Javier DeFelipe
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195392708
- eISBN:
- 9780199863525
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195392708.001.0001
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, History of Neuroscience, Molecular and Cellular Systems
This book contains a large collection of beautiful figures produced throughout the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, which represent some characteristic examples of the early days of research ...
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This book contains a large collection of beautiful figures produced throughout the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, which represent some characteristic examples of the early days of research in neuroscience. The main aim of this work is to demonstrate to the general public that the study of the nervous system is not only important for the many obvious reasons related to brain function in both health and disease, but also for the unexpected natural beauty that it beholds. This beauty has been discovered thanks to the techniques used to visualize the microscopic structure of the brain, a true forest of colorful and florid neural cells. As illustrated by his marvelous drawings, the studies of Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852-1934) no doubt contributed more than those of any other researcher at the time to the growth of modern neuroscience. Thus, his name has been honored in the title of this book, even though the figures contained in the main body of it are from 91 different authors. Looking at the illustrations in this book, the readers will find that many of the early researchers that studied the nervous system were also true artists, of considerable talent and esthetic sensibility. Hence, the present book contains numerous drawings of some of the most important pioneers in neuroscience, including Deiters, Kolliker, Meynert, Ranvier, Golgi, Retzius, Nissl, Dogiel, Alzheimer, del Rio-Hortega, and de Castro.Less
This book contains a large collection of beautiful figures produced throughout the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, which represent some characteristic examples of the early days of research in neuroscience. The main aim of this work is to demonstrate to the general public that the study of the nervous system is not only important for the many obvious reasons related to brain function in both health and disease, but also for the unexpected natural beauty that it beholds. This beauty has been discovered thanks to the techniques used to visualize the microscopic structure of the brain, a true forest of colorful and florid neural cells. As illustrated by his marvelous drawings, the studies of Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852-1934) no doubt contributed more than those of any other researcher at the time to the growth of modern neuroscience. Thus, his name has been honored in the title of this book, even though the figures contained in the main body of it are from 91 different authors. Looking at the illustrations in this book, the readers will find that many of the early researchers that studied the nervous system were also true artists, of considerable talent and esthetic sensibility. Hence, the present book contains numerous drawings of some of the most important pioneers in neuroscience, including Deiters, Kolliker, Meynert, Ranvier, Golgi, Retzius, Nissl, Dogiel, Alzheimer, del Rio-Hortega, and de Castro.
Matthew Rebhorn
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199751303
- eISBN:
- 9780199932559
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199751303.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, American, 19th Century Literature, Drama
Pioneer Performances: Staging the Frontier, 1829–1893, offers the first synoptic treatment of the history of American frontier performance ranging from Jacksonian America to Buffalo ...
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Pioneer Performances: Staging the Frontier, 1829–1893, offers the first synoptic treatment of the history of American frontier performance ranging from Jacksonian America to Buffalo Bill's Wild West show at the Columbian Exposition of 1893. This project is not simply an addition to the history of the American theater. It reconceives how the frontier was—and still is—defined in performance and what it means for that frontier to be called “American.” This project finds, in a series of plays written between 1829 and 1881, a theatrical genealogy that worked aesthetically and politically to challenge Manifest Destiny. By tracing performances of frontiersmen and freaks, Indians and octoroons in theaters stretching from Massachusetts to Georgia, this work shows how a succession of authors created the image of a transgressive frontier. They put that transgressive image with its fluid construction of identity up against the melodramatic frontier of hegemonic expansion that led to Buffalo Bill. This project argues that American theatrical aesthetics changed to accommodate alternative modes of performance in the nineteenth century, making the performance of the frontier the central genre in the construction of American drama. The American frontier is not just a historical “process” or a geographic “place,” as recent revisionist historians have argued. Rather, it is a set of performative practices conditioned by history and geography. Most Americans did not travel outside the metropole. For them, the frontier was created as much on the footboards of New York City as on the plains of the West, and for them, the frontier performed in the theater was thematically richer, more diverse, and more radical than critics have acknowledged.Less
Pioneer Performances: Staging the Frontier, 1829–1893, offers the first synoptic treatment of the history of American frontier performance ranging from Jacksonian America to Buffalo Bill's Wild West show at the Columbian Exposition of 1893. This project is not simply an addition to the history of the American theater. It reconceives how the frontier was—and still is—defined in performance and what it means for that frontier to be called “American.” This project finds, in a series of plays written between 1829 and 1881, a theatrical genealogy that worked aesthetically and politically to challenge Manifest Destiny. By tracing performances of frontiersmen and freaks, Indians and octoroons in theaters stretching from Massachusetts to Georgia, this work shows how a succession of authors created the image of a transgressive frontier. They put that transgressive image with its fluid construction of identity up against the melodramatic frontier of hegemonic expansion that led to Buffalo Bill. This project argues that American theatrical aesthetics changed to accommodate alternative modes of performance in the nineteenth century, making the performance of the frontier the central genre in the construction of American drama. The American frontier is not just a historical “process” or a geographic “place,” as recent revisionist historians have argued. Rather, it is a set of performative practices conditioned by history and geography. Most Americans did not travel outside the metropole. For them, the frontier was created as much on the footboards of New York City as on the plains of the West, and for them, the frontier performed in the theater was thematically richer, more diverse, and more radical than critics have acknowledged.
Philip V. Bohlman
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195178326
- eISBN:
- 9780199869992
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195178326.003.0007
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
The ontologies of Jewish music changed to reflect a transformation of the past into a utopian future at the end of the long nineteenth century, especially as World War I brought about the end of much ...
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The ontologies of Jewish music changed to reflect a transformation of the past into a utopian future at the end of the long nineteenth century, especially as World War I brought about the end of much traditional Jewish life in Europe. New cultural movements swept the Diaspora, not least among them Zionism, both in cultural and in political forms. Jewish music absorbed the images of the new utopias beyond the crisis of modernity: the paradise of a modern Israel; new forms of settlement, such as the collective kibbutz; the pioneer songs that allowed Jews in the Diaspora to sing in Hebrew about the past that had the potential to be the future. The case studies in the chapter include the attempt to create a canon of national Israeli art songs in the 1930s and the endeavors of the first organization cultivating Jewish music in the Yishuv, the World Centre for Jewish Music in Palestine, in the late 1930s.Less
The ontologies of Jewish music changed to reflect a transformation of the past into a utopian future at the end of the long nineteenth century, especially as World War I brought about the end of much traditional Jewish life in Europe. New cultural movements swept the Diaspora, not least among them Zionism, both in cultural and in political forms. Jewish music absorbed the images of the new utopias beyond the crisis of modernity: the paradise of a modern Israel; new forms of settlement, such as the collective kibbutz; the pioneer songs that allowed Jews in the Diaspora to sing in Hebrew about the past that had the potential to be the future. The case studies in the chapter include the attempt to create a canon of national Israeli art songs in the 1930s and the endeavors of the first organization cultivating Jewish music in the Yishuv, the World Centre for Jewish Music in Palestine, in the late 1930s.
Thomas Harrison
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199253555
- eISBN:
- 9780191715112
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199253555.003.0010
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval, European History: BCE to 500CE
This chapter presents some concluding thoughts from the author. This book shows that both Herodotus the pioneer, fully abreast of his age, and Herodotus the ‘last great exponent of the archaic ...
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This chapter presents some concluding thoughts from the author. This book shows that both Herodotus the pioneer, fully abreast of his age, and Herodotus the ‘last great exponent of the archaic world-view’ are equally caricatures. The most powerful impression that should be taken away from the study of Herodotus' belief is of their complexity and of the assurance with which he holds them.Less
This chapter presents some concluding thoughts from the author. This book shows that both Herodotus the pioneer, fully abreast of his age, and Herodotus the ‘last great exponent of the archaic world-view’ are equally caricatures. The most powerful impression that should be taken away from the study of Herodotus' belief is of their complexity and of the assurance with which he holds them.
Julia L. Mickenberg
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195152807
- eISBN:
- 9780199788903
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195152807.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This chapter explores how proletarian or revolutionary children's literature produced under the aegis of the Communist Party set precedents for popular children's literature produced in the 1940s and ...
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This chapter explores how proletarian or revolutionary children's literature produced under the aegis of the Communist Party set precedents for popular children's literature produced in the 1940s and later by leftists. Building on models imported from the Soviet Union and Europe, as well as literature written early in the 20th century for Socialist Sunday Schools and often incorporating themes, principles, and aesthetics from progressive education, proletarian children's literature was limited in its audience because of its sectarian tone. However, it represents a conscious attempt to make children's literature part of a radical party program, and it often foregrounded scientific, historical, and anti-racist themes that would recur in later, more mainstream work by radicals. The chapter gives particular attention to the magazine of the Communist Young Pioneers, the New Pioneer, which published the work of several individuals who would later become writers or illustrators of popular books for children, among them Syd Hoff (writing here as A. Redfield), Helen Kay, Ben Appel, William Gropper, Myra Page, and Ernest Crichlow. The chapter concludes with a discussion of Popo and Fifina, Children of Haiti, by Langston Hughes and Arna Bontemps, a book that was arguably proletarian in its subject matter but written for a popular audience.Less
This chapter explores how proletarian or revolutionary children's literature produced under the aegis of the Communist Party set precedents for popular children's literature produced in the 1940s and later by leftists. Building on models imported from the Soviet Union and Europe, as well as literature written early in the 20th century for Socialist Sunday Schools and often incorporating themes, principles, and aesthetics from progressive education, proletarian children's literature was limited in its audience because of its sectarian tone. However, it represents a conscious attempt to make children's literature part of a radical party program, and it often foregrounded scientific, historical, and anti-racist themes that would recur in later, more mainstream work by radicals. The chapter gives particular attention to the magazine of the Communist Young Pioneers, the New Pioneer, which published the work of several individuals who would later become writers or illustrators of popular books for children, among them Syd Hoff (writing here as A. Redfield), Helen Kay, Ben Appel, William Gropper, Myra Page, and Ernest Crichlow. The chapter concludes with a discussion of Popo and Fifina, Children of Haiti, by Langston Hughes and Arna Bontemps, a book that was arguably proletarian in its subject matter but written for a popular audience.
Richard Ralph (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748635849
- eISBN:
- 9780748671120
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748635849.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Social History
The text offers a conspectus of the work of Professor McGowan and, in particular, focuses on French culture in the 16th and 17th centuries; the development of the study of dance in this early period ...
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The text offers a conspectus of the work of Professor McGowan and, in particular, focuses on French culture in the 16th and 17th centuries; the development of the study of dance in this early period and of the appropriate theoretical and historical approaches needed to bring court culture and choreographies of the baroque to the critical attention of modern scholars.Less
The text offers a conspectus of the work of Professor McGowan and, in particular, focuses on French culture in the 16th and 17th centuries; the development of the study of dance in this early period and of the appropriate theoretical and historical approaches needed to bring court culture and choreographies of the baroque to the critical attention of modern scholars.
Sarah Koenig
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- January 2022
- ISBN:
- 9780300251005
- eISBN:
- 9780300258585
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300251005.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
This chapter focuses on another of Marcus Whitman's missionary associates, William Henry Gray, who participated in the first efforts to commemorate the Pacific Northwest's Anglo-American pioneers. It ...
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This chapter focuses on another of Marcus Whitman's missionary associates, William Henry Gray, who participated in the first efforts to commemorate the Pacific Northwest's Anglo-American pioneers. It highlights the Oregonians' mythology of Whitman in their earliest attempts to create a regional history, which made Henry Harmon Spalding's providential history a part of broader struggles over regional identity. It also talks about the establishment of the Pioneer and Historical Society of Oregon, which is a Protestant-leaning organization that fashioned Whitman into a key symbol of Oregon's white Christian pioneer heritage. The chapter refers to detractors of the Whitman story who sought to demonstrate that the West was abandoning local legends in favor of modern historical methods. It emphasizes two conflicting historical methodologies: pioneer providentialism and pioneer secularism.Less
This chapter focuses on another of Marcus Whitman's missionary associates, William Henry Gray, who participated in the first efforts to commemorate the Pacific Northwest's Anglo-American pioneers. It highlights the Oregonians' mythology of Whitman in their earliest attempts to create a regional history, which made Henry Harmon Spalding's providential history a part of broader struggles over regional identity. It also talks about the establishment of the Pioneer and Historical Society of Oregon, which is a Protestant-leaning organization that fashioned Whitman into a key symbol of Oregon's white Christian pioneer heritage. The chapter refers to detractors of the Whitman story who sought to demonstrate that the West was abandoning local legends in favor of modern historical methods. It emphasizes two conflicting historical methodologies: pioneer providentialism and pioneer secularism.
Winifred Breines
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195179040
- eISBN:
- 9780199788583
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195179040.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This book considers why a racially integrated feminist movement did not develop in the second wave of the feminist movement in the 1970s. It looks at radical white and black women in the civil rights ...
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This book considers why a racially integrated feminist movement did not develop in the second wave of the feminist movement in the 1970s. It looks at radical white and black women in the civil rights movement: black women in the Black Power movement and the Black Panther Party; Bread and Roses, a primarily white Boston socialist feminist organization, black feminism with a focus on the Combahee River Collective in Boston; and cross-racial work and conferences in the late 1970s and early 1980s. It asks why the primarily white radical feminist movement has been considered racist and whether white women's racism kept African Americans away from the white movement. White radical feminists were committed to racial equality and to building a racially integrated movement. But due to young white radical women's romanticism, unconscious racism, segregated upbringing, and class privileges, the radical feminist movement they built was not attractive to black women. Influenced by the Black Power movement, radical black women were wary of white women. They distrusted white women's privilege, their focus on sisterhood without clearly recognizing difference based on race and class, and white women's innocence. Further, African American women were uninterested in white feminism because they were politically engaged with black nationalism and racial pride. Radical black women came to believe that they had to develop their own feminism, one which recognized the centrality of race and class to gender difference. Eventually, through much work and pain, instances occurred in which white and black feminists worked together politically. Their learning curve about gender, race, and class was steep in these years. Youthful American radical feminists were racial pioneers in developing a social movement that demonstrated politically how gender, race, and class are central to understanding and struggling against social inequality.Less
This book considers why a racially integrated feminist movement did not develop in the second wave of the feminist movement in the 1970s. It looks at radical white and black women in the civil rights movement: black women in the Black Power movement and the Black Panther Party; Bread and Roses, a primarily white Boston socialist feminist organization, black feminism with a focus on the Combahee River Collective in Boston; and cross-racial work and conferences in the late 1970s and early 1980s. It asks why the primarily white radical feminist movement has been considered racist and whether white women's racism kept African Americans away from the white movement. White radical feminists were committed to racial equality and to building a racially integrated movement. But due to young white radical women's romanticism, unconscious racism, segregated upbringing, and class privileges, the radical feminist movement they built was not attractive to black women. Influenced by the Black Power movement, radical black women were wary of white women. They distrusted white women's privilege, their focus on sisterhood without clearly recognizing difference based on race and class, and white women's innocence. Further, African American women were uninterested in white feminism because they were politically engaged with black nationalism and racial pride. Radical black women came to believe that they had to develop their own feminism, one which recognized the centrality of race and class to gender difference. Eventually, through much work and pain, instances occurred in which white and black feminists worked together politically. Their learning curve about gender, race, and class was steep in these years. Youthful American radical feminists were racial pioneers in developing a social movement that demonstrated politically how gender, race, and class are central to understanding and struggling against social inequality.
Toshimasa Yasukata
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195144949
- eISBN:
- 9780199834891
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195144945.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
Presents an argument for Lessing's significance for German intellectual history as well as his significance for modern Protestant theology. The assertion made here is that Lessing, as a pioneer among ...
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Presents an argument for Lessing's significance for German intellectual history as well as his significance for modern Protestant theology. The assertion made here is that Lessing, as a pioneer among the nontheologians who fostered the development of modern theology, belongs to the arena of the history of theology, even though he was not a theologian by profession. The task of articulating Lessing's theology or philosophy of religion is a difficult task that demands meticulous treatment. In order to escape the famous dilemma posed by Friedrich Loofs when he claimed that Lessing's “esoteric view” is concealed behind impenetrable “exoteric” walls, we consider the question of methodology for Lessing studies and reexamine old interpretive methods. The new method introduced here involves a heuristic and contextual interpretation of each of Lessing's cardinal texts, or an “intellectual assay” into the hidden and presumably rich vein of his thought with an eye to systematic reconstruction in future.Less
Presents an argument for Lessing's significance for German intellectual history as well as his significance for modern Protestant theology. The assertion made here is that Lessing, as a pioneer among the nontheologians who fostered the development of modern theology, belongs to the arena of the history of theology, even though he was not a theologian by profession. The task of articulating Lessing's theology or philosophy of religion is a difficult task that demands meticulous treatment. In order to escape the famous dilemma posed by Friedrich Loofs when he claimed that Lessing's “esoteric view” is concealed behind impenetrable “exoteric” walls, we consider the question of methodology for Lessing studies and reexamine old interpretive methods. The new method introduced here involves a heuristic and contextual interpretation of each of Lessing's cardinal texts, or an “intellectual assay” into the hidden and presumably rich vein of his thought with an eye to systematic reconstruction in future.
Terryl L. Givens
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195138184
- eISBN:
- 9780199834211
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019513818X.003.0010
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Many facets of Mormon history have shaped the Church's history and identity. Unlike polygamy or pioneer migrations, the Book of Mormon will always be a constant in the faith group, and thus is a ...
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Many facets of Mormon history have shaped the Church's history and identity. Unlike polygamy or pioneer migrations, the Book of Mormon will always be a constant in the faith group, and thus is a prime factor in defining Mormon culture, ethnicity, or religiosity. Assent to Smith's story of its origins is the foundation of faith in the religion itself. Since the Book of Mormon received renewed emphasis under Ezra Taft Benson in the 1980s, the scripture increasingly found a cultural vocabulary that gives cohesion and distinctness to the Mormon people. Heroes, villains, plots, motifs, and objects – from Captain Moroni to Lemuel to the stripling warriors to Rameumpton to the Liahona – provide members with a private language that shapes and defines their collective experience while helping maintain the cultural distinctness that has always been a hallmark of Mormonism.Less
Many facets of Mormon history have shaped the Church's history and identity. Unlike polygamy or pioneer migrations, the Book of Mormon will always be a constant in the faith group, and thus is a prime factor in defining Mormon culture, ethnicity, or religiosity. Assent to Smith's story of its origins is the foundation of faith in the religion itself. Since the Book of Mormon received renewed emphasis under Ezra Taft Benson in the 1980s, the scripture increasingly found a cultural vocabulary that gives cohesion and distinctness to the Mormon people. Heroes, villains, plots, motifs, and objects – from Captain Moroni to Lemuel to the stripling warriors to Rameumpton to the Liahona – provide members with a private language that shapes and defines their collective experience while helping maintain the cultural distinctness that has always been a hallmark of Mormonism.
Edward Dallam Melillo
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780300206623
- eISBN:
- 9780300216486
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300206623.003.0010
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This epilogue considers the remnants of the deep historical connections between Chile and California. In California, Place-names, such as Chili Gulch (Calaveras County), Chili Bar (El Dorado County), ...
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This epilogue considers the remnants of the deep historical connections between Chile and California. In California, Place-names, such as Chili Gulch (Calaveras County), Chili Bar (El Dorado County), Chileno Valley (Marin County), Chileno Creek (Merced County), and Chileno Canyon (Los Angeles County) attest to the sites where Chilean pioneers established mining camps or longer-term settlements. Below the streets of San Francisco, the mud-sealed hulls of Chilean ships serve as a subterranean skeleton for the city's shoreline district. In Chile, stretches of iron railroad track, omnipresent clusters of poppies, and ubiquitous stands of Monterey pines serve as tangible reminders of the Californian presence in Chile's landscapes. In 2008, Chilean scientists recorded 1212 alien plant species in California and 593 in central Chile, of which 491 are shared between the two regions.Less
This epilogue considers the remnants of the deep historical connections between Chile and California. In California, Place-names, such as Chili Gulch (Calaveras County), Chili Bar (El Dorado County), Chileno Valley (Marin County), Chileno Creek (Merced County), and Chileno Canyon (Los Angeles County) attest to the sites where Chilean pioneers established mining camps or longer-term settlements. Below the streets of San Francisco, the mud-sealed hulls of Chilean ships serve as a subterranean skeleton for the city's shoreline district. In Chile, stretches of iron railroad track, omnipresent clusters of poppies, and ubiquitous stands of Monterey pines serve as tangible reminders of the Californian presence in Chile's landscapes. In 2008, Chilean scientists recorded 1212 alien plant species in California and 593 in central Chile, of which 491 are shared between the two regions.
Neil Smith
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520230279
- eISBN:
- 9780520931527
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520230279.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter studies pioneer settlement and research on frontiers. It shows that Bowman's interest in “pioneering” belts and frontier settlement was personal; it was previously noted that he spent ...
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This chapter studies pioneer settlement and research on frontiers. It shows that Bowman's interest in “pioneering” belts and frontier settlement was personal; it was previously noted that he spent some time on the family farm. The next section looks at the human geographies of the frontier and the significance of the frontier-pioneer studies project, which had to do with the course of geography as a discipline. This is followed by a discussion of geography and the social sciences. The chapter ends with sections on modern pioneering and Bowman's romance with the frontier.Less
This chapter studies pioneer settlement and research on frontiers. It shows that Bowman's interest in “pioneering” belts and frontier settlement was personal; it was previously noted that he spent some time on the family farm. The next section looks at the human geographies of the frontier and the significance of the frontier-pioneer studies project, which had to do with the course of geography as a discipline. This is followed by a discussion of geography and the social sciences. The chapter ends with sections on modern pioneering and Bowman's romance with the frontier.
Martina Cvajner
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226662251
- eISBN:
- 9780226662428
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226662428.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
What happens when a number of middle-aged, educated women – most of them mothers or grandmothers – see the last remnants of their previous professional and family lives destroyed by the umpteenth ...
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What happens when a number of middle-aged, educated women – most of them mothers or grandmothers – see the last remnants of their previous professional and family lives destroyed by the umpteenth sudden geopolitical crisis? When they migrate alone – outside of any official recruitment program, without relying on any network of already settled relatives – to an area with no previous history of immigration from their lands? When the only job open to them – live-in care work for elderly people – is one they feel is deeply degrading? While migration studies represent a vast field, we know little about the ways in which migrant pioneers, especially women pioneers, experience the contingencies that shape their emigration lives. This book tackles this under-researched area through the ethnographic story of a group of women pioneers emigrating from Eastern Europe to take jobs as care workers in northern Italy. Offering a contribution to the long-neglected field of the social psychology of migration, it deals with geographical mobility as lived experience, and it investigates how migration triggers changes in the ways migrants perceive themselves and others and the ways in which they learn to practice a new moral grammar that allows them to locate themselves in new contexts. Nearly two decades of intensive field work reveals the complex set of interactional encounters through which these women pioneers fashion new selves and construct a new meaningful social world out of the new conditions.Less
What happens when a number of middle-aged, educated women – most of them mothers or grandmothers – see the last remnants of their previous professional and family lives destroyed by the umpteenth sudden geopolitical crisis? When they migrate alone – outside of any official recruitment program, without relying on any network of already settled relatives – to an area with no previous history of immigration from their lands? When the only job open to them – live-in care work for elderly people – is one they feel is deeply degrading? While migration studies represent a vast field, we know little about the ways in which migrant pioneers, especially women pioneers, experience the contingencies that shape their emigration lives. This book tackles this under-researched area through the ethnographic story of a group of women pioneers emigrating from Eastern Europe to take jobs as care workers in northern Italy. Offering a contribution to the long-neglected field of the social psychology of migration, it deals with geographical mobility as lived experience, and it investigates how migration triggers changes in the ways migrants perceive themselves and others and the ways in which they learn to practice a new moral grammar that allows them to locate themselves in new contexts. Nearly two decades of intensive field work reveals the complex set of interactional encounters through which these women pioneers fashion new selves and construct a new meaningful social world out of the new conditions.
Ira Enell Harrison, Deborah Johnson-Simon, and Erica Lorraine Williams
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780252042027
- eISBN:
- 9780252050763
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252042027.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
This volume brings together emerging and leading scholars in the field of anthropology to reflect on the intellectual trajectories of fifteen African American anthropologists who earned their ...
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This volume brings together emerging and leading scholars in the field of anthropology to reflect on the intellectual trajectories of fifteen African American anthropologists who earned their doctorates in anthropology between 1960 and 1969. Following in the footsteps of African American Pioneers in Anthropology (Harrison and Harrison 1999), this volume documents the quest for knowledge, respect, truth and value in the inspiring work of the next generation of black anthropologists. This volume features the intellectual biographies of James Lowell Gibbs Jr., Charles Warren II, William Alfred Shack, Diane K. Lewis, Delmos Jones, Niara Sudarkasa, Johnnetta Betsch Cole, John Langston Gwaltney, Ira E. Harrison, Audrey Smedley, George Clement Bond, Oliver Osborne, Anselme Remy, Vera Mae Green, and Claudia Mitchell-Kernan. This book reflects on the trajectories, challenges, and accomplishments of this second generation of black anthropologists.Less
This volume brings together emerging and leading scholars in the field of anthropology to reflect on the intellectual trajectories of fifteen African American anthropologists who earned their doctorates in anthropology between 1960 and 1969. Following in the footsteps of African American Pioneers in Anthropology (Harrison and Harrison 1999), this volume documents the quest for knowledge, respect, truth and value in the inspiring work of the next generation of black anthropologists. This volume features the intellectual biographies of James Lowell Gibbs Jr., Charles Warren II, William Alfred Shack, Diane K. Lewis, Delmos Jones, Niara Sudarkasa, Johnnetta Betsch Cole, John Langston Gwaltney, Ira E. Harrison, Audrey Smedley, George Clement Bond, Oliver Osborne, Anselme Remy, Vera Mae Green, and Claudia Mitchell-Kernan. This book reflects on the trajectories, challenges, and accomplishments of this second generation of black anthropologists.
Robert Garland
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691161051
- eISBN:
- 9781400850259
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691161051.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Ancient History / Archaeology
This chapter looks at settlements. The Ionian migration, which was in the nature of a mass exodus, led principally to the settlement of the Aegean islands and the (now Turkish) Western Anatolian ...
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This chapter looks at settlements. The Ionian migration, which was in the nature of a mass exodus, led principally to the settlement of the Aegean islands and the (now Turkish) Western Anatolian coastline in the region between Smyrna and Miletus. Some time later Aeolian Greeks living in Thessaly settled in the region north of Smyrna, while Dorians from the Peloponnese settled to the south of Miletus. A second wave of settlement occurred in the archaic period and lasted from around the middle of the eighth century to the end of the sixth. The chapter assesses why so many Greeks came to settle permanently abroad. One theory is that many settlements were founded in response to overpopulation and land hunger. Another explanation is resource fluctuations. However, though overpopulation and land hunger may have been prominent factors, each community had its own specific mix of reasons for sending pioneers abroad.Less
This chapter looks at settlements. The Ionian migration, which was in the nature of a mass exodus, led principally to the settlement of the Aegean islands and the (now Turkish) Western Anatolian coastline in the region between Smyrna and Miletus. Some time later Aeolian Greeks living in Thessaly settled in the region north of Smyrna, while Dorians from the Peloponnese settled to the south of Miletus. A second wave of settlement occurred in the archaic period and lasted from around the middle of the eighth century to the end of the sixth. The chapter assesses why so many Greeks came to settle permanently abroad. One theory is that many settlements were founded in response to overpopulation and land hunger. Another explanation is resource fluctuations. However, though overpopulation and land hunger may have been prominent factors, each community had its own specific mix of reasons for sending pioneers abroad.
Rachael A. Woldoff
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801449185
- eISBN:
- 9780801461033
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801449185.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
Urban residential integration is often fleeting—a brief snapshot that belies a complex process of racial turnover in many U.S. cities. This book takes readers inside a neighborhood that has shifted ...
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Urban residential integration is often fleeting—a brief snapshot that belies a complex process of racial turnover in many U.S. cities. This book takes readers inside a neighborhood that has shifted rapidly and dramatically in race composition over the last two decades. The book presents a portrait of a working-class neighborhood in the aftermath of white flight, illustrating cultural clashes that accompany racial change as well as common values that transcend race, from the perspectives of three groups: white stayers, black pioneers, and “second-wave” blacks. The book offers a fresh look at race and neighborhoods by documenting a two-stage process of neighborhood transition and focusing on the perspectives of two understudied groups: newly arriving black residents and whites who have stayed in the neighborhood. The book describes the period of transition when white residents still remain, though in diminishing numbers, and a second, less discussed stage of racial change: black flight. It reveals what happens after white flight is complete: “Pioneer” blacks flee to other neighborhoods or else adjust to their new segregated residential environment by coping with the loss of relationships with their longer-term white neighbors, signs of community decline, and conflicts with the incoming second wave of black neighbors.Less
Urban residential integration is often fleeting—a brief snapshot that belies a complex process of racial turnover in many U.S. cities. This book takes readers inside a neighborhood that has shifted rapidly and dramatically in race composition over the last two decades. The book presents a portrait of a working-class neighborhood in the aftermath of white flight, illustrating cultural clashes that accompany racial change as well as common values that transcend race, from the perspectives of three groups: white stayers, black pioneers, and “second-wave” blacks. The book offers a fresh look at race and neighborhoods by documenting a two-stage process of neighborhood transition and focusing on the perspectives of two understudied groups: newly arriving black residents and whites who have stayed in the neighborhood. The book describes the period of transition when white residents still remain, though in diminishing numbers, and a second, less discussed stage of racial change: black flight. It reveals what happens after white flight is complete: “Pioneer” blacks flee to other neighborhoods or else adjust to their new segregated residential environment by coping with the loss of relationships with their longer-term white neighbors, signs of community decline, and conflicts with the incoming second wave of black neighbors.
George Basalla
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195171815
- eISBN:
- 9780199786862
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195171815.003.0007
- Subject:
- Physics, History of Physics
Carl Sagan advised NASA on the Viking mission that landed two spacecraft on Mars (1976). In 1970, he helped prepare interstellar messenger plaques attached to NASA’s Pioneer 10 and 11, the first ...
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Carl Sagan advised NASA on the Viking mission that landed two spacecraft on Mars (1976). In 1970, he helped prepare interstellar messenger plaques attached to NASA’s Pioneer 10 and 11, the first spacecraft to travel to outer space. The small, metal plaques contained coded, visual information about the earth intended for intelligent extraterrestrial beings. By 1977, NASA was ready to send the Voyager spacecraft with more elaborate messages for intelligent aliens: numerous recordings of terrestrial sounds and images. Sagan was deeply involved in the Pioneer and Voyager missions, both signs that America’s space agency had a growing interest in the sometimes controversial search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI).Less
Carl Sagan advised NASA on the Viking mission that landed two spacecraft on Mars (1976). In 1970, he helped prepare interstellar messenger plaques attached to NASA’s Pioneer 10 and 11, the first spacecraft to travel to outer space. The small, metal plaques contained coded, visual information about the earth intended for intelligent extraterrestrial beings. By 1977, NASA was ready to send the Voyager spacecraft with more elaborate messages for intelligent aliens: numerous recordings of terrestrial sounds and images. Sagan was deeply involved in the Pioneer and Voyager missions, both signs that America’s space agency had a growing interest in the sometimes controversial search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI).
Eric von Hippel
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780262035217
- eISBN:
- 9780262335461
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262035217.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Innovation
This book integrates new theory and research findings into the framework of a “free innovation paradigm.” Free innovation, as the book defines it, involves innovations developed by consumers who are ...
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This book integrates new theory and research findings into the framework of a “free innovation paradigm.” Free innovation, as the book defines it, involves innovations developed by consumers who are self-rewarded for their efforts, and who give their designs away “for free.” It is an inherently simple grassroots innovation process, unencumbered by compensated transactions and intellectual property rights. Free innovation is already widespread in national economies and is steadily increasing in both scale and scope. Today, tens of millions of consumers are collectively spending tens of billions of dollars annually on innovation development. However, because free innovations are developed during consumers' unpaid, discretionary time and are given away rather than sold, their collective impact and value have until very recently been hidden from view. This has caused researchers, governments, and firms to focus too much on the Schumpeterian idea of innovation as a producer-dominated activity. Free innovation has both advantages and drawbacks. Because free innovators are self-rewarded by such factors as personal utility, learning, and fun, they often pioneer new areas before producers see commercial potential. At the same time, because they give away their innovations, free innovators generally have very little incentive to invest in diffusing what they create, which reduces the social value of their efforts. The best solution, this book argues, is a division of labor between free innovators and producers, enabling each to do what they do best. The result will be both increased producer profits and increased social welfare—a gain for all.Less
This book integrates new theory and research findings into the framework of a “free innovation paradigm.” Free innovation, as the book defines it, involves innovations developed by consumers who are self-rewarded for their efforts, and who give their designs away “for free.” It is an inherently simple grassroots innovation process, unencumbered by compensated transactions and intellectual property rights. Free innovation is already widespread in national economies and is steadily increasing in both scale and scope. Today, tens of millions of consumers are collectively spending tens of billions of dollars annually on innovation development. However, because free innovations are developed during consumers' unpaid, discretionary time and are given away rather than sold, their collective impact and value have until very recently been hidden from view. This has caused researchers, governments, and firms to focus too much on the Schumpeterian idea of innovation as a producer-dominated activity. Free innovation has both advantages and drawbacks. Because free innovators are self-rewarded by such factors as personal utility, learning, and fun, they often pioneer new areas before producers see commercial potential. At the same time, because they give away their innovations, free innovators generally have very little incentive to invest in diffusing what they create, which reduces the social value of their efforts. The best solution, this book argues, is a division of labor between free innovators and producers, enabling each to do what they do best. The result will be both increased producer profits and increased social welfare—a gain for all.
Robert Lawrence Gunn
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781479842582
- eISBN:
- 9781479812516
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479842582.003.0002
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
Grounded in close readings of Cooper’s The Pioneers and The Last of the Mohicans, chapter 1 explores the role of comparative grammar on U.S. debates concerning Native American origins, race, and ...
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Grounded in close readings of Cooper’s The Pioneers and The Last of the Mohicans, chapter 1 explores the role of comparative grammar on U.S. debates concerning Native American origins, race, and human kinship in the 1810s and 1820s, and the impacts of those debates on Cooper’s program of American historical fiction. Focusing in particular on the linguistic and cultural theories of Du Ponceau of the American Philosophical Society, Jefferson, Schoolcraft, Schlegel, and Gallatin, this chapter compares etymological and grammatical methods of linguistic study and traces the debt of linguistic thinking to anatomical theories of racial difference propounded by Blumenbach, Cuvier, and Morton. Among other issues, what these areas of concern share in common are problems of representation—how or if language was thought to encode matters of racial difference, issues of non-standard orthography in documenting Native languages—and the manner in which novelistic discourse registers those problems.Less
Grounded in close readings of Cooper’s The Pioneers and The Last of the Mohicans, chapter 1 explores the role of comparative grammar on U.S. debates concerning Native American origins, race, and human kinship in the 1810s and 1820s, and the impacts of those debates on Cooper’s program of American historical fiction. Focusing in particular on the linguistic and cultural theories of Du Ponceau of the American Philosophical Society, Jefferson, Schoolcraft, Schlegel, and Gallatin, this chapter compares etymological and grammatical methods of linguistic study and traces the debt of linguistic thinking to anatomical theories of racial difference propounded by Blumenbach, Cuvier, and Morton. Among other issues, what these areas of concern share in common are problems of representation—how or if language was thought to encode matters of racial difference, issues of non-standard orthography in documenting Native languages—and the manner in which novelistic discourse registers those problems.
Andrew A. Erish
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- September 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780813181196
- eISBN:
- 9780813181202
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813181196.001.0001
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
For more than a century, the origin story of the American film industry has been that the founders of Paramount and Fox invented the feature film, that Universal created the star system, and that ...
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For more than a century, the origin story of the American film industry has been that the founders of Paramount and Fox invented the feature film, that Universal created the star system, and that these three companies (along with the heads of MGM and Warner Bros.) were responsible for developing the multi-billion-dollar business we now know as Hollywood. Unfortunately for history, this is simply not true. Andrew A. Erish's definitive history of this important but oft-forgotten studio compels a reassessment of the birth and development of motion pictures in America. Founded in 1897, the Vitagraph Company of America (later known as Vitagraph Studios) was ground zero for American cinema. By 1907, it was one of the largest film studios in America, with notable productions including the first film adaptation of Les Misérables (1909); The Military Air-Scout (1911), considered to be one of the first aviation films; and the World War I propaganda film The Battle Cry of Peace (1915). In 1925, Warner Bros. purchased Vitagraph and all of its subsidiaries and began to rewrite the history of American cinema. Drawing on valuable primary material overlooked by other historians, Erish challenges the creation myths marketed by Hollywood's conquering moguls, introduces readers to many unsung pioneers, and offers a much-needed correction to the history of commercial cinema.Less
For more than a century, the origin story of the American film industry has been that the founders of Paramount and Fox invented the feature film, that Universal created the star system, and that these three companies (along with the heads of MGM and Warner Bros.) were responsible for developing the multi-billion-dollar business we now know as Hollywood. Unfortunately for history, this is simply not true. Andrew A. Erish's definitive history of this important but oft-forgotten studio compels a reassessment of the birth and development of motion pictures in America. Founded in 1897, the Vitagraph Company of America (later known as Vitagraph Studios) was ground zero for American cinema. By 1907, it was one of the largest film studios in America, with notable productions including the first film adaptation of Les Misérables (1909); The Military Air-Scout (1911), considered to be one of the first aviation films; and the World War I propaganda film The Battle Cry of Peace (1915). In 1925, Warner Bros. purchased Vitagraph and all of its subsidiaries and began to rewrite the history of American cinema. Drawing on valuable primary material overlooked by other historians, Erish challenges the creation myths marketed by Hollywood's conquering moguls, introduces readers to many unsung pioneers, and offers a much-needed correction to the history of commercial cinema.
