Eugene Huskey
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199276141
- eISBN:
- 9780191603341
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199276145.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, Russian Politics
This chapter discusses the emergence of a new form of patronage politics under the Putin presidency. Patronage politics is not limited to the political appointees who serve at the pleasure of elected ...
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This chapter discusses the emergence of a new form of patronage politics under the Putin presidency. Patronage politics is not limited to the political appointees who serve at the pleasure of elected leaders, often as senior staff members or management cadres in the core executive. Elected officials, permanent civil servants, and leaders of business and non-government organizations are also subject to a spoils system that allows federal and regional leaders to influence personnel decisions in ways that endanger political pluralism.Less
This chapter discusses the emergence of a new form of patronage politics under the Putin presidency. Patronage politics is not limited to the political appointees who serve at the pleasure of elected leaders, often as senior staff members or management cadres in the core executive. Elected officials, permanent civil servants, and leaders of business and non-government organizations are also subject to a spoils system that allows federal and regional leaders to influence personnel decisions in ways that endanger political pluralism.
COLIN NEWBURY
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199257812
- eISBN:
- 9780191717864
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199257812.003.11
- Subject:
- History, World Early Modern History
The Hawaiian Kingdom was ruled by a paramount lineage through appointment of Hawaiians and Europeans to offices of state. Acceptance of laws, literacy and religion, on Hawaiian terms, maintained the ...
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The Hawaiian Kingdom was ruled by a paramount lineage through appointment of Hawaiians and Europeans to offices of state. Acceptance of laws, literacy and religion, on Hawaiian terms, maintained the primacy of the royal executive over its nobles, its ministers, and its system of island government. Foreign settlers were integrated within a Polynesian hierarchy as ‘service gentry’. Recognition by foreign powers allowed the ruling lineage to manage a Pacific state by securing a loyal civil service and control of political representation and the judiciary until the 1880s. Thereafter, royal patronage was challenged through the Legislature by a minority of lawyers, businessmen and republicans. By 1891, royal prerogatives were under threat and foreign relations depended on American good will. A militant faction overturned the monarchy in 1893, preparing the way for Congressional approval of an illegal settler government, annexation and Territorial status. But patronage politics continued into the 1930s under the influence of business corporations and Republican Executives.Less
The Hawaiian Kingdom was ruled by a paramount lineage through appointment of Hawaiians and Europeans to offices of state. Acceptance of laws, literacy and religion, on Hawaiian terms, maintained the primacy of the royal executive over its nobles, its ministers, and its system of island government. Foreign settlers were integrated within a Polynesian hierarchy as ‘service gentry’. Recognition by foreign powers allowed the ruling lineage to manage a Pacific state by securing a loyal civil service and control of political representation and the judiciary until the 1880s. Thereafter, royal patronage was challenged through the Legislature by a minority of lawyers, businessmen and republicans. By 1891, royal prerogatives were under threat and foreign relations depended on American good will. A militant faction overturned the monarchy in 1893, preparing the way for Congressional approval of an illegal settler government, annexation and Territorial status. But patronage politics continued into the 1930s under the influence of business corporations and Republican Executives.
Melina Pappademos
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807834909
- eISBN:
- 9781469602769
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807869178_pappademos
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
While it was not until 1871 that slavery in Cuba was finally abolished, African-descended people had high hopes for legal, social, and economic advancement as the republican period started. This book ...
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While it was not until 1871 that slavery in Cuba was finally abolished, African-descended people had high hopes for legal, social, and economic advancement as the republican period started. This book analyzes the racial politics and culture of black civic and political activists during the Cuban Republic. The path to equality, the author reveals, was often stymied by successive political and economic crises, patronage politics, and profound racial tensions. In the face of these issues, black political leaders and members of black social clubs developed strategies for expanding their political authority, and for winning respectability and socioeconomic resources. Rather than appeal to a monolithic black Cuban identity based on the assumption of shared experience, these black activists, politicians, and public intellectuals consistently recognized the class, cultural, and ideological differences that existed within the black community, thus challenging conventional wisdom about black community formation and anachronistic ideas of racial solidarity. The author illuminates the central, yet often silenced, intellectual and cultural role of black Cubans in the formation of the nation's political structures; in doing so, she shows that black activism was only partially motivated by race.Less
While it was not until 1871 that slavery in Cuba was finally abolished, African-descended people had high hopes for legal, social, and economic advancement as the republican period started. This book analyzes the racial politics and culture of black civic and political activists during the Cuban Republic. The path to equality, the author reveals, was often stymied by successive political and economic crises, patronage politics, and profound racial tensions. In the face of these issues, black political leaders and members of black social clubs developed strategies for expanding their political authority, and for winning respectability and socioeconomic resources. Rather than appeal to a monolithic black Cuban identity based on the assumption of shared experience, these black activists, politicians, and public intellectuals consistently recognized the class, cultural, and ideological differences that existed within the black community, thus challenging conventional wisdom about black community formation and anachronistic ideas of racial solidarity. The author illuminates the central, yet often silenced, intellectual and cultural role of black Cubans in the formation of the nation's political structures; in doing so, she shows that black activism was only partially motivated by race.
Michael J. Franklin
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199532001
- eISBN:
- 9780191730900
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199532001.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History, British and Irish Modern History
Sir William Jones (1746–94), poet, philologist, polymath, polyglot, and acknowledged legislator was the foremost Orientalist of his generation and one of the greatest intellectual navigators of all ...
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Sir William Jones (1746–94), poet, philologist, polymath, polyglot, and acknowledged legislator was the foremost Orientalist of his generation and one of the greatest intellectual navigators of all time. He re–drew the map of European thought. ‘Orientalist’ Jones was an extraordinary man and an intensely colourful figure. At the age of twenty–six, Jones was elected to Dr Johnson’s Literary Club, on terms of intimacy with the metropolitan luminaries of the day. The names of his friends in Britain and India presents a roll–call of late eighteenth–century glitterati: Johnson, Hester Thrale, Elizabeth Craven, Boswell, Reynolds, Georgiana, duchess of Devonshire, Elizabeth Vesey, Elizabeth Montagu, Franklin, Price, Priestley, Burke, Hastings, Zoffany, Gibbon, Goldsmith, Percy, Sheridan, Fox, Pitt, Wilkes, Warton, Garrick, etc.. In Bengal his Sanskrit researches marked the beginning of Indo–European comparative grammar, and modern comparative–historical linguistics, of Indology, and the disciplines of comparative literature, philology, mythology, and law. He did more than any other writer to destroy Eurocentric prejudice, reshaping Western perceptions of India and the Orient. Jones’s remarkable career embodies a reverse transculturation in suggesting that enlightened tolerance was Asia’s gift to Europe. His commitment to the translation of culture, a multiculturalism fascinated as much by similitude as difference, profoundly influenced European and British Romanticism, offering the West disconcerting new relationships and disorienting orientations. Jones’s translation of Śakuntalā (1789) accomplished Oriental renaissance in the West and cultural revolution in India. William Jones is remembered with great affection throughout the subcontinent as a man who facilitated India’s cultural assimilation into the modern world, helping to build India’s future on the immensity, sophistication, and pluralism of its past.Less
Sir William Jones (1746–94), poet, philologist, polymath, polyglot, and acknowledged legislator was the foremost Orientalist of his generation and one of the greatest intellectual navigators of all time. He re–drew the map of European thought. ‘Orientalist’ Jones was an extraordinary man and an intensely colourful figure. At the age of twenty–six, Jones was elected to Dr Johnson’s Literary Club, on terms of intimacy with the metropolitan luminaries of the day. The names of his friends in Britain and India presents a roll–call of late eighteenth–century glitterati: Johnson, Hester Thrale, Elizabeth Craven, Boswell, Reynolds, Georgiana, duchess of Devonshire, Elizabeth Vesey, Elizabeth Montagu, Franklin, Price, Priestley, Burke, Hastings, Zoffany, Gibbon, Goldsmith, Percy, Sheridan, Fox, Pitt, Wilkes, Warton, Garrick, etc.. In Bengal his Sanskrit researches marked the beginning of Indo–European comparative grammar, and modern comparative–historical linguistics, of Indology, and the disciplines of comparative literature, philology, mythology, and law. He did more than any other writer to destroy Eurocentric prejudice, reshaping Western perceptions of India and the Orient. Jones’s remarkable career embodies a reverse transculturation in suggesting that enlightened tolerance was Asia’s gift to Europe. His commitment to the translation of culture, a multiculturalism fascinated as much by similitude as difference, profoundly influenced European and British Romanticism, offering the West disconcerting new relationships and disorienting orientations. Jones’s translation of Śakuntalā (1789) accomplished Oriental renaissance in the West and cultural revolution in India. William Jones is remembered with great affection throughout the subcontinent as a man who facilitated India’s cultural assimilation into the modern world, helping to build India’s future on the immensity, sophistication, and pluralism of its past.
Takis S. Pappas
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198837886
- eISBN:
- 9780191874482
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198837886.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Chapter 5 deals with populists in office and exposes what the author terms the “populist blueprint.” Once again based on comparative empirical analysis, it explains how populist parties consolidate ...
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Chapter 5 deals with populists in office and exposes what the author terms the “populist blueprint.” Once again based on comparative empirical analysis, it explains how populist parties consolidate in power by means of grabbing the top state administration and depriving key liberal institutions of autonomy, especially the judiciary, state-independent authorities, and the media. Another common characteristic of all populist parties in office is their systematization of patronage politics under the logic of excluding the opposition from state-related benefits and other resources. Finally, the pieces of the illiberal and populist project are put together in an effort to think about it all in a systematic and rationalizing way.Less
Chapter 5 deals with populists in office and exposes what the author terms the “populist blueprint.” Once again based on comparative empirical analysis, it explains how populist parties consolidate in power by means of grabbing the top state administration and depriving key liberal institutions of autonomy, especially the judiciary, state-independent authorities, and the media. Another common characteristic of all populist parties in office is their systematization of patronage politics under the logic of excluding the opposition from state-related benefits and other resources. Finally, the pieces of the illiberal and populist project are put together in an effort to think about it all in a systematic and rationalizing way.
Erin Metz McDonnell
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780691197364
- eISBN:
- 9780691200064
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691197364.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
This chapter argues that niches are built by “clustering distinctiveness”—drawing together particular types of people who are otherwise rare in the larger environment. First, this requires filtering ...
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This chapter argues that niches are built by “clustering distinctiveness”—drawing together particular types of people who are otherwise rare in the larger environment. First, this requires filtering out the influence of patronage politics, reducing the importance of networks on hiring decisions that leave employees more beholden to their patron than to their position. Second, it requires active selection. Selection entails finding, attracting, and recruiting a rare human resource: people who have motivations, inclinations, practices, and skill sets that provide a foundation for building a rational, impersonal administration oriented towards achieving the organization's goals. In the face of environmental challenges, the chapter highlights the intensive recruitment process of employees across the Ghanaian niches, including selection strategies, probationary periods, and recruiting from already professionalized environments. Those intensive and highly interpersonal recruitment processes create a sense within recruits that they are special and have been chosen—specifically, chosen for particular characteristics like incorruptibility and hard work, which others in the niche also share. Clustering a critical mass of those scarce resources with a shared sense of commonality enables new organizational possibilities, fostering in-group identification, dedication, and enhanced effort, culminating in a subculture of the bureaucratic ethos.Less
This chapter argues that niches are built by “clustering distinctiveness”—drawing together particular types of people who are otherwise rare in the larger environment. First, this requires filtering out the influence of patronage politics, reducing the importance of networks on hiring decisions that leave employees more beholden to their patron than to their position. Second, it requires active selection. Selection entails finding, attracting, and recruiting a rare human resource: people who have motivations, inclinations, practices, and skill sets that provide a foundation for building a rational, impersonal administration oriented towards achieving the organization's goals. In the face of environmental challenges, the chapter highlights the intensive recruitment process of employees across the Ghanaian niches, including selection strategies, probationary periods, and recruiting from already professionalized environments. Those intensive and highly interpersonal recruitment processes create a sense within recruits that they are special and have been chosen—specifically, chosen for particular characteristics like incorruptibility and hard work, which others in the niche also share. Clustering a critical mass of those scarce resources with a shared sense of commonality enables new organizational possibilities, fostering in-group identification, dedication, and enhanced effort, culminating in a subculture of the bureaucratic ethos.
Pablo Lapegna
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780190215132
- eISBN:
- 9780190215170
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190215132.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
Chapter 2 zooms in on the province of Formosa, in the north of Argentina, to reconstruct the history of peasant organizations (particularly the Peasant Leagues), the local impacts of ...
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Chapter 2 zooms in on the province of Formosa, in the north of Argentina, to reconstruct the history of peasant organizations (particularly the Peasant Leagues), the local impacts of neoliberalization, and the pervasiveness of patronage politics. Drawing from the life histories of two peasant women, the chapter reviews the economy and politics of the province as seen from the points of view of peasants and their organizations, introducing the rural communities analysed in the ensuing chapters. While chapters 3, 4, and 5 delve into events of contentious mobilization and processes of demobilization throughout a decade (2003–2013), this chapter serves as a broader historical canvas to situate that decade within a longer history of peasant struggles and cotton production in northern Argentina, covering the period between the 1970s (including the military government) and the 2000s.Less
Chapter 2 zooms in on the province of Formosa, in the north of Argentina, to reconstruct the history of peasant organizations (particularly the Peasant Leagues), the local impacts of neoliberalization, and the pervasiveness of patronage politics. Drawing from the life histories of two peasant women, the chapter reviews the economy and politics of the province as seen from the points of view of peasants and their organizations, introducing the rural communities analysed in the ensuing chapters. While chapters 3, 4, and 5 delve into events of contentious mobilization and processes of demobilization throughout a decade (2003–2013), this chapter serves as a broader historical canvas to situate that decade within a longer history of peasant struggles and cotton production in northern Argentina, covering the period between the 1970s (including the military government) and the 2000s.
David Goldberg
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781469633626
- eISBN:
- 9781469633633
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469633626.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
This chapter explores the small number of pioneer Black firefighters that entered the FDNY from 1898 to 1930, as well as how these men survived with dignity despite encountering heinous acts of ...
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This chapter explores the small number of pioneer Black firefighters that entered the FDNY from 1898 to 1930, as well as how these men survived with dignity despite encountering heinous acts of barbarity and racism in the FDNY.Less
This chapter explores the small number of pioneer Black firefighters that entered the FDNY from 1898 to 1930, as well as how these men survived with dignity despite encountering heinous acts of barbarity and racism in the FDNY.
Aijaz Ashraf Wani
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- April 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780199487608
- eISBN:
- 9780199097166
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199487608.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Indian Politics
What Happened to governance in Kashmir? studies the state of Jammu and Kashmir from the perspective of an ‘exceptional state’ rather than a ‘normal state’, a periphery on the margins of the centre, ...
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What Happened to governance in Kashmir? studies the state of Jammu and Kashmir from the perspective of an ‘exceptional state’ rather than a ‘normal state’, a periphery on the margins of the centre, and thus shifts the focus from the central grid to the local arena. It contains a mass of information on what successive governments did to manage the conflicted state of Jammu and Kashmir. It identifies the various issues and problems the state has been confronted with since the transfer of power to ‘popular’ government in 1948 to 1989. The book makes a critical study of the engagement of Indian state and its clientele governments and patronage democracies with political instability to create ‘order’ in ‘durable disorder’. With having examined the different political, military, legal, economic, social, and cultural strategies, instruments and tactics employed by the state at different times to suit changing environments, this is the first work on post 1947 Kashmir which brings together many capital dimensions of state, politics, and governance in Kashmir under one cover. While critically delineating the doings of the governments, the book does not only provide flesh and blood to some existing narratives, it also modifies and even refutes some of the long held assumptions on the basis of hitherto unexamined evidence. All in all, the book illuminates the reader about the policies of Indian state towards Kashmir and the extent the successive governments have succeeded in winning the emotional integration of Kashmiris with the Indian Union. As Sheikh Abdullah was a central figure of Kashmir politics and governance, the readers will find a refreshingly new light on his governance when he was in power, and a most influential agency to mould the public opinion when he was out of state power. Similar revealing information on the other governments are documented for the first time. Having studied each government in its own right, we find the governance characterized by change in continuity. Indeed, governance in Kashmir does not constitute one single development. In essence it is a diachronic assemblage, a composite result of different systems each with its own internal or imposed coherence moving at different speeds—some are stable, some move slowly, and some wear themselves out more quickly depending on various forces and factors. What Happened to Governance in Kashmir? is a telling tale on the state of governance in Kashmir; the policies and strategies adopted by Indian state and the successive patronage governments to grapple with the multifarious problems of the state. Kashmir is an ailing state. It is the victim of colonialism and partition, which subverted its geographical centrality with serious economic implications besides making it a permanent conflict state causing immense human and material loss. Besides being claimed by India, Pakistan, and Kashmiris, it is also a rainbow state very difficult to manage with various ethno-regional and sub-regional nationalities at cross-purposes. Added to this, it is a dependent state. This book situates governance in its total milieu and examines the governance in the framework of challenge and response continuum. It unfolds how in a conflict state like Kashmir democracy and governance is always guided and controlled. This is the first comprehensive book on the post 1947 governance in Kashmir.Less
What Happened to governance in Kashmir? studies the state of Jammu and Kashmir from the perspective of an ‘exceptional state’ rather than a ‘normal state’, a periphery on the margins of the centre, and thus shifts the focus from the central grid to the local arena. It contains a mass of information on what successive governments did to manage the conflicted state of Jammu and Kashmir. It identifies the various issues and problems the state has been confronted with since the transfer of power to ‘popular’ government in 1948 to 1989. The book makes a critical study of the engagement of Indian state and its clientele governments and patronage democracies with political instability to create ‘order’ in ‘durable disorder’. With having examined the different political, military, legal, economic, social, and cultural strategies, instruments and tactics employed by the state at different times to suit changing environments, this is the first work on post 1947 Kashmir which brings together many capital dimensions of state, politics, and governance in Kashmir under one cover. While critically delineating the doings of the governments, the book does not only provide flesh and blood to some existing narratives, it also modifies and even refutes some of the long held assumptions on the basis of hitherto unexamined evidence. All in all, the book illuminates the reader about the policies of Indian state towards Kashmir and the extent the successive governments have succeeded in winning the emotional integration of Kashmiris with the Indian Union. As Sheikh Abdullah was a central figure of Kashmir politics and governance, the readers will find a refreshingly new light on his governance when he was in power, and a most influential agency to mould the public opinion when he was out of state power. Similar revealing information on the other governments are documented for the first time. Having studied each government in its own right, we find the governance characterized by change in continuity. Indeed, governance in Kashmir does not constitute one single development. In essence it is a diachronic assemblage, a composite result of different systems each with its own internal or imposed coherence moving at different speeds—some are stable, some move slowly, and some wear themselves out more quickly depending on various forces and factors. What Happened to Governance in Kashmir? is a telling tale on the state of governance in Kashmir; the policies and strategies adopted by Indian state and the successive patronage governments to grapple with the multifarious problems of the state. Kashmir is an ailing state. It is the victim of colonialism and partition, which subverted its geographical centrality with serious economic implications besides making it a permanent conflict state causing immense human and material loss. Besides being claimed by India, Pakistan, and Kashmiris, it is also a rainbow state very difficult to manage with various ethno-regional and sub-regional nationalities at cross-purposes. Added to this, it is a dependent state. This book situates governance in its total milieu and examines the governance in the framework of challenge and response continuum. It unfolds how in a conflict state like Kashmir democracy and governance is always guided and controlled. This is the first comprehensive book on the post 1947 governance in Kashmir.
Hugo Gorringe
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- March 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780199468157
- eISBN:
- 9780199088829
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199468157.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change, Social Movements and Social Change
In 1999 activists warned that politics was a sewer and that any who entered into it would be tainted. In 2012, many argued that those predictions were all too prescient. The VCK was widely spoken of ...
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In 1999 activists warned that politics was a sewer and that any who entered into it would be tainted. In 2012, many argued that those predictions were all too prescient. The VCK was widely spoken of as the katta panchayat party (though little evidence was ever produced to support this) and were said to be involved in compromising on cases and in cases of corruption. This chapter details these accounts and places them within a wider analysis of political brokerage and deal-making in Tamil Nadu. It demonstrates how Tamil politics works through informal connections, networks and deals and offers an analysis of such everyday corruption.Less
In 1999 activists warned that politics was a sewer and that any who entered into it would be tainted. In 2012, many argued that those predictions were all too prescient. The VCK was widely spoken of as the katta panchayat party (though little evidence was ever produced to support this) and were said to be involved in compromising on cases and in cases of corruption. This chapter details these accounts and places them within a wider analysis of political brokerage and deal-making in Tamil Nadu. It demonstrates how Tamil politics works through informal connections, networks and deals and offers an analysis of such everyday corruption.
Pablo Lapegna
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780190215132
- eISBN:
- 9780190215170
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190215132.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
This chapter introduces the broad questions tackled by the book: What challenges do subordinate groups face when seeking to address environmental problems threatening their health and livelihoods? ...
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This chapter introduces the broad questions tackled by the book: What challenges do subordinate groups face when seeking to address environmental problems threatening their health and livelihoods? How do subordinate groups resist, but also negotiate and accommodate environmental threats and economic marginalization? The first section situates GM crops in the global context, focusing the expansion of agribusiness and the neoliberal globalization of the 1990s. The second section presents concepts of space and scale to discuss the global reach and localized manifestations of GM crops and their socioenvironmental impacts. The third section discusses the literature on social movements, processes of demobilization, and patronage politics. The fourth section explains why a global ethnography approach is best suited to analyze the social processes addressed by the book and complement the insights of the literature on food regimes.Less
This chapter introduces the broad questions tackled by the book: What challenges do subordinate groups face when seeking to address environmental problems threatening their health and livelihoods? How do subordinate groups resist, but also negotiate and accommodate environmental threats and economic marginalization? The first section situates GM crops in the global context, focusing the expansion of agribusiness and the neoliberal globalization of the 1990s. The second section presents concepts of space and scale to discuss the global reach and localized manifestations of GM crops and their socioenvironmental impacts. The third section discusses the literature on social movements, processes of demobilization, and patronage politics. The fourth section explains why a global ethnography approach is best suited to analyze the social processes addressed by the book and complement the insights of the literature on food regimes.
Mario Diani and Caelum Moffatt
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780190203573
- eISBN:
- 9780190203597
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190203573.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change, Comparative and Historical Sociology
This chapter introduces an analytic framework for the exploration of collective action in the contemporary Middle East. It proposes in particular a typology of modes of coordination of collective ...
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This chapter introduces an analytic framework for the exploration of collective action in the contemporary Middle East. It proposes in particular a typology of modes of coordination of collective action that differentiates between organizational, coalitional, communitarian, and social movement modes based on different social network patterns. It suggests the Middle East sees a predominance of communitarian or organizational modes rather than pure “social movement” patterns. The reasons for this may be found in three elements at the core of the political process approach to social movements: the salience of multiple cleavages, the levels of repression, and the role of local elites. These basic properties of collective action seem to characterize both the long authoritarian phase that preceded 2011 and the most recent developments.Less
This chapter introduces an analytic framework for the exploration of collective action in the contemporary Middle East. It proposes in particular a typology of modes of coordination of collective action that differentiates between organizational, coalitional, communitarian, and social movement modes based on different social network patterns. It suggests the Middle East sees a predominance of communitarian or organizational modes rather than pure “social movement” patterns. The reasons for this may be found in three elements at the core of the political process approach to social movements: the salience of multiple cleavages, the levels of repression, and the role of local elites. These basic properties of collective action seem to characterize both the long authoritarian phase that preceded 2011 and the most recent developments.