Ken Lodge
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748625659
- eISBN:
- 9780748671410
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748625659.003.0005
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology
The relationship between underlying phonological representations and phonetic realization is explored. Specific examples of the features: advanced tongue root, sonority, liquid and tenseness are ...
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The relationship between underlying phonological representations and phonetic realization is explored. Specific examples of the features: advanced tongue root, sonority, liquid and tenseness are discussed in detail. The relationship between the terms: contoid, vocoid, consonant and vowel is also considered.Less
The relationship between underlying phonological representations and phonetic realization is explored. Specific examples of the features: advanced tongue root, sonority, liquid and tenseness are discussed in detail. The relationship between the terms: contoid, vocoid, consonant and vowel is also considered.
Ken Lodge
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748625659
- eISBN:
- 9780748671410
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748625659.003.0006
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology
An alternative to the standard views of phonology is presented, to take into account the critical issues raised in the preceding chapters. Declarative phonology is polysystemic, non-segmental and ...
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An alternative to the standard views of phonology is presented, to take into account the critical issues raised in the preceding chapters. Declarative phonology is polysystemic, non-segmental and abstract; it specifically excludes derivation and deletion as valid phonological mechanisms. Phonological structures are underspecified attribute-value matrices which attach to syllable structure at any level (syllable, onset, rhyme, nucleus, coda, or even higher, e.g. foot). Attribute-value matrices can be represented as underspecified tree diagrams. Phonetic implementation is exemplified and examples from Irish, Malay, German and Scots Gaelic are worked through.Less
An alternative to the standard views of phonology is presented, to take into account the critical issues raised in the preceding chapters. Declarative phonology is polysystemic, non-segmental and abstract; it specifically excludes derivation and deletion as valid phonological mechanisms. Phonological structures are underspecified attribute-value matrices which attach to syllable structure at any level (syllable, onset, rhyme, nucleus, coda, or even higher, e.g. foot). Attribute-value matrices can be represented as underspecified tree diagrams. Phonetic implementation is exemplified and examples from Irish, Malay, German and Scots Gaelic are worked through.
Eric Raimy and Charles E. Cairns (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262182706
- eISBN:
- 9780262255325
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262182706.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology
The essays in this volume address foundational questions in phonology that cut across different schools of thought within the discipline. The theme of modularity runs through them all, however, and ...
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The essays in this volume address foundational questions in phonology that cut across different schools of thought within the discipline. The theme of modularity runs through them all, however, and these essays demonstrate the benefits of the modular approach to phonology, either investigating interactions among distinct modules or developing specific aspects of representation within a particular module. Although the contributors take divergent views on a range of issues, they agree on the importance of representations and questions of modularity in phonology. Their essays address the status of phonological features, syllable theory, metrical structure, the architecture of the phonological component, and interaction among components of phonology. In the early 1990s the rise of Optimality Theory—which suggested that pure computation would solve the problems of representations and modularity—eclipsed the centrality of these issues for phonology. This book offers a coherent view of phonology that is not based on Optimality Theory. The chapters demonstrate that computation and representation are inherently linked; they do not deny Optimality Theory, but attempt to move the field of phonology beyond it.Less
The essays in this volume address foundational questions in phonology that cut across different schools of thought within the discipline. The theme of modularity runs through them all, however, and these essays demonstrate the benefits of the modular approach to phonology, either investigating interactions among distinct modules or developing specific aspects of representation within a particular module. Although the contributors take divergent views on a range of issues, they agree on the importance of representations and questions of modularity in phonology. Their essays address the status of phonological features, syllable theory, metrical structure, the architecture of the phonological component, and interaction among components of phonology. In the early 1990s the rise of Optimality Theory—which suggested that pure computation would solve the problems of representations and modularity—eclipsed the centrality of these issues for phonology. This book offers a coherent view of phonology that is not based on Optimality Theory. The chapters demonstrate that computation and representation are inherently linked; they do not deny Optimality Theory, but attempt to move the field of phonology beyond it.
Jennifer Hay and Margaret A. Maclagan
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748625291
- eISBN:
- 9780748651542
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748625291.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, English Language
This book is a description of English as it is spoken in New Zealand. New Zealand English (NZE) is one of the youngest native-speaker varieties of English, and is the only variety of English where ...
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This book is a description of English as it is spoken in New Zealand. New Zealand English (NZE) is one of the youngest native-speaker varieties of English, and is the only variety of English where there is recorded evidence of its entire history. It shares some features with other Southern Hemisphere varieties of English such as Australian English and South African English, but is also clearly distinct from these. For the past two decades, extensive research has focused on the evolution and ongoing development of the variety. The book presents the results of this research in an accessible way. It includes: an account of the phonetic, phonological, morphosyntactic, lexical, and discourse features that are characteristic of the dialect; a discussion of the historical development of NZE; a description of the current social and regional variation within the variety; an indication of the areas where change is currently occurring; and sample texts and an annotated bibliography of relevant literature. There are also several associated audio files, which provide examples of many of the phenomena discussed, at http://www.lel.ed.ac.uk/dialects/.Less
This book is a description of English as it is spoken in New Zealand. New Zealand English (NZE) is one of the youngest native-speaker varieties of English, and is the only variety of English where there is recorded evidence of its entire history. It shares some features with other Southern Hemisphere varieties of English such as Australian English and South African English, but is also clearly distinct from these. For the past two decades, extensive research has focused on the evolution and ongoing development of the variety. The book presents the results of this research in an accessible way. It includes: an account of the phonetic, phonological, morphosyntactic, lexical, and discourse features that are characteristic of the dialect; a discussion of the historical development of NZE; a description of the current social and regional variation within the variety; an indication of the areas where change is currently occurring; and sample texts and an annotated bibliography of relevant literature. There are also several associated audio files, which provide examples of many of the phenomena discussed, at http://www.lel.ed.ac.uk/dialects/.
Andy Kirkpatrick
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028795
- eISBN:
- 9789882206922
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028795.003.0004
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter describes a selection of the phonological and lexical features of English-language speakers in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries. It discusses phonological ...
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This chapter describes a selection of the phonological and lexical features of English-language speakers in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries. It discusses phonological features identified in ASEAN English lingua franca speech which appear to be shared by speakers from different countries, and considers the question of mutual and international intelligibility of ASEAN English as a lingua franca. The findings reveal a great degree of phonological variation in the lingua franca English of speakers from ASEAN, including the tendency to avoid the use of reduced vowels and a related tendency towards syllable timing.Less
This chapter describes a selection of the phonological and lexical features of English-language speakers in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries. It discusses phonological features identified in ASEAN English lingua franca speech which appear to be shared by speakers from different countries, and considers the question of mutual and international intelligibility of ASEAN English as a lingua franca. The findings reveal a great degree of phonological variation in the lingua franca English of speakers from ASEAN, including the tendency to avoid the use of reduced vowels and a related tendency towards syllable timing.
San Duanmu
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780199664962
- eISBN:
- 9780191818004
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199664962.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology, Theoretical Linguistics
This study determines a system of phonological features that is minimally sufficient to distinguish all consonants and vowels in the world’s languages. It differs from previous studies in several ...
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This study determines a system of phonological features that is minimally sufficient to distinguish all consonants and vowels in the world’s languages. It differs from previous studies in several ways. First, evidence is drawn from two databases, UPSID (451 sound inventories) and P-base (628 sound inventories), while many previous studies do not use large datasets. Second, interpreting phonetic transcriptions from different languages has been an outstanding problem. This study proposes a solution, using the notion of contrast: X and Y are different sounds if and only if they contrast in some language (i.e. distinguish words in that language). Third, previous studies often focus on theoretical assumptions, such as whether features are binary or innate. In contrast, this study focuses on a simple procedure to interpret empirical data: For each phonetic dimension (feature), we search through all inventories in order to determine the maximal number of contrasts required. In addition, every unusual feature or extra degree of contrast is re-examined in order to confirm its validity. The resulting feature system is surprisingly simple: Fewer features are needed than previously proposed, and for each feature, a two-way contrast is sufficient. While simpler than even the most parsimonious previous feature theory, our proposal is reliable, in that the notion of contrast is uncontroversial, the procedure is explicit, and the result is repeatable. I also discuss non-contrastive differences between languages, sound classes (‘natural classes’), and complex sounds (affricates, consonant–glide units, consonant–liquid units, contour tones, pre-nasalized stops, clicks, ejectives, and implosives).Less
This study determines a system of phonological features that is minimally sufficient to distinguish all consonants and vowels in the world’s languages. It differs from previous studies in several ways. First, evidence is drawn from two databases, UPSID (451 sound inventories) and P-base (628 sound inventories), while many previous studies do not use large datasets. Second, interpreting phonetic transcriptions from different languages has been an outstanding problem. This study proposes a solution, using the notion of contrast: X and Y are different sounds if and only if they contrast in some language (i.e. distinguish words in that language). Third, previous studies often focus on theoretical assumptions, such as whether features are binary or innate. In contrast, this study focuses on a simple procedure to interpret empirical data: For each phonetic dimension (feature), we search through all inventories in order to determine the maximal number of contrasts required. In addition, every unusual feature or extra degree of contrast is re-examined in order to confirm its validity. The resulting feature system is surprisingly simple: Fewer features are needed than previously proposed, and for each feature, a two-way contrast is sufficient. While simpler than even the most parsimonious previous feature theory, our proposal is reliable, in that the notion of contrast is uncontroversial, the procedure is explicit, and the result is repeatable. I also discuss non-contrastive differences between languages, sound classes (‘natural classes’), and complex sounds (affricates, consonant–glide units, consonant–liquid units, contour tones, pre-nasalized stops, clicks, ejectives, and implosives).
Emanuela Timotin, Camelia Stan, and Maritn Maiden
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198712350
- eISBN:
- 9780191780899
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198712350.003.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
The introduction comprises three subsections: the first one is devoted to the presentation of the corpus from the point of view of the typology, dating, and localization of texts; the second presents ...
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The introduction comprises three subsections: the first one is devoted to the presentation of the corpus from the point of view of the typology, dating, and localization of texts; the second presents in a highly synthetic manner the general phonological characteristics of OR (inventory of phonemes—vowels and consonants—and the diatopic distribution of their allophones); the last subsection contains a brief outline of the morphological system of OR (the features are examined separately for the noun, adjective, pronoun, and the verb).Less
The introduction comprises three subsections: the first one is devoted to the presentation of the corpus from the point of view of the typology, dating, and localization of texts; the second presents in a highly synthetic manner the general phonological characteristics of OR (inventory of phonemes—vowels and consonants—and the diatopic distribution of their allophones); the last subsection contains a brief outline of the morphological system of OR (the features are examined separately for the noun, adjective, pronoun, and the verb).
