Joan E. Cashin
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195053449
- eISBN:
- 9780199853861
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195053449.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
This book deals with the westward migration of the planter families of the seaboard South in the years before the Civil War. The book examines the decision of families to migrate, the effects ...
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This book deals with the westward migration of the planter families of the seaboard South in the years before the Civil War. The book examines the decision of families to migrate, the effects migration had on the family life of the planters, and the way old ties were maintained and new ones formed. The emphasis is on child-rearing and women's lives in the Old Southwest (Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana), and the book draws on rich archival sources to present moving portraits of individual women caught in the flux of change.Less
This book deals with the westward migration of the planter families of the seaboard South in the years before the Civil War. The book examines the decision of families to migrate, the effects migration had on the family life of the planters, and the way old ties were maintained and new ones formed. The emphasis is on child-rearing and women's lives in the Old Southwest (Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana), and the book draws on rich archival sources to present moving portraits of individual women caught in the flux of change.
Joan E Cashin
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195053449
- eISBN:
- 9780199853861
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195053449.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
The migration of planters' sons towards the Southwest has been one kind of dream derived from the aspiration to overcome the success of ancestors and elders, but with the transition of those who fled ...
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The migration of planters' sons towards the Southwest has been one kind of dream derived from the aspiration to overcome the success of ancestors and elders, but with the transition of those who fled in search of higher grounds came massive changes, not always good changes. Those who left the seaboard to establish their independence realized the importance of the family's resources in a volatile economy, as well as the things that kinship and similar relations could offer to help attain success. Over the years, a bad taste of independence gave some men in their new male role license to manipulate others. As for the planter women, migration was but a move towards looking back to the only life they had known. This book is a story of planter migration, the divisions between generations of planter men, their gender roles, family, and races in the seaboard and the Old Southwest.Less
The migration of planters' sons towards the Southwest has been one kind of dream derived from the aspiration to overcome the success of ancestors and elders, but with the transition of those who fled in search of higher grounds came massive changes, not always good changes. Those who left the seaboard to establish their independence realized the importance of the family's resources in a volatile economy, as well as the things that kinship and similar relations could offer to help attain success. Over the years, a bad taste of independence gave some men in their new male role license to manipulate others. As for the planter women, migration was but a move towards looking back to the only life they had known. This book is a story of planter migration, the divisions between generations of planter men, their gender roles, family, and races in the seaboard and the Old Southwest.
William E. Nelson
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195327281
- eISBN:
- 9780199870677
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195327281.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
Profit and the accumulation of wealth from tobacco became the aspiration of 17th-century Virginians. The replacement of the Virginia Company with royal government is best understood as an analogue to ...
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Profit and the accumulation of wealth from tobacco became the aspiration of 17th-century Virginians. The replacement of the Virginia Company with royal government is best understood as an analogue to a modern chapter eleven bankruptcy reorganization that facilitated investment in the colony from new sources, namely independent planters on the ground and merchants and other individuals in England who were willing to lend them money. To keep investment flowing, Virginia had two needs. The first was a reliable labor force, which was created by a law of servitude that combined rule-of-law features intended to induce Europeans to immigrate with harsh mechanisms of coercion contrived to insure that, once present in Virginia, they would work. The second was a law of debt, which was designed to encourage investors to advance money by promising them repayment.Less
Profit and the accumulation of wealth from tobacco became the aspiration of 17th-century Virginians. The replacement of the Virginia Company with royal government is best understood as an analogue to a modern chapter eleven bankruptcy reorganization that facilitated investment in the colony from new sources, namely independent planters on the ground and merchants and other individuals in England who were willing to lend them money. To keep investment flowing, Virginia had two needs. The first was a reliable labor force, which was created by a law of servitude that combined rule-of-law features intended to induce Europeans to immigrate with harsh mechanisms of coercion contrived to insure that, once present in Virginia, they would work. The second was a law of debt, which was designed to encourage investors to advance money by promising them repayment.
William E. Nelson
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195327281
- eISBN:
- 9780199870677
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195327281.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
Maryland was founded as a refuge for upper-class Roman Catholics, and its early law served their needs. Later, Puritans settled in Maryland, took control of its government, and attempted to impose ...
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Maryland was founded as a refuge for upper-class Roman Catholics, and its early law served their needs. Later, Puritans settled in Maryland, took control of its government, and attempted to impose New England law on the province. When Lord Baltimore, the Catholic proprietor, regained control, economic forces similar to those in Virginia pushed Maryland's planters to emulate the legal system of their southerly neighbor. The end result was that Maryland developed a common-law based legal order that focused on obtaining labor from servants, collecting debts, and thereby encouraging English investors to lend money to Maryland planters.Less
Maryland was founded as a refuge for upper-class Roman Catholics, and its early law served their needs. Later, Puritans settled in Maryland, took control of its government, and attempted to impose New England law on the province. When Lord Baltimore, the Catholic proprietor, regained control, economic forces similar to those in Virginia pushed Maryland's planters to emulate the legal system of their southerly neighbor. The end result was that Maryland developed a common-law based legal order that focused on obtaining labor from servants, collecting debts, and thereby encouraging English investors to lend money to Maryland planters.
Martin Ruef
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691162775
- eISBN:
- 9781400852642
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691162775.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
This chapter assesses whether the class structure of the South changed in the postbellum era and whether different individual and locational attributes predicted who would come to occupy preferred ...
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This chapter assesses whether the class structure of the South changed in the postbellum era and whether different individual and locational attributes predicted who would come to occupy preferred social positions. It suggests another source of categorical uncertainty during Reconstruction and beyond. While many Southern journalists and politicians celebrated the expansion of an entrepreneurial middle class at the time, this class actually declined numerically in the proverbial New South. Moreover, the “decaying” planter class was remarkably persistent, both in its dominance of the top of the wealth distribution and its involvement in the postwar industrialization of the region. The social categories of planters and middling Southerners that were deployed in popular discourse—and within the “New South Creed”—thus had little in common with the reality of class structure following the Civil War.Less
This chapter assesses whether the class structure of the South changed in the postbellum era and whether different individual and locational attributes predicted who would come to occupy preferred social positions. It suggests another source of categorical uncertainty during Reconstruction and beyond. While many Southern journalists and politicians celebrated the expansion of an entrepreneurial middle class at the time, this class actually declined numerically in the proverbial New South. Moreover, the “decaying” planter class was remarkably persistent, both in its dominance of the top of the wealth distribution and its involvement in the postwar industrialization of the region. The social categories of planters and middling Southerners that were deployed in popular discourse—and within the “New South Creed”—thus had little in common with the reality of class structure following the Civil War.
LARRY GRAGG
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199253890
- eISBN:
- 9780191719806
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199253890.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This final chapter shows the continuities of life on Barbados between the mid-17th century and the early 19th century, and in the process offers a reminder of the need to revise our interpretation of ...
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This final chapter shows the continuities of life on Barbados between the mid-17th century and the early 19th century, and in the process offers a reminder of the need to revise our interpretation of these colonial planters. They were more than brutal and reckless fortune seekers. Besides achieving great wealth, these settlers sought to live in a society that resembled, as far as a tropical slave society would permit, the England they had left behind.Less
This final chapter shows the continuities of life on Barbados between the mid-17th century and the early 19th century, and in the process offers a reminder of the need to revise our interpretation of these colonial planters. They were more than brutal and reckless fortune seekers. Besides achieving great wealth, these settlers sought to live in a society that resembled, as far as a tropical slave society would permit, the England they had left behind.
Douglas Hamilton
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719071829
- eISBN:
- 9781781702321
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719071829.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
This book is wholly devoted to assessing the array of links between Scotland and the Caribbean in the later eighteenth century. It uses a wide range of archival sources to paint a detailed picture of ...
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This book is wholly devoted to assessing the array of links between Scotland and the Caribbean in the later eighteenth century. It uses a wide range of archival sources to paint a detailed picture of the lives of thousands of Scots who sought fortunes and opportunities, as Burns wrote, ‘across th' Atlantic roar’. The book outlines the range of their occupations as planters, merchants, slave owners, doctors, overseers and politicians, and shows how Caribbean connections affected Scottish society during the period of ‘improvement’. The book highlights the Scots' reinvention of the system of clanship to structure their social relations in the empire and finds that involvement in the Caribbean also bound Scots and English together in a shared Atlantic imperial enterprise and played a key role in the emergence of the British nation and the Atlantic world.Less
This book is wholly devoted to assessing the array of links between Scotland and the Caribbean in the later eighteenth century. It uses a wide range of archival sources to paint a detailed picture of the lives of thousands of Scots who sought fortunes and opportunities, as Burns wrote, ‘across th' Atlantic roar’. The book outlines the range of their occupations as planters, merchants, slave owners, doctors, overseers and politicians, and shows how Caribbean connections affected Scottish society during the period of ‘improvement’. The book highlights the Scots' reinvention of the system of clanship to structure their social relations in the empire and finds that involvement in the Caribbean also bound Scots and English together in a shared Atlantic imperial enterprise and played a key role in the emergence of the British nation and the Atlantic world.
John Lonsdale
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199297672
- eISBN:
- 9780191594335
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199297672.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
Kenya's settlers were tiny in number, always one‐third the immigrant Indian population whose interests first thwarted settler ambitions. And settlers were always divided, between farmer and planter, ...
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Kenya's settlers were tiny in number, always one‐third the immigrant Indian population whose interests first thwarted settler ambitions. And settlers were always divided, between farmer and planter, country and town, aristocrat and poor white. Half remained transient throughout British rule, spending five years or less in Kenya, in lives that were more imperial than colonial. Their relations with the African majority were similarly diverse and changing. Whites could meet neither of their contradictory ambitions, to be either a segregated race or the national leaders of a multiracial community. The demands of each alternative made both impossible. In particular, white leadership of African troops against the empire's enemies in both world wars incurred unwelcome debts to Africans. As the frontier of African politics advanced towards independence so most whites retreated to the English home counties, having failed to establish their segregated counterpart on the equator.Less
Kenya's settlers were tiny in number, always one‐third the immigrant Indian population whose interests first thwarted settler ambitions. And settlers were always divided, between farmer and planter, country and town, aristocrat and poor white. Half remained transient throughout British rule, spending five years or less in Kenya, in lives that were more imperial than colonial. Their relations with the African majority were similarly diverse and changing. Whites could meet neither of their contradictory ambitions, to be either a segregated race or the national leaders of a multiracial community. The demands of each alternative made both impossible. In particular, white leadership of African troops against the empire's enemies in both world wars incurred unwelcome debts to Africans. As the frontier of African politics advanced towards independence so most whites retreated to the English home counties, having failed to establish their segregated counterpart on the equator.
Margaret Jones
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199297672
- eISBN:
- 9780191594335
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199297672.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
The shifting and various identities of both official and unofficial members of the British community in Ceylon (Sri Lanka) are explored in this chapter and are revealed to change according to time, ...
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The shifting and various identities of both official and unofficial members of the British community in Ceylon (Sri Lanka) are explored in this chapter and are revealed to change according to time, place, class, and gender. Planter and administrator shared a common British identity exemplified in the need to differentiate themselves from the indigenous population through such things as dress codes, food, leisure activities all institutionalized in those most iconic symbols of colonial life – the club and hill station. This common identity did not, however, preclude conflict over competing interests and perceptions. The life of British nurses and that of planters' wives and daughters illustrate that what it meant to be white, British and female similarly diverged. Ceylon's long period of decolonization further challenged this constructed and imagined identity. What it meant to be British and colonial is shown to be ambiguous and ever changing.Less
The shifting and various identities of both official and unofficial members of the British community in Ceylon (Sri Lanka) are explored in this chapter and are revealed to change according to time, place, class, and gender. Planter and administrator shared a common British identity exemplified in the need to differentiate themselves from the indigenous population through such things as dress codes, food, leisure activities all institutionalized in those most iconic symbols of colonial life – the club and hill station. This common identity did not, however, preclude conflict over competing interests and perceptions. The life of British nurses and that of planters' wives and daughters illustrate that what it meant to be white, British and female similarly diverged. Ceylon's long period of decolonization further challenged this constructed and imagined identity. What it meant to be British and colonial is shown to be ambiguous and ever changing.
Drew A Swanson
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780300191165
- eISBN:
- 9780300206814
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300191165.001.0001
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Nature
This book presents an “environmental” history about a crop of great historical and economic significance: American tobacco. A preferred agricultural product for much of the South, the tobacco plant ...
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This book presents an “environmental” history about a crop of great historical and economic significance: American tobacco. A preferred agricultural product for much of the South, the tobacco plant would ultimately degrade the land that nurtured it, but as the book provocatively argues, the choice of crop initially made perfect agrarian as well as financial sense for southern planters. This book explores how one attempt at agricultural permanence went seriously awry. It weaves together social, agricultural, and cultural history of the Piedmont region and illustrates how ideas about race and landscape management became entangled under slavery and afterward. Challenging long-held perceptions, this study examines not only the material relationships that connected crop, land, and people but also the justifications that encouraged tobacco farming in the region.Less
This book presents an “environmental” history about a crop of great historical and economic significance: American tobacco. A preferred agricultural product for much of the South, the tobacco plant would ultimately degrade the land that nurtured it, but as the book provocatively argues, the choice of crop initially made perfect agrarian as well as financial sense for southern planters. This book explores how one attempt at agricultural permanence went seriously awry. It weaves together social, agricultural, and cultural history of the Piedmont region and illustrates how ideas about race and landscape management became entangled under slavery and afterward. Challenging long-held perceptions, this study examines not only the material relationships that connected crop, land, and people but also the justifications that encouraged tobacco farming in the region.
Daphna Erdinast-Vulcan
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198184997
- eISBN:
- 9780191674426
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198184997.003.0008
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism, European Literature
Closely related to Conrad's treatment of romance and the generic schizophrenia in his work is the ‘Woman Question’, which is also related to the inscription of subjectivity and the dynamics of ...
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Closely related to Conrad's treatment of romance and the generic schizophrenia in his work is the ‘Woman Question’, which is also related to the inscription of subjectivity and the dynamics of writing. This chapter deals with ‘The Planter of Malata’, written at about the point which critics mark as the onset of Conrad's ‘decline’, and with ‘The Tale’, written near the end of his writing career. The analysis offered here is psycho-textual rather than psychoanalytic. In both stories, Masculinity is defined in relation to a Feminine Otherness; both seem to revolve on questions of reality and fiction, truth and lies, facts and illusion — turning the gender conflict into an epistemic struggle. The discussion argues that both of these stories are ultimately about the encounter of authorial subjectivity with its own blind spot.Less
Closely related to Conrad's treatment of romance and the generic schizophrenia in his work is the ‘Woman Question’, which is also related to the inscription of subjectivity and the dynamics of writing. This chapter deals with ‘The Planter of Malata’, written at about the point which critics mark as the onset of Conrad's ‘decline’, and with ‘The Tale’, written near the end of his writing career. The analysis offered here is psycho-textual rather than psychoanalytic. In both stories, Masculinity is defined in relation to a Feminine Otherness; both seem to revolve on questions of reality and fiction, truth and lies, facts and illusion — turning the gender conflict into an epistemic struggle. The discussion argues that both of these stories are ultimately about the encounter of authorial subjectivity with its own blind spot.
Brenda E. Stevenson
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195118032
- eISBN:
- 9780199853793
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195118032.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
This book provides a panoramic portrait of family and community life in and around Loudoun County, Virginia—weaving the fascinating personal stories of planters and slaves, of free blacks and ...
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This book provides a panoramic portrait of family and community life in and around Loudoun County, Virginia—weaving the fascinating personal stories of planters and slaves, of free blacks and poor-to-middling whites, into a powerful portrait of southern society from the mid-18th century to the Civil War. Loudoun County's most illustrious families—the Lees, Masons, Carters, Monroes, and Peytons—helped forge southern traditions and attitudes that became characteristic of the entire region while mingling with yeoman farmers of German, Scotch-Irish, and Irish descent, and free black families who lived alongside abolitionist Quakers and thousands of slaves. The book builds the complex picture of their intertwined lives, revealing how their combined histories guaranteed Loudon's role in important state, regional, and national events and controversies. Both the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution, for example, were hidden at a local plantation during the War of 1812 The area also was the birthplace of celebrated fugitive slave Daniel Dangerfield, the home of John Janney, chairman of the Virginia secession convention, a center for Underground Railroad activities, and the location of John Brown's infamous 1859 raid at Harpers Ferry. The book breaks new ground in her depiction of slave family life. Following the lead of historian Herbert Gutman, most scholars have accepted the idea that, like whites, slaves embraced the nuclear family, both as a living reality and an ideal. The book destroys this notion, showing that the harsh realities of slavery allowed little possibility of a nuclear family. Far more important were extended kin networks and female headed households.Less
This book provides a panoramic portrait of family and community life in and around Loudoun County, Virginia—weaving the fascinating personal stories of planters and slaves, of free blacks and poor-to-middling whites, into a powerful portrait of southern society from the mid-18th century to the Civil War. Loudoun County's most illustrious families—the Lees, Masons, Carters, Monroes, and Peytons—helped forge southern traditions and attitudes that became characteristic of the entire region while mingling with yeoman farmers of German, Scotch-Irish, and Irish descent, and free black families who lived alongside abolitionist Quakers and thousands of slaves. The book builds the complex picture of their intertwined lives, revealing how their combined histories guaranteed Loudon's role in important state, regional, and national events and controversies. Both the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution, for example, were hidden at a local plantation during the War of 1812 The area also was the birthplace of celebrated fugitive slave Daniel Dangerfield, the home of John Janney, chairman of the Virginia secession convention, a center for Underground Railroad activities, and the location of John Brown's infamous 1859 raid at Harpers Ferry. The book breaks new ground in her depiction of slave family life. Following the lead of historian Herbert Gutman, most scholars have accepted the idea that, like whites, slaves embraced the nuclear family, both as a living reality and an ideal. The book destroys this notion, showing that the harsh realities of slavery allowed little possibility of a nuclear family. Far more important were extended kin networks and female headed households.
Joan E. Cashin
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195053449
- eISBN:
- 9780199853861
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195053449.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
Migration is defined by the transition of people from one specific geographical area to another. Within the process of this transfer from border to border, a lot of changes is to be undergone in all ...
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Migration is defined by the transition of people from one specific geographical area to another. Within the process of this transfer from border to border, a lot of changes is to be undergone in all aspects of life, challenging ones capability to adapt in order to survive. This book is about the profoundly different ways that planter men and women experienced migration from the Southern seaboard to the frontiers of the Old Southwest in the years between 1810 and 1860, where the heightened sexual inequality and altered sex roles experienced within the family upon migration were revealed. It is as concerned with change over geographic space as it is with change over time, discussing a rich historiography regarding the planter family, women's history, the modernization of Southern society, and the American frontier from the personal testimonies of planter men, women, and their slaves.Less
Migration is defined by the transition of people from one specific geographical area to another. Within the process of this transfer from border to border, a lot of changes is to be undergone in all aspects of life, challenging ones capability to adapt in order to survive. This book is about the profoundly different ways that planter men and women experienced migration from the Southern seaboard to the frontiers of the Old Southwest in the years between 1810 and 1860, where the heightened sexual inequality and altered sex roles experienced within the family upon migration were revealed. It is as concerned with change over geographic space as it is with change over time, discussing a rich historiography regarding the planter family, women's history, the modernization of Southern society, and the American frontier from the personal testimonies of planter men, women, and their slaves.
Joan E Cashin
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195053449
- eISBN:
- 9780199853861
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195053449.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
The years between 1820 and 1830 in the West offered diminishing opportunities for the young men living in this humble place. With the changing environment, the new generation learned to formulate a ...
More
The years between 1820 and 1830 in the West offered diminishing opportunities for the young men living in this humble place. With the changing environment, the new generation learned to formulate a new set of social values far different from their ancestors, that was to become independent from family and to embrace individualism, competition, and risk-taking. This era also embraced a new identity for the male role, that the fulfillment of a man's personal goals was attained at the expense of his existing obligations to others as he set off to meet greener pastures in the Southwest. This chapter shows the drive that sprung in the character of planter men's sons to leave home eliminating the traditional pact between generations with the belief that success was nowhere to be found in the seaboard. Migration then opened a lot of issues inside the members of the planter family and the seaboard.Less
The years between 1820 and 1830 in the West offered diminishing opportunities for the young men living in this humble place. With the changing environment, the new generation learned to formulate a new set of social values far different from their ancestors, that was to become independent from family and to embrace individualism, competition, and risk-taking. This era also embraced a new identity for the male role, that the fulfillment of a man's personal goals was attained at the expense of his existing obligations to others as he set off to meet greener pastures in the Southwest. This chapter shows the drive that sprung in the character of planter men's sons to leave home eliminating the traditional pact between generations with the belief that success was nowhere to be found in the seaboard. Migration then opened a lot of issues inside the members of the planter family and the seaboard.
Joan E Cashin
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195053449
- eISBN:
- 9780199853861
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195053449.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
As migration became the new measurement of a planter's son's success, planter men, women, and their slaves went on the journey towards the Southwest. Though they have moved from border to border ...
More
As migration became the new measurement of a planter's son's success, planter men, women, and their slaves went on the journey towards the Southwest. Though they have moved from border to border together, the experience of leaving home and starting anew far from home and family felt different for each of them. This chapter discusses the effects of migration on the members of the planter family from the moment of departure of the young men, their experiences as they went along the journey towards their dreams of success, their arrival and settlement in the new land, as well as the difficulties they encountered with the challenges of a new home. Men retained their decision-making power as the head of the family upon the transition, while women and slaves lived a life filled with more despair and sorrow.Less
As migration became the new measurement of a planter's son's success, planter men, women, and their slaves went on the journey towards the Southwest. Though they have moved from border to border together, the experience of leaving home and starting anew far from home and family felt different for each of them. This chapter discusses the effects of migration on the members of the planter family from the moment of departure of the young men, their experiences as they went along the journey towards their dreams of success, their arrival and settlement in the new land, as well as the difficulties they encountered with the challenges of a new home. Men retained their decision-making power as the head of the family upon the transition, while women and slaves lived a life filled with more despair and sorrow.
Robert Beverley
Susan Scott Parrish (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781469607948
- eISBN:
- 9781469607962
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9781469607955_Beverley
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This book was written and published in London in 1705, one of the earliest printed English-language histories about North America by an author born there. Like his brother-in-law William Byrd II, the ...
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This book was written and published in London in 1705, one of the earliest printed English-language histories about North America by an author born there. Like his brother-in-law William Byrd II, the author of this book Robert Beverley was a scion of Virginia's planter elite, personally ambitious and at odds with royal governors in the colony. As a native-born American—most famously claiming “I am an Indian”—he provided English readers with the first thoroughgoing account of the province's past, natural history, Indians, and current politics and society. This new edition situates the author and his book in the context of the metropolitan-provincial political and cultural issues of his day and explores the many contradictions embedded in his narrative.Less
This book was written and published in London in 1705, one of the earliest printed English-language histories about North America by an author born there. Like his brother-in-law William Byrd II, the author of this book Robert Beverley was a scion of Virginia's planter elite, personally ambitious and at odds with royal governors in the colony. As a native-born American—most famously claiming “I am an Indian”—he provided English readers with the first thoroughgoing account of the province's past, natural history, Indians, and current politics and society. This new edition situates the author and his book in the context of the metropolitan-provincial political and cultural issues of his day and explores the many contradictions embedded in his narrative.
William A. Green
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202783
- eISBN:
- 9780191675515
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202783.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter focuses on the practice of apprenticeship, which in theory was a strategic move to the advancement of European society. Theoretically, apprenticeship during British rule was designed to ...
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This chapter focuses on the practice of apprenticeship, which in theory was a strategic move to the advancement of European society. Theoretically, apprenticeship during British rule was designed to mould the thinking of the apprentices to encourage the habit of industry, to build churches, and to establish social patterns that would encourage freedmen to stay in settled estate villages when the system ended. It also allowed the orderly preparation of a legal system that would replace the discarded slavery codes. Apprenticeship also allowed time for the establishment of colonial banking, which would meet the demands of a free plantation economy as well, as it allowed the Treasury to correct monetary problems and supply the colonists with coinage for the wages of the free labourers. In addition, the practice also allowed the planters to introduce and try new equipment, as well as new methods of labour management, before the awarding of full freedom. In practice, however, only a few of the strategic advances offered by the apprenticeship were realized. The much-needed reconciliation and compromise did not take place. The slaves wanted complete freedom, not apprenticeship, while the planters resented the loss of arbitrary power and the threat of the disintegration of the system that afforded them the highest rank and authority. Spurred by the discontent of both parties, the system of apprenticeship dissolved even before the British law reached its maturity. While gathering the examples presented by the labour system and apprenticeship in Jamaica, the core focus of this chapter is on the major West Indian colonies of Barbados, British Guiana, and Trinidad.Less
This chapter focuses on the practice of apprenticeship, which in theory was a strategic move to the advancement of European society. Theoretically, apprenticeship during British rule was designed to mould the thinking of the apprentices to encourage the habit of industry, to build churches, and to establish social patterns that would encourage freedmen to stay in settled estate villages when the system ended. It also allowed the orderly preparation of a legal system that would replace the discarded slavery codes. Apprenticeship also allowed time for the establishment of colonial banking, which would meet the demands of a free plantation economy as well, as it allowed the Treasury to correct monetary problems and supply the colonists with coinage for the wages of the free labourers. In addition, the practice also allowed the planters to introduce and try new equipment, as well as new methods of labour management, before the awarding of full freedom. In practice, however, only a few of the strategic advances offered by the apprenticeship were realized. The much-needed reconciliation and compromise did not take place. The slaves wanted complete freedom, not apprenticeship, while the planters resented the loss of arbitrary power and the threat of the disintegration of the system that afforded them the highest rank and authority. Spurred by the discontent of both parties, the system of apprenticeship dissolved even before the British law reached its maturity. While gathering the examples presented by the labour system and apprenticeship in Jamaica, the core focus of this chapter is on the major West Indian colonies of Barbados, British Guiana, and Trinidad.
Justin Willis
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203209
- eISBN:
- 9780191675782
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203209.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter describes the shortage of labour on the coast, which was a constant complaint of private and government employers from the time of the Imperial British East Africa Company onwards. The ...
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This chapter describes the shortage of labour on the coast, which was a constant complaint of private and government employers from the time of the Imperial British East Africa Company onwards. The number of European planters and planting companies tried plantation on the coast but they complained bitterly of both the shortage of labour and the unreliability of such labour as was obtainable. Government building projects were also hampered, the Public Works department took over construction of a new rail spur in Mombasa, and it had to import indentured Indian labour for the purpose. Wages in Mombasa became and remained highest in the Protectorate. Freed slaves bore the brunt of official displeasure for their failure to turn out to work but attention soon turned to the Nyika.Less
This chapter describes the shortage of labour on the coast, which was a constant complaint of private and government employers from the time of the Imperial British East Africa Company onwards. The number of European planters and planting companies tried plantation on the coast but they complained bitterly of both the shortage of labour and the unreliability of such labour as was obtainable. Government building projects were also hampered, the Public Works department took over construction of a new rail spur in Mombasa, and it had to import indentured Indian labour for the purpose. Wages in Mombasa became and remained highest in the Protectorate. Freed slaves bore the brunt of official displeasure for their failure to turn out to work but attention soon turned to the Nyika.
James Raven
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202370
- eISBN:
- 9780191675300
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202370.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Economic History
This chapter examines the increasing resentment against the social and political aspirations of businessmen in the late 18th century, as reflected in popular literature. These depictions focused on ...
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This chapter examines the increasing resentment against the social and political aspirations of businessmen in the late 18th century, as reflected in popular literature. These depictions focused on three arriviste types: planters, manufacturers, and nabobs. Both the speed and the extent of social advancement were emphasized by novelists and magazine contributors. Sudden social climbing was portrayed as deceitful and dangerous, and writers touched upon many of the concerns discussed so far — the social and financial fears of luxury and fashion, the establishment of standards of taste, and the preservation of traditional features of status. Underpinning such contributions was the need to create a saleable cause to explain ills and to broadcast a simple, positive message. Many arguments were interwoven: their impact depended upon their interconnectedness and their confusion. By far the greatest attention was given to self-made men returning after service with the East India Company.Less
This chapter examines the increasing resentment against the social and political aspirations of businessmen in the late 18th century, as reflected in popular literature. These depictions focused on three arriviste types: planters, manufacturers, and nabobs. Both the speed and the extent of social advancement were emphasized by novelists and magazine contributors. Sudden social climbing was portrayed as deceitful and dangerous, and writers touched upon many of the concerns discussed so far — the social and financial fears of luxury and fashion, the establishment of standards of taste, and the preservation of traditional features of status. Underpinning such contributions was the need to create a saleable cause to explain ills and to broadcast a simple, positive message. Many arguments were interwoven: their impact depended upon their interconnectedness and their confusion. By far the greatest attention was given to self-made men returning after service with the East India Company.
Tom Cutterham
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780691172668
- eISBN:
- 9781400885213
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691172668.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
In the years between the Revolutionary War and the drafting of the Constitution, American gentlemen—the merchants, lawyers, planters, and landowners who comprised the independent republic's ...
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In the years between the Revolutionary War and the drafting of the Constitution, American gentlemen—the merchants, lawyers, planters, and landowners who comprised the independent republic's elite—worked hard to maintain their positions of power. This book shows how their struggles over status, hierarchy, property, and control shaped the ideologies and institutions of the fledgling nation. The book examines how, facing pressure from populist movements as well as the threat of foreign empires, these gentlemen argued among themselves to find new ways of justifying economic and political inequality in a republican society. At the heart of their ideology was a regime of property and contract rights derived from the norms of international commerce and eighteenth-century jurisprudence. But these gentlemen were not concerned with property alone. They also sought personal prestige and cultural preeminence. The book describes how, painting the egalitarian freedom of the republic's “lower sort” as dangerous licentiousness, they constructed a vision of proper social order around their own fantasies of power and justice. In pamphlets, speeches, letters, and poetry, they argued that the survival of the republican experiment in the United States depended on the leadership of worthy gentlemen and the obedience of everyone else. The book demonstrates how these elites, far from giving up their attachment to gentility and privilege, recast the new republic in their own image.Less
In the years between the Revolutionary War and the drafting of the Constitution, American gentlemen—the merchants, lawyers, planters, and landowners who comprised the independent republic's elite—worked hard to maintain their positions of power. This book shows how their struggles over status, hierarchy, property, and control shaped the ideologies and institutions of the fledgling nation. The book examines how, facing pressure from populist movements as well as the threat of foreign empires, these gentlemen argued among themselves to find new ways of justifying economic and political inequality in a republican society. At the heart of their ideology was a regime of property and contract rights derived from the norms of international commerce and eighteenth-century jurisprudence. But these gentlemen were not concerned with property alone. They also sought personal prestige and cultural preeminence. The book describes how, painting the egalitarian freedom of the republic's “lower sort” as dangerous licentiousness, they constructed a vision of proper social order around their own fantasies of power and justice. In pamphlets, speeches, letters, and poetry, they argued that the survival of the republican experiment in the United States depended on the leadership of worthy gentlemen and the obedience of everyone else. The book demonstrates how these elites, far from giving up their attachment to gentility and privilege, recast the new republic in their own image.
