Mary McClintock Fulkerson
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199296477
- eISBN:
- 9780191711930
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199296477.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
The primary aim of this book is to explore the contradiction between the widely shared beliefs in the USA about racial inclusiveness and equal opportunity for all, and the fact that most churches are ...
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The primary aim of this book is to explore the contradiction between the widely shared beliefs in the USA about racial inclusiveness and equal opportunity for all, and the fact that most churches are racially homogeneous and do not include people with disabilities. To address the problem, the book explores the practices of an interracial church (United Methodist) that includes people with disabilities. The analysis focuses on those activities that create opportunities for people to experience those who are ‘different’ as equal in ways that diminish both obliviousness to the other and fear of the other. In contrast with theology's typical focus on the beliefs of Christians, this book offers a theory of practices and place that foregrounds the instinctual reactions and communications that shape all groups. The effect is to broaden the academic field of theology through the benefits of ethnographic research and postmodern place theory.Less
The primary aim of this book is to explore the contradiction between the widely shared beliefs in the USA about racial inclusiveness and equal opportunity for all, and the fact that most churches are racially homogeneous and do not include people with disabilities. To address the problem, the book explores the practices of an interracial church (United Methodist) that includes people with disabilities. The analysis focuses on those activities that create opportunities for people to experience those who are ‘different’ as equal in ways that diminish both obliviousness to the other and fear of the other. In contrast with theology's typical focus on the beliefs of Christians, this book offers a theory of practices and place that foregrounds the instinctual reactions and communications that shape all groups. The effect is to broaden the academic field of theology through the benefits of ethnographic research and postmodern place theory.
Mark R. Wynn
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199560387
- eISBN:
- 9780191721175
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199560387.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion
This book considers some of the ways in which particular places can acquire special religious significance, as sites for prayer or other kinds of devotional activity, and how knowledge of place ...
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This book considers some of the ways in which particular places can acquire special religious significance, as sites for prayer or other kinds of devotional activity, and how knowledge of place provides a key to understanding the nature of religious knowledge. There are two main arguments in the book. The first proposes that there is a deep-seated analogy between knowledge of God and knowledge of place, and that knowledge of God consists partly in an integrative knowledge of the significance of particular places. This strand of the book contrasts with recent discussion in the epistemology of religion, which has tended to privilege, for instance, scientific or ordinary perceptual kinds of knowledge as analogous to religious knowledge. Taking knowledge of place as a route into the question of the nature of religious knowledge provides a way of foregrounding the practical and engaged character of religious knowledge, and its connection to our moral and aesthetic commitments. The second central strand of the book uses these findings to consider some of the ways in which particular places can acquire special religious significance. By contrast with approaches which postulate a sharp distinction between ‘sacred’ and ‘profane’ spaces, and by contrast with the idea that the differentiated religious significance of space reflects some merely psychological truth, the book proposes that the religious import of a place is a function of its microcosmic significance (its capacity to represent some larger truth about the condition of human beings), its ability to conserve historical meanings (where these meanings exercise an enduring ethical claim upon those who are present at the site at later times), and its facilitation of a kind of embodied reference to God (where a person's thought is anchored in God by virtue of what they do at the site).Less
This book considers some of the ways in which particular places can acquire special religious significance, as sites for prayer or other kinds of devotional activity, and how knowledge of place provides a key to understanding the nature of religious knowledge. There are two main arguments in the book. The first proposes that there is a deep-seated analogy between knowledge of God and knowledge of place, and that knowledge of God consists partly in an integrative knowledge of the significance of particular places. This strand of the book contrasts with recent discussion in the epistemology of religion, which has tended to privilege, for instance, scientific or ordinary perceptual kinds of knowledge as analogous to religious knowledge. Taking knowledge of place as a route into the question of the nature of religious knowledge provides a way of foregrounding the practical and engaged character of religious knowledge, and its connection to our moral and aesthetic commitments. The second central strand of the book uses these findings to consider some of the ways in which particular places can acquire special religious significance. By contrast with approaches which postulate a sharp distinction between ‘sacred’ and ‘profane’ spaces, and by contrast with the idea that the differentiated religious significance of space reflects some merely psychological truth, the book proposes that the religious import of a place is a function of its microcosmic significance (its capacity to represent some larger truth about the condition of human beings), its ability to conserve historical meanings (where these meanings exercise an enduring ethical claim upon those who are present at the site at later times), and its facilitation of a kind of embodied reference to God (where a person's thought is anchored in God by virtue of what they do at the site).
Brandon C. Welsh and David P. Farrington
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195326215
- eISBN:
- 9780199943999
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326215.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
The United Kingdom has more than 4.2 million public closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras—one for every fourteen citizens. Across the United States, hundreds of video-surveillance systems are ...
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The United Kingdom has more than 4.2 million public closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras—one for every fourteen citizens. Across the United States, hundreds of video-surveillance systems are being installed in town centers, public transportation facilities, and schools at a cost exceeding $100 million annually, and now other Western countries have begun to experiment with CCTV to prevent crime in public places. In light of this expansion and the associated public expenditure, as well as pressing concerns about privacy rights, there is an acute need for an evidence-based approach to inform policy and practice. This book assesses the effectiveness and social costs of not only CCTV, but also other surveillance methods to prevent crime in public space, such as improved street lighting, security guards, place managers, and defensible space. It goes beyond the question of “Does it work?” and examines the specific conditions and contexts under which these methods may have an effect on crime as well as the mechanisms that bring about a reduction in crime. At a time when cities need cost-effective methods to fight crime and the public gradually awakens to the burdens of sacrificing their privacy and civil rights for security, the authors provide this guide to the most effective and non-invasive uses of surveillance to make public places safer from crime.Less
The United Kingdom has more than 4.2 million public closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras—one for every fourteen citizens. Across the United States, hundreds of video-surveillance systems are being installed in town centers, public transportation facilities, and schools at a cost exceeding $100 million annually, and now other Western countries have begun to experiment with CCTV to prevent crime in public places. In light of this expansion and the associated public expenditure, as well as pressing concerns about privacy rights, there is an acute need for an evidence-based approach to inform policy and practice. This book assesses the effectiveness and social costs of not only CCTV, but also other surveillance methods to prevent crime in public space, such as improved street lighting, security guards, place managers, and defensible space. It goes beyond the question of “Does it work?” and examines the specific conditions and contexts under which these methods may have an effect on crime as well as the mechanisms that bring about a reduction in crime. At a time when cities need cost-effective methods to fight crime and the public gradually awakens to the burdens of sacrificing their privacy and civil rights for security, the authors provide this guide to the most effective and non-invasive uses of surveillance to make public places safer from crime.
Anthony A. Braga and David L. Weisburd
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195341966
- eISBN:
- 9780199866847
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195341966.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
In this book, Anthony A. Braga and David L. Weisburd make the case that hot spots policing is an effective approach to crime prevention that should be engaged by police departments in the United ...
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In this book, Anthony A. Braga and David L. Weisburd make the case that hot spots policing is an effective approach to crime prevention that should be engaged by police departments in the United States and other countries. There is a strong and growing body of rigorous scientific evidence that the police can control crime hot spots without simply displacing crime problems to other places. Indeed, putting police officers in high crime locations is an old and well‐established idea. However, the age and popularity of this idea does not necessarily mean that it is being done properly. Police officers should strive to use problem‐oriented policing and situational crime prevention techniques to address the place dynamics, situations, and characteristics that cause a “spot” to be “hot.” Braga and Weisburd further suggest that the strategies used to police problem places can have more or less desirable effects on police‐community relations. Particularly in minority neighborhoods where residents have long suffered from elevated crime problems and historically poor police service, police officers should make an effort to develop positive and collaborative relationships with residents and not engage strategies that will undermine the legitimacy of police agencies, such as indiscriminant enforcement tactics. This book argues that it is time for police departments to shift away from a focus on catching criminal offenders and move towards dealing with crime at problem places as a central crime prevention strategy.Less
In this book, Anthony A. Braga and David L. Weisburd make the case that hot spots policing is an effective approach to crime prevention that should be engaged by police departments in the United States and other countries. There is a strong and growing body of rigorous scientific evidence that the police can control crime hot spots without simply displacing crime problems to other places. Indeed, putting police officers in high crime locations is an old and well‐established idea. However, the age and popularity of this idea does not necessarily mean that it is being done properly. Police officers should strive to use problem‐oriented policing and situational crime prevention techniques to address the place dynamics, situations, and characteristics that cause a “spot” to be “hot.” Braga and Weisburd further suggest that the strategies used to police problem places can have more or less desirable effects on police‐community relations. Particularly in minority neighborhoods where residents have long suffered from elevated crime problems and historically poor police service, police officers should make an effort to develop positive and collaborative relationships with residents and not engage strategies that will undermine the legitimacy of police agencies, such as indiscriminant enforcement tactics. This book argues that it is time for police departments to shift away from a focus on catching criminal offenders and move towards dealing with crime at problem places as a central crime prevention strategy.
Todd R Clear
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195305791
- eISBN:
- 9780199943944
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195305791.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
At no time in history, and certainly in no other democratic society, have prisons been filled so quickly and to such capacity than in the United States. And nowhere has this growth been more ...
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At no time in history, and certainly in no other democratic society, have prisons been filled so quickly and to such capacity than in the United States. And nowhere has this growth been more concentrated than in the disadvantaged—and primarily minority—neighborhoods of America's largest urban cities. In the most impoverished places, as much as 20% of the adult men are locked up on any given day, and there is hardly a family without a father, son, brother, or uncle who has not been behind bars. While the effects of going to and returning home from prison are well-documented, little attention has been paid to the impact of removal on neighborhoods where large numbers of individuals have been imprisoned. In the first detailed, empirical exploration of the effects of mass incarceration on poor places, this book demonstrates that in high doses incarceration contributes to the very social problems it is intended to solve—it breaks up family and social networks; deprives siblings, spouses, and parents of emotional and financial support; threatens the economic and political infrastructure of already struggling neighborhoods; and destabilizes the community, thus further reducing public safety. Especially at risk are children who, research shows, are more likely to commit a crime if a father or brother has been to prison. Demonstrating that the current incarceration policy in urban America does more harm than good, from increasing crime to widening racial disparities and diminished life chances for youths, the book argues that we cannot overcome the problem of mass incarceration concentrated in poor places without incorporating an idea of community justice into our failing correctional and criminal justice systems.Less
At no time in history, and certainly in no other democratic society, have prisons been filled so quickly and to such capacity than in the United States. And nowhere has this growth been more concentrated than in the disadvantaged—and primarily minority—neighborhoods of America's largest urban cities. In the most impoverished places, as much as 20% of the adult men are locked up on any given day, and there is hardly a family without a father, son, brother, or uncle who has not been behind bars. While the effects of going to and returning home from prison are well-documented, little attention has been paid to the impact of removal on neighborhoods where large numbers of individuals have been imprisoned. In the first detailed, empirical exploration of the effects of mass incarceration on poor places, this book demonstrates that in high doses incarceration contributes to the very social problems it is intended to solve—it breaks up family and social networks; deprives siblings, spouses, and parents of emotional and financial support; threatens the economic and political infrastructure of already struggling neighborhoods; and destabilizes the community, thus further reducing public safety. Especially at risk are children who, research shows, are more likely to commit a crime if a father or brother has been to prison. Demonstrating that the current incarceration policy in urban America does more harm than good, from increasing crime to widening racial disparities and diminished life chances for youths, the book argues that we cannot overcome the problem of mass incarceration concentrated in poor places without incorporating an idea of community justice into our failing correctional and criminal justice systems.
Benjamin Morison
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199247912
- eISBN:
- 9780191598067
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199247919.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Ancient Philosophy
Aims to explain as carefully as possible Aristotle's account of place given in the Physics, Book IV, Chs. 1‐5. Also aims to rehabilitate it as a piece of philosophy, after many centuries of its being ...
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Aims to explain as carefully as possible Aristotle's account of place given in the Physics, Book IV, Chs. 1‐5. Also aims to rehabilitate it as a piece of philosophy, after many centuries of its being dismissed as inadequate. Discusses the importance of the concept of place to natural philosophy, including the role of so‐called ‘natural’ places in the explanation of the natural motion of the elements. Offers a full reconstruction and interpretation of Zeno's paradox of place, which Aristotle took to be a crucial challenge to the coherence of the notion of place, as well as an assessment of Aristotle's treatment of Plato's account of space in the Timaeus. Outlines the different ways in which things are somewhere, implicit in Aristotle's solution to Zeno's paradox of place. This corresponds to the various meanings of the word ‘in’. The concept of being somewhere is of the first importance in understanding our practice of asking and answering where‐questions. The most fundamental way of being somewhere is to have a place––most bodies have a place, according to Aristotle. For a body to be somewhere, it must have a proper place, i.e. a place that only it occupies. Aristotle's definition of proper place (‘the first immobile limit of that which surrounds’) has been found wanting by many philosophers: the author offers an interpretation of the definition which overcomes the classic objections, including ancient worries about whether the universe is somewhere.Less
Aims to explain as carefully as possible Aristotle's account of place given in the Physics, Book IV, Chs. 1‐5. Also aims to rehabilitate it as a piece of philosophy, after many centuries of its being dismissed as inadequate. Discusses the importance of the concept of place to natural philosophy, including the role of so‐called ‘natural’ places in the explanation of the natural motion of the elements. Offers a full reconstruction and interpretation of Zeno's paradox of place, which Aristotle took to be a crucial challenge to the coherence of the notion of place, as well as an assessment of Aristotle's treatment of Plato's account of space in the Timaeus. Outlines the different ways in which things are somewhere, implicit in Aristotle's solution to Zeno's paradox of place. This corresponds to the various meanings of the word ‘in’. The concept of being somewhere is of the first importance in understanding our practice of asking and answering where‐questions. The most fundamental way of being somewhere is to have a place––most bodies have a place, according to Aristotle. For a body to be somewhere, it must have a proper place, i.e. a place that only it occupies. Aristotle's definition of proper place (‘the first immobile limit of that which surrounds’) has been found wanting by many philosophers: the author offers an interpretation of the definition which overcomes the classic objections, including ancient worries about whether the universe is somewhere.
Mary McClintock Fulkerson
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199296477
- eISBN:
- 9780191711930
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199296477.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter explores postmodern place as a constructive way to think about Good Samaritan UMC. Drawing upon examples of places, it explores what is distinctive about faith community as place. The ...
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This chapter explores postmodern place as a constructive way to think about Good Samaritan UMC. Drawing upon examples of places, it explores what is distinctive about faith community as place. The goal is to show that place theory provides a frame through which the complexities of the worldly character of the faith community can appear. The categories of place, in short, are best designed to display the shape of faith as a lived situation.Less
This chapter explores postmodern place as a constructive way to think about Good Samaritan UMC. Drawing upon examples of places, it explores what is distinctive about faith community as place. The goal is to show that place theory provides a frame through which the complexities of the worldly character of the faith community can appear. The categories of place, in short, are best designed to display the shape of faith as a lived situation.
Deborah R. Becker and Robert E. Drake
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195131215
- eISBN:
- 9780199863808
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195131215.003.0004
- Subject:
- Social Work, Health and Mental Health
IPS is a standardized approach to supported employment for people with severe mental illness. IPS is derived from eight empirically derived principles. Employment specialists join mental health ...
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IPS is a standardized approach to supported employment for people with severe mental illness. IPS is derived from eight empirically derived principles. Employment specialists join mental health treatment teams to provide coordinated services. The vocational unit is comprised of a vocational supervisor and at least two employment specialists who carry discrete caseloads of no more than twenty-five people. In IPS, all people are encouraged to think about how employment may fit into their lives. Clients who express interest in working are assisted in finding a competitive job, full-time or part-time, that matches their skills, preferences, and experiences. People are provided individualized supports to maintain employment. As a team-based approach, all members of the team support the client’s work efforts.Less
IPS is a standardized approach to supported employment for people with severe mental illness. IPS is derived from eight empirically derived principles. Employment specialists join mental health treatment teams to provide coordinated services. The vocational unit is comprised of a vocational supervisor and at least two employment specialists who carry discrete caseloads of no more than twenty-five people. In IPS, all people are encouraged to think about how employment may fit into their lives. Clients who express interest in working are assisted in finding a competitive job, full-time or part-time, that matches their skills, preferences, and experiences. People are provided individualized supports to maintain employment. As a team-based approach, all members of the team support the client’s work efforts.
Paul Dudchenko
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199210862
- eISBN:
- 9780191594199
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199210862.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive Psychology
This book reviews the psychology and neuroscience of how we find our way. It starts with a history of studies on how organisms solve mazes. This work has its origins in the efforts of behaviourists, ...
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This book reviews the psychology and neuroscience of how we find our way. It starts with a history of studies on how organisms solve mazes. This work has its origins in the efforts of behaviourists, psychologists such as John Watson, who sought a firmer scientific footing for the field by focusing on measurable phenomenon, such as how rats solve spatial mazes. The book then reviews contemporary studies of spatial cognition and the wayfinding abilities of adults and children. In children, the perception of space can be distorted but improves with development. For adults, the ability to keep track of one's orientation in the absence of landmarks is limited. Next there is a consideration of how specific parts of the brain provide a cognitive map and a neural compass. A deeply influential view is that the hippocampus — a brain structure that in humans in essential for normal memory — contains of cognitive map. Work on place cells, the element of this map, and head-direction and grid neurons is summarised. This book also considers the neurology of spatial disorientation and the tendency of patients with Alzheimer's disease to lose their way. It concludes with the proposal that we get lost because our brain's compass becomes misoriented.Less
This book reviews the psychology and neuroscience of how we find our way. It starts with a history of studies on how organisms solve mazes. This work has its origins in the efforts of behaviourists, psychologists such as John Watson, who sought a firmer scientific footing for the field by focusing on measurable phenomenon, such as how rats solve spatial mazes. The book then reviews contemporary studies of spatial cognition and the wayfinding abilities of adults and children. In children, the perception of space can be distorted but improves with development. For adults, the ability to keep track of one's orientation in the absence of landmarks is limited. Next there is a consideration of how specific parts of the brain provide a cognitive map and a neural compass. A deeply influential view is that the hippocampus — a brain structure that in humans in essential for normal memory — contains of cognitive map. Work on place cells, the element of this map, and head-direction and grid neurons is summarised. This book also considers the neurology of spatial disorientation and the tendency of patients with Alzheimer's disease to lose their way. It concludes with the proposal that we get lost because our brain's compass becomes misoriented.
Gianluca Raccagni
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264713
- eISBN:
- 9780191734847
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264713.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
The Lombard League was an association created by the city republics of northern Italy in the 12th century in order to defend their autonomy and that of the papacy in a struggle against the German ...
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The Lombard League was an association created by the city republics of northern Italy in the 12th century in order to defend their autonomy and that of the papacy in a struggle against the German Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa. The League has enjoyed an iconic status, and in the nineteenth century was glorified as a precursor of the Italian struggle for independence in political and historical pamphlets as well as in paintings, novels, and even operas. The League played a crucial role in the evolution of Italy’s political landscape, but it did more than ensure its continued fragmentation. Historiography, in fact, has overlooked the collegial cooperation among the medieval Italian polities and this volume examines the League’s structure, activity, place in political thought, and links with regional identities. Using documentary evidence, histories, letters, inscriptions, and contemporary troubadour poems as well as rhetorical and juridical treatises, the book argues that the League was not just a momentary anti-imperial military alliance, but a body that also provided collective approaches to regional problems, ranging from the peaceful resolution of disputes to the management of regional lines of communication, usurping, in some cases, imperial prerogatives. Yet the League never rejected imperial overlordship per se, and this book explains how it survived after the end of the conflict against Frederick I, one of its most lasting legacies being the settlement that it reached with the empire, the Peace of Constance, which became the Magna Carta of the northern Italian polities.Less
The Lombard League was an association created by the city republics of northern Italy in the 12th century in order to defend their autonomy and that of the papacy in a struggle against the German Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa. The League has enjoyed an iconic status, and in the nineteenth century was glorified as a precursor of the Italian struggle for independence in political and historical pamphlets as well as in paintings, novels, and even operas. The League played a crucial role in the evolution of Italy’s political landscape, but it did more than ensure its continued fragmentation. Historiography, in fact, has overlooked the collegial cooperation among the medieval Italian polities and this volume examines the League’s structure, activity, place in political thought, and links with regional identities. Using documentary evidence, histories, letters, inscriptions, and contemporary troubadour poems as well as rhetorical and juridical treatises, the book argues that the League was not just a momentary anti-imperial military alliance, but a body that also provided collective approaches to regional problems, ranging from the peaceful resolution of disputes to the management of regional lines of communication, usurping, in some cases, imperial prerogatives. Yet the League never rejected imperial overlordship per se, and this book explains how it survived after the end of the conflict against Frederick I, one of its most lasting legacies being the settlement that it reached with the empire, the Peace of Constance, which became the Magna Carta of the northern Italian polities.
You‐tien Hsing
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199568048
- eISBN:
- 9780191721632
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199568048.003.0002
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Political Economy
Chapter 1 introduces the empirical and theoretical background of the project with its focus on the connection between land and urban politics. Persistent state land tenure in China ...
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Chapter 1 introduces the empirical and theoretical background of the project with its focus on the connection between land and urban politics. Persistent state land tenure in China has triggered fierce competition among state actors for land rents and territorial control, and provides an opportunity to reconsider theories of the state, power, and territory. Key differences between the concepts of “urbanization of the local state” and “state‐led urbanization” are also discussed. On the societal front, the land‐based regime of accumulation has fuelled distributional politics over land in different types of places, which offers an opportunity to add to geographers' theorization of location, locale, place, and territory. The second part is a methodological note on the challenges of doing fieldwork on the politics of land in China, and the author's strategies for data collection and interpretation. The chapter ends with an organizational overview of the book and brief summaries of each chapter.Less
Chapter 1 introduces the empirical and theoretical background of the project with its focus on the connection between land and urban politics. Persistent state land tenure in China has triggered fierce competition among state actors for land rents and territorial control, and provides an opportunity to reconsider theories of the state, power, and territory. Key differences between the concepts of “urbanization of the local state” and “state‐led urbanization” are also discussed. On the societal front, the land‐based regime of accumulation has fuelled distributional politics over land in different types of places, which offers an opportunity to add to geographers' theorization of location, locale, place, and territory. The second part is a methodological note on the challenges of doing fieldwork on the politics of land in China, and the author's strategies for data collection and interpretation. The chapter ends with an organizational overview of the book and brief summaries of each chapter.
Bonnie Mann
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195187458
- eISBN:
- 9780199786565
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195187458.003.0009
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Feminist Philosophy
This chapter describes one type of sublime experience that often tears open the sealed worlds that tend to mark our contemporary life, called the “the natural sublime”. Natural sublime shows us that ...
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This chapter describes one type of sublime experience that often tears open the sealed worlds that tend to mark our contemporary life, called the “the natural sublime”. Natural sublime shows us that while the two realms of necessity and freedom are distinct, they are not separate. Either eliding the distinction between them or treating them as quite separate results in the misunderstanding of both realms.Less
This chapter describes one type of sublime experience that often tears open the sealed worlds that tend to mark our contemporary life, called the “the natural sublime”. Natural sublime shows us that while the two realms of necessity and freedom are distinct, they are not separate. Either eliding the distinction between them or treating them as quite separate results in the misunderstanding of both realms.
Cornelia B. Horn
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199277537
- eISBN:
- 9780191604171
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199277532.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
This chapter examines the role of the Holy Land as a singular setting for the Christological controversies in the 5th century. In the context of pilgrimage to the numerous holy places, Peter’s own ...
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This chapter examines the role of the Holy Land as a singular setting for the Christological controversies in the 5th century. In the context of pilgrimage to the numerous holy places, Peter’s own role as a pilgrim to the Holy Land comes into focus. The spiritual and political implications of his personal pilgrimage as well as the sensitivities of anti-Chalcedonians concerning the fact that the holy places were in the hands of ‘heretical’ Chalcedonians are crucial to understand both Peter’s role as well as the model held out for future generations by Rufus.Less
This chapter examines the role of the Holy Land as a singular setting for the Christological controversies in the 5th century. In the context of pilgrimage to the numerous holy places, Peter’s own role as a pilgrim to the Holy Land comes into focus. The spiritual and political implications of his personal pilgrimage as well as the sensitivities of anti-Chalcedonians concerning the fact that the holy places were in the hands of ‘heretical’ Chalcedonians are crucial to understand both Peter’s role as well as the model held out for future generations by Rufus.
David Bostock
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199286867
- eISBN:
- 9780191603532
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199286868.003.0008
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Ancient Philosophy
This brief note discusses a thesis due to Ben Morison: that Aristotle’s account of place can be rescued from the usual objections by accepting his claim that the universe as a whole is at rest, and ...
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This brief note discusses a thesis due to Ben Morison: that Aristotle’s account of place can be rescued from the usual objections by accepting his claim that the universe as a whole is at rest, and taking the relevant ‘surrounding body’ always to be the universe as a whole. It is argued that this defence does not work because the relevant body that Aristotle believes to be at rest is the earth, which is not (usually) a ‘surrounding’ body, but which should have played a crucial role in his account of place.Less
This brief note discusses a thesis due to Ben Morison: that Aristotle’s account of place can be rescued from the usual objections by accepting his claim that the universe as a whole is at rest, and taking the relevant ‘surrounding body’ always to be the universe as a whole. It is argued that this defence does not work because the relevant body that Aristotle believes to be at rest is the earth, which is not (usually) a ‘surrounding’ body, but which should have played a crucial role in his account of place.
Neil Burgess and Chris M. Bird
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195323245
- eISBN:
- 9780199869268
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195323245.003.0011
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience
Single-cell recording from hippocampal place cells has enabled the development of detailed models of spatial memory. This chapter focuses on the BVC model, which predicts a role for the hippocampus ...
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Single-cell recording from hippocampal place cells has enabled the development of detailed models of spatial memory. This chapter focuses on the BVC model, which predicts a role for the hippocampus in the construction of rich and dynamic first-person perspective imagery. Episodic memory is simply one form of imagery — the reconstruction of previously experienced events. The ability to construct such images gives rise to feelings of recollection or re-experiencing the events. The model also predicts a role for the hippocampus in some forms of spatial working memory and the ability to construct novel images, consistent with recent experimental data.Less
Single-cell recording from hippocampal place cells has enabled the development of detailed models of spatial memory. This chapter focuses on the BVC model, which predicts a role for the hippocampus in the construction of rich and dynamic first-person perspective imagery. Episodic memory is simply one form of imagery — the reconstruction of previously experienced events. The ability to construct such images gives rise to feelings of recollection or re-experiencing the events. The model also predicts a role for the hippocampus in some forms of spatial working memory and the ability to construct novel images, consistent with recent experimental data.
Sara N. Burke and Carol A. Barnes
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195323245
- eISBN:
- 9780199869268
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195323245.003.0028
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience
This chapter reviews current knowledge about aged neural ensembles in the hippocampus and how alterations in the dynamics of these circuits are linked to memory decline. Topics discussed include ...
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This chapter reviews current knowledge about aged neural ensembles in the hippocampus and how alterations in the dynamics of these circuits are linked to memory decline. Topics discussed include fundamental properties of place cells in young and old rats, advanced age and the dynamic properties of hippocampal place cells, and memory decline. It is shown that old rats have notable differences in the dynamic properties of CA1 place fields, and several of these differences correspond with observed age-associated behavioral deficits. Aged rats fail to show experience-dependent place field expansion plasticity to the same extent as young rats. Between episodes of experience in a single environment, aged rats are also impaired at maintaining stable spatial representations in the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus. This observation is consistent with the finding that old rats exhibit impaired performance on tasks requiring the solution of an allocentric spatial reference frame.Less
This chapter reviews current knowledge about aged neural ensembles in the hippocampus and how alterations in the dynamics of these circuits are linked to memory decline. Topics discussed include fundamental properties of place cells in young and old rats, advanced age and the dynamic properties of hippocampal place cells, and memory decline. It is shown that old rats have notable differences in the dynamic properties of CA1 place fields, and several of these differences correspond with observed age-associated behavioral deficits. Aged rats fail to show experience-dependent place field expansion plasticity to the same extent as young rats. Between episodes of experience in a single environment, aged rats are also impaired at maintaining stable spatial representations in the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus. This observation is consistent with the finding that old rats exhibit impaired performance on tasks requiring the solution of an allocentric spatial reference frame.
Kathryn J. Jeffery
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195323245
- eISBN:
- 9780199869268
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195323245.003.0005
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience
This chapter reviews attempts to determine how activity of neurons in the place system — place cells and the more recently discovered head direction and entorhinal grid cells — relates to what the ...
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This chapter reviews attempts to determine how activity of neurons in the place system — place cells and the more recently discovered head direction and entorhinal grid cells — relates to what the animal “knows”, as manifest by how it behaves. Beginning with O'Keefe and Nadel's cognitive map hypothesis, the chapter explores the extent to which behavioral experiments have supported this idea, before turning to the question of how, if at all, these neurons contribute to episodic memory. It argues that while data suggesting a role for place cells in encoding transient events are scarce, data suggesting that cells may encode the spatial-contextual scaffolding for the attachment of episodic memory are plentiful and plausible.Less
This chapter reviews attempts to determine how activity of neurons in the place system — place cells and the more recently discovered head direction and entorhinal grid cells — relates to what the animal “knows”, as manifest by how it behaves. Beginning with O'Keefe and Nadel's cognitive map hypothesis, the chapter explores the extent to which behavioral experiments have supported this idea, before turning to the question of how, if at all, these neurons contribute to episodic memory. It argues that while data suggesting a role for place cells in encoding transient events are scarce, data suggesting that cells may encode the spatial-contextual scaffolding for the attachment of episodic memory are plentiful and plausible.
Etienne Save and Bruno Poucet
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195323245
- eISBN:
- 9780199869268
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195323245.003.0010
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience
This chapter reviews relevant data on the relationships between place cell firing and animals' spatial behavior. Evidence suggests that there is an interaction between place cells and behavior. Two ...
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This chapter reviews relevant data on the relationships between place cell firing and animals' spatial behavior. Evidence suggests that there is an interaction between place cells and behavior. Two complementary aspects of this interaction have emerged from these studies — namely, that place cells guide spatial behavior and, conversely, that behavior influences place cell firing.Less
This chapter reviews relevant data on the relationships between place cell firing and animals' spatial behavior. Evidence suggests that there is an interaction between place cells and behavior. Two complementary aspects of this interaction have emerged from these studies — namely, that place cells guide spatial behavior and, conversely, that behavior influences place cell firing.
Mary McClintock Fulkerson
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199296477
- eISBN:
- 9780191711930
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199296477.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter focuses on the practices of Good Samaritan UMC in an attempt to become place for all to appear. Having reviewed the prominent practices that made this place, the question now is what ...
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This chapter focuses on the practices of Good Samaritan UMC in an attempt to become place for all to appear. Having reviewed the prominent practices that made this place, the question now is what they have in common and how they diverge. First, a synchronic look at three dominant images articulated in the practices and wider conversations in the community, always attending to the contributions of bodily habituations. Then, for a diachronic sense of communal identity the chapter turns to the role of conflict in the community, asking how divergence over time helped define both identity and faithfulness to identity. Finally, the chapter explores the role of the larger social formation in producing this place.Less
This chapter focuses on the practices of Good Samaritan UMC in an attempt to become place for all to appear. Having reviewed the prominent practices that made this place, the question now is what they have in common and how they diverge. First, a synchronic look at three dominant images articulated in the practices and wider conversations in the community, always attending to the contributions of bodily habituations. Then, for a diachronic sense of communal identity the chapter turns to the role of conflict in the community, asking how divergence over time helped define both identity and faithfulness to identity. Finally, the chapter explores the role of the larger social formation in producing this place.
Mary McClintock Fulkerson
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199296477
- eISBN:
- 9780191711930
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199296477.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter discusses the challenge that honoring worldliness presents for some traditional ways of thinking about theology. Topics covered include faith-place as challenge, place and theological ...
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This chapter discusses the challenge that honoring worldliness presents for some traditional ways of thinking about theology. Topics covered include faith-place as challenge, place and theological anthropology, the grace of the place, and practical theology and the place.Less
This chapter discusses the challenge that honoring worldliness presents for some traditional ways of thinking about theology. Topics covered include faith-place as challenge, place and theological anthropology, the grace of the place, and practical theology and the place.
