Patricia Crawford
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199204809
- eISBN:
- 9780191709517
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199204809.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, Social History
The formulation and implementation of Poor Laws from the late Elizabethan period brought public fatherhood into poor families. ‘Civic fathers’ are men who undertook public roles as fathers of poor ...
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The formulation and implementation of Poor Laws from the late Elizabethan period brought public fatherhood into poor families. ‘Civic fathers’ are men who undertook public roles as fathers of poor children, substituting adequate fathers for inadequate or absent ones. This chapter examines the rhetoric and practices of civic fathers, who, in exercising their paternal authority and granting or withholding relief, reduced all the poor including adults to the state of childhood. Furthermore, the authority of these public fathers was applied not only to the poor in England, but to the indigenous inhabitants of Britain's empire.Less
The formulation and implementation of Poor Laws from the late Elizabethan period brought public fatherhood into poor families. ‘Civic fathers’ are men who undertook public roles as fathers of poor children, substituting adequate fathers for inadequate or absent ones. This chapter examines the rhetoric and practices of civic fathers, who, in exercising their paternal authority and granting or withholding relief, reduced all the poor including adults to the state of childhood. Furthermore, the authority of these public fathers was applied not only to the poor in England, but to the indigenous inhabitants of Britain's empire.
Jessica Gildersleeve
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- February 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781911325482
- eISBN:
- 9781800342323
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781911325482.001.0001
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
Nicolas Roeg's Don't Look Now (1973) has been called “a ghost story for adults.” Certainly, in contrast to the more explicitly violent and bloodthirsty horror films of the 1970s, Don't Look Now seems ...
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Nicolas Roeg's Don't Look Now (1973) has been called “a ghost story for adults.” Certainly, in contrast to the more explicitly violent and bloodthirsty horror films of the 1970s, Don't Look Now seems of an entirely different order. Yet this supernaturally inflected tale of a child's accidental drowning, and her parents' desperate simultaneous recoil from her death and pursuit of her ghost, Don't Look Now is horrific at every turn. This book argues for it as a particular kind of horror film, one which depends utterly on the narrative of trauma—on the horror of unknowing, of seeing too late, and of the failures of paternal authority and responsibility. The book positions Don't Look Now within a discourse of midcentury anxiety narratives primarily existing in literary texts. In this context, it represents a crossover or a hinge between literature and film of the 1970s, and the ways in which the women's ghost story or uncanny story turns the horror film into a cultural commentary on the failures of the modern family.Less
Nicolas Roeg's Don't Look Now (1973) has been called “a ghost story for adults.” Certainly, in contrast to the more explicitly violent and bloodthirsty horror films of the 1970s, Don't Look Now seems of an entirely different order. Yet this supernaturally inflected tale of a child's accidental drowning, and her parents' desperate simultaneous recoil from her death and pursuit of her ghost, Don't Look Now is horrific at every turn. This book argues for it as a particular kind of horror film, one which depends utterly on the narrative of trauma—on the horror of unknowing, of seeing too late, and of the failures of paternal authority and responsibility. The book positions Don't Look Now within a discourse of midcentury anxiety narratives primarily existing in literary texts. In this context, it represents a crossover or a hinge between literature and film of the 1970s, and the ways in which the women's ghost story or uncanny story turns the horror film into a cultural commentary on the failures of the modern family.
Isabel Moreira
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199736041
- eISBN:
- 9780199894628
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199736041.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
This chapter examines the role of punishment in correction as discussed by early Christian authors and the Roman elite as a way of understanding how punishment became associated with both hell and ...
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This chapter examines the role of punishment in correction as discussed by early Christian authors and the Roman elite as a way of understanding how punishment became associated with both hell and purgatory. It examines metaphors of paternal power and slavery. It suggests that the idea that the elect, too, must suffer violence in the afterlife arose from discussions about original sin at a time when the Roman elite were increasingly anxious about the erosion of legal immunities that had traditionally protected them from judicial torture. It highlights the ongoing importance of the metaphor of slavery to the way corporeal punishment was described in the afterlife, particularly in the Vision of Paul, and it considers notions of retributive justice and the fear of hell.Less
This chapter examines the role of punishment in correction as discussed by early Christian authors and the Roman elite as a way of understanding how punishment became associated with both hell and purgatory. It examines metaphors of paternal power and slavery. It suggests that the idea that the elect, too, must suffer violence in the afterlife arose from discussions about original sin at a time when the Roman elite were increasingly anxious about the erosion of legal immunities that had traditionally protected them from judicial torture. It highlights the ongoing importance of the metaphor of slavery to the way corporeal punishment was described in the afterlife, particularly in the Vision of Paul, and it considers notions of retributive justice and the fear of hell.
Barbara Goff and Michael Simpson
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199217182
- eISBN:
- 9780191712388
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199217182.003.0008
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
Femi Osofisan's Tegonni: an African Antigone moves beyond a concern with the political and cultural effects of colonialism. Instead, the play deconstructs colonial and other types of authority, ...
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Femi Osofisan's Tegonni: an African Antigone moves beyond a concern with the political and cultural effects of colonialism. Instead, the play deconstructs colonial and other types of authority, including paternal power and the domination of the male, in the service of resistance to neo-colonialism. In place of traditional authorities it foregrounds relationships of spontaneous affection, female agency, and a comic dimension. The self-conscious metatheatricality of the drama serves the same project; Tegonni doubles its heroine between a mythical Greek Antigone and a nineteenth-century Yoruba princess, and thus can address, like Odale's Choice, the issue of a sacrifice that is efficacious but must be repeated. The authority of the Greek Antigone comes to symbolize the tragic inevitability of Africa's damaged history, but is countered both by the comedy in the play, represented most forcefully by the soldiers, and by the tradition of Antigones set in Africa.Less
Femi Osofisan's Tegonni: an African Antigone moves beyond a concern with the political and cultural effects of colonialism. Instead, the play deconstructs colonial and other types of authority, including paternal power and the domination of the male, in the service of resistance to neo-colonialism. In place of traditional authorities it foregrounds relationships of spontaneous affection, female agency, and a comic dimension. The self-conscious metatheatricality of the drama serves the same project; Tegonni doubles its heroine between a mythical Greek Antigone and a nineteenth-century Yoruba princess, and thus can address, like Odale's Choice, the issue of a sacrifice that is efficacious but must be repeated. The authority of the Greek Antigone comes to symbolize the tragic inevitability of Africa's damaged history, but is countered both by the comedy in the play, represented most forcefully by the soldiers, and by the tradition of Antigones set in Africa.
David C. Geary
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195320510
- eISBN:
- 9780199786800
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195320510.003.0006
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Why is fatherhood found at all in humans? This question is central to our understanding of men and families, because human fathers are a scientific riddle. This is because men's parenting is highly ...
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Why is fatherhood found at all in humans? This question is central to our understanding of men and families, because human fathers are a scientific riddle. This is because men's parenting is highly unusual when placed in the context of little, if any, male parenting in at least 95 percent of other mammalian species, including the two species most closely related to humans, that is, chimpanzees and bonobos. This chapter attempts to explain some aspects of this riddle and provides a wider perspective on human fatherhood, its evolution, and its expression in various social and cultural contexts. In the first section, the focus is on the cross-species patterns of male parenting or paternal investment and the implications for understanding the conditions that promote the evolution and proximate expression of this form of parenting. The second consists of an analysis of the evolution and expression of men's parenting.Less
Why is fatherhood found at all in humans? This question is central to our understanding of men and families, because human fathers are a scientific riddle. This is because men's parenting is highly unusual when placed in the context of little, if any, male parenting in at least 95 percent of other mammalian species, including the two species most closely related to humans, that is, chimpanzees and bonobos. This chapter attempts to explain some aspects of this riddle and provides a wider perspective on human fatherhood, its evolution, and its expression in various social and cultural contexts. In the first section, the focus is on the cross-species patterns of male parenting or paternal investment and the implications for understanding the conditions that promote the evolution and proximate expression of this form of parenting. The second consists of an analysis of the evolution and expression of men's parenting.
Adrian Randall
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199259908
- eISBN:
- 9780191717444
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199259908.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, Social History
This chapter looks at the ways in which the old ‘paternal’ model of market regulation came under growing pressure from the rise of a ‘national’ market in 18th-century England and examines the forms ...
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This chapter looks at the ways in which the old ‘paternal’ model of market regulation came under growing pressure from the rise of a ‘national’ market in 18th-century England and examines the forms of protest elicited by this change. During the 18th century, farmers resisted the standard eight-gallon Winchester bushel despite numerous proclamations and campaigns to enforce compliance. The resistance to the ‘small bushel’ reveals much about the culture, values, and organization of the marketing of food in the 18th century and about the nature of authority/populace relations. The rise of the national market enhanced the market power of large-scale dealers and middlemen, which made increased food prices in many regions where formerly there had been food surpluses. The extensive food riots of 1766 saw the old paternal regulatory model of marketing fully invoked in almost all markets around the country.Less
This chapter looks at the ways in which the old ‘paternal’ model of market regulation came under growing pressure from the rise of a ‘national’ market in 18th-century England and examines the forms of protest elicited by this change. During the 18th century, farmers resisted the standard eight-gallon Winchester bushel despite numerous proclamations and campaigns to enforce compliance. The resistance to the ‘small bushel’ reveals much about the culture, values, and organization of the marketing of food in the 18th century and about the nature of authority/populace relations. The rise of the national market enhanced the market power of large-scale dealers and middlemen, which made increased food prices in many regions where formerly there had been food surpluses. The extensive food riots of 1766 saw the old paternal regulatory model of marketing fully invoked in almost all markets around the country.
Ralph Colp Jr. M.D.
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813032313
- eISBN:
- 9780813039237
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813032313.003.0019
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Dr. Edward Kempf's explanations and diagnosis of Charles Darwin need more evidence and discussion. A succession of psychoanalytically-oriented psychiatrists then argued that Darwin felt hostility for ...
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Dr. Edward Kempf's explanations and diagnosis of Charles Darwin need more evidence and discussion. A succession of psychoanalytically-oriented psychiatrists then argued that Darwin felt hostility for his father. Douglas Hubble contended that Darwin needed to deny the occasion when his father rebuked him for being idle and predicted that he would become a “disgrace” to himself and his family. Dr. Rankine Good pictured a direct struggle of a son revolting from his father. In 1963, Phyllis Greenacre wrote that Darwin had an “unusual capacity for neurotic denial”, and that it was his need to deny his paternal aggression which contributed to his illness. Following the appearance of the views of Hubble, Good, and Greenacre, with their emphasis on Darwin's paternal hostility, several individuals questioned the validity of these views by putting them into a larger perspective. In 1990, John Bowlby, in his biography of Darwin, delineated two kinds of father–son interactions. Bowlby's view that Darwin sometimes doubted his father's good opinion of his work seems more plausible than the view that he had conscious and unconscious paternal hostility.Less
Dr. Edward Kempf's explanations and diagnosis of Charles Darwin need more evidence and discussion. A succession of psychoanalytically-oriented psychiatrists then argued that Darwin felt hostility for his father. Douglas Hubble contended that Darwin needed to deny the occasion when his father rebuked him for being idle and predicted that he would become a “disgrace” to himself and his family. Dr. Rankine Good pictured a direct struggle of a son revolting from his father. In 1963, Phyllis Greenacre wrote that Darwin had an “unusual capacity for neurotic denial”, and that it was his need to deny his paternal aggression which contributed to his illness. Following the appearance of the views of Hubble, Good, and Greenacre, with their emphasis on Darwin's paternal hostility, several individuals questioned the validity of these views by putting them into a larger perspective. In 1990, John Bowlby, in his biography of Darwin, delineated two kinds of father–son interactions. Bowlby's view that Darwin sometimes doubted his father's good opinion of his work seems more plausible than the view that he had conscious and unconscious paternal hostility.
Romila Thapar
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198077244
- eISBN:
- 9780199081073
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198077244.003.0019
- Subject:
- History, Indian History
This chapter describes the internal administration and foreign relations of the Mauryan empire under the reign of Aśoka. It explains that the establishment of the Mauryan state ushered in a new form ...
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This chapter describes the internal administration and foreign relations of the Mauryan empire under the reign of Aśoka. It explains that the establishment of the Mauryan state ushered in a new form of government, that of a centralised empire. Under this regime, the king had the central authority, and he not only defended social usage according to the traditional concept of kingship, but could also make his own laws. It was because of this increased power of the king that the Mauryan centralised monarchy became a paternal despotism under Aśoka. This chapter describes the Mauryan state's relationship with Kalinga and Ceylon. It suggests that Aśoka's relationship with Ceylon was not purely political, because though there may have been a considerable exchange of missions, Ceylon remained an independent kingdom.Less
This chapter describes the internal administration and foreign relations of the Mauryan empire under the reign of Aśoka. It explains that the establishment of the Mauryan state ushered in a new form of government, that of a centralised empire. Under this regime, the king had the central authority, and he not only defended social usage according to the traditional concept of kingship, but could also make his own laws. It was because of this increased power of the king that the Mauryan centralised monarchy became a paternal despotism under Aśoka. This chapter describes the Mauryan state's relationship with Kalinga and Ceylon. It suggests that Aśoka's relationship with Ceylon was not purely political, because though there may have been a considerable exchange of missions, Ceylon remained an independent kingdom.
Michael Numan
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- July 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780190848675
- eISBN:
- 9780190848705
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190848675.001.0001
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Development
The Parental Brain: Mechanisms, Development, and Evolution takes a three-pronged approach to the parental brain. The first part of the book deals with neural mechanisms. Subcortical circuits are ...
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The Parental Brain: Mechanisms, Development, and Evolution takes a three-pronged approach to the parental brain. The first part of the book deals with neural mechanisms. Subcortical circuits are crucially involved in parental behavior, and, for most mammals, the physiological events of pregnancy and parturition prime these circuits so that they become responsive to infant stimuli, allowing for the onset of maternal behavior at parturition. However, since paternal behavior and alloparental behavior occur in some mammalian species, alternate mechanisms are shown to exist that regulate the access of infant stimuli to these circuits. In humans, cortical circuits interact with subcortical circuits so that parental feeling states (emotions) and cognitions can be translated into parental behavior. The section on development emphasizes the experiential basis of the intergenerational continuity of normal and abnormal maternal behavior in animals and humans: The way a mother treats her infant affects the development of the infant’s brain and subsequent maternal behavior. Genetic factors, including epigenetic processes and gene by environment (G × E) interactions, are also involved. The chapter on evolution presents evidence that the parental brain most likely provided the foundation or template for other strong prosocial bonds. In particular, cortical and subcortical parental brain circuits have probably been utilized by natural selection to promote the evolution of the hyper-cooperation and hyper-prosociality that exist in human social groups. A unique aspect of this book is its integration of animal and human research to create a complete understanding of the parental brain.Less
The Parental Brain: Mechanisms, Development, and Evolution takes a three-pronged approach to the parental brain. The first part of the book deals with neural mechanisms. Subcortical circuits are crucially involved in parental behavior, and, for most mammals, the physiological events of pregnancy and parturition prime these circuits so that they become responsive to infant stimuli, allowing for the onset of maternal behavior at parturition. However, since paternal behavior and alloparental behavior occur in some mammalian species, alternate mechanisms are shown to exist that regulate the access of infant stimuli to these circuits. In humans, cortical circuits interact with subcortical circuits so that parental feeling states (emotions) and cognitions can be translated into parental behavior. The section on development emphasizes the experiential basis of the intergenerational continuity of normal and abnormal maternal behavior in animals and humans: The way a mother treats her infant affects the development of the infant’s brain and subsequent maternal behavior. Genetic factors, including epigenetic processes and gene by environment (G × E) interactions, are also involved. The chapter on evolution presents evidence that the parental brain most likely provided the foundation or template for other strong prosocial bonds. In particular, cortical and subcortical parental brain circuits have probably been utilized by natural selection to promote the evolution of the hyper-cooperation and hyper-prosociality that exist in human social groups. A unique aspect of this book is its integration of animal and human research to create a complete understanding of the parental brain.
Larry Lankton
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195083576
- eISBN:
- 9780199854158
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195083576.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
The more successful companies had the wherewithal to provide employees' families with greater protection against the harsher shocks of life. Company-sponsored medical services made up a key part of ...
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The more successful companies had the wherewithal to provide employees' families with greater protection against the harsher shocks of life. Company-sponsored medical services made up a key part of the mines' social safety net. All operating mines provided at least a minimal level of medical care. Companies hired the doctors, built and owned the hospitals and dispensaries, ordered the medicines, and purchased the medical instruments. The social safety nets strung up by the companies offered workers some security but were far from perfect. The companies succeeded far better in maintaining paternal bonds with older employees than they did in establishing bonds of cooperation, trust, loyalty with their newer men.Less
The more successful companies had the wherewithal to provide employees' families with greater protection against the harsher shocks of life. Company-sponsored medical services made up a key part of the mines' social safety net. All operating mines provided at least a minimal level of medical care. Companies hired the doctors, built and owned the hospitals and dispensaries, ordered the medicines, and purchased the medical instruments. The social safety nets strung up by the companies offered workers some security but were far from perfect. The companies succeeded far better in maintaining paternal bonds with older employees than they did in establishing bonds of cooperation, trust, loyalty with their newer men.
Lyndal Roper
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202806
- eISBN:
- 9780191675522
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202806.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
This chapter further explores the development of the Reformation in Augsburg particularly on politics. One of the most important developments was the passage of the Discipline Ordinance of 1537. This ...
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This chapter further explores the development of the Reformation in Augsburg particularly on politics. One of the most important developments was the passage of the Discipline Ordinance of 1537. This transformed the codification of a new psychology of sin and a distinctive language of crime. Moreover, this marked a transfer of control over marriage and morals from the Church to the civic Council. Also, this new code articulated the ideal differences between men and women in terms of duties, work responsibilities, and psychologies. This new definition of sexual differences created a new rhetoric of paternal moralism, which resulted in a new understanding of paternal power in the political sphere.Less
This chapter further explores the development of the Reformation in Augsburg particularly on politics. One of the most important developments was the passage of the Discipline Ordinance of 1537. This transformed the codification of a new psychology of sin and a distinctive language of crime. Moreover, this marked a transfer of control over marriage and morals from the Church to the civic Council. Also, this new code articulated the ideal differences between men and women in terms of duties, work responsibilities, and psychologies. This new definition of sexual differences created a new rhetoric of paternal moralism, which resulted in a new understanding of paternal power in the political sphere.
Gul Ozyegin
- Published in print:
- 1937
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814762349
- eISBN:
- 9780814762356
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814762349.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
In stark contrast with their fathers, the young men whose narratives make up this chapter long for identities based on self-expansion and personal enrichment. Mirroring Turkish society's pivot away ...
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In stark contrast with their fathers, the young men whose narratives make up this chapter long for identities based on self-expansion and personal enrichment. Mirroring Turkish society's pivot away from state-based paternalism, these young men see themselves as embarking on projects of "entrepreneurship of the self" where old ideals of paternal selflessness are replaced by new ideals of individualism, ambition, and pleasure seeking. As these men reject the traditional modes of masculinity modeled by their fathers, they explicitly seek new types of affective relationships with "selfish" women who break from the traditional models of female selflessness. Yet even as these men seek recognition and support for their own self-making from women who are equally ambitious and independent, they cannot completely repudiate the maternal model, longing at the same time for "positive," "selfless" girls who subordinate their desires to the needs of the relationship. The tension of this paradox is felt most acutely by men from conservative and rural family backgrounds whose new identities as upwardly mobile high-achievers necessitate recognition from equally high-achieving women, but who are unable or unwilling to completely relinquish their need for male dominance and control in order to make such relationships successful.Less
In stark contrast with their fathers, the young men whose narratives make up this chapter long for identities based on self-expansion and personal enrichment. Mirroring Turkish society's pivot away from state-based paternalism, these young men see themselves as embarking on projects of "entrepreneurship of the self" where old ideals of paternal selflessness are replaced by new ideals of individualism, ambition, and pleasure seeking. As these men reject the traditional modes of masculinity modeled by their fathers, they explicitly seek new types of affective relationships with "selfish" women who break from the traditional models of female selflessness. Yet even as these men seek recognition and support for their own self-making from women who are equally ambitious and independent, they cannot completely repudiate the maternal model, longing at the same time for "positive," "selfless" girls who subordinate their desires to the needs of the relationship. The tension of this paradox is felt most acutely by men from conservative and rural family backgrounds whose new identities as upwardly mobile high-achievers necessitate recognition from equally high-achieving women, but who are unable or unwilling to completely relinquish their need for male dominance and control in order to make such relationships successful.
Ann Hallamore Caesar
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198151760
- eISBN:
- 9780191672828
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198151760.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature
This chapter discusses how Luigi Pirandello's novels portray different aspects of family life. In this chapter, various forms of physical, psychological and emotional afflictions are emphasized on ...
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This chapter discusses how Luigi Pirandello's novels portray different aspects of family life. In this chapter, various forms of physical, psychological and emotional afflictions are emphasized on certain excerpts to demonstrate Pirandello's approach on family conflicts. The chapter also segregates the said approaches to paternal and maternal to effectively differentiate the means on how the household in Pirandello's novels were run. This chapter also discusses the roles of parents within a family. In addition, it tackles Pirandello's mastery of imposing authorship to his characters — making them key narrators of the novel themselves. In the further parts of the chapter, the focus is on the designation of character names and their impacts on the novel. The chapter also discusses different mechanisms of how Luigi Pirandello revealed his characters and their relevance on the literary pieces. Finally, a conflict between paternal and maternal rights will also be discussed.Less
This chapter discusses how Luigi Pirandello's novels portray different aspects of family life. In this chapter, various forms of physical, psychological and emotional afflictions are emphasized on certain excerpts to demonstrate Pirandello's approach on family conflicts. The chapter also segregates the said approaches to paternal and maternal to effectively differentiate the means on how the household in Pirandello's novels were run. This chapter also discusses the roles of parents within a family. In addition, it tackles Pirandello's mastery of imposing authorship to his characters — making them key narrators of the novel themselves. In the further parts of the chapter, the focus is on the designation of character names and their impacts on the novel. The chapter also discusses different mechanisms of how Luigi Pirandello revealed his characters and their relevance on the literary pieces. Finally, a conflict between paternal and maternal rights will also be discussed.
Steven Rendall
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198151807
- eISBN:
- 9780191672842
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198151807.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature
This chapter accounts for Montaigne's repeated claim that he has made everything in the Essais his own. The category of appropriation is central to sixteenth-century reflection on writing; it can be ...
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This chapter accounts for Montaigne's repeated claim that he has made everything in the Essais his own. The category of appropriation is central to sixteenth-century reflection on writing; it can be seen as the underlying theme linking topics such as imitation, translation, and interpretation. ‘De l'institution des enfans’ makes explicit the metaphorical ratio: the father is to the son as the author is to the text. Montaigne declares that he sees as well as anyone that his text-child is far from perfect, and that its imperfection accurately reflects his own. Montaigne extends the parallel between writing and education in a somewhat different direction by suggesting that the writer plays both the role of student with respect to antecedent master-texts and that of teacher with respect to readers, just as the paternal metaphor that commands his chapter.Less
This chapter accounts for Montaigne's repeated claim that he has made everything in the Essais his own. The category of appropriation is central to sixteenth-century reflection on writing; it can be seen as the underlying theme linking topics such as imitation, translation, and interpretation. ‘De l'institution des enfans’ makes explicit the metaphorical ratio: the father is to the son as the author is to the text. Montaigne declares that he sees as well as anyone that his text-child is far from perfect, and that its imperfection accurately reflects his own. Montaigne extends the parallel between writing and education in a somewhat different direction by suggesting that the writer plays both the role of student with respect to antecedent master-texts and that of teacher with respect to readers, just as the paternal metaphor that commands his chapter.
FRANCES HARRIS
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202240
- eISBN:
- 9780191675232
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202240.003.0021
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
Although there may have already been claims that the Marlborough family was on its way into healing its divisions, Sarah was nonetheless determined to leave no holes for others to challenge John ...
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Although there may have already been claims that the Marlborough family was on its way into healing its divisions, Sarah was nonetheless determined to leave no holes for others to challenge John Spencer as the major claimant to the Marlborough property. However, problems came up since Sunderland attributed much debt to his paternal inheritance and he also asserted that his wife was to receive a relatively large settlement. This could not be transferred unless a new jointure in the Marlborough estate was issued. Sarah was, however, avoided by those whom she sought help from, and she had to come up with another way to attain her goal. This chapter includes a discussion regarding the political significance of how John Spencer and Georgiana Carteret were arranged for marriage.Less
Although there may have already been claims that the Marlborough family was on its way into healing its divisions, Sarah was nonetheless determined to leave no holes for others to challenge John Spencer as the major claimant to the Marlborough property. However, problems came up since Sunderland attributed much debt to his paternal inheritance and he also asserted that his wife was to receive a relatively large settlement. This could not be transferred unless a new jointure in the Marlborough estate was issued. Sarah was, however, avoided by those whom she sought help from, and she had to come up with another way to attain her goal. This chapter includes a discussion regarding the political significance of how John Spencer and Georgiana Carteret were arranged for marriage.
RACHEL BOWLBY
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199566228
- eISBN:
- 9780191710407
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199566228.003.0008
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This chapter asks what Sophocles' Oedipus the King, the tragedy on which Freud based his radical theory of human subjectivity, might offer in relation to the new kinds of identity and family that ...
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This chapter asks what Sophocles' Oedipus the King, the tragedy on which Freud based his radical theory of human subjectivity, might offer in relation to the new kinds of identity and family that have emerged in the century since. In particular, it considers how Freud's emphasis on sexual fantasy and childhood has obscured Sophocles' stress on the significance of parents', not children's, desires and fears. Oedipus's birth father Laius is so fearful of what a son might do to him that he throws him out; his adoptive father, on the other hand, is profoundly loving. Another proto-parental theme of the play which Freud ignores is childlessness, apaidia. This theme is prominent in today's culture (especially through issues of infertility and new reproductive technologies) but was largely unspoken in Freud's.Less
This chapter asks what Sophocles' Oedipus the King, the tragedy on which Freud based his radical theory of human subjectivity, might offer in relation to the new kinds of identity and family that have emerged in the century since. In particular, it considers how Freud's emphasis on sexual fantasy and childhood has obscured Sophocles' stress on the significance of parents', not children's, desires and fears. Oedipus's birth father Laius is so fearful of what a son might do to him that he throws him out; his adoptive father, on the other hand, is profoundly loving. Another proto-parental theme of the play which Freud ignores is childlessness, apaidia. This theme is prominent in today's culture (especially through issues of infertility and new reproductive technologies) but was largely unspoken in Freud's.
Browne C. Lewis
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814738481
- eISBN:
- 9780814753279
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814738481.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Family Law
When a child is conceived from sexual intercourse between a married, heterosexual couple, the child has a legal father and mother. Whatever may happen thereafter, the child's parents are legally ...
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When a child is conceived from sexual intercourse between a married, heterosexual couple, the child has a legal father and mother. Whatever may happen thereafter, the child's parents are legally bound to provide for their child, and if they don't, they'-re held accountable by law. But what about children created by artificial insemination? When it comes to paternity, the law is full of gray areas, resulting in many cases where children have no legal fathers. This book argues that the courts should take steps to ensure that all children have at least two legal parents. Additionally, state legislatures should recognize that more than one class of fathers may exist and allocate paternal responsibility based, again, upon the best interest of the child. The book includes concrete methods for dealing with different types of cases, including anonymous and non-anonymous sperm donors, married and unmarried women, and lesbian couples. In so doing, it first establishes different types of paternity, and then draws on these to create an expanded definition of paternity.Less
When a child is conceived from sexual intercourse between a married, heterosexual couple, the child has a legal father and mother. Whatever may happen thereafter, the child's parents are legally bound to provide for their child, and if they don't, they'-re held accountable by law. But what about children created by artificial insemination? When it comes to paternity, the law is full of gray areas, resulting in many cases where children have no legal fathers. This book argues that the courts should take steps to ensure that all children have at least two legal parents. Additionally, state legislatures should recognize that more than one class of fathers may exist and allocate paternal responsibility based, again, upon the best interest of the child. The book includes concrete methods for dealing with different types of cases, including anonymous and non-anonymous sperm donors, married and unmarried women, and lesbian couples. In so doing, it first establishes different types of paternity, and then draws on these to create an expanded definition of paternity.
Geoffrey E. Hill
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195148480
- eISBN:
- 9780199893683
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195148480.003.0007
- Subject:
- Biology, Ornithology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
There are two potential payoffs for a female who mates with a highly ornamented male: resources for herself and her offspring and good genes for offspring. Male House Finches with brighter plumage ...
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There are two potential payoffs for a female who mates with a highly ornamented male: resources for herself and her offspring and good genes for offspring. Male House Finches with brighter plumage coloration feed incubating females and chicks in their nests more than drabber males. Some indirect evidence also supports the hypothesis that female gain good genes by pairing with highly ornamented males but this idea remains to be fully tested.Less
There are two potential payoffs for a female who mates with a highly ornamented male: resources for herself and her offspring and good genes for offspring. Male House Finches with brighter plumage coloration feed incubating females and chicks in their nests more than drabber males. Some indirect evidence also supports the hypothesis that female gain good genes by pairing with highly ornamented males but this idea remains to be fully tested.
Christopher W. Calvo
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780813066332
- eISBN:
- 9780813058474
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813066332.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
This chapter focuses on American conservative economic thought, concentrating on George Fitzhugh, George Frederick Holmes, Thomas Skidmore, and Langton Byllesby. Material and intellectual capitalism ...
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This chapter focuses on American conservative economic thought, concentrating on George Fitzhugh, George Frederick Holmes, Thomas Skidmore, and Langton Byllesby. Material and intellectual capitalism are described as revolutionary movements that American conservatives organized against. Antebellum conservatives rejected bourgeois capitalist values, further illustrating the absence of a Smithian-inspired laissez-faire consensus. Combining these thinkers into a single chapter offers a fresh perspective on what constituted economic conservative thought in the face of capitalist revolution. Southern conservatives like Fitzhugh and Holmes reserved special animus towards Smith’s Wealth of Nations, highlighting the moral and social perils of free labor, competition, and industrialization, while celebrating the benefits of paternal slavery. In Northern industrial quarters, socialists like Skidmore and Byllesby challenged the foundational principles of bourgeois capitalism, denouncing profits, private property, the maldistribution of wealth, and the social and psychological externalities of industrialization. Skidmore and Byllesby voiced a home-grown version of socialist ideology then emerging among America’s working class.Less
This chapter focuses on American conservative economic thought, concentrating on George Fitzhugh, George Frederick Holmes, Thomas Skidmore, and Langton Byllesby. Material and intellectual capitalism are described as revolutionary movements that American conservatives organized against. Antebellum conservatives rejected bourgeois capitalist values, further illustrating the absence of a Smithian-inspired laissez-faire consensus. Combining these thinkers into a single chapter offers a fresh perspective on what constituted economic conservative thought in the face of capitalist revolution. Southern conservatives like Fitzhugh and Holmes reserved special animus towards Smith’s Wealth of Nations, highlighting the moral and social perils of free labor, competition, and industrialization, while celebrating the benefits of paternal slavery. In Northern industrial quarters, socialists like Skidmore and Byllesby challenged the foundational principles of bourgeois capitalism, denouncing profits, private property, the maldistribution of wealth, and the social and psychological externalities of industrialization. Skidmore and Byllesby voiced a home-grown version of socialist ideology then emerging among America’s working class.
Libra R. Hilde
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781469660677
- eISBN:
- 9781469660691
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469660677.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
Analyzing published and archival oral histories of formerly enslaved African Americans, Libra R. Hilde explores the meanings of manhood and fatherhood during and after the era of slavery, ...
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Analyzing published and archival oral histories of formerly enslaved African Americans, Libra R. Hilde explores the meanings of manhood and fatherhood during and after the era of slavery, demonstrating that black men and women articulated a surprisingly broad and consistent vision of paternal duty across more than a century. Complicating the tendency among historians to conflate masculinity within slavery with heroic resistance, Hilde emphasizes that, while some enslaved men openly rebelled, many chose subtle forms of resistance in the context of family and local community. She explains how a significant number of enslaved men served as caretakers to their children and shaped their lives and identities. From the standpoint of enslavers, this was particularly threatening--a man who fed his children built up the master’s property, but a man who fed them notions of autonomy put cracks in the edifice of slavery.
Fatherhood highlighted the agonizing contradictions of the condition of enslavement, and to be an involved father was to face intractable dilemmas, yet many men tried. By telling the story of the often quietly heroic efforts that enslaved men undertook to be fathers, Hilde reveals how formerly enslaved African Americans evaluated their fathers (including white fathers) and envisioned an honorable manhood.Less
Analyzing published and archival oral histories of formerly enslaved African Americans, Libra R. Hilde explores the meanings of manhood and fatherhood during and after the era of slavery, demonstrating that black men and women articulated a surprisingly broad and consistent vision of paternal duty across more than a century. Complicating the tendency among historians to conflate masculinity within slavery with heroic resistance, Hilde emphasizes that, while some enslaved men openly rebelled, many chose subtle forms of resistance in the context of family and local community. She explains how a significant number of enslaved men served as caretakers to their children and shaped their lives and identities. From the standpoint of enslavers, this was particularly threatening--a man who fed his children built up the master’s property, but a man who fed them notions of autonomy put cracks in the edifice of slavery.
Fatherhood highlighted the agonizing contradictions of the condition of enslavement, and to be an involved father was to face intractable dilemmas, yet many men tried. By telling the story of the often quietly heroic efforts that enslaved men undertook to be fathers, Hilde reveals how formerly enslaved African Americans evaluated their fathers (including white fathers) and envisioned an honorable manhood.
