conclusion is that while French attitudes have changed toward Americans due to a variety of historical and cultural factors, the American attitude toward the French is not very much different from what was first presented in Chapter I.Less
This chapter provides a résumé of the main points discussed in the preceding chapters. Its most important conclusion is that while French attitudes have changed toward Americans due to a variety of historical and cultural factors, the American attitude toward the French is not very much different from what was first presented in Chapter I.
Kathryn Marsh
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195308983
- eISBN:
- 9780199863884
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195308983.003.0001
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
The musical play of school children encompasses many different forms that are owned, spontaneously performed, and orally transmitted by children and usually involve text, movement, and rhythmic ...
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The musical play of school children encompasses many different forms that are owned, spontaneously performed, and orally transmitted by children and usually involve text, movement, and rhythmic elements. These forms may be associated with an ongoing oral tradition or derive from performance styles experienced by children within their current environment, as with the sporting cheers and dance routines that accompany popular music, in addition to more impulsive and unstructured musical utterances. In this introductory chapter, the rationale for the study of children's musical play as a phenomenon is explained. It discusses the relationship of children's playground singing games to current music education practices and reviews studies of children's playlore as they relate to educational and ethnomusicological thought. The chapter thus considers adult views of children's musical play and the historical and philosophical influences on their formation.Less
The musical play of school children encompasses many different forms that are owned, spontaneously performed, and orally transmitted by children and usually involve text, movement, and rhythmic elements. These forms may be associated with an ongoing oral tradition or derive from performance styles experienced by children within their current environment, as with the sporting cheers and dance routines that accompany popular music, in addition to more impulsive and unstructured musical utterances. In this introductory chapter, the rationale for the study of children's musical play as a phenomenon is explained. It discusses the relationship of children's playground singing games to current music education practices and reviews studies of children's playlore as they relate to educational and ethnomusicological thought. The chapter thus considers adult views of children's musical play and the historical and philosophical influences on their formation.
Kathryn Marsh
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195308983
- eISBN:
- 9780199863884
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195308983.003.0002
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter investigates the largely pedagogical literature on children's musical creativity as a precursor to developing an understanding of creativity in children's musical play in school ...
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This chapter investigates the largely pedagogical literature on children's musical creativity as a precursor to developing an understanding of creativity in children's musical play in school playgrounds. Theories of oral transmission and their relationship to children's creativity are also explored, along with factors influencing creativity such as intentionality, social interactions, and social situatedness. Some of the most influential studies of children's musical creativity have endeavored to provide models that predominantly focus on children's composition or improvisation. The models they present are seen to apply to all forms of children's composition or improvisation, in much the same way as early ethnomusicological studies of children's music propounded the idea that general structural elements underlie all children's songs, and studies of children's playlore focused on universal characteristics.Less
This chapter investigates the largely pedagogical literature on children's musical creativity as a precursor to developing an understanding of creativity in children's musical play in school playgrounds. Theories of oral transmission and their relationship to children's creativity are also explored, along with factors influencing creativity such as intentionality, social interactions, and social situatedness. Some of the most influential studies of children's musical creativity have endeavored to provide models that predominantly focus on children's composition or improvisation. The models they present are seen to apply to all forms of children's composition or improvisation, in much the same way as early ethnomusicological studies of children's music propounded the idea that general structural elements underlie all children's songs, and studies of children's playlore focused on universal characteristics.
Kathryn Marsh
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195308983
- eISBN:
- 9780199863884
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195308983.003.0003
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter deals with philosophical issues as well as ethics and pragmatics related to research on the musical play of children in school playgrounds. One issue concerns the understanding that ...
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This chapter deals with philosophical issues as well as ethics and pragmatics related to research on the musical play of children in school playgrounds. One issue concerns the understanding that children's culture, while drawing upon adult society, has its own integrity. It is necessary to view the material collected within the subculture of children in terms of the attributes that are important to them, rather than the qualities that adults perceive as “useful”. This chapter describes the development of a reflexive field methodology used in this book to collect and document, as accurately as possible, the practices associated with children's musical play within a wide range of schools over a period of nearly fifteen years. As a result, considerable insight has been gained with respect to the teaching and learning, generation, variation, and transmission processes used by children in these schools in relation to the forms of musical play that are an integral part of their culture.Less
This chapter deals with philosophical issues as well as ethics and pragmatics related to research on the musical play of children in school playgrounds. One issue concerns the understanding that children's culture, while drawing upon adult society, has its own integrity. It is necessary to view the material collected within the subculture of children in terms of the attributes that are important to them, rather than the qualities that adults perceive as “useful”. This chapter describes the development of a reflexive field methodology used in this book to collect and document, as accurately as possible, the practices associated with children's musical play within a wide range of schools over a period of nearly fifteen years. As a result, considerable insight has been gained with respect to the teaching and learning, generation, variation, and transmission processes used by children in these schools in relation to the forms of musical play that are an integral part of their culture.
Kathryn Marsh
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195308983
- eISBN:
- 9780199863884
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195308983.003.0004
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter examines the socio-cultural contexts of children's playground singing games in Australia, Norway, England, Korea, and the United States. School organization and characteristics of the ...
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This chapter examines the socio-cultural contexts of children's playground singing games in Australia, Norway, England, Korea, and the United States. School organization and characteristics of the school community, particularly in regard to ethnicity, are outlined. In Australian schools, social conditions such as attendance, nutrition, and the development of English literacy skills have a significant effect on children's behavior in the playground. In Australia as well as in England, Norway, and the United States, play clearly formed an essential part of school life, and musical play was a conspicuous component of playground activity among children.Less
This chapter examines the socio-cultural contexts of children's playground singing games in Australia, Norway, England, Korea, and the United States. School organization and characteristics of the school community, particularly in regard to ethnicity, are outlined. In Australian schools, social conditions such as attendance, nutrition, and the development of English literacy skills have a significant effect on children's behavior in the playground. In Australia as well as in England, Norway, and the United States, play clearly formed an essential part of school life, and musical play was a conspicuous component of playground activity among children.
Kathryn Marsh
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195308983
- eISBN:
- 9780199863884
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195308983.003.0005
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter looks at the influence of social grouping on the oral transmission and generation of children's playground singing games in schools. In particular, the role of social grouping in shaping ...
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This chapter looks at the influence of social grouping on the oral transmission and generation of children's playground singing games in schools. In particular, the role of social grouping in shaping and changing tradition and the relationship between transmission and generation in musical play are considered and children's own teaching and learning processes are described. Playground singing games, particularly clapping games, are generally performed by pairs or small groups. Usually these groups are made up of friends from the same school grade. Friendship groups may function as a whole group for game performances, with, for example, six performers participating concurrently in a performance, most frequently in ring formation but sometimes in a line arrangement. Singing games can take place in any area and seem to occupy small spaces, both in terms of place and time in the lives of the children who play them.Less
This chapter looks at the influence of social grouping on the oral transmission and generation of children's playground singing games in schools. In particular, the role of social grouping in shaping and changing tradition and the relationship between transmission and generation in musical play are considered and children's own teaching and learning processes are described. Playground singing games, particularly clapping games, are generally performed by pairs or small groups. Usually these groups are made up of friends from the same school grade. Friendship groups may function as a whole group for game performances, with, for example, six performers participating concurrently in a performance, most frequently in ring formation but sometimes in a line arrangement. Singing games can take place in any area and seem to occupy small spaces, both in terms of place and time in the lives of the children who play them.
Kathryn Marsh
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195308983
- eISBN:
- 9780199863884
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195308983.003.0006
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
One aspect of children's traditional forms of play that has most intrigued adults is the way in which a game is passed on from one child or group of children to another. In school playgrounds, ...
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One aspect of children's traditional forms of play that has most intrigued adults is the way in which a game is passed on from one child or group of children to another. In school playgrounds, children teach and learn games prolifically, so that games may be passed through a large population at quite remarkable speed. This chapter looks at conversations and experiences that give insight into the mechanisms of oral transmission and discusses examples of the transmission of playground games and other forms of musical play as observed in different schools. Perhaps the most illustrative metaphor used by children to describe the process of transmission is that of “catching” the games. The metaphor of catching the games pervades many of the children's descriptions of the way they teach and learn the games.Less
One aspect of children's traditional forms of play that has most intrigued adults is the way in which a game is passed on from one child or group of children to another. In school playgrounds, children teach and learn games prolifically, so that games may be passed through a large population at quite remarkable speed. This chapter looks at conversations and experiences that give insight into the mechanisms of oral transmission and discusses examples of the transmission of playground games and other forms of musical play as observed in different schools. Perhaps the most illustrative metaphor used by children to describe the process of transmission is that of “catching” the games. The metaphor of catching the games pervades many of the children's descriptions of the way they teach and learn the games.
Kathryn Marsh
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195308983
- eISBN:
- 9780199863884
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195308983.003.0007
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter examines the ways in which the tradition of singing games in a range of school playgrounds is changed through the influences of interethnic transmission, audiovisual and written media, ...
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This chapter examines the ways in which the tradition of singing games in a range of school playgrounds is changed through the influences of interethnic transmission, audiovisual and written media, classroom transmission, and material from other sources external to the school. Conditions that affect these processes of transmission are also discussed. One of the most important changes in performance practice that occurs during the transmission of games from one ethnic group to another in the playground is in the use of language. In one example, the freedom to perform games in unfamiliar languages may be attributable to the “psychological safety” provided by friendship groups. It is possible that children who are becoming bilingual may develop highly sophisticated listening skills that enable a more accurate oral transmission of text. What is clear is that transmission and variability are inseparably linked in musical play performed by children in the playground.Less
This chapter examines the ways in which the tradition of singing games in a range of school playgrounds is changed through the influences of interethnic transmission, audiovisual and written media, classroom transmission, and material from other sources external to the school. Conditions that affect these processes of transmission are also discussed. One of the most important changes in performance practice that occurs during the transmission of games from one ethnic group to another in the playground is in the use of language. In one example, the freedom to perform games in unfamiliar languages may be attributable to the “psychological safety” provided by friendship groups. It is possible that children who are becoming bilingual may develop highly sophisticated listening skills that enable a more accurate oral transmission of text. What is clear is that transmission and variability are inseparably linked in musical play performed by children in the playground.
Kathryn Marsh
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195308983
- eISBN:
- 9780199863884
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195308983.003.0008
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
The foregoing chapters have explored the interrelationship of oral transmission and generative practices in children's musical play in school playgrounds within its social context. While some ...
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The foregoing chapters have explored the interrelationship of oral transmission and generative practices in children's musical play in school playgrounds within its social context. While some variation is inadvertent, it is clear that children also use deliberate processes of innovation to vary game material for a range of different social and aesthetic purposes, in some cases creating entirely new compositions. This chapter looks at case studies of particular groups of children to investigate the compositional strategies enacted by playground performers in the context of their musical play. These strategies are compared with innovative processes found in other orally transmitted performance genres and then used to challenge a number of the assumptions and models pertaining to children's musical creativity. The “mystery” of children's playground composition in performance is considered by focusing on their statements regarding their innovation with respect to playground singing games and other forms of musical play.Less
The foregoing chapters have explored the interrelationship of oral transmission and generative practices in children's musical play in school playgrounds within its social context. While some variation is inadvertent, it is clear that children also use deliberate processes of innovation to vary game material for a range of different social and aesthetic purposes, in some cases creating entirely new compositions. This chapter looks at case studies of particular groups of children to investigate the compositional strategies enacted by playground performers in the context of their musical play. These strategies are compared with innovative processes found in other orally transmitted performance genres and then used to challenge a number of the assumptions and models pertaining to children's musical creativity. The “mystery” of children's playground composition in performance is considered by focusing on their statements regarding their innovation with respect to playground singing games and other forms of musical play.
Kathryn Marsh
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195308983
- eISBN:
- 9780199863884
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195308983.003.0009
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter examines creative strategies and forms of variation employed by children in terms of their musical play in school playgrounds through a detailed musical analysis of one singing game ...
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This chapter examines creative strategies and forms of variation employed by children in terms of their musical play in school playgrounds through a detailed musical analysis of one singing game genre, “Sar macka dora”. What is remarkable about Sar macka dora is the high level of textual variability between performances of the game and its definition by the performers in terms of movement characteristics rather than text. Another unique characteristic of this genre is its mode of oral transmission; unlike many other game genres, Sar macka dora is transmitted both by children in the playground and by teachers in the classroom. The interrelatedness of text, movement, melody, and rhythm is evident in game performances in all locations, as is children's willingness to innovate and to draw on influences both within and external to the playground for material with which to generate new play ideas.Less
This chapter examines creative strategies and forms of variation employed by children in terms of their musical play in school playgrounds through a detailed musical analysis of one singing game genre, “Sar macka dora”. What is remarkable about Sar macka dora is the high level of textual variability between performances of the game and its definition by the performers in terms of movement characteristics rather than text. Another unique characteristic of this genre is its mode of oral transmission; unlike many other game genres, Sar macka dora is transmitted both by children in the playground and by teachers in the classroom. The interrelatedness of text, movement, melody, and rhythm is evident in game performances in all locations, as is children's willingness to innovate and to draw on influences both within and external to the playground for material with which to generate new play ideas.
Cathal Kilcline
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781781382899
- eISBN:
- 9781789629323
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781781382899.003.0005
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
As a sport that originated in North America, basketball is a privileged site for the study of transatlantic sporting exchanges. In France, since the mid-1980s, basketball has evolved as a practice ...
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As a sport that originated in North America, basketball is a privileged site for the study of transatlantic sporting exchanges. In France, since the mid-1980s, basketball has evolved as a practice and spectacle in line with changes in the game in the United States, and particularly in the foremost professional league of the NBA. Particular attention is paid to the basketball craze of the early 1990s, when clothing companies and the NBA attracted a new public to the sport in France. This had consequences for the demographics of basketball, the meanings associated with the sport, the style of play, and ultimately for the game in America, as increasing numbers of non-American (and especially French) players now populate the NBA. Basketball emerges in this chapter as an important example of French responses to American-led commercialization of sport and American-led globalization more generally.Less
As a sport that originated in North America, basketball is a privileged site for the study of transatlantic sporting exchanges. In France, since the mid-1980s, basketball has evolved as a practice and spectacle in line with changes in the game in the United States, and particularly in the foremost professional league of the NBA. Particular attention is paid to the basketball craze of the early 1990s, when clothing companies and the NBA attracted a new public to the sport in France. This had consequences for the demographics of basketball, the meanings associated with the sport, the style of play, and ultimately for the game in America, as increasing numbers of non-American (and especially French) players now populate the NBA. Basketball emerges in this chapter as an important example of French responses to American-led commercialization of sport and American-led globalization more generally.
Cathal Kilcline
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781781382899
- eISBN:
- 9781789629323
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781781382899.003.0008
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
In France, conflicts over nationhood in a globalised world are refracted through competing visions and models of the role of sport in society. The first model holds that sport has intrinsic virtuous ...
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In France, conflicts over nationhood in a globalised world are refracted through competing visions and models of the role of sport in society. The first model holds that sport has intrinsic virtuous qualities and acts as a space for the development and performance of Republican values. This model contends that the sport should be organised by and for the people through the democratic institutions of the State. The second vision recognises sport as primarily a form of entertainment for the masses, dictated by television corporations and media outlets, with sports stars constructed primarily to further commercial imperatives. In the back-and-forth between these rival visions, a range of issues are played out in the sporting sphere, from France’s postcolonial heritage to its post-industrial future, through concerns over Americanisation, corporatisation, immigration and commemoration.Less
In France, conflicts over nationhood in a globalised world are refracted through competing visions and models of the role of sport in society. The first model holds that sport has intrinsic virtuous qualities and acts as a space for the development and performance of Republican values. This model contends that the sport should be organised by and for the people through the democratic institutions of the State. The second vision recognises sport as primarily a form of entertainment for the masses, dictated by television corporations and media outlets, with sports stars constructed primarily to further commercial imperatives. In the back-and-forth between these rival visions, a range of issues are played out in the sporting sphere, from France’s postcolonial heritage to its post-industrial future, through concerns over Americanisation, corporatisation, immigration and commemoration.
Robin Moore
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195179477
- eISBN:
- 9780199864638
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195179477.003.0008
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter begins by tracing the history of playgrounds and exploring the philosophies behind the changes. Two major themes emerge. First, playgrounds should be places where children can play ...
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This chapter begins by tracing the history of playgrounds and exploring the philosophies behind the changes. Two major themes emerge. First, playgrounds should be places where children can play without incurring serious injury. Second, playgrounds should be spaces that support healthy child development through the process of active play, learning, and exploration. With regard to playground safety, the chapter reviews trends in injuries and fatalities and presents prevention strategies. Finally, case studies of community-based efforts to create playgrounds and school parks that meet both sets of goals are discussed. Focusing on elementary schools serving children four-twelve years of age (prekindergarten to sixth grade), the chapter offers suggestions on how to optimize playgrounds as educational and developmental settings that are safe for all children.Less
This chapter begins by tracing the history of playgrounds and exploring the philosophies behind the changes. Two major themes emerge. First, playgrounds should be places where children can play without incurring serious injury. Second, playgrounds should be spaces that support healthy child development through the process of active play, learning, and exploration. With regard to playground safety, the chapter reviews trends in injuries and fatalities and presents prevention strategies. Finally, case studies of community-based efforts to create playgrounds and school parks that meet both sets of goals are discussed. Focusing on elementary schools serving children four-twelve years of age (prekindergarten to sixth grade), the chapter offers suggestions on how to optimize playgrounds as educational and developmental settings that are safe for all children.
Brian D. Bunk
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- January 2022
- ISBN:
- 9780252043888
- eISBN:
- 9780252052781
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252043888.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Sport and Leisure
The games of 1893 did not result in a boom in the number of women playing soccer. No clubs or competitions formed, and for the next decade there were no documented women’s games. By the early ...
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The games of 1893 did not result in a boom in the number of women playing soccer. No clubs or competitions formed, and for the next decade there were no documented women’s games. By the early twentieth century, soccer was viewed as a less physical and safer version of football. Soon, girls and young women across the country were playing soccer at playgrounds, high schools, and colleges. The chapter traces the growth of the sport among women and documents one of the earliest intercollegiate matches played in 1910. The chapter uses the story of Doris Clark and Helen Clark to illustrate some key points about the history of soccer in the United States. Women did not just play soccer, they were also administrators, coaches, and referees. The lives of the Clarks illustrate broader changes in attitudes toward women in sports, leading to more women participating in soccer, especially in schools.Less
The games of 1893 did not result in a boom in the number of women playing soccer. No clubs or competitions formed, and for the next decade there were no documented women’s games. By the early twentieth century, soccer was viewed as a less physical and safer version of football. Soon, girls and young women across the country were playing soccer at playgrounds, high schools, and colleges. The chapter traces the growth of the sport among women and documents one of the earliest intercollegiate matches played in 1910. The chapter uses the story of Doris Clark and Helen Clark to illustrate some key points about the history of soccer in the United States. Women did not just play soccer, they were also administrators, coaches, and referees. The lives of the Clarks illustrate broader changes in attitudes toward women in sports, leading to more women participating in soccer, especially in schools.
