Jacob T. Levy
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198297123
- eISBN:
- 9780191599767
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198297122.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
Examines symbolic ethnic politics: the politics of place names, group names, national symbols, official apologies, and other matters that do not affect the rights or resources of any particular ...
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Examines symbolic ethnic politics: the politics of place names, group names, national symbols, official apologies, and other matters that do not affect the rights or resources of any particular persons. Such symbolism is important in ethnic politics, and a theory with nothing to say about it is unsatisfactory. Disputes over symbolic issues, however, are poorly suited to compromise and easily escalate into rallying points for wider conflicts. In addition, it is often impossible to meet the symbolic demands of all groups simultaneously. The chief constraint on symbolic politics should be non‐humiliation and the avoidance of the celebration of past injustices and violence, a standard that can be met for all groups simultaneously. Official apologies in particular are considered at length; they are defended against the charges of collective guilt and anachronism, but are found to be limited by considerations including the passage of time and institutional discontinuities.Less
Examines symbolic ethnic politics: the politics of place names, group names, national symbols, official apologies, and other matters that do not affect the rights or resources of any particular persons. Such symbolism is important in ethnic politics, and a theory with nothing to say about it is unsatisfactory. Disputes over symbolic issues, however, are poorly suited to compromise and easily escalate into rallying points for wider conflicts. In addition, it is often impossible to meet the symbolic demands of all groups simultaneously. The chief constraint on symbolic politics should be non‐humiliation and the avoidance of the celebration of past injustices and violence, a standard that can be met for all groups simultaneously. Official apologies in particular are considered at length; they are defended against the charges of collective guilt and anachronism, but are found to be limited by considerations including the passage of time and institutional discontinuities.
P. M. Fraser
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197264287
- eISBN:
- 9780191753978
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264287.003.0009
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter discusses ambiguous and individual variable ethnics. Although differentiated and ambiguous, place-names and their ethnics are especially a feature of the Hellenistic age, the phenomenon ...
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This chapter discusses ambiguous and individual variable ethnics. Although differentiated and ambiguous, place-names and their ethnics are especially a feature of the Hellenistic age, the phenomenon is also associated with some of the earliest of Greek cities. The phraseology used to differentiate the homonymous cities themselves varied slightly in both literary and epigraphical texts in one of three ways: (a) by the use of the regional ktetic or ethnic; (b) by the use of the genitive of the city or region; (c) by the use of prepositions.Less
This chapter discusses ambiguous and individual variable ethnics. Although differentiated and ambiguous, place-names and their ethnics are especially a feature of the Hellenistic age, the phenomenon is also associated with some of the earliest of Greek cities. The phraseology used to differentiate the homonymous cities themselves varied slightly in both literary and epigraphical texts in one of three ways: (a) by the use of the regional ktetic or ethnic; (b) by the use of the genitive of the city or region; (c) by the use of prepositions.
Jayne Carroll, Andrew Reynolds, and Barbara Yorke
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780197266588
- eISBN:
- 9780191896040
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266588.003.0001
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
This chapter provides an interdisciplinary, scene-setting review of the current state of knowledge in the field of early medieval social complexity and sets out an agenda for future work in this ...
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This chapter provides an interdisciplinary, scene-setting review of the current state of knowledge in the field of early medieval social complexity and sets out an agenda for future work in this topical area. While much previous work in this field tends to focus on comparisons with the classical world, this contribution emphasises the uniqueness of early medieval modes of social organisation. Introductions are provided to the study of geographies of power through archaeological analyses, vocabularies of power drawing on place-name evidence and notions of law and its enactment at assembly sites from written sources. It is argued that places where power was enacted in a period of non-urban social and administrative complexity must be understood on their own terms. The robusticity and flexibility of early medieval networks of power is also emphasised in the context of a comparative discussion ranging across the European area.Less
This chapter provides an interdisciplinary, scene-setting review of the current state of knowledge in the field of early medieval social complexity and sets out an agenda for future work in this topical area. While much previous work in this field tends to focus on comparisons with the classical world, this contribution emphasises the uniqueness of early medieval modes of social organisation. Introductions are provided to the study of geographies of power through archaeological analyses, vocabularies of power drawing on place-name evidence and notions of law and its enactment at assembly sites from written sources. It is argued that places where power was enacted in a period of non-urban social and administrative complexity must be understood on their own terms. The robusticity and flexibility of early medieval networks of power is also emphasised in the context of a comparative discussion ranging across the European area.
John Baker
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780197266588
- eISBN:
- 9780191896040
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266588.003.0002
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
This chapter examines the likelihood that celebrated individuals were commemorated in the names of assembly sites as part of a display of political authority or cultural affiliation. Focusing ...
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This chapter examines the likelihood that celebrated individuals were commemorated in the names of assembly sites as part of a display of political authority or cultural affiliation. Focusing primarily on the names of Domesday hundreds, it draws comparisons with the personal names in other well-established Anglo-Saxon corpora (including charter bounds, narrative sources, Domesday Book and place-names), in order to assess the social context of those individuals commemorated in hundred-names. The chapter then evaluates the probability that such names could carry specific political or cultural resonance at the time of naming, and there are clear indications that this may sometimes have been the case, perhaps especially in the first half of the 10th century. While the evidence implies that the hundred-names arose in a number of different circumstances, the analysis suggests that reference to heroic figures may have been one motivating factor in the naming of sites of assembly.Less
This chapter examines the likelihood that celebrated individuals were commemorated in the names of assembly sites as part of a display of political authority or cultural affiliation. Focusing primarily on the names of Domesday hundreds, it draws comparisons with the personal names in other well-established Anglo-Saxon corpora (including charter bounds, narrative sources, Domesday Book and place-names), in order to assess the social context of those individuals commemorated in hundred-names. The chapter then evaluates the probability that such names could carry specific political or cultural resonance at the time of naming, and there are clear indications that this may sometimes have been the case, perhaps especially in the first half of the 10th century. While the evidence implies that the hundred-names arose in a number of different circumstances, the analysis suggests that reference to heroic figures may have been one motivating factor in the naming of sites of assembly.
John M. Anderson
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199297412
- eISBN:
- 9780191711176
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199297412.003.0009
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Theoretical Linguistics
Names include personal, place, family, generic, and numeral-based classes, among others. Among classes of names, simple personal names tend to be structurally simpler; other names more typically ...
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Names include personal, place, family, generic, and numeral-based classes, among others. Among classes of names, simple personal names tend to be structurally simpler; other names more typically retain their descriptive content, and thus derivational complexity. Names themselves can serve as bases for words of other classes. The formation may be nonce: it is not included in the lexicon but is coined for a particular occasion (the France I'm fond of). There are also name-based forms that involve sense or lexical knowledge, and can be lexicalized (Italian, based on a name that refers to a country, thus involving sense). Names may also be the base for formations relying on encyclopaedic knowledge concerning the fixed referent of the name (Wagnerian). Names thus participate in the derivational relationships as well in the syntactic structure of individual languages. Their use is no more a mere social (extra-linguistic) convention than any other aspect of language.Less
Names include personal, place, family, generic, and numeral-based classes, among others. Among classes of names, simple personal names tend to be structurally simpler; other names more typically retain their descriptive content, and thus derivational complexity. Names themselves can serve as bases for words of other classes. The formation may be nonce: it is not included in the lexicon but is coined for a particular occasion (the France I'm fond of). There are also name-based forms that involve sense or lexical knowledge, and can be lexicalized (Italian, based on a name that refers to a country, thus involving sense). Names may also be the base for formations relying on encyclopaedic knowledge concerning the fixed referent of the name (Wagnerian). Names thus participate in the derivational relationships as well in the syntactic structure of individual languages. Their use is no more a mere social (extra-linguistic) convention than any other aspect of language.
Margaret Gelling
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197262788
- eISBN:
- 9780191754210
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197262788.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Historiography
Ken Cameron FBA, Professor of English Language at the University of Nottingham, was a scholar of English place-names, specialising in names of Danish origin. He was Hon. Secretary of the English ...
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Ken Cameron FBA, Professor of English Language at the University of Nottingham, was a scholar of English place-names, specialising in names of Danish origin. He was Hon. Secretary of the English Place-Name Society and Hon. Director of the English Place-Name Survey. Obituary by Margaret Gelling FBA.Less
Ken Cameron FBA, Professor of English Language at the University of Nottingham, was a scholar of English place-names, specialising in names of Danish origin. He was Hon. Secretary of the English Place-Name Society and Hon. Director of the English Place-Name Survey. Obituary by Margaret Gelling FBA.
Christian Kay and Margaret Mackay
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748622818
- eISBN:
- 9780748653362
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748622818.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Scottish Studies
This book celebrates the rich diversity of the Scots language and the culture it embodies. It marks two important events in Scots language scholarship: the completion of the Dictionary of the Older ...
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This book celebrates the rich diversity of the Scots language and the culture it embodies. It marks two important events in Scots language scholarship: the completion of the Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue (DOST) in 2001 and the publication of its final volumes in 2002. The thirteen chapters that comprise the book cover many aspects of Scottish life as illuminated by the words used to describe it. The writers are linked by the fact that they have all made use of the wealth of information in DOST to advance their research. Their topics include the use of DOST in reading literature, in tracing the consumption of cereals and wine in early Scotland, in elucidating place names and terms used in shipping, building and measurement, and in defining such complex concepts as homicide and the role of ‘gossip’. Nor is the history and structure of the dictionary itself forgotten. There is a study of its development from its beginnings in the 1920s, together with biographical notes on its editors over the years. There are also chapters drawing comparisons with the Middle English Dictionary, the Linguistic Atlas of Older Scots and the proposed historical dictionary of Scottish Gaelic.Less
This book celebrates the rich diversity of the Scots language and the culture it embodies. It marks two important events in Scots language scholarship: the completion of the Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue (DOST) in 2001 and the publication of its final volumes in 2002. The thirteen chapters that comprise the book cover many aspects of Scottish life as illuminated by the words used to describe it. The writers are linked by the fact that they have all made use of the wealth of information in DOST to advance their research. Their topics include the use of DOST in reading literature, in tracing the consumption of cereals and wine in early Scotland, in elucidating place names and terms used in shipping, building and measurement, and in defining such complex concepts as homicide and the role of ‘gossip’. Nor is the history and structure of the dictionary itself forgotten. There is a study of its development from its beginnings in the 1920s, together with biographical notes on its editors over the years. There are also chapters drawing comparisons with the Middle English Dictionary, the Linguistic Atlas of Older Scots and the proposed historical dictionary of Scottish Gaelic.
Alfred P. Smyth
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198229896
- eISBN:
- 9780191678936
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198229896.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This chapter conducts an investigation to look for a late 10th-century writer who had an interest in biography and hagiography, and whose Latin prose showed strong Frankish influences in vocabulary ...
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This chapter conducts an investigation to look for a late 10th-century writer who had an interest in biography and hagiography, and whose Latin prose showed strong Frankish influences in vocabulary and hagiographical motifs, which is suggestive of an education either in Francia or at the hands of a Frankish master. It also seeks a writer whose Anglo-Latin mannerisms owed much to a long-established bombastic and convoluted prose style stretching back to Aldhelm in the 7th century, reinforced by hermeneutic usage imported from Fleury in the 10th. It emphasizes that the Pseudo-Asser's own personal ambition as a writer, far outstretched his ability to organize material or to sustain a coherent narrative free of irritating digressions. It also seeks for a writer with some knowledge of Old Welsh or Cornish, and who also had an interest in the etymology of place-names.Less
This chapter conducts an investigation to look for a late 10th-century writer who had an interest in biography and hagiography, and whose Latin prose showed strong Frankish influences in vocabulary and hagiographical motifs, which is suggestive of an education either in Francia or at the hands of a Frankish master. It also seeks a writer whose Anglo-Latin mannerisms owed much to a long-established bombastic and convoluted prose style stretching back to Aldhelm in the 7th century, reinforced by hermeneutic usage imported from Fleury in the 10th. It emphasizes that the Pseudo-Asser's own personal ambition as a writer, far outstretched his ability to organize material or to sustain a coherent narrative free of irritating digressions. It also seeks for a writer with some knowledge of Old Welsh or Cornish, and who also had an interest in the etymology of place-names.
Jon Stobart
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199577927
- eISBN:
- 9780191744884
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199577927.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, Economic History
This chapter examines the ways in which groceries were consumed, linking the practicalities of everyday activities with theorisations of consumer motivation. The chapter begins by critically ...
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This chapter examines the ways in which groceries were consumed, linking the practicalities of everyday activities with theorisations of consumer motivation. The chapter begins by critically examining novelty as a motivating factor, arguing that it is especially problematic in the context of groceries. Luxury is perhaps more useful, with its dual significance as a marker of distinction and as sensual pleasure, although ideas of utility and comfort better encapsulate the appeal of sugar, tea, etc. to the poor. A more nuanced reading of consumer practices is offered through analysing recipe books to assess changes in the use of groceries as ingredients. This chapter argues for strong continuities and against the idea that empire was an important point of culinary reference. The actual dining practices of various social groups confirm a strong conservatism, especially amongst the middling sorts who sought to create their own culinary identity rather than emulate elite practices.Less
This chapter examines the ways in which groceries were consumed, linking the practicalities of everyday activities with theorisations of consumer motivation. The chapter begins by critically examining novelty as a motivating factor, arguing that it is especially problematic in the context of groceries. Luxury is perhaps more useful, with its dual significance as a marker of distinction and as sensual pleasure, although ideas of utility and comfort better encapsulate the appeal of sugar, tea, etc. to the poor. A more nuanced reading of consumer practices is offered through analysing recipe books to assess changes in the use of groceries as ingredients. This chapter argues for strong continuities and against the idea that empire was an important point of culinary reference. The actual dining practices of various social groups confirm a strong conservatism, especially amongst the middling sorts who sought to create their own culinary identity rather than emulate elite practices.
Jon Stobart
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199577927
- eISBN:
- 9780191744884
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199577927.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, Economic History
This chapter considers the ways in which the stock of groceries available to English consumers was transformed during the course of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The overall context for ...
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This chapter considers the ways in which the stock of groceries available to English consumers was transformed during the course of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The overall context for reappraising the impact of new groceries on English retailing is laid out in terms of the shifting geography of supply and the growing importance of empire in provisioning English consumers. The chapter then assesses how far grocers were able to capitalise on demand for new imported goods, and the ways in which these helped to stimulate more general growth in retailing, as Shammas suggests. This chapter argues that grocers quickly came to dominate the provision of tea, coffee, etc. Lastly, the chapter examines the extent to which these goods carried associations of empire, and argues that imperial associations formed just one point of reference for the shopkeeper and consumer.Less
This chapter considers the ways in which the stock of groceries available to English consumers was transformed during the course of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The overall context for reappraising the impact of new groceries on English retailing is laid out in terms of the shifting geography of supply and the growing importance of empire in provisioning English consumers. The chapter then assesses how far grocers were able to capitalise on demand for new imported goods, and the ways in which these helped to stimulate more general growth in retailing, as Shammas suggests. This chapter argues that grocers quickly came to dominate the provision of tea, coffee, etc. Lastly, the chapter examines the extent to which these goods carried associations of empire, and argues that imperial associations formed just one point of reference for the shopkeeper and consumer.
Paul Hindle
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719085062
- eISBN:
- 9781526104267
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719085062.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature
This chapter opens by noting the growth of towns and trade in England in the medieval period, which required a fully functioning transport system, of which roads must have been the backbone, ...
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This chapter opens by noting the growth of towns and trade in England in the medieval period, which required a fully functioning transport system, of which roads must have been the backbone, supplemented by river and sea-borne trade. It then looks at the different sources available to attempt to describe the national medieval transport network. The first step is to see which Roman roads were still in use, and which later Anglo-Saxon and medieval roads had ‘made and maintained themselves’. Documentary evidence is limited and place-names need to be used with care. The best evidence lies in itineraries (notably those of the kings) and maps (principally the Gough Map). Archaeological evidence is also assessed.Less
This chapter opens by noting the growth of towns and trade in England in the medieval period, which required a fully functioning transport system, of which roads must have been the backbone, supplemented by river and sea-borne trade. It then looks at the different sources available to attempt to describe the national medieval transport network. The first step is to see which Roman roads were still in use, and which later Anglo-Saxon and medieval roads had ‘made and maintained themselves’. Documentary evidence is limited and place-names need to be used with care. The best evidence lies in itineraries (notably those of the kings) and maps (principally the Gough Map). Archaeological evidence is also assessed.
Mohamed A. H Ahmed
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474444439
- eISBN:
- 9781474476713
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474444439.003.0005
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter concludes the study with two sections. The first section discusses the employment of place as an iconic element in the nine Hebrew novels of the study, looking at the mutual relationship ...
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This chapter concludes the study with two sections. The first section discusses the employment of place as an iconic element in the nine Hebrew novels of the study, looking at the mutual relationship between the geographical location of the narrative setting and the use of Arabic in the novels. The second section constitutes a general summary of the book with its main results.Less
This chapter concludes the study with two sections. The first section discusses the employment of place as an iconic element in the nine Hebrew novels of the study, looking at the mutual relationship between the geographical location of the narrative setting and the use of Arabic in the novels. The second section constitutes a general summary of the book with its main results.
Susan Rennie
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199639403
- eISBN:
- 9780191741920
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199639403.003.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Lexicography, Historical Linguistics
This chapter provides a brief biography of Jamieson, describing his major publications and showing how various aspects of his life influenced, and were in turn affected by, his work on the ...
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This chapter provides a brief biography of Jamieson, describing his major publications and showing how various aspects of his life influenced, and were in turn affected by, his work on the Dictionary. In particular, the chapter describes Jamieson’s antiquarian and literary interests, including his early research on place names, his editions of Older Scots texts, and his own Scots poetry. It also discusses Jamieson’s friendship with Scott and other key figures who were to be influential in the development of the Dictionary.Less
This chapter provides a brief biography of Jamieson, describing his major publications and showing how various aspects of his life influenced, and were in turn affected by, his work on the Dictionary. In particular, the chapter describes Jamieson’s antiquarian and literary interests, including his early research on place names, his editions of Older Scots texts, and his own Scots poetry. It also discusses Jamieson’s friendship with Scott and other key figures who were to be influential in the development of the Dictionary.
Curbera Jaime
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780197265635
- eISBN:
- 9780191760372
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265635.003.0010
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics
Among the Asiatic Greeks almost every Greek word could be used to form a personal name. Resources for naming include plant names, place names and theophoric names. This chapter analyses a group of ...
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Among the Asiatic Greeks almost every Greek word could be used to form a personal name. Resources for naming include plant names, place names and theophoric names. This chapter analyses a group of names which are interesting because of their formation, meaning or origin (Ármalos, Dókkalos, Drábōn, Dōkeús, Heiamenós, Iddoúas and Kallóas, Kambalâs, Kápparis, Koíēs, Naódōros, Tónnios, Chrýsōros, Chrysēnios). The richness and colour of these onomastics, as shown in this small sample of names, has been a source of misinterpretations by scholars used to different naming styles.Less
Among the Asiatic Greeks almost every Greek word could be used to form a personal name. Resources for naming include plant names, place names and theophoric names. This chapter analyses a group of names which are interesting because of their formation, meaning or origin (Ármalos, Dókkalos, Drábōn, Dōkeús, Heiamenós, Iddoúas and Kallóas, Kambalâs, Kápparis, Koíēs, Naódōros, Tónnios, Chrýsōros, Chrysēnios). The richness and colour of these onomastics, as shown in this small sample of names, has been a source of misinterpretations by scholars used to different naming styles.
Jayne Carroll
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780197266724
- eISBN:
- 9780191916052
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266724.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This chapter asks what enquiries might reasonably be made of the place-name record in order to further our understanding (1) of movements to England in the medieval millennium, and (2) of the process ...
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This chapter asks what enquiries might reasonably be made of the place-name record in order to further our understanding (1) of movements to England in the medieval millennium, and (2) of the process by which incoming communities negotiated the process of acculturation, retaining or giving up identity traits—including language—which marked these groups as distinctive or coherent. A response to these broad questions is attempted through detailed methodological discussion and a focus on the place-names of Old Norse origin which arose as a result of Scandinavian activities in England, from the late ninth to eleventh centuries.Less
This chapter asks what enquiries might reasonably be made of the place-name record in order to further our understanding (1) of movements to England in the medieval millennium, and (2) of the process by which incoming communities negotiated the process of acculturation, retaining or giving up identity traits—including language—which marked these groups as distinctive or coherent. A response to these broad questions is attempted through detailed methodological discussion and a focus on the place-names of Old Norse origin which arose as a result of Scandinavian activities in England, from the late ninth to eleventh centuries.
Thomas Pickles
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- December 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198818779
- eISBN:
- 9780191859663
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198818779.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History, History of Religion
Inspired by studies of Carolingian Europe, Kingship, Society, and the Church in Anglo-Saxon Yorkshire argues that the social strategies of local kin groups drove conversion to Christianity and church ...
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Inspired by studies of Carolingian Europe, Kingship, Society, and the Church in Anglo-Saxon Yorkshire argues that the social strategies of local kin groups drove conversion to Christianity and church building in Yorkshire from AD 400 to 1066. It challenges an emphasis on the role and agency of Anglo-Saxon kings in conversion and church building. It moves forward debates surrounding the ‘minster hypothesis’ through an interdisciplinary case study. The kingdom of the Deirans stretched from the Humber to the Tees and the North Sea to the Pennines between 600 and 867. The Scandinavian kings at York probably established an administration for much of this area between 867 and 954. The West Saxon kings incorporated it into an English kingdom between 954 and 1066 and established the ‘shire’ from which the name Yorkshire derives. Members of Deiran kin groups faced uncertainties that predisposed them to consider conversion as a social strategy. Their decisions to convert produced a new social fraction—the ‘ecclesiastical aristocracy’—with a distinctive but fragile identity. The ‘ecclesiastical aristocracy’ transformed kingship, established a network of religious communities, and engaged in the conversion of the laity. The social and political instabilities produced by conversion along with the fragility of ecclesiastical identity resulted in the expropriation and reorganization of many religious communities. Nevertheless, the Scandinavian and West Saxon kings and their nobles allied with wealthy and influential archbishops of York, and there is evidence for the survival, revival, or foundation of religious communities as well as the establishment of local churches.Less
Inspired by studies of Carolingian Europe, Kingship, Society, and the Church in Anglo-Saxon Yorkshire argues that the social strategies of local kin groups drove conversion to Christianity and church building in Yorkshire from AD 400 to 1066. It challenges an emphasis on the role and agency of Anglo-Saxon kings in conversion and church building. It moves forward debates surrounding the ‘minster hypothesis’ through an interdisciplinary case study. The kingdom of the Deirans stretched from the Humber to the Tees and the North Sea to the Pennines between 600 and 867. The Scandinavian kings at York probably established an administration for much of this area between 867 and 954. The West Saxon kings incorporated it into an English kingdom between 954 and 1066 and established the ‘shire’ from which the name Yorkshire derives. Members of Deiran kin groups faced uncertainties that predisposed them to consider conversion as a social strategy. Their decisions to convert produced a new social fraction—the ‘ecclesiastical aristocracy’—with a distinctive but fragile identity. The ‘ecclesiastical aristocracy’ transformed kingship, established a network of religious communities, and engaged in the conversion of the laity. The social and political instabilities produced by conversion along with the fragility of ecclesiastical identity resulted in the expropriation and reorganization of many religious communities. Nevertheless, the Scandinavian and West Saxon kings and their nobles allied with wealthy and influential archbishops of York, and there is evidence for the survival, revival, or foundation of religious communities as well as the establishment of local churches.
Penny McCall Howard
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781784994143
- eISBN:
- 9781526128478
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781784994143.003.0003
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Global
The chapter focuses on human-environment relations. It begins with a description of how place names are used during a fishing trip, and how they are marked in digital GPS chartplotters and discussed ...
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The chapter focuses on human-environment relations. It begins with a description of how place names are used during a fishing trip, and how they are marked in digital GPS chartplotters and discussed amongst fishermen. Most of the names discussed are of places at sea not marked by anything visible from the sea’s surface. An account of the working day of a trawler fisherman shows how the intensive sociability of fishing skippers transcends their isolation on different boats. Discussions among skippers are focussed on the material results and affordances of fishing in places and names are generated in these discussions, reflecting Marnie’ Holborow’s Marxist analysis of language. The chapter builds on Tim Ingold’s analysis of place by demonstrating that place names reflect subjective the experience of working in them, as well as searing events of social history and changing fishing practices. An examination of places that are remembered but no longer in use shows that the same location can become a different place. The chapter concludes by emphasising how places are generated through conversations amongst people involved in developing their affordances, and how names for places incorporate many aspects of life experience and resonate through collective social experience.Less
The chapter focuses on human-environment relations. It begins with a description of how place names are used during a fishing trip, and how they are marked in digital GPS chartplotters and discussed amongst fishermen. Most of the names discussed are of places at sea not marked by anything visible from the sea’s surface. An account of the working day of a trawler fisherman shows how the intensive sociability of fishing skippers transcends their isolation on different boats. Discussions among skippers are focussed on the material results and affordances of fishing in places and names are generated in these discussions, reflecting Marnie’ Holborow’s Marxist analysis of language. The chapter builds on Tim Ingold’s analysis of place by demonstrating that place names reflect subjective the experience of working in them, as well as searing events of social history and changing fishing practices. An examination of places that are remembered but no longer in use shows that the same location can become a different place. The chapter concludes by emphasising how places are generated through conversations amongst people involved in developing their affordances, and how names for places incorporate many aspects of life experience and resonate through collective social experience.
W. F. H. Nicolaisen
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748622818
- eISBN:
- 9780748653362
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748622818.003.0009
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Scottish Studies
This chapter focuses on place names as evidence in the history of Scots. Specifically, it examines whether the place-name evidence contemporary with the lexical materials contained in the Dictionary ...
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This chapter focuses on place names as evidence in the history of Scots. Specifically, it examines whether the place-name evidence contemporary with the lexical materials contained in the Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue confirms the assumption that place names play an important role in elucidating language history. It begins by looking at a name which has been of considerable interest to the author, the name Falkirk.Less
This chapter focuses on place names as evidence in the history of Scots. Specifically, it examines whether the place-name evidence contemporary with the lexical materials contained in the Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue confirms the assumption that place names play an important role in elucidating language history. It begins by looking at a name which has been of considerable interest to the author, the name Falkirk.
Peter Mitchell
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198749233
- eISBN:
- 9780191916984
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198749233.003.0012
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Zooarchaeology
This chapter starts as the Roman Empire fragmented, encompasses the emergence of Christianity and Islam, and explores the donkey’s place in the history of the Middle ...
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This chapter starts as the Roman Empire fragmented, encompasses the emergence of Christianity and Islam, and explores the donkey’s place in the history of the Middle Ages, as well as what Fernand Braudel termed ‘the triumph of the mule’ in the ensuing early modern period from the fifteenth to the nineteenth centuries. Being closer in time to the present, historical documents are generally richer and more plentiful than for earlier periods, but archaeological excavations and surveys—especially of post-medieval sites and landscapes—are still undeveloped in many regions. Inevitably, therefore, what I present draws as much on textual sources as it does on them. I look first at the symbolic value of donkeys and mules in Christianity and Islam. Next, I consider their disappearance from some parts of Europe in the aftermath of Rome’s collapse and their re-expansion and persistence elsewhere. One aspect of this concerns their continuing contribution to agricultural production, another their consumption as food, a very un-Roman practice. A second theme showing continuities from previous centuries is their significance in facilitating trade and communication over both short and long distances. Tackling this requires inserting donkeys and mules into debates about how far pack animals replaced wheeled forms of transport as Late Antiquity gave way to the Middle Ages. Wide-ranging in time and space, this discussion also provides opportunities for exploring their role in human history in areas beyond those on which I have concentrated thus far. West Africa is one, the Silk Road networks linking China to Central Asia a second, and China’s southward connections into Southeast Asia a third. According to the New Testament Jesus entered Jerusalem on Palm Sunday seated on a donkey (Plate 20). The seventh-century apocryphal Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew also envisages donkeys carrying His mother to Bethlehem, being present at the Nativity, and conveying the Holy Family into temporary exile in Egypt. Donkeys thus framed both ends of Jesus’ life and, given their importance in moving people and goods in first-century Palestine, must have been a familiar sight. But the implications of their place in Christianity’s narrative were originally quite different from those that are generally understood today.
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This chapter starts as the Roman Empire fragmented, encompasses the emergence of Christianity and Islam, and explores the donkey’s place in the history of the Middle Ages, as well as what Fernand Braudel termed ‘the triumph of the mule’ in the ensuing early modern period from the fifteenth to the nineteenth centuries. Being closer in time to the present, historical documents are generally richer and more plentiful than for earlier periods, but archaeological excavations and surveys—especially of post-medieval sites and landscapes—are still undeveloped in many regions. Inevitably, therefore, what I present draws as much on textual sources as it does on them. I look first at the symbolic value of donkeys and mules in Christianity and Islam. Next, I consider their disappearance from some parts of Europe in the aftermath of Rome’s collapse and their re-expansion and persistence elsewhere. One aspect of this concerns their continuing contribution to agricultural production, another their consumption as food, a very un-Roman practice. A second theme showing continuities from previous centuries is their significance in facilitating trade and communication over both short and long distances. Tackling this requires inserting donkeys and mules into debates about how far pack animals replaced wheeled forms of transport as Late Antiquity gave way to the Middle Ages. Wide-ranging in time and space, this discussion also provides opportunities for exploring their role in human history in areas beyond those on which I have concentrated thus far. West Africa is one, the Silk Road networks linking China to Central Asia a second, and China’s southward connections into Southeast Asia a third. According to the New Testament Jesus entered Jerusalem on Palm Sunday seated on a donkey (Plate 20). The seventh-century apocryphal Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew also envisages donkeys carrying His mother to Bethlehem, being present at the Nativity, and conveying the Holy Family into temporary exile in Egypt. Donkeys thus framed both ends of Jesus’ life and, given their importance in moving people and goods in first-century Palestine, must have been a familiar sight. But the implications of their place in Christianity’s narrative were originally quite different from those that are generally understood today.
Sarah Semple
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199683109
- eISBN:
- 9780191762956
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199683109.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History, Ancient History / Archaeology
The centuries after the conversion have left a wealth of documentary and literary sources: wills, laws, poetry, stories, charters, and annals. Sources like these provide an opportunity to examine ...
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The centuries after the conversion have left a wealth of documentary and literary sources: wills, laws, poetry, stories, charters, and annals. Sources like these provide an opportunity to examine whether perceptions and beliefs surrounding ancient monuments are present within Anglo-Saxon literature. This chapter brings together these literary and poetic sources with charter-bound terms and place-names. The density of information, greater and more compelling than the sum of its parts, points to the existence of a vivid popular perception of landscape and the ancient monuments within it. In the late Anglo-Saxon imagination a landscape of potent and powerful places existed, populated with heroes, supernatural beasts and mythical entitiesLess
The centuries after the conversion have left a wealth of documentary and literary sources: wills, laws, poetry, stories, charters, and annals. Sources like these provide an opportunity to examine whether perceptions and beliefs surrounding ancient monuments are present within Anglo-Saxon literature. This chapter brings together these literary and poetic sources with charter-bound terms and place-names. The density of information, greater and more compelling than the sum of its parts, points to the existence of a vivid popular perception of landscape and the ancient monuments within it. In the late Anglo-Saxon imagination a landscape of potent and powerful places existed, populated with heroes, supernatural beasts and mythical entities
