David Little
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199275359
- eISBN:
- 9780191603686
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199275351.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Little raises many questions of international legality in addressing the finer concepts of peace enforcing, peacekeeping, peacemaking, and peace building. He accentuates the rule of law, democracy, ...
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Little raises many questions of international legality in addressing the finer concepts of peace enforcing, peacekeeping, peacemaking, and peace building. He accentuates the rule of law, democracy, and human rights as foundations for each of these stages towards a Just Peace. Looking towards collectively accepted international treaties for a concept of justice, Little taps into a notion of legal validity that is at least partially composed of a legitimacy that emanates from the people themselves. Although there are valid reasons for questioning who has been allowed to participate in the process developing international law, protecting the human rights of all, and labelling it justice certainly does not seem to create an untenable starting point. In fact, this approach that looks to protect the rights of all can be quite constructive because, ultimately, it is the people involved in a conflict who will determine whether a peace is just, and therefore lasting.Less
Little raises many questions of international legality in addressing the finer concepts of peace enforcing, peacekeeping, peacemaking, and peace building. He accentuates the rule of law, democracy, and human rights as foundations for each of these stages towards a Just Peace. Looking towards collectively accepted international treaties for a concept of justice, Little taps into a notion of legal validity that is at least partially composed of a legitimacy that emanates from the people themselves. Although there are valid reasons for questioning who has been allowed to participate in the process developing international law, protecting the human rights of all, and labelling it justice certainly does not seem to create an untenable starting point. In fact, this approach that looks to protect the rights of all can be quite constructive because, ultimately, it is the people involved in a conflict who will determine whether a peace is just, and therefore lasting.
Marc Gopin
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195146509
- eISBN:
- 9780199834235
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195146506.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
In 1993, when Yasser Arafat and Yitzhak Rabin sealed the Oslo peace agreement, it was heralded as the beginning of a new era in the Middle East peace process. Instead, violence on both sides has ...
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In 1993, when Yasser Arafat and Yitzhak Rabin sealed the Oslo peace agreement, it was heralded as the beginning of a new era in the Middle East peace process. Instead, violence on both sides has continued to plague the region. The brutal facts on the ground have called into question the style of diplomacy that saw its greatest triumph with the Oslo Accords. This book asserts that the failure of the peace process stems in large part from its complete neglect of cultural and religious factors; attempted solutions have ignored the basic needs and values of average people. The author argues for a far greater integration of the religious communities of the region into peace‐building efforts. Drawing on his own personal experience with religion‐based peace initiatives in Israel and Palestine, he writes of the individuals and groups that are already attempting such reconciliations. He offers a detailed prescription for future negotiations using methods specifically designed to undermine the appeal of religious extremists by subtly incorporating religious values and symbols into the procedures of official and unofficial diplomacy, believing that a combination of secular and religious methods of peacemaking will yield a rich and creative model for conflict resolution. Any effort at peacemaking that fails to take into account the deep religious feelings of Muslims, Jews, and Christians is destined to fail. Only by including religion in the peace process can we move past fragile and superficial agreements and toward a deep and lasting solution. The book is arranged in two parts – Analysis, and Practical applications.Less
In 1993, when Yasser Arafat and Yitzhak Rabin sealed the Oslo peace agreement, it was heralded as the beginning of a new era in the Middle East peace process. Instead, violence on both sides has continued to plague the region. The brutal facts on the ground have called into question the style of diplomacy that saw its greatest triumph with the Oslo Accords. This book asserts that the failure of the peace process stems in large part from its complete neglect of cultural and religious factors; attempted solutions have ignored the basic needs and values of average people. The author argues for a far greater integration of the religious communities of the region into peace‐building efforts. Drawing on his own personal experience with religion‐based peace initiatives in Israel and Palestine, he writes of the individuals and groups that are already attempting such reconciliations. He offers a detailed prescription for future negotiations using methods specifically designed to undermine the appeal of religious extremists by subtly incorporating religious values and symbols into the procedures of official and unofficial diplomacy, believing that a combination of secular and religious methods of peacemaking will yield a rich and creative model for conflict resolution. Any effort at peacemaking that fails to take into account the deep religious feelings of Muslims, Jews, and Christians is destined to fail. Only by including religion in the peace process can we move past fragile and superficial agreements and toward a deep and lasting solution. The book is arranged in two parts – Analysis, and Practical applications.
Derek Drinkwater
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- April 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199273850
- eISBN:
- 9780191602344
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199273855.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Sir Harold Nicolson’s international thought, more specifically, his thinking on international order, diplomacy, a united Europe, world government, and global peace, was shaped by his upbringing in a ...
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Sir Harold Nicolson’s international thought, more specifically, his thinking on international order, diplomacy, a united Europe, world government, and global peace, was shaped by his upbringing in a diplomatic household, an Oxford classical education, and two decades as a diplomat in Europe and Asia Minor. Especially significant were his Foreign Office service in London during the First World War and his involvement in peacemaking at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, which culminated in the signing of the Treaty of Versailles. Nicolson also made important contributions at the Lausanne Conference (1922–23), en poste in Germany between 1927 and 1929, and as an anti-appeasement MP prior to the Second World War. His fifty-year career, from the time of the Balkan Wars to Suez, represented an attempt to resolve the question of how best to secure international stability: through power politics, idealism, or an amalgam of realist and idealist approaches.Less
Sir Harold Nicolson’s international thought, more specifically, his thinking on international order, diplomacy, a united Europe, world government, and global peace, was shaped by his upbringing in a diplomatic household, an Oxford classical education, and two decades as a diplomat in Europe and Asia Minor. Especially significant were his Foreign Office service in London during the First World War and his involvement in peacemaking at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, which culminated in the signing of the Treaty of Versailles. Nicolson also made important contributions at the Lausanne Conference (1922–23), en poste in Germany between 1927 and 1929, and as an anti-appeasement MP prior to the Second World War. His fifty-year career, from the time of the Balkan Wars to Suez, represented an attempt to resolve the question of how best to secure international stability: through power politics, idealism, or an amalgam of realist and idealist approaches.
Herbert C. Kelman
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195300314
- eISBN:
- 9780199868698
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195300314.003.0002
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter distinguishes between conflict settlement, conflict resolution, and reconciliation. The chapter relates these three processes of ending conflict to the author's earlier work on social ...
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This chapter distinguishes between conflict settlement, conflict resolution, and reconciliation. The chapter relates these three processes of ending conflict to the author's earlier work on social influence (i.e., process of compliance, identification, and internalization). Five conditions that can help groups in conflict arrive at the difficult point of revising their identity so as to accommodate to the identity of the other are discussed.Less
This chapter distinguishes between conflict settlement, conflict resolution, and reconciliation. The chapter relates these three processes of ending conflict to the author's earlier work on social influence (i.e., process of compliance, identification, and internalization). Five conditions that can help groups in conflict arrive at the difficult point of revising their identity so as to accommodate to the identity of the other are discussed.
Vjekoslav Perica
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195148565
- eISBN:
- 9780199834556
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195148568.003.0010
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
The first part of the chapter gives a brief account of the bloody fratricidal war fought in Croatia and Bosnia‐Herzegovina in 1991–5, which resulted from ethnic nationalistic revolutions aimed at ...
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The first part of the chapter gives a brief account of the bloody fratricidal war fought in Croatia and Bosnia‐Herzegovina in 1991–5, which resulted from ethnic nationalistic revolutions aimed at destroying the multiethnic federation of Yugoslavia founded by the communists, and establishing independent homogeneous states. Further wars would continue in 1998 (between the Serbs and Albanians in Kosovo) and in 2001 (between Albanians and Macedonians in Macedonia). The main part of the chapter discusses religion and nationalism in these successor states – Islam and Muslim nationalism in Bosnia‐Herzegovina, Catholicism (the Madonna of Medjugorje) and Croatian nationalism in Bosnia‐Herzegovina and Croatia, and the Orthodox Church in Serbia (and Kosovo), Macedonia, and Montenegro. The remaining two sections of the chapter discuss saint making in Croatia in the late 1990s, and the role of religious organizations in the international peace process.Less
The first part of the chapter gives a brief account of the bloody fratricidal war fought in Croatia and Bosnia‐Herzegovina in 1991–5, which resulted from ethnic nationalistic revolutions aimed at destroying the multiethnic federation of Yugoslavia founded by the communists, and establishing independent homogeneous states. Further wars would continue in 1998 (between the Serbs and Albanians in Kosovo) and in 2001 (between Albanians and Macedonians in Macedonia). The main part of the chapter discusses religion and nationalism in these successor states – Islam and Muslim nationalism in Bosnia‐Herzegovina, Catholicism (the Madonna of Medjugorje) and Croatian nationalism in Bosnia‐Herzegovina and Croatia, and the Orthodox Church in Serbia (and Kosovo), Macedonia, and Montenegro. The remaining two sections of the chapter discuss saint making in Croatia in the late 1990s, and the role of religious organizations in the international peace process.
Marc Gopin
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195146509
- eISBN:
- 9780199834235
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195146506.003.0010
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Like the last chapter, this one focuses on cultural shifts in the Israeli/Palestinian communities that are the key to determining a new relationship between them. This is contextualized by ...
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Like the last chapter, this one focuses on cultural shifts in the Israeli/Palestinian communities that are the key to determining a new relationship between them. This is contextualized by summarizing insights from the previous chapters in a phrase: myth matters. The author advocates a turning of conflict prevention and resolution methodologies toward a synergistic and humble engagement with the lived uses of ritual already in place in peacemaking in the region. In addition, he seeks a creative investigation and experimentation with the vast reservoir of Abrahamic uses of ritual to heal, establish basic patterns of civility, transform broken relationships, mourn, repent, end war, and make peace. The recommendations presented are given under the headings of Education and Training, Myth, Ritual, and Ceremony, Land Attachments, The Poor, Study as Peacebuilding, Social Contract and Covenants, Trust Building, Self‐examination and the Move From Barrier To Bridge, and Recommendations To Officials.Less
Like the last chapter, this one focuses on cultural shifts in the Israeli/Palestinian communities that are the key to determining a new relationship between them. This is contextualized by summarizing insights from the previous chapters in a phrase: myth matters. The author advocates a turning of conflict prevention and resolution methodologies toward a synergistic and humble engagement with the lived uses of ritual already in place in peacemaking in the region. In addition, he seeks a creative investigation and experimentation with the vast reservoir of Abrahamic uses of ritual to heal, establish basic patterns of civility, transform broken relationships, mourn, repent, end war, and make peace. The recommendations presented are given under the headings of Education and Training, Myth, Ritual, and Ceremony, Land Attachments, The Poor, Study as Peacebuilding, Social Contract and Covenants, Trust Building, Self‐examination and the Move From Barrier To Bridge, and Recommendations To Officials.
Patrick Mitchel
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199256150
- eISBN:
- 9780191602115
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199256152.003.0009
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Examines the development and ideology of Evangelical Contribution on Northern Ireland (ECONI). ECONI has forged an activist, open, yet orthodox evangelical identity opposed ideologically to the ...
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Examines the development and ideology of Evangelical Contribution on Northern Ireland (ECONI). ECONI has forged an activist, open, yet orthodox evangelical identity opposed ideologically to the religious nationalism of Paisleyism and Orangeism on the one hand, and the passive impotence of Presbyterianism on the other hand. The group’s existence (and opposition to it) is reflective of the theological diversity within Ulster evangelicalism. ECONI lies on the evangelical left, articulating a pre-fundamentalist broad evangelical tradition with an emphasis on social justice and peacemaking and a non-defensive inclusive ethos. It is argued that, despite inconsistencies and limited popular impact, the group has succeeded in allowing a coherent expression of evangelical faith shorn of ethnic particularity to be expressed in Ulster.Less
Examines the development and ideology of Evangelical Contribution on Northern Ireland (ECONI). ECONI has forged an activist, open, yet orthodox evangelical identity opposed ideologically to the religious nationalism of Paisleyism and Orangeism on the one hand, and the passive impotence of Presbyterianism on the other hand. The group’s existence (and opposition to it) is reflective of the theological diversity within Ulster evangelicalism. ECONI lies on the evangelical left, articulating a pre-fundamentalist broad evangelical tradition with an emphasis on social justice and peacemaking and a non-defensive inclusive ethos. It is argued that, despite inconsistencies and limited popular impact, the group has succeeded in allowing a coherent expression of evangelical faith shorn of ethnic particularity to be expressed in Ulster.
Marc Gopin
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195146509
- eISBN:
- 9780199834235
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195146506.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This introductory chapter highlights the role of culture and religion (which, for purposes of this book is treated as a subset of cultural phenomena) in conflict generation and peacemaking. The ...
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This introductory chapter highlights the role of culture and religion (which, for purposes of this book is treated as a subset of cultural phenomena) in conflict generation and peacemaking. The importance of cross‐religious study is also emphasized, particularly in the case of religions with very complex origins such as the Abrahamic faiths (Islam, Judaism, and Christianity) in which interrelatedness betrays the causes of rivalry and historical conflict, and the chapter also uncovers places for conflict resolution and peacemaking by discovering points of convergence. The aim of the book is to discover the deeper roots of the Middle East conflict and to apply them to the challenges and possibilities for future Palestine–Israel relations.Less
This introductory chapter highlights the role of culture and religion (which, for purposes of this book is treated as a subset of cultural phenomena) in conflict generation and peacemaking. The importance of cross‐religious study is also emphasized, particularly in the case of religions with very complex origins such as the Abrahamic faiths (Islam, Judaism, and Christianity) in which interrelatedness betrays the causes of rivalry and historical conflict, and the chapter also uncovers places for conflict resolution and peacemaking by discovering points of convergence. The aim of the book is to discover the deeper roots of the Middle East conflict and to apply them to the challenges and possibilities for future Palestine–Israel relations.
Marc Gopin
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195146509
- eISBN:
- 9780199834235
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195146506.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Starts with an analysis of the Abrahamic family myth (or metaphor) as treated by the three Abrahamic faiths (Islam, Judaism, and Christianity), showing how it sets the stage for mythically based ...
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Starts with an analysis of the Abrahamic family myth (or metaphor) as treated by the three Abrahamic faiths (Islam, Judaism, and Christianity), showing how it sets the stage for mythically based conflict. It goes on to discuss the use of metaphor and cultural constructs as a framework for meetings and peace negotiations between Israelis and Arabs, and then addresses street or other public encounters, and wonders whether the alienating constructs of modern city life (and Western suburban life) have a role to play in the origin of violence. The last part of the chapter wraps these approaches together in a discussion of the possibilities for Arab/Jewish reconciliation in general, and Israeli/Palestinian reconciliation, in particular.Less
Starts with an analysis of the Abrahamic family myth (or metaphor) as treated by the three Abrahamic faiths (Islam, Judaism, and Christianity), showing how it sets the stage for mythically based conflict. It goes on to discuss the use of metaphor and cultural constructs as a framework for meetings and peace negotiations between Israelis and Arabs, and then addresses street or other public encounters, and wonders whether the alienating constructs of modern city life (and Western suburban life) have a role to play in the origin of violence. The last part of the chapter wraps these approaches together in a discussion of the possibilities for Arab/Jewish reconciliation in general, and Israeli/Palestinian reconciliation, in particular.
Marc Gopin
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195146509
- eISBN:
- 9780199834235
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195146506.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
It is argued that the rational processes of political negotiation and diplomacy can never progress very far without taking account of the (cultural) myths underlying the attitudes of all parties (and ...
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It is argued that the rational processes of political negotiation and diplomacy can never progress very far without taking account of the (cultural) myths underlying the attitudes of all parties (and intervenors) involved. Such myths are often expressed in terms of some idealized self‐image, together with a demonized mythic construct of the “other.” These arguments are illustrated by addressing the contemporary examples of the coup against Milosevic in Serbia, and peacemaking processes in which the author has been involved in Israel/Palestine. The latter covers the work of Rabbi Frohman in Israel, attempts to get the US Administration under Clinton involved in a Jewish–Muslim dialog, and steps toward the Jerusalem Religious Peace Agreement (the Islamic/Jewish treaty).Less
It is argued that the rational processes of political negotiation and diplomacy can never progress very far without taking account of the (cultural) myths underlying the attitudes of all parties (and intervenors) involved. Such myths are often expressed in terms of some idealized self‐image, together with a demonized mythic construct of the “other.” These arguments are illustrated by addressing the contemporary examples of the coup against Milosevic in Serbia, and peacemaking processes in which the author has been involved in Israel/Palestine. The latter covers the work of Rabbi Frohman in Israel, attempts to get the US Administration under Clinton involved in a Jewish–Muslim dialog, and steps toward the Jerusalem Religious Peace Agreement (the Islamic/Jewish treaty).
Marc Gopin
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195146509
- eISBN:
- 9780199834235
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195146506.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Addresses the role of memories of personal and collective injury – the scars of conflict and violence – in retarding peacemaking processes. The important role of organized religion in this kind of ...
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Addresses the role of memories of personal and collective injury – the scars of conflict and violence – in retarding peacemaking processes. The important role of organized religion in this kind of “perpetuated mourning,” and its role in conflict generation and avoidance, and self‐examination and self‐judgment, is discussed. It is noted that systems of coping with ultimate loss must become part of any conflict resolution between enemies, and that although each community involved must accomplish this separately, peacemakers should coordinate the process. Two things are needed to disengage a group from the need to be violent: manufactured injury (often based on the political ambitions of leaders) must be separated from actual injury; and manufactured injuries that are rooted in weak internal self‐conceptions must be replaced by a strong sense of self that does not need injury to survive. In the case of the Israel/Palestine conflict, these processes are as important for Jews in relation to the Holocaust as for Palestinians in relation to the loss of their country in 1948.Less
Addresses the role of memories of personal and collective injury – the scars of conflict and violence – in retarding peacemaking processes. The important role of organized religion in this kind of “perpetuated mourning,” and its role in conflict generation and avoidance, and self‐examination and self‐judgment, is discussed. It is noted that systems of coping with ultimate loss must become part of any conflict resolution between enemies, and that although each community involved must accomplish this separately, peacemakers should coordinate the process. Two things are needed to disengage a group from the need to be violent: manufactured injury (often based on the political ambitions of leaders) must be separated from actual injury; and manufactured injuries that are rooted in weak internal self‐conceptions must be replaced by a strong sense of self that does not need injury to survive. In the case of the Israel/Palestine conflict, these processes are as important for Jews in relation to the Holocaust as for Palestinians in relation to the loss of their country in 1948.
Marc Gopin
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195146509
- eISBN:
- 9780199834235
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195146506.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
One of the central challenges facing cultural and religious peacemaking is the self‐imposed wall around ethnic and religious identities, particularly in terms of the deliberate circumscription of ...
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One of the central challenges facing cultural and religious peacemaking is the self‐imposed wall around ethnic and religious identities, particularly in terms of the deliberate circumscription of their prosocial moral structures and meaning systems. Among the ethical resources within Abrahamic traditions for peacemaking and conflict resolution, one of the most important in terms of building prosocial relationships is the way that individuals and communities cope with moral failure of the individual. Understanding this is vital for intercultural work because here the outsider group is often the object of the failed relationship; potentially at least, such a relationship could be transformed by means of the traditional process of acknowledging sin and ultimately receiving forgiveness. The various parameters and uses of forgiveness and reconciliation in the traditions of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam are examined at length, and it is concluded that there is potential in all three of these religions for the use of reconciliation in the processes of conflict resolution.Less
One of the central challenges facing cultural and religious peacemaking is the self‐imposed wall around ethnic and religious identities, particularly in terms of the deliberate circumscription of their prosocial moral structures and meaning systems. Among the ethical resources within Abrahamic traditions for peacemaking and conflict resolution, one of the most important in terms of building prosocial relationships is the way that individuals and communities cope with moral failure of the individual. Understanding this is vital for intercultural work because here the outsider group is often the object of the failed relationship; potentially at least, such a relationship could be transformed by means of the traditional process of acknowledging sin and ultimately receiving forgiveness. The various parameters and uses of forgiveness and reconciliation in the traditions of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam are examined at length, and it is concluded that there is potential in all three of these religions for the use of reconciliation in the processes of conflict resolution.
Elizabeth Beck, Nancy P. Kropf, and Pamela Blume Leonard (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195394641
- eISBN:
- 9780199863365
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195394641.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations
Restorative justice and social work share principles and goals, including the goal of addressing pain and conflict. Many of the processes used by restorative justice practitioners are based on ...
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Restorative justice and social work share principles and goals, including the goal of addressing pain and conflict. Many of the processes used by restorative justice practitioners are based on indigenous practices that facilitate peacemaking, victim healing, and reengagement of offenders. As a method for transforming conflict, restorative justice can be viewed as a theory, a principle, and a practice. Each aspect of restorative justice has the ability to inform and strengthen social work practice and restorative practices can be enhanced by the knowledge, evidenced based initiatives, practice modes, and commitment to social justice pioneered by social work. This book examines the intersection of the two disciplines by exploring restorative justice practices in traditional social work environments. The book provides case studies in settings such as school settings, communities, domestic violence, homicide, prisons, child welfare, and gerontology. Social workers and restorative justice practitioners collaborate on each chapter, outlining theoretical orientations, specific intervention approaches and practice principles that integrate the strengths of each approach in ranging from the commonplace contradiction of punishing public school students for behavioral problems by depriving them of the opportunity to learn from their mistakes to the role that both social work and restorative processes have played in the rebuilding of Liberia.Less
Restorative justice and social work share principles and goals, including the goal of addressing pain and conflict. Many of the processes used by restorative justice practitioners are based on indigenous practices that facilitate peacemaking, victim healing, and reengagement of offenders. As a method for transforming conflict, restorative justice can be viewed as a theory, a principle, and a practice. Each aspect of restorative justice has the ability to inform and strengthen social work practice and restorative practices can be enhanced by the knowledge, evidenced based initiatives, practice modes, and commitment to social justice pioneered by social work. This book examines the intersection of the two disciplines by exploring restorative justice practices in traditional social work environments. The book provides case studies in settings such as school settings, communities, domestic violence, homicide, prisons, child welfare, and gerontology. Social workers and restorative justice practitioners collaborate on each chapter, outlining theoretical orientations, specific intervention approaches and practice principles that integrate the strengths of each approach in ranging from the commonplace contradiction of punishing public school students for behavioral problems by depriving them of the opportunity to learn from their mistakes to the role that both social work and restorative processes have played in the rebuilding of Liberia.
Jehangir Yezdi Malegam
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801451324
- eISBN:
- 9780801467899
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801451324.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
This book explores the emergence of conflicting concepts of peace in western Europe during the High Middle Ages. Ever since the early Church, Christian thinkers had conceived of their peace separate ...
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This book explores the emergence of conflicting concepts of peace in western Europe during the High Middle Ages. Ever since the early Church, Christian thinkers had conceived of their peace separate from the peace of the world, guarded by the sacraments and shared only grudgingly with powers and principalities. After 1000, reformers in the papal curia and monks and canons in the intellectual circles of northern France began to reimagine the Church as an engine of true peace, whose task it was eventually to absorb all peoples through progressive acts of revolutionary peacemaking. Peace as they envisioned it became a mandate for reform through conflict, coercion, and insurrection. And the pursuit of mere tranquility appeared dangerous, and even diabolical. As this book shows, within western Christendom’s major centers of intellectual activity and political thought, the clergy competed over the meaning and monopolization of the term “peace,” contrasting it with what one canon lawyer called the “sleep of Behemoth,” a diabolical “false” peace of lassitude and complacency, one that produced unsuitable forms of community and friendship that must be overturned at all costs. Out of this contest, medieval thinkers developed theologies that shaped secular political theory in the later Middle Ages. The book traces this radical experiment in redefining the meaning of peace from the papal courts of Rome and the schools of Laon, Liège, and Paris to its gradual spread across the continent and its impact on such developments as the rise of papal monarchism; the growth of urban, communal self-government; and the emergence of secular and mystical scholasticism.Less
This book explores the emergence of conflicting concepts of peace in western Europe during the High Middle Ages. Ever since the early Church, Christian thinkers had conceived of their peace separate from the peace of the world, guarded by the sacraments and shared only grudgingly with powers and principalities. After 1000, reformers in the papal curia and monks and canons in the intellectual circles of northern France began to reimagine the Church as an engine of true peace, whose task it was eventually to absorb all peoples through progressive acts of revolutionary peacemaking. Peace as they envisioned it became a mandate for reform through conflict, coercion, and insurrection. And the pursuit of mere tranquility appeared dangerous, and even diabolical. As this book shows, within western Christendom’s major centers of intellectual activity and political thought, the clergy competed over the meaning and monopolization of the term “peace,” contrasting it with what one canon lawyer called the “sleep of Behemoth,” a diabolical “false” peace of lassitude and complacency, one that produced unsuitable forms of community and friendship that must be overturned at all costs. Out of this contest, medieval thinkers developed theologies that shaped secular political theory in the later Middle Ages. The book traces this radical experiment in redefining the meaning of peace from the papal courts of Rome and the schools of Laon, Liège, and Paris to its gradual spread across the continent and its impact on such developments as the rise of papal monarchism; the growth of urban, communal self-government; and the emergence of secular and mystical scholasticism.
Elizabeth Beck and Andrea Wood
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195394641
- eISBN:
- 9780199863365
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195394641.003.0004
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations
This chapter discusses the four major restorative practices: victim-offender dialogues, family group conferences, peacemaking circles, and truth and reconciliation commissions. It offers individuals ...
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This chapter discusses the four major restorative practices: victim-offender dialogues, family group conferences, peacemaking circles, and truth and reconciliation commissions. It offers individuals who have not participated in a restorative practice the opportunity to envision each of the processes from preparation through follow-through. While the practices highlighted are often used in the aftermath of crime, all of them can be adapted to addressing wrongdoing in a number of other contexts. Examined for each of the descriptions are foundational principles that underpin the practice, an overview of the preparation, the process of the actual encounter, and follow up. Finally, the chapter offers some thoughts about why the process can be so effective.Less
This chapter discusses the four major restorative practices: victim-offender dialogues, family group conferences, peacemaking circles, and truth and reconciliation commissions. It offers individuals who have not participated in a restorative practice the opportunity to envision each of the processes from preparation through follow-through. While the practices highlighted are often used in the aftermath of crime, all of them can be adapted to addressing wrongdoing in a number of other contexts. Examined for each of the descriptions are foundational principles that underpin the practice, an overview of the preparation, the process of the actual encounter, and follow up. Finally, the chapter offers some thoughts about why the process can be so effective.
Michele V. Hamilton and Lesa Nitcy Hope
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195394641
- eISBN:
- 9780199863365
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195394641.003.0005
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations
This chapter starts by pointing out a major contradiction in the current United States public school system. Ideally, schools are places where children acquire intellectual and social skills that ...
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This chapter starts by pointing out a major contradiction in the current United States public school system. Ideally, schools are places where children acquire intellectual and social skills that support their capacity to develop. However, when behavioral problems occur, too often students are addressed from a deficit-based approach, and opportunities for them to learn from mistakes are lost. The chapter explores how peacemaking circles are used in schools as an innovative approach to assist students, faculty, families, and community members in addressing problems that arise in the school as well as creating new stories of hope, contribution, and inclusion for students in the school system. It points out that restorative processes are often used in extreme punishment scenarios such as in the case of expulsion, but the case study considered in the chapter focuses on a restorative process used in an ordinary and routine situation—miscommunication between a school staff member and student.Less
This chapter starts by pointing out a major contradiction in the current United States public school system. Ideally, schools are places where children acquire intellectual and social skills that support their capacity to develop. However, when behavioral problems occur, too often students are addressed from a deficit-based approach, and opportunities for them to learn from mistakes are lost. The chapter explores how peacemaking circles are used in schools as an innovative approach to assist students, faculty, families, and community members in addressing problems that arise in the school as well as creating new stories of hope, contribution, and inclusion for students in the school system. It points out that restorative processes are often used in extreme punishment scenarios such as in the case of expulsion, but the case study considered in the chapter focuses on a restorative process used in an ordinary and routine situation—miscommunication between a school staff member and student.
Alex de Waal
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199739073
- eISBN:
- 9780199855872
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199739073.003.0008
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
This chapter takes an anthropological look at the principles, institutions, and practices of humanitarianism. The chapter finds that the ethics and norms inherent in the humanitarian encounter ...
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This chapter takes an anthropological look at the principles, institutions, and practices of humanitarianism. The chapter finds that the ethics and norms inherent in the humanitarian encounter frequently reflect the fact that good intentions can have unintended and harmful consequences. This analysis looks at development programs, humanitarian efforts, human rights organizations, and peacemaking initiatives. It is argued that the ethics of humanitarianism may indeed be compromised as humanitarians engage with political reality. However, this engagement elevates politics overall. The principles and rules of humanitarian institutions can constrain power, and its adverse impact on philanthropy. In a case study of the Sudan, however, the chapter finds that Sudanese politics and society overwhelm and subvert humanitarian ethics and norms.Less
This chapter takes an anthropological look at the principles, institutions, and practices of humanitarianism. The chapter finds that the ethics and norms inherent in the humanitarian encounter frequently reflect the fact that good intentions can have unintended and harmful consequences. This analysis looks at development programs, humanitarian efforts, human rights organizations, and peacemaking initiatives. It is argued that the ethics of humanitarianism may indeed be compromised as humanitarians engage with political reality. However, this engagement elevates politics overall. The principles and rules of humanitarian institutions can constrain power, and its adverse impact on philanthropy. In a case study of the Sudan, however, the chapter finds that Sudanese politics and society overwhelm and subvert humanitarian ethics and norms.
Daniel C. Kurtzer, Scott B. Lasensky, William B. Quandt, Steven L. Spiegel, and Shibley Z. Telhami
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801451478
- eISBN:
- 9780801465864
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801451478.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Each phase of Arab–Israeli peacemaking has been inordinately difficult in its own right, and every critical juncture and decision point in the long process has been shaped by U.S. politics and the ...
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Each phase of Arab–Israeli peacemaking has been inordinately difficult in its own right, and every critical juncture and decision point in the long process has been shaped by U.S. politics and the U.S. leaders of the moment. This book tracks the American determination to articulate policy, develop strategy and tactics, and see through negotiations to agreements on an issue that has been of singular importance to U.S. interests for more than forty years. In 2006, the Study Group on Arab–Israeli Peacemaking was formed, a project supported by the United States Institute of Peace, to develop a set of “best practices” for American diplomacy. The Study Group conducted in-depth interviews with more than 120 policymakers, diplomats, academics, and civil society figures and developed performance assessments of the various U.S. administrations of the post-Cold War period. This book, an objective account of the role of the United States in attempting to achieve a lasting Arab–Israeli peace, is informed by access to key individuals and official archives.Less
Each phase of Arab–Israeli peacemaking has been inordinately difficult in its own right, and every critical juncture and decision point in the long process has been shaped by U.S. politics and the U.S. leaders of the moment. This book tracks the American determination to articulate policy, develop strategy and tactics, and see through negotiations to agreements on an issue that has been of singular importance to U.S. interests for more than forty years. In 2006, the Study Group on Arab–Israeli Peacemaking was formed, a project supported by the United States Institute of Peace, to develop a set of “best practices” for American diplomacy. The Study Group conducted in-depth interviews with more than 120 policymakers, diplomats, academics, and civil society figures and developed performance assessments of the various U.S. administrations of the post-Cold War period. This book, an objective account of the role of the United States in attempting to achieve a lasting Arab–Israeli peace, is informed by access to key individuals and official archives.
Kyle Beardsley
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801450037
- eISBN:
- 9780801462610
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801450037.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Mediation has become a common technique for terminating violent conflicts both within and between states; while mediation has a strong record in reducing hostilities, it is not without its own ...
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Mediation has become a common technique for terminating violent conflicts both within and between states; while mediation has a strong record in reducing hostilities, it is not without its own problems. This book highlights its long-term limitations. The result of this approach to peacemaking is often a fragile peace. With the intervention of a third-party mediator, warring parties may formally agree to concessions that are insupportable in the long term and soon enough find themselves at odds again. The book examines this argument using two data sets and traces it through several historical cases: Henry Kissinger's and Jimmy Carter's initiatives in the Middle East, 1973–1979; Theodore Roosevelt's 1905 mediation in the Russo-Japanese War; and Carter's attempt to mediate in the 1994 North Korean nuclear crisis. It also draws upon the lessons of the 1993 Arusha Accords, the 1993 Oslo Accords, Haiti in 1994, the 2002 Ceasefire Agreement in Sri Lanka, and the 2005 Memorandum of Understanding in Aceh. The book concludes that a reliance on mediation risks a greater chance of conflict relapse in the future, whereas the rejection of mediation risks ongoing bloodshed as war continues. The trade-off between mediation's short-term and long-term effects is stark when the third-party mediator adopts heavy-handed forms of leverage, and, the book finds, multiple mediators and intergovernmental organizations also do relatively poorly in securing long-term peace. It finds that mediation has the greatest opportunity to foster both short-term and long-term peace when a single third party mediates among belligerents that can afford to wait for a self-enforcing arrangement to be reached.Less
Mediation has become a common technique for terminating violent conflicts both within and between states; while mediation has a strong record in reducing hostilities, it is not without its own problems. This book highlights its long-term limitations. The result of this approach to peacemaking is often a fragile peace. With the intervention of a third-party mediator, warring parties may formally agree to concessions that are insupportable in the long term and soon enough find themselves at odds again. The book examines this argument using two data sets and traces it through several historical cases: Henry Kissinger's and Jimmy Carter's initiatives in the Middle East, 1973–1979; Theodore Roosevelt's 1905 mediation in the Russo-Japanese War; and Carter's attempt to mediate in the 1994 North Korean nuclear crisis. It also draws upon the lessons of the 1993 Arusha Accords, the 1993 Oslo Accords, Haiti in 1994, the 2002 Ceasefire Agreement in Sri Lanka, and the 2005 Memorandum of Understanding in Aceh. The book concludes that a reliance on mediation risks a greater chance of conflict relapse in the future, whereas the rejection of mediation risks ongoing bloodshed as war continues. The trade-off between mediation's short-term and long-term effects is stark when the third-party mediator adopts heavy-handed forms of leverage, and, the book finds, multiple mediators and intergovernmental organizations also do relatively poorly in securing long-term peace. It finds that mediation has the greatest opportunity to foster both short-term and long-term peace when a single third party mediates among belligerents that can afford to wait for a self-enforcing arrangement to be reached.
John D. Brewer, Gareth I. Higgins, and Francis Teeney
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199694020
- eISBN:
- 9780191730825
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199694020.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society, Church History
The Introduction outlines the areas to be covered in this book, reviewing the literature on civil society peacemaking and the Northern Irish peace process. It emphasizes the neglect of religion, and ...
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The Introduction outlines the areas to be covered in this book, reviewing the literature on civil society peacemaking and the Northern Irish peace process. It emphasizes the neglect of religion, and civil society more generally, in the literature on Northern Ireland’s peace process. This presages the contribution of the book, which lies in three areas: developing a conceptualization to help understand religious peacebuilding in Northern Ireland; more generally, to evaluate the role of civil society in democratic transitions; and to assess the potential for spiritual capital in Northern Ireland post-conflict. The arguments of the book are summarized.Less
The Introduction outlines the areas to be covered in this book, reviewing the literature on civil society peacemaking and the Northern Irish peace process. It emphasizes the neglect of religion, and civil society more generally, in the literature on Northern Ireland’s peace process. This presages the contribution of the book, which lies in three areas: developing a conceptualization to help understand religious peacebuilding in Northern Ireland; more generally, to evaluate the role of civil society in democratic transitions; and to assess the potential for spiritual capital in Northern Ireland post-conflict. The arguments of the book are summarized.
