John M. Anderson
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199297412
- eISBN:
- 9780191711176
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199297412.003.0009
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Theoretical Linguistics
Names include personal, place, family, generic, and numeral-based classes, among others. Among classes of names, simple personal names tend to be structurally simpler; other names more typically ...
More
Names include personal, place, family, generic, and numeral-based classes, among others. Among classes of names, simple personal names tend to be structurally simpler; other names more typically retain their descriptive content, and thus derivational complexity. Names themselves can serve as bases for words of other classes. The formation may be nonce: it is not included in the lexicon but is coined for a particular occasion (the France I'm fond of). There are also name-based forms that involve sense or lexical knowledge, and can be lexicalized (Italian, based on a name that refers to a country, thus involving sense). Names may also be the base for formations relying on encyclopaedic knowledge concerning the fixed referent of the name (Wagnerian). Names thus participate in the derivational relationships as well in the syntactic structure of individual languages. Their use is no more a mere social (extra-linguistic) convention than any other aspect of language.Less
Names include personal, place, family, generic, and numeral-based classes, among others. Among classes of names, simple personal names tend to be structurally simpler; other names more typically retain their descriptive content, and thus derivational complexity. Names themselves can serve as bases for words of other classes. The formation may be nonce: it is not included in the lexicon but is coined for a particular occasion (the France I'm fond of). There are also name-based forms that involve sense or lexical knowledge, and can be lexicalized (Italian, based on a name that refers to a country, thus involving sense). Names may also be the base for formations relying on encyclopaedic knowledge concerning the fixed referent of the name (Wagnerian). Names thus participate in the derivational relationships as well in the syntactic structure of individual languages. Their use is no more a mere social (extra-linguistic) convention than any other aspect of language.
Margaret Gelling
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197262788
- eISBN:
- 9780191754210
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197262788.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Historiography
Ken Cameron FBA, Professor of English Language at the University of Nottingham, was a scholar of English place-names, specialising in names of Danish origin. He was Hon. Secretary of the English ...
More
Ken Cameron FBA, Professor of English Language at the University of Nottingham, was a scholar of English place-names, specialising in names of Danish origin. He was Hon. Secretary of the English Place-Name Society and Hon. Director of the English Place-Name Survey. Obituary by Margaret Gelling FBA.Less
Ken Cameron FBA, Professor of English Language at the University of Nottingham, was a scholar of English place-names, specialising in names of Danish origin. He was Hon. Secretary of the English Place-Name Society and Hon. Director of the English Place-Name Survey. Obituary by Margaret Gelling FBA.
Jacob T. Levy
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198297123
- eISBN:
- 9780191599767
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198297122.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
Examines symbolic ethnic politics: the politics of place names, group names, national symbols, official apologies, and other matters that do not affect the rights or resources of any particular ...
More
Examines symbolic ethnic politics: the politics of place names, group names, national symbols, official apologies, and other matters that do not affect the rights or resources of any particular persons. Such symbolism is important in ethnic politics, and a theory with nothing to say about it is unsatisfactory. Disputes over symbolic issues, however, are poorly suited to compromise and easily escalate into rallying points for wider conflicts. In addition, it is often impossible to meet the symbolic demands of all groups simultaneously. The chief constraint on symbolic politics should be non‐humiliation and the avoidance of the celebration of past injustices and violence, a standard that can be met for all groups simultaneously. Official apologies in particular are considered at length; they are defended against the charges of collective guilt and anachronism, but are found to be limited by considerations including the passage of time and institutional discontinuities.Less
Examines symbolic ethnic politics: the politics of place names, group names, national symbols, official apologies, and other matters that do not affect the rights or resources of any particular persons. Such symbolism is important in ethnic politics, and a theory with nothing to say about it is unsatisfactory. Disputes over symbolic issues, however, are poorly suited to compromise and easily escalate into rallying points for wider conflicts. In addition, it is often impossible to meet the symbolic demands of all groups simultaneously. The chief constraint on symbolic politics should be non‐humiliation and the avoidance of the celebration of past injustices and violence, a standard that can be met for all groups simultaneously. Official apologies in particular are considered at length; they are defended against the charges of collective guilt and anachronism, but are found to be limited by considerations including the passage of time and institutional discontinuities.
P. M. Fraser
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197264287
- eISBN:
- 9780191753978
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264287.003.0009
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter discusses ambiguous and individual variable ethnics. Although differentiated and ambiguous, place-names and their ethnics are especially a feature of the Hellenistic age, the phenomenon ...
More
This chapter discusses ambiguous and individual variable ethnics. Although differentiated and ambiguous, place-names and their ethnics are especially a feature of the Hellenistic age, the phenomenon is also associated with some of the earliest of Greek cities. The phraseology used to differentiate the homonymous cities themselves varied slightly in both literary and epigraphical texts in one of three ways: (a) by the use of the regional ktetic or ethnic; (b) by the use of the genitive of the city or region; (c) by the use of prepositions.Less
This chapter discusses ambiguous and individual variable ethnics. Although differentiated and ambiguous, place-names and their ethnics are especially a feature of the Hellenistic age, the phenomenon is also associated with some of the earliest of Greek cities. The phraseology used to differentiate the homonymous cities themselves varied slightly in both literary and epigraphical texts in one of three ways: (a) by the use of the regional ktetic or ethnic; (b) by the use of the genitive of the city or region; (c) by the use of prepositions.
Ronald K. S. Macaulay
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195173819
- eISBN:
- 9780199788361
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195173819.003.0011
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
There are no social class differences in the use of the definite and indefinite articles, but they are used significantly more frequently by males. The articles are used much less frequently by the ...
More
There are no social class differences in the use of the definite and indefinite articles, but they are used significantly more frequently by males. The articles are used much less frequently by the adolescents. The adolescents, however, use personal pronouns significantly more often than the adults. Females use pronouns much more frequently than males, particularly the pronoun she. The middle-class speakers use WH-relative pronouns much more frequently than the working-class speakers. Females also have a much higher frequency of reference to named persons, while males are more likely to name places.Less
There are no social class differences in the use of the definite and indefinite articles, but they are used significantly more frequently by males. The articles are used much less frequently by the adolescents. The adolescents, however, use personal pronouns significantly more often than the adults. Females use pronouns much more frequently than males, particularly the pronoun she. The middle-class speakers use WH-relative pronouns much more frequently than the working-class speakers. Females also have a much higher frequency of reference to named persons, while males are more likely to name places.
Sarah Semple
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199683109
- eISBN:
- 9780191762956
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199683109.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History, Ancient History / Archaeology
The centuries after the conversion have left a wealth of documentary and literary sources: wills, laws, poetry, stories, charters, and annals. Sources like these provide an opportunity to examine ...
More
The centuries after the conversion have left a wealth of documentary and literary sources: wills, laws, poetry, stories, charters, and annals. Sources like these provide an opportunity to examine whether perceptions and beliefs surrounding ancient monuments are present within Anglo-Saxon literature. This chapter brings together these literary and poetic sources with charter-bound terms and place-names. The density of information, greater and more compelling than the sum of its parts, points to the existence of a vivid popular perception of landscape and the ancient monuments within it. In the late Anglo-Saxon imagination a landscape of potent and powerful places existed, populated with heroes, supernatural beasts and mythical entitiesLess
The centuries after the conversion have left a wealth of documentary and literary sources: wills, laws, poetry, stories, charters, and annals. Sources like these provide an opportunity to examine whether perceptions and beliefs surrounding ancient monuments are present within Anglo-Saxon literature. This chapter brings together these literary and poetic sources with charter-bound terms and place-names. The density of information, greater and more compelling than the sum of its parts, points to the existence of a vivid popular perception of landscape and the ancient monuments within it. In the late Anglo-Saxon imagination a landscape of potent and powerful places existed, populated with heroes, supernatural beasts and mythical entities
Penny McCall Howard
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781784994143
- eISBN:
- 9781526128478
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781784994143.003.0003
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Global
The chapter focuses on human-environment relations. It begins with a description of how place names are used during a fishing trip, and how they are marked in digital GPS chartplotters and discussed ...
More
The chapter focuses on human-environment relations. It begins with a description of how place names are used during a fishing trip, and how they are marked in digital GPS chartplotters and discussed amongst fishermen. Most of the names discussed are of places at sea not marked by anything visible from the sea’s surface. An account of the working day of a trawler fisherman shows how the intensive sociability of fishing skippers transcends their isolation on different boats. Discussions among skippers are focussed on the material results and affordances of fishing in places and names are generated in these discussions, reflecting Marnie’ Holborow’s Marxist analysis of language. The chapter builds on Tim Ingold’s analysis of place by demonstrating that place names reflect subjective the experience of working in them, as well as searing events of social history and changing fishing practices. An examination of places that are remembered but no longer in use shows that the same location can become a different place. The chapter concludes by emphasising how places are generated through conversations amongst people involved in developing their affordances, and how names for places incorporate many aspects of life experience and resonate through collective social experience.Less
The chapter focuses on human-environment relations. It begins with a description of how place names are used during a fishing trip, and how they are marked in digital GPS chartplotters and discussed amongst fishermen. Most of the names discussed are of places at sea not marked by anything visible from the sea’s surface. An account of the working day of a trawler fisherman shows how the intensive sociability of fishing skippers transcends their isolation on different boats. Discussions among skippers are focussed on the material results and affordances of fishing in places and names are generated in these discussions, reflecting Marnie’ Holborow’s Marxist analysis of language. The chapter builds on Tim Ingold’s analysis of place by demonstrating that place names reflect subjective the experience of working in them, as well as searing events of social history and changing fishing practices. An examination of places that are remembered but no longer in use shows that the same location can become a different place. The chapter concludes by emphasising how places are generated through conversations amongst people involved in developing their affordances, and how names for places incorporate many aspects of life experience and resonate through collective social experience.
Jon Stobart
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199577927
- eISBN:
- 9780191744884
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199577927.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, Economic History
This chapter considers the ways in which the stock of groceries available to English consumers was transformed during the course of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The overall context for ...
More
This chapter considers the ways in which the stock of groceries available to English consumers was transformed during the course of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The overall context for reappraising the impact of new groceries on English retailing is laid out in terms of the shifting geography of supply and the growing importance of empire in provisioning English consumers. The chapter then assesses how far grocers were able to capitalise on demand for new imported goods, and the ways in which these helped to stimulate more general growth in retailing, as Shammas suggests. This chapter argues that grocers quickly came to dominate the provision of tea, coffee, etc. Lastly, the chapter examines the extent to which these goods carried associations of empire, and argues that imperial associations formed just one point of reference for the shopkeeper and consumer.Less
This chapter considers the ways in which the stock of groceries available to English consumers was transformed during the course of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The overall context for reappraising the impact of new groceries on English retailing is laid out in terms of the shifting geography of supply and the growing importance of empire in provisioning English consumers. The chapter then assesses how far grocers were able to capitalise on demand for new imported goods, and the ways in which these helped to stimulate more general growth in retailing, as Shammas suggests. This chapter argues that grocers quickly came to dominate the provision of tea, coffee, etc. Lastly, the chapter examines the extent to which these goods carried associations of empire, and argues that imperial associations formed just one point of reference for the shopkeeper and consumer.
John Baker
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199680795
- eISBN:
- 9780191760839
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199680795.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
The landscape of Anglo-Saxon England was characterized by timber architecture, contemporary perceptions of which can be approached through place-names indicative of timber building practice. Terms ...
More
The landscape of Anglo-Saxon England was characterized by timber architecture, contemporary perceptions of which can be approached through place-names indicative of timber building practice. Terms can be divided into those which occur as natural features of the landscape, which probably indicate places from which timber could be obtained, and those which refer to structures of human origin. Relatively few place-names of either type are recorded before 1086, possibly because localized knowledge had rendered this unnecessary. Similarly, the lack of references to timber in the names of settlements makes sense in a landscape dominated by wooden buildings. Place-names highlight the importance to the early medieval mind of places where one might find particular types of wood, and where structures were executed with striking or peculiar carpentry techniques. Thus, we can approach the subtle role of timber in architectural aesthetics and perceptions of landscape in Anglo-Saxon England.Less
The landscape of Anglo-Saxon England was characterized by timber architecture, contemporary perceptions of which can be approached through place-names indicative of timber building practice. Terms can be divided into those which occur as natural features of the landscape, which probably indicate places from which timber could be obtained, and those which refer to structures of human origin. Relatively few place-names of either type are recorded before 1086, possibly because localized knowledge had rendered this unnecessary. Similarly, the lack of references to timber in the names of settlements makes sense in a landscape dominated by wooden buildings. Place-names highlight the importance to the early medieval mind of places where one might find particular types of wood, and where structures were executed with striking or peculiar carpentry techniques. Thus, we can approach the subtle role of timber in architectural aesthetics and perceptions of landscape in Anglo-Saxon England.
Della Hooke
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781786940285
- eISBN:
- 9781786944221
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781786940285.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
As one of the essentials of life, water was never far away from early medieval consciousness. Access to sources of water might influence the demarcation of territorial boundaries, especially of the ...
More
As one of the essentials of life, water was never far away from early medieval consciousness. Access to sources of water might influence the demarcation of territorial boundaries, especially of the small estates that were emerging in this period, and the location of settlement. The documentary records that survive provide insights as to how the Anglo-Saxons and sometimes, too, their predecessors, viewed their surroundings. Many place-names contain references to water and might help to provide a picture of the landscape and how it was used. In this period, fishing weirs and mills were increasing in number and find mention in both names and the documents; some rivers were also valuable lines of water communication offering routes for the transfer of both people and goods. On a smaller scale, the names given to local watercourses might reflect the nature of the rivers and streams themselves or hint at the nature of the countryside around and its local wildlife. They might also express a sense of local identity but were often coined by travellers and administrators. Some of these aspects of water and the environment of Anglo-Saxon England will be explored here.
Less
As one of the essentials of life, water was never far away from early medieval consciousness. Access to sources of water might influence the demarcation of territorial boundaries, especially of the small estates that were emerging in this period, and the location of settlement. The documentary records that survive provide insights as to how the Anglo-Saxons and sometimes, too, their predecessors, viewed their surroundings. Many place-names contain references to water and might help to provide a picture of the landscape and how it was used. In this period, fishing weirs and mills were increasing in number and find mention in both names and the documents; some rivers were also valuable lines of water communication offering routes for the transfer of both people and goods. On a smaller scale, the names given to local watercourses might reflect the nature of the rivers and streams themselves or hint at the nature of the countryside around and its local wildlife. They might also express a sense of local identity but were often coined by travellers and administrators. Some of these aspects of water and the environment of Anglo-Saxon England will be explored here.
Curbera Jaime
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780197265635
- eISBN:
- 9780191760372
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265635.003.0010
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics
Among the Asiatic Greeks almost every Greek word could be used to form a personal name. Resources for naming include plant names, place names and theophoric names. This chapter analyses a group of ...
More
Among the Asiatic Greeks almost every Greek word could be used to form a personal name. Resources for naming include plant names, place names and theophoric names. This chapter analyses a group of names which are interesting because of their formation, meaning or origin (Ármalos, Dókkalos, Drábōn, Dōkeús, Heiamenós, Iddoúas and Kallóas, Kambalâs, Kápparis, Koíēs, Naódōros, Tónnios, Chrýsōros, Chrysēnios). The richness and colour of these onomastics, as shown in this small sample of names, has been a source of misinterpretations by scholars used to different naming styles.Less
Among the Asiatic Greeks almost every Greek word could be used to form a personal name. Resources for naming include plant names, place names and theophoric names. This chapter analyses a group of names which are interesting because of their formation, meaning or origin (Ármalos, Dókkalos, Drábōn, Dōkeús, Heiamenós, Iddoúas and Kallóas, Kambalâs, Kápparis, Koíēs, Naódōros, Tónnios, Chrýsōros, Chrysēnios). The richness and colour of these onomastics, as shown in this small sample of names, has been a source of misinterpretations by scholars used to different naming styles.
Jane F. Kershaw
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199639526
- eISBN:
- 9780191744570
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199639526.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History, Cultural History
This chapter analyses the findspots of over 500 items of Scandinavian jewellery in England. Supported by multiple distribution maps, it demonstrates significant regional and chronological trends in ...
More
This chapter analyses the findspots of over 500 items of Scandinavian jewellery in England. Supported by multiple distribution maps, it demonstrates significant regional and chronological trends in brooch distribution, revealing the majority of items to be confined to documented areas of Scandinavian settlement. Significantly, the chapter shows Scandinavian jewellery to be concentrated in areas not commonly associated with Viking activity, particularly Norfolk and Lincolnshire. Conversely, artefacts are not well documented from Yorkshire and the Midlands, where Scandinavian place‐names are concentrated. This prompts a comparison of the place‐name and brooch distributions more generally. While the location of highly‐portable objects such as jewellery cannot provide an index to Scandinavian settlement, this chapter argues that they highlight regions where Scandinavian influence was strongly felt. In this way, the chapter provides a fresh perspective on the Scandinavian character of England, adding a new geographical dimension to the Viking settlement.Less
This chapter analyses the findspots of over 500 items of Scandinavian jewellery in England. Supported by multiple distribution maps, it demonstrates significant regional and chronological trends in brooch distribution, revealing the majority of items to be confined to documented areas of Scandinavian settlement. Significantly, the chapter shows Scandinavian jewellery to be concentrated in areas not commonly associated with Viking activity, particularly Norfolk and Lincolnshire. Conversely, artefacts are not well documented from Yorkshire and the Midlands, where Scandinavian place‐names are concentrated. This prompts a comparison of the place‐name and brooch distributions more generally. While the location of highly‐portable objects such as jewellery cannot provide an index to Scandinavian settlement, this chapter argues that they highlight regions where Scandinavian influence was strongly felt. In this way, the chapter provides a fresh perspective on the Scandinavian character of England, adding a new geographical dimension to the Viking settlement.
W. F. H. Nicolaisen
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748622818
- eISBN:
- 9780748653362
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748622818.003.0009
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Scottish Studies
This chapter focuses on place names as evidence in the history of Scots. Specifically, it examines whether the place-name evidence contemporary with the lexical materials contained in the Dictionary ...
More
This chapter focuses on place names as evidence in the history of Scots. Specifically, it examines whether the place-name evidence contemporary with the lexical materials contained in the Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue confirms the assumption that place names play an important role in elucidating language history. It begins by looking at a name which has been of considerable interest to the author, the name Falkirk.Less
This chapter focuses on place names as evidence in the history of Scots. Specifically, it examines whether the place-name evidence contemporary with the lexical materials contained in the Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue confirms the assumption that place names play an important role in elucidating language history. It begins by looking at a name which has been of considerable interest to the author, the name Falkirk.
Martin D. Gallivan and Victor D. Thompson
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780813062860
- eISBN:
- 9780813051819
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813062860.003.0004
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
Chapter 3 considers Virginia Algonquian place names, concluding that the Tsenacomacoh landscape was understood and labelled from the vantage of a canoe. Place names typically referenced navigation ...
More
Chapter 3 considers Virginia Algonquian place names, concluding that the Tsenacomacoh landscape was understood and labelled from the vantage of a canoe. Place names typically referenced navigation along and across rivers as well as favoured locations for fishing and for gathering wild, wetland plants. Such representations of space and of mobility hint that Tsenacomacoh was constructed on an estuarine landscape initially inhabited by forager-fishers. The rivers, streams, and embayed waters of the Chesapeake estuary provided the primary pathways connecting places in this setting. Algonquian place names framed travel through Tsenacomacoh’s waterscape, resulting in naming practices keyed to the dynamic interface between dry land and tidal water.Less
Chapter 3 considers Virginia Algonquian place names, concluding that the Tsenacomacoh landscape was understood and labelled from the vantage of a canoe. Place names typically referenced navigation along and across rivers as well as favoured locations for fishing and for gathering wild, wetland plants. Such representations of space and of mobility hint that Tsenacomacoh was constructed on an estuarine landscape initially inhabited by forager-fishers. The rivers, streams, and embayed waters of the Chesapeake estuary provided the primary pathways connecting places in this setting. Algonquian place names framed travel through Tsenacomacoh’s waterscape, resulting in naming practices keyed to the dynamic interface between dry land and tidal water.
Christian Kay and Margaret Mackay
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748622818
- eISBN:
- 9780748653362
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748622818.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Scottish Studies
This book celebrates the rich diversity of the Scots language and the culture it embodies. It marks two important events in Scots language scholarship: the completion of the Dictionary of the Older ...
More
This book celebrates the rich diversity of the Scots language and the culture it embodies. It marks two important events in Scots language scholarship: the completion of the Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue (DOST) in 2001 and the publication of its final volumes in 2002. The thirteen chapters that comprise the book cover many aspects of Scottish life as illuminated by the words used to describe it. The writers are linked by the fact that they have all made use of the wealth of information in DOST to advance their research. Their topics include the use of DOST in reading literature, in tracing the consumption of cereals and wine in early Scotland, in elucidating place names and terms used in shipping, building and measurement, and in defining such complex concepts as homicide and the role of ‘gossip’. Nor is the history and structure of the dictionary itself forgotten. There is a study of its development from its beginnings in the 1920s, together with biographical notes on its editors over the years. There are also chapters drawing comparisons with the Middle English Dictionary, the Linguistic Atlas of Older Scots and the proposed historical dictionary of Scottish Gaelic.Less
This book celebrates the rich diversity of the Scots language and the culture it embodies. It marks two important events in Scots language scholarship: the completion of the Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue (DOST) in 2001 and the publication of its final volumes in 2002. The thirteen chapters that comprise the book cover many aspects of Scottish life as illuminated by the words used to describe it. The writers are linked by the fact that they have all made use of the wealth of information in DOST to advance their research. Their topics include the use of DOST in reading literature, in tracing the consumption of cereals and wine in early Scotland, in elucidating place names and terms used in shipping, building and measurement, and in defining such complex concepts as homicide and the role of ‘gossip’. Nor is the history and structure of the dictionary itself forgotten. There is a study of its development from its beginnings in the 1920s, together with biographical notes on its editors over the years. There are also chapters drawing comparisons with the Middle English Dictionary, the Linguistic Atlas of Older Scots and the proposed historical dictionary of Scottish Gaelic.
Paul Hindle
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719085062
- eISBN:
- 9781526104267
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719085062.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature
This chapter opens by noting the growth of towns and trade in England in the medieval period, which required a fully functioning transport system, of which roads must have been the backbone, ...
More
This chapter opens by noting the growth of towns and trade in England in the medieval period, which required a fully functioning transport system, of which roads must have been the backbone, supplemented by river and sea-borne trade. It then looks at the different sources available to attempt to describe the national medieval transport network. The first step is to see which Roman roads were still in use, and which later Anglo-Saxon and medieval roads had ‘made and maintained themselves’. Documentary evidence is limited and place-names need to be used with care. The best evidence lies in itineraries (notably those of the kings) and maps (principally the Gough Map). Archaeological evidence is also assessed.Less
This chapter opens by noting the growth of towns and trade in England in the medieval period, which required a fully functioning transport system, of which roads must have been the backbone, supplemented by river and sea-borne trade. It then looks at the different sources available to attempt to describe the national medieval transport network. The first step is to see which Roman roads were still in use, and which later Anglo-Saxon and medieval roads had ‘made and maintained themselves’. Documentary evidence is limited and place-names need to be used with care. The best evidence lies in itineraries (notably those of the kings) and maps (principally the Gough Map). Archaeological evidence is also assessed.
Alfred P. Smyth
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198229896
- eISBN:
- 9780191678936
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198229896.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This chapter conducts an investigation to look for a late 10th-century writer who had an interest in biography and hagiography, and whose Latin prose showed strong Frankish influences in vocabulary ...
More
This chapter conducts an investigation to look for a late 10th-century writer who had an interest in biography and hagiography, and whose Latin prose showed strong Frankish influences in vocabulary and hagiographical motifs, which is suggestive of an education either in Francia or at the hands of a Frankish master. It also seeks a writer whose Anglo-Latin mannerisms owed much to a long-established bombastic and convoluted prose style stretching back to Aldhelm in the 7th century, reinforced by hermeneutic usage imported from Fleury in the 10th. It emphasizes that the Pseudo-Asser's own personal ambition as a writer, far outstretched his ability to organize material or to sustain a coherent narrative free of irritating digressions. It also seeks for a writer with some knowledge of Old Welsh or Cornish, and who also had an interest in the etymology of place-names.Less
This chapter conducts an investigation to look for a late 10th-century writer who had an interest in biography and hagiography, and whose Latin prose showed strong Frankish influences in vocabulary and hagiographical motifs, which is suggestive of an education either in Francia or at the hands of a Frankish master. It also seeks a writer whose Anglo-Latin mannerisms owed much to a long-established bombastic and convoluted prose style stretching back to Aldhelm in the 7th century, reinforced by hermeneutic usage imported from Fleury in the 10th. It emphasizes that the Pseudo-Asser's own personal ambition as a writer, far outstretched his ability to organize material or to sustain a coherent narrative free of irritating digressions. It also seeks for a writer with some knowledge of Old Welsh or Cornish, and who also had an interest in the etymology of place-names.
Susan Rennie
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199639403
- eISBN:
- 9780191741920
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199639403.003.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Lexicography, Historical Linguistics
This chapter provides a brief biography of Jamieson, describing his major publications and showing how various aspects of his life influenced, and were in turn affected by, his work on the ...
More
This chapter provides a brief biography of Jamieson, describing his major publications and showing how various aspects of his life influenced, and were in turn affected by, his work on the Dictionary. In particular, the chapter describes Jamieson’s antiquarian and literary interests, including his early research on place names, his editions of Older Scots texts, and his own Scots poetry. It also discusses Jamieson’s friendship with Scott and other key figures who were to be influential in the development of the Dictionary.Less
This chapter provides a brief biography of Jamieson, describing his major publications and showing how various aspects of his life influenced, and were in turn affected by, his work on the Dictionary. In particular, the chapter describes Jamieson’s antiquarian and literary interests, including his early research on place names, his editions of Older Scots texts, and his own Scots poetry. It also discusses Jamieson’s friendship with Scott and other key figures who were to be influential in the development of the Dictionary.
Jon Stobart
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199577927
- eISBN:
- 9780191744884
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199577927.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, Economic History
This chapter examines the ways in which groceries were consumed, linking the practicalities of everyday activities with theorisations of consumer motivation. The chapter begins by critically ...
More
This chapter examines the ways in which groceries were consumed, linking the practicalities of everyday activities with theorisations of consumer motivation. The chapter begins by critically examining novelty as a motivating factor, arguing that it is especially problematic in the context of groceries. Luxury is perhaps more useful, with its dual significance as a marker of distinction and as sensual pleasure, although ideas of utility and comfort better encapsulate the appeal of sugar, tea, etc. to the poor. A more nuanced reading of consumer practices is offered through analysing recipe books to assess changes in the use of groceries as ingredients. This chapter argues for strong continuities and against the idea that empire was an important point of culinary reference. The actual dining practices of various social groups confirm a strong conservatism, especially amongst the middling sorts who sought to create their own culinary identity rather than emulate elite practices.Less
This chapter examines the ways in which groceries were consumed, linking the practicalities of everyday activities with theorisations of consumer motivation. The chapter begins by critically examining novelty as a motivating factor, arguing that it is especially problematic in the context of groceries. Luxury is perhaps more useful, with its dual significance as a marker of distinction and as sensual pleasure, although ideas of utility and comfort better encapsulate the appeal of sugar, tea, etc. to the poor. A more nuanced reading of consumer practices is offered through analysing recipe books to assess changes in the use of groceries as ingredients. This chapter argues for strong continuities and against the idea that empire was an important point of culinary reference. The actual dining practices of various social groups confirm a strong conservatism, especially amongst the middling sorts who sought to create their own culinary identity rather than emulate elite practices.
Paul Carter
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816669974
- eISBN:
- 9781452946900
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816669974.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
This chapter examines the rationale behind Cook’s naming of different places in Australia. It argues that Cook’s choice of names was neither casual nor arbitrary. Although the names did not well up ...
More
This chapter examines the rationale behind Cook’s naming of different places in Australia. It argues that Cook’s choice of names was neither casual nor arbitrary. Although the names did not well up spontaneously from some sort of folk consciousness, it does not mean they have no historical import. Cook’s attitude towards names can be summed up in his first addition to Pacific knowledge, an island, which he called “New Island,” “because it is not laid down in any chart.” This unassuming circumspection embodies his purpose precisely. For Cook, knowing and naming were identical, but there was no question of a direct relation between signifier and signified, any more than an imitative relationship existed between the uncompleted map and the world. To know the world in detail meant preserving its particulars. In this sense, the term “New” is a name. It precisely delimits the conditions under which it came to be known; it resolutely refuses to say anything about the island. The chapter then goes on to discuss how name “Botany Bay” came about.Less
This chapter examines the rationale behind Cook’s naming of different places in Australia. It argues that Cook’s choice of names was neither casual nor arbitrary. Although the names did not well up spontaneously from some sort of folk consciousness, it does not mean they have no historical import. Cook’s attitude towards names can be summed up in his first addition to Pacific knowledge, an island, which he called “New Island,” “because it is not laid down in any chart.” This unassuming circumspection embodies his purpose precisely. For Cook, knowing and naming were identical, but there was no question of a direct relation between signifier and signified, any more than an imitative relationship existed between the uncompleted map and the world. To know the world in detail meant preserving its particulars. In this sense, the term “New” is a name. It precisely delimits the conditions under which it came to be known; it resolutely refuses to say anything about the island. The chapter then goes on to discuss how name “Botany Bay” came about.
