Mary Briody Mahowald
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195176179
- eISBN:
- 9780199786558
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195176170.003.0004
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Feminist Philosophy
Cases illustrating variables relevant to women’s decisions about preconception counseling, preimplantation diagnosis, prenatal testing, misattributed paternity, and sex selection are presented. For ...
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Cases illustrating variables relevant to women’s decisions about preconception counseling, preimplantation diagnosis, prenatal testing, misattributed paternity, and sex selection are presented. For each topic, empirical and theoretical factors are discussed from an “egalitarian perspective” that imputes privileged status to the standpoint of those who are “nondominant”, i.e., those whose input tends to be neglected. Implications of different positions about moral status of fetuses are also considered.Less
Cases illustrating variables relevant to women’s decisions about preconception counseling, preimplantation diagnosis, prenatal testing, misattributed paternity, and sex selection are presented. For each topic, empirical and theoretical factors are discussed from an “egalitarian perspective” that imputes privileged status to the standpoint of those who are “nondominant”, i.e., those whose input tends to be neglected. Implications of different positions about moral status of fetuses are also considered.
Adele Reinhartz
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195146967
- eISBN:
- 9780199785469
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195146967.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This chapter looks at the ways in which the Gospels, on the one hand, and the movies on the other, handle the embarrassment of Mary's pregnancy out of wedlock. Whereas Joseph has only a minor role in ...
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This chapter looks at the ways in which the Gospels, on the one hand, and the movies on the other, handle the embarrassment of Mary's pregnancy out of wedlock. Whereas Joseph has only a minor role in the Gospels and in most Jesus biopics, some films explore the relationship between Joseph and Jesus in great detail, and attribute to Joseph a formative role in Jesus' development into adulthood and into a mature understanding of his own mission.Less
This chapter looks at the ways in which the Gospels, on the one hand, and the movies on the other, handle the embarrassment of Mary's pregnancy out of wedlock. Whereas Joseph has only a minor role in the Gospels and in most Jesus biopics, some films explore the relationship between Joseph and Jesus in great detail, and attribute to Joseph a formative role in Jesus' development into adulthood and into a mature understanding of his own mission.
Patricia Crawford
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199204809
- eISBN:
- 9780191709517
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199204809.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, Social History
This chapter reveals the diversity of men's responses to illicit paternity, and their general unwillingness to undertake even the basic duty of maintenance. When men were accused of fathering a ...
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This chapter reveals the diversity of men's responses to illicit paternity, and their general unwillingness to undertake even the basic duty of maintenance. When men were accused of fathering a bastard, a common response was denial. Very few voluntarily accepted even the minimal duty of maintenance. Instead, they sought to evade responsibility and expense; their own social and economic standing and honour were more important than the claims of any children. Men voiced their denials in terms of contemporary cultural stereotypes: paternity was uncertain because women who were sexually active outside marriage were whores; their words were untrustworthy.Less
This chapter reveals the diversity of men's responses to illicit paternity, and their general unwillingness to undertake even the basic duty of maintenance. When men were accused of fathering a bastard, a common response was denial. Very few voluntarily accepted even the minimal duty of maintenance. Instead, they sought to evade responsibility and expense; their own social and economic standing and honour were more important than the claims of any children. Men voiced their denials in terms of contemporary cultural stereotypes: paternity was uncertain because women who were sexually active outside marriage were whores; their words were untrustworthy.
Aaron T. Goetz
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195320510
- eISBN:
- 9780199786800
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195320510.003.0012
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
To some, it may seem paradoxical that members of a family are often violent and abusive toward one another. For example, why would an individual harm another in whom they have a vested interest, whom ...
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To some, it may seem paradoxical that members of a family are often violent and abusive toward one another. For example, why would an individual harm another in whom they have a vested interest, whom they love? One answer that might be offered is that violence and abuse occurs only in families that lack intimacy, love, and care. This answer, however, is wrong. Violence and abuse can occur in even the most loving families and between the most satisfied couples. This chapter discusses why violence and abuse occurs in families, particularly between intimate partners, focusing on the root of most partner violence: paternity uncertainty. It also focuses on physical and sexual intimate partner violence.Less
To some, it may seem paradoxical that members of a family are often violent and abusive toward one another. For example, why would an individual harm another in whom they have a vested interest, whom they love? One answer that might be offered is that violence and abuse occurs only in families that lack intimacy, love, and care. This answer, however, is wrong. Violence and abuse can occur in even the most loving families and between the most satisfied couples. This chapter discusses why violence and abuse occurs in families, particularly between intimate partners, focusing on the root of most partner violence: paternity uncertainty. It also focuses on physical and sexual intimate partner violence.
Pat Willmer
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691128610
- eISBN:
- 9781400838943
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691128610.003.0022
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
This chapter examines competition in the context of pollination ecology. Competition is typically treated from the perspective of the plants, but it is also likely to occur among and between the ...
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This chapter examines competition in the context of pollination ecology. Competition is typically treated from the perspective of the plants, but it is also likely to occur among and between the pollinators. Furthermore, competition can occur at various levels—as a structuring factor in communities, as a selective force on an individual plant’s phenology, morphology, or rewards, and at a genetic level structuring competition for pollens between males, and female choice between possible mates. The chapter first considers several types of of competition in pollination ecology, potential outcomes of competition, and competition between pollinators before discussing how selection reduces intraspecific competition among plants and competition among pollinators. It also explores paternity, maternity, and gene flow in coflowering communities, focusing in particular on male competition and female choice, along with gene flow via pollen dispersal and seed dispersal.Less
This chapter examines competition in the context of pollination ecology. Competition is typically treated from the perspective of the plants, but it is also likely to occur among and between the pollinators. Furthermore, competition can occur at various levels—as a structuring factor in communities, as a selective force on an individual plant’s phenology, morphology, or rewards, and at a genetic level structuring competition for pollens between males, and female choice between possible mates. The chapter first considers several types of of competition in pollination ecology, potential outcomes of competition, and competition between pollinators before discussing how selection reduces intraspecific competition among plants and competition among pollinators. It also explores paternity, maternity, and gene flow in coflowering communities, focusing in particular on male competition and female choice, along with gene flow via pollen dispersal and seed dispersal.
Joseph Neigel and Brian Mahon
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195179927
- eISBN:
- 9780199790111
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195179927.003.0003
- Subject:
- Biology, Aquatic Biology
Molecular markers provide powerful means to analyze relationships of descent both among individuals and among taxa. Microsatellite loci have become the standard for studies of paternity and kinship ...
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Molecular markers provide powerful means to analyze relationships of descent both among individuals and among taxa. Microsatellite loci have become the standard for studies of paternity and kinship (allowing analysis of mating systems) because they are highly polymorphic and codominant. Phylogenetic comparative methods are intended to separate instances of convergent or parallel evolution from shared evolutionary history by analyzing the phylogenetic distributions of traits. They have been criticized for the assumptions they make about how traits evolve, although not all of these methods make the same assumptions. Most assume that an accurate phylogeny is known. However, crustacean phylogenies have mostly been based on small numbers of sequences that do not have the most desirable properties for phylogenetic inference. This situation is likely to be remedied by the ongoing development of PCR primers that amplify additional independently segregating nuclear loci.Less
Molecular markers provide powerful means to analyze relationships of descent both among individuals and among taxa. Microsatellite loci have become the standard for studies of paternity and kinship (allowing analysis of mating systems) because they are highly polymorphic and codominant. Phylogenetic comparative methods are intended to separate instances of convergent or parallel evolution from shared evolutionary history by analyzing the phylogenetic distributions of traits. They have been criticized for the assumptions they make about how traits evolve, although not all of these methods make the same assumptions. Most assume that an accurate phylogeny is known. However, crustacean phylogenies have mostly been based on small numbers of sequences that do not have the most desirable properties for phylogenetic inference. This situation is likely to be remedied by the ongoing development of PCR primers that amplify additional independently segregating nuclear loci.
Ronald E. Heine
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199245512
- eISBN:
- 9780191600630
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199245517.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
Contains a translation of the second book of Jerome's Latin commentary on Ephesians along with a translation of all the parallel passages from Origen's commentary on Ephesians. The book has a brief ...
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Contains a translation of the second book of Jerome's Latin commentary on Ephesians along with a translation of all the parallel passages from Origen's commentary on Ephesians. The book has a brief prologue where Jerome describes the haste with which he is working, followed by a commentary on Ephesians 3: 1–4: 30. Origen makes numerous remarks about the peculiarities of Paul's grammar. Major subjects discussed in the commentary in this section of the epistle include the mystery of God's plan to save the Gentiles, the unity of revelation in the two testaments, the final restoration of all things, and the meaning of Paul's statement about ‘all paternity’ in heaven and Earth being named from God, and his references to maintaining ‘unity in the Spirit’ and attaining ‘unity of the faith’.Less
Contains a translation of the second book of Jerome's Latin commentary on Ephesians along with a translation of all the parallel passages from Origen's commentary on Ephesians. The book has a brief prologue where Jerome describes the haste with which he is working, followed by a commentary on Ephesians 3: 1–4: 30. Origen makes numerous remarks about the peculiarities of Paul's grammar. Major subjects discussed in the commentary in this section of the epistle include the mystery of God's plan to save the Gentiles, the unity of revelation in the two testaments, the final restoration of all things, and the meaning of Paul's statement about ‘all paternity’ in heaven and Earth being named from God, and his references to maintaining ‘unity in the Spirit’ and attaining ‘unity of the faith’.
Matthew Gerber
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199755370
- eISBN:
- 9780199932603
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199755370.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History, Family History
Even as French jurists increasingly grounded the exclusion of extramarital offspring from the family on social interest rather than supposed personal defect, the definition of social interest was ...
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Even as French jurists increasingly grounded the exclusion of extramarital offspring from the family on social interest rather than supposed personal defect, the definition of social interest was beginning to change. In 1640, Vincent de Paul and Louise de Marillac established the Paris foundling hospice, the Hôpital des Enfans-Trouvés, and thirty years later, in 1670, the institution was granted a royal charter. The incidence of child abandonment subsequently increased at an alarming rate, from roughly 400 per year in 1670 to over 7,000 per year by 1770. This increase was not only caused by growing poverty and increased rates of illegitimacy, it also resulted from the circumscription of rights traditionally enjoyed by unwed mothers as the state assumed appellate jurisdiction over marriage. As natural fathers like Jean-Jacques Rousseau increasingly abandoned their children, the administrators of the overstrained Enfans-Trouvés turned increasingly to the monarchy for financial and administrative support, effectively contributing to the eighteenth-century secularization of French poor relief.Less
Even as French jurists increasingly grounded the exclusion of extramarital offspring from the family on social interest rather than supposed personal defect, the definition of social interest was beginning to change. In 1640, Vincent de Paul and Louise de Marillac established the Paris foundling hospice, the Hôpital des Enfans-Trouvés, and thirty years later, in 1670, the institution was granted a royal charter. The incidence of child abandonment subsequently increased at an alarming rate, from roughly 400 per year in 1670 to over 7,000 per year by 1770. This increase was not only caused by growing poverty and increased rates of illegitimacy, it also resulted from the circumscription of rights traditionally enjoyed by unwed mothers as the state assumed appellate jurisdiction over marriage. As natural fathers like Jean-Jacques Rousseau increasingly abandoned their children, the administrators of the overstrained Enfans-Trouvés turned increasingly to the monarchy for financial and administrative support, effectively contributing to the eighteenth-century secularization of French poor relief.
Ory Amitay
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520266360
- eISBN:
- 9780520948174
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520266360.003.0010
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical
This book has shown how Alexander the Great framed his life after the venerable precedents of Greek Myth, which were often, at the same time, his family traditions. Emulating Dionysus, Perseus, ...
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This book has shown how Alexander the Great framed his life after the venerable precedents of Greek Myth, which were often, at the same time, his family traditions. Emulating Dionysus, Perseus, Achilles and, not least, Herakles, Alexander lived his life as a character of myth. In hindsight, the mythologization of Alexander, by himself and by others, appears a natural response to changing circumstances, rather than the result of a well-executed master plan. Alexander may perhaps have suborned the priests of Siwah to acknowledge his status as the Divine Son, but he cannot have planned in advance such circumstances as the discovery of Prometheus's cave, the strange yet familiar legends told at Aornos, or his special reception as the third Son of Zeus by the Indian kings. Through his myth, Alexander also provided Christianity with a theological framework, including Divine Sonship, dual paternity, and deification, which helped to strike a delicate balance between the polytheistic and monotheistic worlds. But the inherent difficulties posed by the Jesus Christ myth to any true-hearted monotheist are obvious.Less
This book has shown how Alexander the Great framed his life after the venerable precedents of Greek Myth, which were often, at the same time, his family traditions. Emulating Dionysus, Perseus, Achilles and, not least, Herakles, Alexander lived his life as a character of myth. In hindsight, the mythologization of Alexander, by himself and by others, appears a natural response to changing circumstances, rather than the result of a well-executed master plan. Alexander may perhaps have suborned the priests of Siwah to acknowledge his status as the Divine Son, but he cannot have planned in advance such circumstances as the discovery of Prometheus's cave, the strange yet familiar legends told at Aornos, or his special reception as the third Son of Zeus by the Indian kings. Through his myth, Alexander also provided Christianity with a theological framework, including Divine Sonship, dual paternity, and deification, which helped to strike a delicate balance between the polytheistic and monotheistic worlds. But the inherent difficulties posed by the Jesus Christ myth to any true-hearted monotheist are obvious.
Jane Spencer
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199262960
- eISBN:
- 9780191718731
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199262960.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This chapter shows how ideas of literary patrilineage were affected by the hierarchized and gendered divide between spirit and matter: with spirit associated with masculinity and paternity and matter ...
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This chapter shows how ideas of literary patrilineage were affected by the hierarchized and gendered divide between spirit and matter: with spirit associated with masculinity and paternity and matter with femininity and maternity. Through a case study of Dryden and his relation to three filial figures: his son John; his chosen poetic heir, William Congreve; and his later literary son, Alexander Pope, it demonstrates the importance of a disembodied and metaphorical father-son relationship to the creation of poetic lineage, and indicates the problematic nature of the relationship between paternal mentoring and literary inheritance. The chapter further argues that the exclusivity of the father-son relationship as a model for literary inheritance was challenged by the advent of women writers claiming metaphorical daughterhood to literary fathers. This phenomenon is examined through a case study of Samuel Johnson's mentoring of Frances Burney and the father-daughter relationship established between them.Less
This chapter shows how ideas of literary patrilineage were affected by the hierarchized and gendered divide between spirit and matter: with spirit associated with masculinity and paternity and matter with femininity and maternity. Through a case study of Dryden and his relation to three filial figures: his son John; his chosen poetic heir, William Congreve; and his later literary son, Alexander Pope, it demonstrates the importance of a disembodied and metaphorical father-son relationship to the creation of poetic lineage, and indicates the problematic nature of the relationship between paternal mentoring and literary inheritance. The chapter further argues that the exclusivity of the father-son relationship as a model for literary inheritance was challenged by the advent of women writers claiming metaphorical daughterhood to literary fathers. This phenomenon is examined through a case study of Samuel Johnson's mentoring of Frances Burney and the father-daughter relationship established between them.
Tom Lockwood
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199280780
- eISBN:
- 9780191712890
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199280780.003.0008
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century Literature and Romanticism
This chapter explores a related economy to that discussed in the previous chapter. In this case, not that of the relationships between bullion and paper money, but between the discourses of praise ...
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This chapter explores a related economy to that discussed in the previous chapter. In this case, not that of the relationships between bullion and paper money, but between the discourses of praise and dispraise, the great subjects of Jonson's Epigrams and other writings. This discourse is brought to bear for Coleridge by the figure of Robert Southey, his brother-in-law, and also the Poet Laureate. By arguing that Southey in his laureate writings was more influenced by Jonson's personal and poetic example than has been previously realised (and was, in turn, measured against them by those who thought him a marked falling off from such standards), the chapter argues that Southey forced Coleridge to think, again through the example of Jonson's writing, about the relationships of praise and dispraise, patronage and independence in his own writing life and in Southey's. Central to this debate for Coleridge is Jonson's play, Catiline. The chapter then returns to take up again the model of the poet as heir in its discussion of Hartley Coleridge, Coleridge's eldest child, who, the chapter suggests, came keenly to understand his own relationship with his father through Jonson's poems of paternity. This chapter tries to suggest that contrary to T. S. Eliot's claim — that for too long Jonson had failed to provide a ‘creative stimulus’ to later writers, none of whom since Dryden had offered a ‘living criticism of Jonson's works’ — we can see here writers whose work has been given life by, and has returned it to, Jonson's.Less
This chapter explores a related economy to that discussed in the previous chapter. In this case, not that of the relationships between bullion and paper money, but between the discourses of praise and dispraise, the great subjects of Jonson's Epigrams and other writings. This discourse is brought to bear for Coleridge by the figure of Robert Southey, his brother-in-law, and also the Poet Laureate. By arguing that Southey in his laureate writings was more influenced by Jonson's personal and poetic example than has been previously realised (and was, in turn, measured against them by those who thought him a marked falling off from such standards), the chapter argues that Southey forced Coleridge to think, again through the example of Jonson's writing, about the relationships of praise and dispraise, patronage and independence in his own writing life and in Southey's. Central to this debate for Coleridge is Jonson's play, Catiline. The chapter then returns to take up again the model of the poet as heir in its discussion of Hartley Coleridge, Coleridge's eldest child, who, the chapter suggests, came keenly to understand his own relationship with his father through Jonson's poems of paternity. This chapter tries to suggest that contrary to T. S. Eliot's claim — that for too long Jonson had failed to provide a ‘creative stimulus’ to later writers, none of whom since Dryden had offered a ‘living criticism of Jonson's works’ — we can see here writers whose work has been given life by, and has returned it to, Jonson's.
Chris Stamatakis
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199644407
- eISBN:
- 9780191738821
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199644407.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature, Poetry
This chapter charts acts of performative rewriting in Wyatt’s epistolary texts—his two letters to his son, diplomatic correspondence, and three verse epistles. In different ways, these letters all ...
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This chapter charts acts of performative rewriting in Wyatt’s epistolary texts—his two letters to his son, diplomatic correspondence, and three verse epistles. In different ways, these letters all call upon a rhetoric of rewriting: their readers and addressees are urged towards rescriptive action. In his paternal letters, Wyatt invokes the culture of imitation advocated in humanist pedagogy to instruct his son to model himself on exemplary copy-texts: manual copying shades into ethical rewriting. As a diplomatic ‘orator’ on embassies in Europe, Wyatt composed letters to the home court which not only recount previous texts and conversations, but also prompt his readers to rescriptive performance: inert words are transformed into material deeds. Wyatt’s three verse epistles, which critics often reduce to satires, rewrite their sources so as to invite their own rewriting by his readers. Such turning of the epistolary coin reaffirms the textual friendship between writer and reader.Less
This chapter charts acts of performative rewriting in Wyatt’s epistolary texts—his two letters to his son, diplomatic correspondence, and three verse epistles. In different ways, these letters all call upon a rhetoric of rewriting: their readers and addressees are urged towards rescriptive action. In his paternal letters, Wyatt invokes the culture of imitation advocated in humanist pedagogy to instruct his son to model himself on exemplary copy-texts: manual copying shades into ethical rewriting. As a diplomatic ‘orator’ on embassies in Europe, Wyatt composed letters to the home court which not only recount previous texts and conversations, but also prompt his readers to rescriptive performance: inert words are transformed into material deeds. Wyatt’s three verse epistles, which critics often reduce to satires, rewrite their sources so as to invite their own rewriting by his readers. Such turning of the epistolary coin reaffirms the textual friendship between writer and reader.
Robin Feldman
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195368581
- eISBN:
- 9780199867455
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195368581.003.0008
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
Despite the many times that the law has stumbled in its interactions with science, there are examples where the law has gotten it right. This chapter describes some of these examples, using them to ...
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Despite the many times that the law has stumbled in its interactions with science, there are examples where the law has gotten it right. This chapter describes some of these examples, using them to help craft a more effective role for science in law. In particular, the chapter looks at examples from laws related to the civil commitment of children and to paternity. It also suggests four approaches to help avoid the repeated pattern of failure: operating within law's parameters, using science for testing and transformation, protecting the structure of the dialogue, and embracing imperfection. In particular, this chapter describes how current problems in the Federal Circuit were structurally predictable, argues against specialized tribunals, and recommends the implementation of Plain Language Patents. This chapter also applies the logic suggested to the problem of pay-for-delay settlements between pharmaceutical companies and generic drug companies under the Hatch-Waxman Act.Less
Despite the many times that the law has stumbled in its interactions with science, there are examples where the law has gotten it right. This chapter describes some of these examples, using them to help craft a more effective role for science in law. In particular, the chapter looks at examples from laws related to the civil commitment of children and to paternity. It also suggests four approaches to help avoid the repeated pattern of failure: operating within law's parameters, using science for testing and transformation, protecting the structure of the dialogue, and embracing imperfection. In particular, this chapter describes how current problems in the Federal Circuit were structurally predictable, argues against specialized tribunals, and recommends the implementation of Plain Language Patents. This chapter also applies the logic suggested to the problem of pay-for-delay settlements between pharmaceutical companies and generic drug companies under the Hatch-Waxman Act.
OWEN WHITE
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198208198
- eISBN:
- 9780191677946
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208198.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter deals with the question of the legal status of mÉtis. It analyses the different debates which evaluate the wisdom of allowing mÉtis to seek confirmation of their ‘Frenchness’ through ...
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This chapter deals with the question of the legal status of mÉtis. It analyses the different debates which evaluate the wisdom of allowing mÉtis to seek confirmation of their ‘Frenchness’ through paternity suits or by facilitating their accession to French citizenship.Less
This chapter deals with the question of the legal status of mÉtis. It analyses the different debates which evaluate the wisdom of allowing mÉtis to seek confirmation of their ‘Frenchness’ through paternity suits or by facilitating their accession to French citizenship.
John Eekelaar
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199535422
- eISBN:
- 9780191707384
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199535422.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Family Law
Starting from the observation that the law constructs a reality which may not correspond to ‘physical’ truth, this chapter starts by considering the way kin relationships have been designed to ...
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Starting from the observation that the law constructs a reality which may not correspond to ‘physical’ truth, this chapter starts by considering the way kin relationships have been designed to project a social order from one generation to successor generations. Legal concepts of legitimacy, illegitimacy, and the circumstances in which paternity is recognized subordinate recognizing biological reality to upholding a social order. But, while arguing that children's right to know their identity generally demands that their biological origins should be known, the chapter maintains that parents do not have an equivalent right to develop a relationship with a child for no other reason than that they are the child's parent, even though the parent may have a duty to support the child. The argument is developed in the context of the rights to family and private life in the European Convention on Human Rights.Less
Starting from the observation that the law constructs a reality which may not correspond to ‘physical’ truth, this chapter starts by considering the way kin relationships have been designed to project a social order from one generation to successor generations. Legal concepts of legitimacy, illegitimacy, and the circumstances in which paternity is recognized subordinate recognizing biological reality to upholding a social order. But, while arguing that children's right to know their identity generally demands that their biological origins should be known, the chapter maintains that parents do not have an equivalent right to develop a relationship with a child for no other reason than that they are the child's parent, even though the parent may have a duty to support the child. The argument is developed in the context of the rights to family and private life in the European Convention on Human Rights.
Julie Hardwick
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780190945183
- eISBN:
- 9780190945213
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190945183.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History, Family History
Pregnancy, an inevitable hazard of the multi-step process into marriage that included intercourse before the wedding, was an important point of negotiation and often contention between couples and ...
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Pregnancy, an inevitable hazard of the multi-step process into marriage that included intercourse before the wedding, was an important point of negotiation and often contention between couples and with community members. Women’s fertility sparked a series of discussions about the timing of the next step, but family and community could channel young couples toward marriage if they perceived matrimony was desirable but becoming unlikely - or prevent it. Through all of these negotiations and across generations and communities as well as between intimate partners, roiling emotions were integral to the transition into marriage or the decisions not to marry. A wide variety of community members acted as safeguarders who sought to ensure progression toward marriage before and after the birth of babies. Young women could go to court to make paternity claims against the alleged fathers, and courts, like communities, consistently expected young men to take responsibility.Less
Pregnancy, an inevitable hazard of the multi-step process into marriage that included intercourse before the wedding, was an important point of negotiation and often contention between couples and with community members. Women’s fertility sparked a series of discussions about the timing of the next step, but family and community could channel young couples toward marriage if they perceived matrimony was desirable but becoming unlikely - or prevent it. Through all of these negotiations and across generations and communities as well as between intimate partners, roiling emotions were integral to the transition into marriage or the decisions not to marry. A wide variety of community members acted as safeguarders who sought to ensure progression toward marriage before and after the birth of babies. Young women could go to court to make paternity claims against the alleged fathers, and courts, like communities, consistently expected young men to take responsibility.
Barbara Bennett Woodhouse
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780814794845
- eISBN:
- 9780814784655
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814794845.003.0006
- Subject:
- Law, Comparative Law
Chapter six explores the relationship between declining birth rates and family supportive policies. Research on the social construction of parenthood shows that Italians continue to desire children ...
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Chapter six explores the relationship between declining birth rates and family supportive policies. Research on the social construction of parenthood shows that Italians continue to desire children and see parenthood as an important and fulfilling role. Disincentives to childbearing include economic insecurity, escalating costs of childrearing, and insufficient funding of family supportive policies. Rather than avoiding parental responsibility, fathers are increasingly involved in childrearing and grandparents and extended family provide significant caregiving support. The author’s field observations in the village of Scanno confirm the positive involvement of fathers, extended family, and the community in childrearing. The principle of duty on the part of government to protect and support families is embedded in the Italian Constitution, so there is broad support for policies such as universal healthcare, paid parenting leave, subsidized day care and early childhood education, and cash subsidies for families raising children. In the United States, traditions favouring individualism and assigning responsibility for childrearing to the private family have blocked the development of universal, family-supportive policies. Despite its wealth, the U.S. lags far behind peer nations in providing public support during early childhood, exacerbating inequalities between rich and poor children.Less
Chapter six explores the relationship between declining birth rates and family supportive policies. Research on the social construction of parenthood shows that Italians continue to desire children and see parenthood as an important and fulfilling role. Disincentives to childbearing include economic insecurity, escalating costs of childrearing, and insufficient funding of family supportive policies. Rather than avoiding parental responsibility, fathers are increasingly involved in childrearing and grandparents and extended family provide significant caregiving support. The author’s field observations in the village of Scanno confirm the positive involvement of fathers, extended family, and the community in childrearing. The principle of duty on the part of government to protect and support families is embedded in the Italian Constitution, so there is broad support for policies such as universal healthcare, paid parenting leave, subsidized day care and early childhood education, and cash subsidies for families raising children. In the United States, traditions favouring individualism and assigning responsibility for childrearing to the private family have blocked the development of universal, family-supportive policies. Despite its wealth, the U.S. lags far behind peer nations in providing public support during early childhood, exacerbating inequalities between rich and poor children.
Browne C. Lewis
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814738481
- eISBN:
- 9780814753279
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814738481.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Family Law
When a child is conceived from sexual intercourse between a married, heterosexual couple, the child has a legal father and mother. Whatever may happen thereafter, the child's parents are legally ...
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When a child is conceived from sexual intercourse between a married, heterosexual couple, the child has a legal father and mother. Whatever may happen thereafter, the child's parents are legally bound to provide for their child, and if they don't, they'-re held accountable by law. But what about children created by artificial insemination? When it comes to paternity, the law is full of gray areas, resulting in many cases where children have no legal fathers. This book argues that the courts should take steps to ensure that all children have at least two legal parents. Additionally, state legislatures should recognize that more than one class of fathers may exist and allocate paternal responsibility based, again, upon the best interest of the child. The book includes concrete methods for dealing with different types of cases, including anonymous and non-anonymous sperm donors, married and unmarried women, and lesbian couples. In so doing, it first establishes different types of paternity, and then draws on these to create an expanded definition of paternity.Less
When a child is conceived from sexual intercourse between a married, heterosexual couple, the child has a legal father and mother. Whatever may happen thereafter, the child's parents are legally bound to provide for their child, and if they don't, they'-re held accountable by law. But what about children created by artificial insemination? When it comes to paternity, the law is full of gray areas, resulting in many cases where children have no legal fathers. This book argues that the courts should take steps to ensure that all children have at least two legal parents. Additionally, state legislatures should recognize that more than one class of fathers may exist and allocate paternal responsibility based, again, upon the best interest of the child. The book includes concrete methods for dealing with different types of cases, including anonymous and non-anonymous sperm donors, married and unmarried women, and lesbian couples. In so doing, it first establishes different types of paternity, and then draws on these to create an expanded definition of paternity.
Richard Terry
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198186236
- eISBN:
- 9780191718557
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198186236.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, 18th-century Literature
This chapter discusses two related conceits that express how literature is passed down between generations. In the first, tradition is viewed as a process of filiation: a great writer of an earlier ...
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This chapter discusses two related conceits that express how literature is passed down between generations. In the first, tradition is viewed as a process of filiation: a great writer of an earlier time stands to one of a later era as a father to his son, and a great work of a previous age can be seen as a sort of familial heirloom passed down from one generation to the next. In the second, the later writer is linked to the former not through figurative parentage, but through the Pythagorean transmigration of souls. Specifically as regards English literature, an influential metaphor has long been one in which the unfolding of tradition is figured as a paternal-filial nexus: the earlier writer uses his influence, as it were, to sire the later one. The conceit of literary paternity has become a standard way of imagining the relations of influence and emulation obtaining between writers in the literary tradition. The popularity of the parental metaphor may still owe much to the particular use made of it by one writer alone: John Dryden.Less
This chapter discusses two related conceits that express how literature is passed down between generations. In the first, tradition is viewed as a process of filiation: a great writer of an earlier time stands to one of a later era as a father to his son, and a great work of a previous age can be seen as a sort of familial heirloom passed down from one generation to the next. In the second, the later writer is linked to the former not through figurative parentage, but through the Pythagorean transmigration of souls. Specifically as regards English literature, an influential metaphor has long been one in which the unfolding of tradition is figured as a paternal-filial nexus: the earlier writer uses his influence, as it were, to sire the later one. The conceit of literary paternity has become a standard way of imagining the relations of influence and emulation obtaining between writers in the literary tradition. The popularity of the parental metaphor may still owe much to the particular use made of it by one writer alone: John Dryden.
Scarlett Baron
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199693788
- eISBN:
- 9780191732157
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199693788.003.0007
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism, European Literature
Chapter 6 is divided into two main sections. The first examines Finnegans Wake notebook VI.B.8, in which Joyce made three Flaubert-related jottings. It relates these momentous notes to Joyce’s ...
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Chapter 6 is divided into two main sections. The first examines Finnegans Wake notebook VI.B.8, in which Joyce made three Flaubert-related jottings. It relates these momentous notes to Joyce’s travels through Normandy (home to Flaubert as well as Emma Bovary, Bouvard and Pécuchet) in the summer of 1925 and suggests that both the journey and the jottings reflect Joyce’s preoccupation with Flaubert and with issues of intertextuality during the early stages of his work on Finnegans Wake. The second section considers allusions to Flaubert in the Wake: these are read as knowing indications of a connection between the radical intertextuality deployed by Joyce in his final work and the precedent of Flaubert’s Bouvard et Pécuchet.Less
Chapter 6 is divided into two main sections. The first examines Finnegans Wake notebook VI.B.8, in which Joyce made three Flaubert-related jottings. It relates these momentous notes to Joyce’s travels through Normandy (home to Flaubert as well as Emma Bovary, Bouvard and Pécuchet) in the summer of 1925 and suggests that both the journey and the jottings reflect Joyce’s preoccupation with Flaubert and with issues of intertextuality during the early stages of his work on Finnegans Wake. The second section considers allusions to Flaubert in the Wake: these are read as knowing indications of a connection between the radical intertextuality deployed by Joyce in his final work and the precedent of Flaubert’s Bouvard et Pécuchet.
