Warren Oakley
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781526129123
- eISBN:
- 9781526139009
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526129123.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This is the first biography of Thomas Harris (1738-1820). Until now, little has been known about his life. He was most visible as the man who controlled Covent Garden theatre for nearly five decades, ...
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This is the first biography of Thomas Harris (1738-1820). Until now, little has been known about his life. He was most visible as the man who controlled Covent Garden theatre for nearly five decades, one of only two venues in London allowed by law to perform spoken drama. Harris presided over one of the most eventful periods in the history of the English stage; uncovering his involvement provides new perspectives upon landmark events in London’s history. But this career was only one of many: he became the confidant of George III, a philanthropist, sexual suspect, and a brothel owner in the underworld of Covent Garden. While deeply involved in Pitt the younger’s government, Harris worked as a ‘spin doctor’ to control the release of government news. Only through understanding his career is it possible to appreciate fully the suppression of radicalism in the period. As novelists created elaborate storylines with fictional intriguers lurking in the shadows, Harris was the real thing.
Harris’s career intersects many of the hidden worlds of the eighteenth century including the art of theatre and theatre management, the activities of the Secret Service, radical protest, and sexual indulgence. This narrative of detection brings together a hoard of newly discovered manuscripts to construct his numerous lives.Less
This is the first biography of Thomas Harris (1738-1820). Until now, little has been known about his life. He was most visible as the man who controlled Covent Garden theatre for nearly five decades, one of only two venues in London allowed by law to perform spoken drama. Harris presided over one of the most eventful periods in the history of the English stage; uncovering his involvement provides new perspectives upon landmark events in London’s history. But this career was only one of many: he became the confidant of George III, a philanthropist, sexual suspect, and a brothel owner in the underworld of Covent Garden. While deeply involved in Pitt the younger’s government, Harris worked as a ‘spin doctor’ to control the release of government news. Only through understanding his career is it possible to appreciate fully the suppression of radicalism in the period. As novelists created elaborate storylines with fictional intriguers lurking in the shadows, Harris was the real thing.
Harris’s career intersects many of the hidden worlds of the eighteenth century including the art of theatre and theatre management, the activities of the Secret Service, radical protest, and sexual indulgence. This narrative of detection brings together a hoard of newly discovered manuscripts to construct his numerous lives.
Zoltan J. Acs
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691148625
- eISBN:
- 9781400846818
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691148625.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
This book examines the interplay between entrepreneurship and philanthropy, on the one hand, and wealth creation and opportunity, on the other. Using historical and institutional evidence, it traces ...
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This book examines the interplay between entrepreneurship and philanthropy, on the one hand, and wealth creation and opportunity, on the other. Using historical and institutional evidence, it traces the story of American philanthropy through the centuries. It shows that many philanthropists had humble beginnings, worked hard to make something of themselves, and later used their money to help improve the world. It also demonstrates how most Americans, wealthy and otherwise, historically have exemplified an unstated principle that lies at the heart of American-style capitalism: that those who amass wealth must continually create opportunities by investing in society. The book makes a distinction between philanthropy and charity and argues that philanthropy has the potential to mitigate inequalities as it softens the hard edges of the free market. Finally, it describes philanthropy as consistent with the self-made American values of individual freedom.Less
This book examines the interplay between entrepreneurship and philanthropy, on the one hand, and wealth creation and opportunity, on the other. Using historical and institutional evidence, it traces the story of American philanthropy through the centuries. It shows that many philanthropists had humble beginnings, worked hard to make something of themselves, and later used their money to help improve the world. It also demonstrates how most Americans, wealthy and otherwise, historically have exemplified an unstated principle that lies at the heart of American-style capitalism: that those who amass wealth must continually create opportunities by investing in society. The book makes a distinction between philanthropy and charity and argues that philanthropy has the potential to mitigate inequalities as it softens the hard edges of the free market. Finally, it describes philanthropy as consistent with the self-made American values of individual freedom.
Marjory Harper and Stephen Constantine
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199250936
- eISBN:
- 9780191594847
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199250936.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
Decisions to migrate, by UK and all other empire migrants, were heavily influenced by information (and sometimes misinformation) about destinations, both from personal sources and from entrepreneurs, ...
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Decisions to migrate, by UK and all other empire migrants, were heavily influenced by information (and sometimes misinformation) about destinations, both from personal sources and from entrepreneurs, investors, philanthropists, public authorities and governments. In a competitive market, migrants were attracted, selected and often assisted by professional agents employed by colonial governments. The imperial government, having become decreasingly involved during the 19th century as an agency— except in regulating shipping and selecting officials and some professional people for overseas service— became a more substantial operator following especially the passage of the Empire Settlement Act in 1922. The volume of migration and migrants' experiences were also affected by improvements in the safety and quality of transport and the relative reduction in cost, including eventually by air.Less
Decisions to migrate, by UK and all other empire migrants, were heavily influenced by information (and sometimes misinformation) about destinations, both from personal sources and from entrepreneurs, investors, philanthropists, public authorities and governments. In a competitive market, migrants were attracted, selected and often assisted by professional agents employed by colonial governments. The imperial government, having become decreasingly involved during the 19th century as an agency— except in regulating shipping and selecting officials and some professional people for overseas service— became a more substantial operator following especially the passage of the Empire Settlement Act in 1922. The volume of migration and migrants' experiences were also affected by improvements in the safety and quality of transport and the relative reduction in cost, including eventually by air.
Beth Breeze
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781447325000
- eISBN:
- 9781447325314
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447325000.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Behavioural Economics
This book is the first academic study of the profession of fundraising in the UK. Fundraising is an essential yet largely invisible career, despite its growing importance during a period of extensive ...
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This book is the first academic study of the profession of fundraising in the UK. Fundraising is an essential yet largely invisible career, despite its growing importance during a period of extensive public spending cuts and growing reliance on charities. There is a growing body of work focused on donors, such that the identity and motivation of those who provide resources are increasingly understood. Yet little is known about the motivation and characteristics of those who ask for voluntary support, despite almost every donation being solicited. As it is not possible to understand charitable giving without accounting for the role of fundraising, this book provides the first empirically-grounded and theorised account of the identity, characteristics and motivation of fundraisers in the UK. Based on original data collected during a 3-year study of over 1,200 fundraisers, the book describes the complexity and subtlety of their everyday practices and makes an argument that the ‘new fundraisers’ have recently emerged in a necessarily complementary relationship with the far more widely discussed phenomenon of the ‘new philanthropists’. As well as a corrective to the lack of meaningful academic interest in this subject, this book is also a response to the growing hostility to fundraising in both the public and political spheres. It provides a better understanding of this important aspect of social life, and challenges the illogical position whereby charities are widely admired, but the people who keep them in business are not.Less
This book is the first academic study of the profession of fundraising in the UK. Fundraising is an essential yet largely invisible career, despite its growing importance during a period of extensive public spending cuts and growing reliance on charities. There is a growing body of work focused on donors, such that the identity and motivation of those who provide resources are increasingly understood. Yet little is known about the motivation and characteristics of those who ask for voluntary support, despite almost every donation being solicited. As it is not possible to understand charitable giving without accounting for the role of fundraising, this book provides the first empirically-grounded and theorised account of the identity, characteristics and motivation of fundraisers in the UK. Based on original data collected during a 3-year study of over 1,200 fundraisers, the book describes the complexity and subtlety of their everyday practices and makes an argument that the ‘new fundraisers’ have recently emerged in a necessarily complementary relationship with the far more widely discussed phenomenon of the ‘new philanthropists’. As well as a corrective to the lack of meaningful academic interest in this subject, this book is also a response to the growing hostility to fundraising in both the public and political spheres. It provides a better understanding of this important aspect of social life, and challenges the illogical position whereby charities are widely admired, but the people who keep them in business are not.
Juliette Atkinson
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199572137
- eISBN:
- 9780191722967
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199572137.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
This chapter looks in detail at one of the many ways in which the contemporary interest in ‘hidden’ lives took form: through biographies of working‐class men. The chapter begins with an overview of ...
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This chapter looks in detail at one of the many ways in which the contemporary interest in ‘hidden’ lives took form: through biographies of working‐class men. The chapter begins with an overview of working‐class biography, with a particular focus on the works of James Everett, the most sophisticated early biographer of humble men. The majority of the chapter, however, is devoted to two biographies of working‐class amateur naturalists published in the late nineteenth century: Samuel Smiles's Life of a Scotch Naturalist (1876), which narrated the life of Thomas Edward, and William Jolly's Life of John Duncan (1883). The works show how the biographers sought to demonstrate their cultural significance by exploring the discourse of literary realism, presenting biography as a form of tourism, and testing their own role as philanthropists. In their hands, biography becomes a space to explore social fantasies.Less
This chapter looks in detail at one of the many ways in which the contemporary interest in ‘hidden’ lives took form: through biographies of working‐class men. The chapter begins with an overview of working‐class biography, with a particular focus on the works of James Everett, the most sophisticated early biographer of humble men. The majority of the chapter, however, is devoted to two biographies of working‐class amateur naturalists published in the late nineteenth century: Samuel Smiles's Life of a Scotch Naturalist (1876), which narrated the life of Thomas Edward, and William Jolly's Life of John Duncan (1883). The works show how the biographers sought to demonstrate their cultural significance by exploring the discourse of literary realism, presenting biography as a form of tourism, and testing their own role as philanthropists. In their hands, biography becomes a space to explore social fantasies.
Paul Slack
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206613
- eISBN:
- 9780191677243
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206613.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, Social History
Between the early 16th and the early 18th centuries, the character of English social policy and social welfare changed fundamentally. Aspirations for wholesale reformation were replaced by more ...
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Between the early 16th and the early 18th centuries, the character of English social policy and social welfare changed fundamentally. Aspirations for wholesale reformation were replaced by more specific schemes for improvement. This book's analysis of this decisive shift of focus examines its intellectual and political roots. It describes the policies and rhetoric of the commonwealthsmen, godly magistrates, Stuart monarchs, Interregnum projectors, and early Hanoverian philanthropists, and the institutions — notably hospitals and workhouses — which they created or reformed. In a series of thematic chapters, each linked to a chronological period, the book brings together what might seem to have been disparate notions and activities, and shows that they expressed a sequence of coherent approaches towards public welfare.Less
Between the early 16th and the early 18th centuries, the character of English social policy and social welfare changed fundamentally. Aspirations for wholesale reformation were replaced by more specific schemes for improvement. This book's analysis of this decisive shift of focus examines its intellectual and political roots. It describes the policies and rhetoric of the commonwealthsmen, godly magistrates, Stuart monarchs, Interregnum projectors, and early Hanoverian philanthropists, and the institutions — notably hospitals and workhouses — which they created or reformed. In a series of thematic chapters, each linked to a chronological period, the book brings together what might seem to have been disparate notions and activities, and shows that they expressed a sequence of coherent approaches towards public welfare.
Penne L. Restad
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195109801
- eISBN:
- 9780199854073
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195109801.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
Indeed Christmas would not be Christmas if the most famous man in the Yuletide Season is not available to deliver gifts to children. This man is of course Santa Claus. This chapter discusses the ...
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Indeed Christmas would not be Christmas if the most famous man in the Yuletide Season is not available to deliver gifts to children. This man is of course Santa Claus. This chapter discusses the history behind the existence of Santa Claus. The character of Santa Claus in this text is dissected to its specific symbols and meanings from the way he looks to his charitable acts of gift giving for children. Defined as a successful factory owner, philanthropist, and quasi-religious figure, Santa Claus stood originally as a symbol of a nation that could neither fully embrace its growing wealth nor forsake its search for spiritual meaning in the celebration of Christmas.Less
Indeed Christmas would not be Christmas if the most famous man in the Yuletide Season is not available to deliver gifts to children. This man is of course Santa Claus. This chapter discusses the history behind the existence of Santa Claus. The character of Santa Claus in this text is dissected to its specific symbols and meanings from the way he looks to his charitable acts of gift giving for children. Defined as a successful factory owner, philanthropist, and quasi-religious figure, Santa Claus stood originally as a symbol of a nation that could neither fully embrace its growing wealth nor forsake its search for spiritual meaning in the celebration of Christmas.
Christopher Tolley
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206514
- eISBN:
- 9780191677182
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206514.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Social History
This book examines the writing of biography in four Victorian families: the Macaulays, Stephens, Thorntons, and Wilberforces. Their fathers had been members of the prominent group of evangelicals and ...
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This book examines the writing of biography in four Victorian families: the Macaulays, Stephens, Thorntons, and Wilberforces. Their fathers had been members of the prominent group of evangelicals and philanthropists known as the Clapham sect, and their histories were shaped by a cultivated and demanding brand of evangelicalism, which left its mark even when the parental faith was lost. The family biographers celebrate this common legacy, testifying to the success of the evangelical movement in its campaign on behalf of domestic piety. The tradition of biography is given fact and form by the wealth of documentation produced within evangelical homes, to which later generations added their significant contribution. The book draws extensively on unpublished material in the family archives, discusses the uses and conventions of nineteenth-century domestic biography, and explores its close relationship with other kinds of private family writing to produce an account of the influence of evangelicalism upon eminent Victorians.Less
This book examines the writing of biography in four Victorian families: the Macaulays, Stephens, Thorntons, and Wilberforces. Their fathers had been members of the prominent group of evangelicals and philanthropists known as the Clapham sect, and their histories were shaped by a cultivated and demanding brand of evangelicalism, which left its mark even when the parental faith was lost. The family biographers celebrate this common legacy, testifying to the success of the evangelical movement in its campaign on behalf of domestic piety. The tradition of biography is given fact and form by the wealth of documentation produced within evangelical homes, to which later generations added their significant contribution. The book draws extensively on unpublished material in the family archives, discusses the uses and conventions of nineteenth-century domestic biography, and explores its close relationship with other kinds of private family writing to produce an account of the influence of evangelicalism upon eminent Victorians.
Lawrence Goldman
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205753
- eISBN:
- 9780191676765
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205753.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
The issues of strategy, content, and control of workers' education which animated this exchange of views were at the heart of an almost simultaneous controversy within Oxford itself in the immediate ...
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The issues of strategy, content, and control of workers' education which animated this exchange of views were at the heart of an almost simultaneous controversy within Oxford itself in the immediate aftermath of the publication of the 1908 Report. Ruskin Hall had been founded in 1899 as a college for working populations through the efforts of the combination of a wealthy American philanthropists and a young American progressive of the name of Charles Beard. The college was designed to provide for the general education of working men in science, history, and modern languages. As early as 1905 there were disputes about the curriculum, especially over the teaching of economics. The arrival in 1908 of an inexperienced new tutor in economics, H. Sanderson Furniss, who was judged to be too orthodox by some of the students, only made the situation worse.Less
The issues of strategy, content, and control of workers' education which animated this exchange of views were at the heart of an almost simultaneous controversy within Oxford itself in the immediate aftermath of the publication of the 1908 Report. Ruskin Hall had been founded in 1899 as a college for working populations through the efforts of the combination of a wealthy American philanthropists and a young American progressive of the name of Charles Beard. The college was designed to provide for the general education of working men in science, history, and modern languages. As early as 1905 there were disputes about the curriculum, especially over the teaching of economics. The arrival in 1908 of an inexperienced new tutor in economics, H. Sanderson Furniss, who was judged to be too orthodox by some of the students, only made the situation worse.
Tyrone McKinley Freeman
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780252043451
- eISBN:
- 9780252052330
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252043451.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
Madam C. J. Walker’s Gospel of Giving: Black Women’s Philanthropy during Jim Crow presents the first comprehensive story of Walker’s philanthropic giving arguing that she was a significant ...
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Madam C. J. Walker’s Gospel of Giving: Black Women’s Philanthropy during Jim Crow presents the first comprehensive story of Walker’s philanthropic giving arguing that she was a significant philanthropist who challenged Jim Crow and serves as a foremother of African American philanthropy today. Born Sarah Breedlove (1867-1919) to formerly enslaved parents on a cotton plantation during Reconstruction, Madam C. J. Walker became a beauty-culture entrepreneur and was known as America’s first self-made female millionaire. This book presents the story of Madam Walker’s philanthropic actions through the author’s use of historical methods and archival research. The result is a philanthropic biography that reinterprets Walker’s life, legacy, and meaning through giving. Using analytical frameworks from philanthropic studies and black women’s history, the author constructs the appropriate lenses for interpreting Walker’s lived experiences as a philanthropist through her own words, motivations, relationships, and actions. Organized around five types of gifts that Walker made—opportunity, education, activism, material resources, and legacy—the text illustrates the broader cultural contexts and philanthropic practices of generosity that informed black women’s lives and giving at the beginning of the twentieth century. Madam Walker’s Gospel of Giving provides a different view of who counts as a philanthropist and what counts as philanthropy in the public and scholarly conversations dominated by the perspectives of white wealthy elite donors. It reclaims and names black women as philanthropists using Walker as an example.Less
Madam C. J. Walker’s Gospel of Giving: Black Women’s Philanthropy during Jim Crow presents the first comprehensive story of Walker’s philanthropic giving arguing that she was a significant philanthropist who challenged Jim Crow and serves as a foremother of African American philanthropy today. Born Sarah Breedlove (1867-1919) to formerly enslaved parents on a cotton plantation during Reconstruction, Madam C. J. Walker became a beauty-culture entrepreneur and was known as America’s first self-made female millionaire. This book presents the story of Madam Walker’s philanthropic actions through the author’s use of historical methods and archival research. The result is a philanthropic biography that reinterprets Walker’s life, legacy, and meaning through giving. Using analytical frameworks from philanthropic studies and black women’s history, the author constructs the appropriate lenses for interpreting Walker’s lived experiences as a philanthropist through her own words, motivations, relationships, and actions. Organized around five types of gifts that Walker made—opportunity, education, activism, material resources, and legacy—the text illustrates the broader cultural contexts and philanthropic practices of generosity that informed black women’s lives and giving at the beginning of the twentieth century. Madam Walker’s Gospel of Giving provides a different view of who counts as a philanthropist and what counts as philanthropy in the public and scholarly conversations dominated by the perspectives of white wealthy elite donors. It reclaims and names black women as philanthropists using Walker as an example.
Amy Brown
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816691128
- eISBN:
- 9781452952383
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816691128.003.0002
- Subject:
- Education, Educational Policy and Politics
This chapter places the ethnography into the context of a political economy of urban school reform in New York City. It critiques the popular documentaries Waiting for “Superman” (Guggenheim 2010) ...
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This chapter places the ethnography into the context of a political economy of urban school reform in New York City. It critiques the popular documentaries Waiting for “Superman” (Guggenheim 2010) and The Lottery (Sackler 2010), and looks not only at key figures and movements in urban education reform and the school choice movement since 2000, but also at corporate philanthropists whose financial altruism contributes to a market-based logic in education. It analyzes how these reforms articulate with the construction and contestation of racial meaning at College Preparatory Academy. The end of the chapter revisits some of the school’s image management and marketing practices, highlighting the importance that is necessarily placed on corporatization and image management in order to maintain needed resources in the context of New York City education reform. Those who are more interested in the ethnographic portrayal of College Prep may wish to skip this chapter, since it functions to provide a more macrolevel sociohistorical context for the school.Less
This chapter places the ethnography into the context of a political economy of urban school reform in New York City. It critiques the popular documentaries Waiting for “Superman” (Guggenheim 2010) and The Lottery (Sackler 2010), and looks not only at key figures and movements in urban education reform and the school choice movement since 2000, but also at corporate philanthropists whose financial altruism contributes to a market-based logic in education. It analyzes how these reforms articulate with the construction and contestation of racial meaning at College Preparatory Academy. The end of the chapter revisits some of the school’s image management and marketing practices, highlighting the importance that is necessarily placed on corporatization and image management in order to maintain needed resources in the context of New York City education reform. Those who are more interested in the ethnographic portrayal of College Prep may wish to skip this chapter, since it functions to provide a more macrolevel sociohistorical context for the school.
Margaret Simey
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853238003
- eISBN:
- 9781846317354
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/UPO9781846317354
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
The early years of the twentieth century saw the emergence in Liverpool of a unique vision of what it might mean to be a citizen in an urban democracy. This owed its inspiration to the coming ...
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The early years of the twentieth century saw the emergence in Liverpool of a unique vision of what it might mean to be a citizen in an urban democracy. This owed its inspiration to the coming together of the idealism of the academics at the young University with the practical morality of the City's merchant philanthropists. Infused as both were by the passion and urgency of the women's demand for liberation, the result was a totally fresh approach to the problems of the day. This found expression in a commitment to the principle that the right to share in the responsibility for the management of the common affairs of a society must be a universal attribute of citizenship, regardless of gender, religion or class. How this has developed down the years into a demand for the empowerment of the community itself is the focus of this book. Ironically the Welfare State has resulted in an assumption of control by the executive that has deprived the people of their right to responsibility for what is done in their name. The Disinherited Family of Eleanor Rathbone's classic book on child allowances has become the Disinherited Society of today. Using history as a launching pad for future planning, this book concludes with a forthright Tract for the Times. This challenges the communitarianism popularised by Amitai Etzioni as lacking in relevance to either the social or economic realities of today.Less
The early years of the twentieth century saw the emergence in Liverpool of a unique vision of what it might mean to be a citizen in an urban democracy. This owed its inspiration to the coming together of the idealism of the academics at the young University with the practical morality of the City's merchant philanthropists. Infused as both were by the passion and urgency of the women's demand for liberation, the result was a totally fresh approach to the problems of the day. This found expression in a commitment to the principle that the right to share in the responsibility for the management of the common affairs of a society must be a universal attribute of citizenship, regardless of gender, religion or class. How this has developed down the years into a demand for the empowerment of the community itself is the focus of this book. Ironically the Welfare State has resulted in an assumption of control by the executive that has deprived the people of their right to responsibility for what is done in their name. The Disinherited Family of Eleanor Rathbone's classic book on child allowances has become the Disinherited Society of today. Using history as a launching pad for future planning, this book concludes with a forthright Tract for the Times. This challenges the communitarianism popularised by Amitai Etzioni as lacking in relevance to either the social or economic realities of today.
Chiara Cordelli
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780691205755
- eISBN:
- 9780691211732
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691205755.003.0008
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy
This chapter focuses on the philanthropist as one kind of private actor. It argues that the philanthropist's duty to give should be understood neither as an imperfect duty of beneficence nor as a ...
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This chapter focuses on the philanthropist as one kind of private actor. It argues that the philanthropist's duty to give should be understood neither as an imperfect duty of beneficence nor as a conclusive duty of justice, but rather as a transitional and provisional duty of reparative justice in contemporary societies. It also explains a duty that is “transitional,” as it should eventually be taken over by public institutions, or “provisional,” for in the absence of just institutions its fulfilment is simultaneously demanded by individual independence. The chapter explains why the duty is “reparative” as it is grounded on the wealthy's liability for wrongful harm to the poor. It discusses the funding of justice through private philanthropy and the provision of justice through private organizations.Less
This chapter focuses on the philanthropist as one kind of private actor. It argues that the philanthropist's duty to give should be understood neither as an imperfect duty of beneficence nor as a conclusive duty of justice, but rather as a transitional and provisional duty of reparative justice in contemporary societies. It also explains a duty that is “transitional,” as it should eventually be taken over by public institutions, or “provisional,” for in the absence of just institutions its fulfilment is simultaneously demanded by individual independence. The chapter explains why the duty is “reparative” as it is grounded on the wealthy's liability for wrongful harm to the poor. It discusses the funding of justice through private philanthropy and the provision of justice through private organizations.
Deborah Cohen
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520220089
- eISBN:
- 9780520923522
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520220089.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
Disabled veterans were the First World War's most conspicuous legacy. Nearly eight million men in Europe returned from the First World War permanently disabled by injury or disease. This book offers ...
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Disabled veterans were the First World War's most conspicuous legacy. Nearly eight million men in Europe returned from the First World War permanently disabled by injury or disease. This book offers a comparative analysis of the very different ways in which two belligerent nations—Germany and Britain—cared for their disabled. At the heart of this book is an apparent paradox. Although postwar Germany provided its disabled veterans with generous benefits, they came to despise the state that favored them. Disabled men proved susceptible to the Nazi cause. By contrast, British ex-servicemen remained loyal subjects, though they received only meager material compensation. The book explores the meaning of this paradox by focusing on the interplay between state agencies and private philanthropies on one hand, and the evolving relationship between disabled men and the general public on the other. The book describes in affecting detail disabled veterans' lives and their treatment at the hands of government agencies and private charities in Britain and Germany. This study moves from the intimate confines of veterans' homes to the offices of high-level bureaucrats; it tells of veterans' protests, of disabled men's families, and of the well-heeled philanthropists who made a cause of the war's victims.Less
Disabled veterans were the First World War's most conspicuous legacy. Nearly eight million men in Europe returned from the First World War permanently disabled by injury or disease. This book offers a comparative analysis of the very different ways in which two belligerent nations—Germany and Britain—cared for their disabled. At the heart of this book is an apparent paradox. Although postwar Germany provided its disabled veterans with generous benefits, they came to despise the state that favored them. Disabled men proved susceptible to the Nazi cause. By contrast, British ex-servicemen remained loyal subjects, though they received only meager material compensation. The book explores the meaning of this paradox by focusing on the interplay between state agencies and private philanthropies on one hand, and the evolving relationship between disabled men and the general public on the other. The book describes in affecting detail disabled veterans' lives and their treatment at the hands of government agencies and private charities in Britain and Germany. This study moves from the intimate confines of veterans' homes to the offices of high-level bureaucrats; it tells of veterans' protests, of disabled men's families, and of the well-heeled philanthropists who made a cause of the war's victims.
Carol Watts
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748625642
- eISBN:
- 9780748671717
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748625642.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 18th-century Literature
This book argues that the Seven Years' War (1756–63) produced an intense historical consciousness within British cultural life regarding the boundaries of belonging to community, family and nation. ...
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This book argues that the Seven Years' War (1756–63) produced an intense historical consciousness within British cultural life regarding the boundaries of belonging to community, family and nation. Global warfare prompts a radical re-imagining of the state and the subjectivities of those who inhabit it. Laurence Sterne's distinctive writing provides a remarkable route through the transformations of mid-eighteenth-century British culture. The risks of war generate unexpected freedoms and crises in the making of domestic imperial subjects, which will continue to reverberate in anti-slavery struggles and colonial conflict from America to India. The book concentrates on the period from the 1750s to the 1770s. It explores the work of Johnson, Goldsmith, Walpole, Burke, Scott, Wheatley, Sancho, Smollett, Rousseau, Collier, Smith and Wollstonecraft alongside Sterne's narratives. The book incorporates debates among moral philosophers and philanthropists, examines political tracts, poetry and grammar exercises, and paintings by Kauffman, Hayman and Wright of Derby, tracking the investments in, and resistances to, the cultural work of empire.Less
This book argues that the Seven Years' War (1756–63) produced an intense historical consciousness within British cultural life regarding the boundaries of belonging to community, family and nation. Global warfare prompts a radical re-imagining of the state and the subjectivities of those who inhabit it. Laurence Sterne's distinctive writing provides a remarkable route through the transformations of mid-eighteenth-century British culture. The risks of war generate unexpected freedoms and crises in the making of domestic imperial subjects, which will continue to reverberate in anti-slavery struggles and colonial conflict from America to India. The book concentrates on the period from the 1750s to the 1770s. It explores the work of Johnson, Goldsmith, Walpole, Burke, Scott, Wheatley, Sancho, Smollett, Rousseau, Collier, Smith and Wollstonecraft alongside Sterne's narratives. The book incorporates debates among moral philosophers and philanthropists, examines political tracts, poetry and grammar exercises, and paintings by Kauffman, Hayman and Wright of Derby, tracking the investments in, and resistances to, the cultural work of empire.
Ellen Ross
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520249059
- eISBN:
- 9780520940055
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520249059.003.0025
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter focuses on Beatrice (Potter) Webb, a slum explorer and philanthropist. Born to a wealthy Gloucestershire businessman and his wife who were involved with the Charity Organization Society ...
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This chapter focuses on Beatrice (Potter) Webb, a slum explorer and philanthropist. Born to a wealthy Gloucestershire businessman and his wife who were involved with the Charity Organization Society (COS), Beatrice also became involved in charity work however her approach to poverty was rather a clinical one and not based on the “spirit of charity”. For her, poverty was a central political question of her time. This chapter presents her “Pages from a Work-Girl's Diary”. This article was closely based on her detailed diary entries, which included word-for-word reports of conversations with employers and workers in the industry.Less
This chapter focuses on Beatrice (Potter) Webb, a slum explorer and philanthropist. Born to a wealthy Gloucestershire businessman and his wife who were involved with the Charity Organization Society (COS), Beatrice also became involved in charity work however her approach to poverty was rather a clinical one and not based on the “spirit of charity”. For her, poverty was a central political question of her time. This chapter presents her “Pages from a Work-Girl's Diary”. This article was closely based on her detailed diary entries, which included word-for-word reports of conversations with employers and workers in the industry.
Kathryn Edgerton-Tarpley
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520253025
- eISBN:
- 9780520934221
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520253025.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
Among all the observers of the Incredible Famine, it was Chinese philanthropists and journalists in Shanghai and other cities in the wealthy Jiangnan region whose perspectives on the disaster were ...
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Among all the observers of the Incredible Famine, it was Chinese philanthropists and journalists in Shanghai and other cities in the wealthy Jiangnan region whose perspectives on the disaster were most significantly shaped by cross-cultural conversation. In their concerted effort to limit the famine's pernicious effects, influential members of the Jiangnan elite drew ideas not only from Chinese texts and philanthropic traditions but also from foreign discussions of relief campaigns overseas and of the benefits of Western technology. Relief activities in the Lower Yangzi region were spearheaded by philanthropists in inland cities such as Suzhou, as well as by members of Shanghai's treaty-port elite. Shanghai, however, was the locus of China's first Western-style press, and the place most influenced by foreign critiques of Qing relief efforts and by the foreign presence itself.Less
Among all the observers of the Incredible Famine, it was Chinese philanthropists and journalists in Shanghai and other cities in the wealthy Jiangnan region whose perspectives on the disaster were most significantly shaped by cross-cultural conversation. In their concerted effort to limit the famine's pernicious effects, influential members of the Jiangnan elite drew ideas not only from Chinese texts and philanthropic traditions but also from foreign discussions of relief campaigns overseas and of the benefits of Western technology. Relief activities in the Lower Yangzi region were spearheaded by philanthropists in inland cities such as Suzhou, as well as by members of Shanghai's treaty-port elite. Shanghai, however, was the locus of China's first Western-style press, and the place most influenced by foreign critiques of Qing relief efforts and by the foreign presence itself.
Alice Smuts
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300108972
- eISBN:
- 9780300128475
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300108972.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This book presents a history of the development of child study during the early part of the twentieth century. Most nineteenth-century scientists deemed children unsuitable subjects for study, and ...
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This book presents a history of the development of child study during the early part of the twentieth century. Most nineteenth-century scientists deemed children unsuitable subjects for study, and parents were hostile to the idea. By 1935, however, the study of the child was a thriving scientific and professional field. This book shows how interrelated movements—both social and scientific—combined to transform the study of the child. Drawing on nationwide archives and extensive interviews with child study pioneers, the book recounts the role of social reformers, philanthropists, and progressive scientists, who established new institutions with new ways of studying children. Part history of science and part social history, this book describes a fascinating era when the normal child was studied for the first time, from which a child guidance movement emerged, and the newly created federal Children's Bureau conducted pathbreaking sociological studies of children.Less
This book presents a history of the development of child study during the early part of the twentieth century. Most nineteenth-century scientists deemed children unsuitable subjects for study, and parents were hostile to the idea. By 1935, however, the study of the child was a thriving scientific and professional field. This book shows how interrelated movements—both social and scientific—combined to transform the study of the child. Drawing on nationwide archives and extensive interviews with child study pioneers, the book recounts the role of social reformers, philanthropists, and progressive scientists, who established new institutions with new ways of studying children. Part history of science and part social history, this book describes a fascinating era when the normal child was studied for the first time, from which a child guidance movement emerged, and the newly created federal Children's Bureau conducted pathbreaking sociological studies of children.
Elliott Schreiber
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801451782
- eISBN:
- 9780801466014
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801451782.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature
At the end of his eight-year career as a schoolteacher, Moritz formulated an incisive critique of Philanthropism and of the tenets of Enlightenment epistemology in which it is grounded. This chapter ...
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At the end of his eight-year career as a schoolteacher, Moritz formulated an incisive critique of Philanthropism and of the tenets of Enlightenment epistemology in which it is grounded. This chapter probes this critique along with the consequences that Moritz draws for the cultivation of independent thought, a goal that he shares with the Philanthropists. Moritz interrupts the narrative of the natural progress of cognition that Philanthropism unfolds, in accordance with Cartesian, Lockean, and Rousseauian epistemological principles, showing that learning can take place only within the confines of preconstructed analytic spaces. This does not, to be sure, keep the intellect from longing for liberation from these confines; it desires free latitude, or freien Spielraum. But such an emancipation of the mind ultimately constitutes for Moritz an aspiration rather than an attainable reality. What remains is a far more limited Spielraum, though one that offers a liberating potential of its own: the potential that the structures enclosing the intellect can, like houses of cards, be destroyed in the course of history and rebuilt in alternative configurations. We may not be able to think outside the confines of analytic spaces, but at least these spaces can be broken down and reassembled to structure thought in different ways.Less
At the end of his eight-year career as a schoolteacher, Moritz formulated an incisive critique of Philanthropism and of the tenets of Enlightenment epistemology in which it is grounded. This chapter probes this critique along with the consequences that Moritz draws for the cultivation of independent thought, a goal that he shares with the Philanthropists. Moritz interrupts the narrative of the natural progress of cognition that Philanthropism unfolds, in accordance with Cartesian, Lockean, and Rousseauian epistemological principles, showing that learning can take place only within the confines of preconstructed analytic spaces. This does not, to be sure, keep the intellect from longing for liberation from these confines; it desires free latitude, or freien Spielraum. But such an emancipation of the mind ultimately constitutes for Moritz an aspiration rather than an attainable reality. What remains is a far more limited Spielraum, though one that offers a liberating potential of its own: the potential that the structures enclosing the intellect can, like houses of cards, be destroyed in the course of history and rebuilt in alternative configurations. We may not be able to think outside the confines of analytic spaces, but at least these spaces can be broken down and reassembled to structure thought in different ways.
Tirtsah Levie Bernfeld
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- February 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781904113577
- eISBN:
- 9781800340435
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781904113577.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
This chapter evaluates the financial support for poor-relief institutions in the Portuguese community, which continued for two centuries. This was made possible by a combination of measures: a ...
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This chapter evaluates the financial support for poor-relief institutions in the Portuguese community, which continued for two centuries. This was made possible by a combination of measures: a constant process of ad hoc adaptation and revision; extracting promises of legacies from the rich; the productive investment of capital; and, finally, taking out loans from other charitable institutions and from individuals. Curbing expenditure and stimulating income became the basis of financial policy. Although the growing tax burden increased the risk both of losing affluent existing members of the community and of failing to attract the well-to-do from other parts, more income had to be generated by higher taxation. Private charity also constituted an important supporting element in the reception and relief of the poor. Contributions to charity were not confined to the elite, but came from various income groups. By and large, it would seem that the average contribution donated by non-Jewish philanthropists was far exceeded by that made by Portuguese Jews.Less
This chapter evaluates the financial support for poor-relief institutions in the Portuguese community, which continued for two centuries. This was made possible by a combination of measures: a constant process of ad hoc adaptation and revision; extracting promises of legacies from the rich; the productive investment of capital; and, finally, taking out loans from other charitable institutions and from individuals. Curbing expenditure and stimulating income became the basis of financial policy. Although the growing tax burden increased the risk both of losing affluent existing members of the community and of failing to attract the well-to-do from other parts, more income had to be generated by higher taxation. Private charity also constituted an important supporting element in the reception and relief of the poor. Contributions to charity were not confined to the elite, but came from various income groups. By and large, it would seem that the average contribution donated by non-Jewish philanthropists was far exceeded by that made by Portuguese Jews.
