David Rueda
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199216352
- eISBN:
- 9780191712241
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199216352.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
The analysis in this book disputes entrenched interpretations of the comparative political economy of industrialized democracies. It questions, in particular, the widely-held assumption that social ...
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The analysis in this book disputes entrenched interpretations of the comparative political economy of industrialized democracies. It questions, in particular, the widely-held assumption that social democratic governments will defend the interests of labour. The evidence shows that labour has become split into two clearly differentiated constituencies: those with secure employment (insiders) and those without (outsiders). The book focuses on three policy areas: employment protection (representing the main concern of insiders), and active and passive labour market policies (the main concern of outsiders). The main thrust of the argument is that the goals of social democratic parties are often best served by pursuing policies that benefit only insiders. The implication of the book's insider-outsider model is that social democratic government is associated with higher levels of employment protection legislation but not with labour market policy. The book also argues that there are factors that can reduce insider-outsider differences and weaken their influence on social democratic governments. These hypotheses are explored through the triangulation of different methodologies. The book provides an analysis of surveys and macrodata and a detailed comparison of three case-studies: Spain, the UK, and the Netherlands.Less
The analysis in this book disputes entrenched interpretations of the comparative political economy of industrialized democracies. It questions, in particular, the widely-held assumption that social democratic governments will defend the interests of labour. The evidence shows that labour has become split into two clearly differentiated constituencies: those with secure employment (insiders) and those without (outsiders). The book focuses on three policy areas: employment protection (representing the main concern of insiders), and active and passive labour market policies (the main concern of outsiders). The main thrust of the argument is that the goals of social democratic parties are often best served by pursuing policies that benefit only insiders. The implication of the book's insider-outsider model is that social democratic government is associated with higher levels of employment protection legislation but not with labour market policy. The book also argues that there are factors that can reduce insider-outsider differences and weaken their influence on social democratic governments. These hypotheses are explored through the triangulation of different methodologies. The book provides an analysis of surveys and macrodata and a detailed comparison of three case-studies: Spain, the UK, and the Netherlands.
John Russell Roberts
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195313932
- eISBN:
- 9780199871926
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195313932.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
George Berkeley notoriously claimed that his immaterialist metaphysics was not only consistent with common sense, but that it was also integral to its defense. This book argues that understanding the ...
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George Berkeley notoriously claimed that his immaterialist metaphysics was not only consistent with common sense, but that it was also integral to its defense. This book argues that understanding the basic connection between Berkeley's philosophy and common sense requires a better understanding of the four principle components of Berkeley's positive metaphysics: the nature of being, the divine language thesis, the active/passive distinction, and the nature of spirits. This book begins by focusing on Berkeley's view of the nature of being. It elucidates Berkeley's view on Locke and the Cartesians, and examines Berkeley's views about related concepts such as unity and simplicity. From there, it moves on to Berkeley's philosophy of language, arguing that scrutiny of the famous Introduction to the Principles of Human Knowledge reveals that Berkeley identified the ideational theory of meaning and understanding as the root cause of some of the worst of humanity's intellectual errors, not abstract ideas. Abstract ideas are, rather, the most debilitating symptom of this underlying ailment. In place of the ideational theory, Berkeley defends a rudimentary use theory of meaning. This understanding of Berkeley's approach to semantics is then applied to the divine language thesis and is shown to have important consequences for Berkeley's pragmatic approach to the ontology of natural objects and for his approach to our knowledge of, and relation to, other minds, including God's. Turning next to Berkeley's much maligned account of spirits, the book defends the coherence of Berkeley's view of spirits by way of providing an interpretation of the active/passive distinction as marking a normative distinction and by focusing on the role that divine language plays in letting Berkeley identify the soul with the will. With these four principles of Berkeley's philosophy in hand, the book returns to the topic of common sense and offers a defense of Berkeley's philosophy as built upon, and expressive of, the deepest metaphysical commitments of mainstream Christianity.Less
George Berkeley notoriously claimed that his immaterialist metaphysics was not only consistent with common sense, but that it was also integral to its defense. This book argues that understanding the basic connection between Berkeley's philosophy and common sense requires a better understanding of the four principle components of Berkeley's positive metaphysics: the nature of being, the divine language thesis, the active/passive distinction, and the nature of spirits. This book begins by focusing on Berkeley's view of the nature of being. It elucidates Berkeley's view on Locke and the Cartesians, and examines Berkeley's views about related concepts such as unity and simplicity. From there, it moves on to Berkeley's philosophy of language, arguing that scrutiny of the famous Introduction to the Principles of Human Knowledge reveals that Berkeley identified the ideational theory of meaning and understanding as the root cause of some of the worst of humanity's intellectual errors, not abstract ideas. Abstract ideas are, rather, the most debilitating symptom of this underlying ailment. In place of the ideational theory, Berkeley defends a rudimentary use theory of meaning. This understanding of Berkeley's approach to semantics is then applied to the divine language thesis and is shown to have important consequences for Berkeley's pragmatic approach to the ontology of natural objects and for his approach to our knowledge of, and relation to, other minds, including God's. Turning next to Berkeley's much maligned account of spirits, the book defends the coherence of Berkeley's view of spirits by way of providing an interpretation of the active/passive distinction as marking a normative distinction and by focusing on the role that divine language plays in letting Berkeley identify the soul with the will. With these four principles of Berkeley's philosophy in hand, the book returns to the topic of common sense and offers a defense of Berkeley's philosophy as built upon, and expressive of, the deepest metaphysical commitments of mainstream Christianity.
Ronald K. S. Macaulay
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195173819
- eISBN:
- 9780199788361
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195173819.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This work is a sociolinguistic study employing quantitative methods to explore age, gender, and social class differences in the use of a range of discourse features. It is based on a gender-balanced ...
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This work is a sociolinguistic study employing quantitative methods to explore age, gender, and social class differences in the use of a range of discourse features. It is based on a gender-balanced sample of middle-class and working-class adolescents and adults, recorded under the same conditions in Glasgow, Scotland. Unlike studies of phonetic or morphological variation, the study of discourse variation requires samples of talk in action with speakers interacting with one another. The speakers, who knew each other, were recorded talking in the presence of the tape-recorder for approximately half an hour without the investigator being present. The recordings were transcribed in their totality and the transcripts searched for the occurrence of features such as the use of pronouns, adverbs, you know, I mean, as well as grammatical features such as questions and passive voice. The frequencies of use of the variables by the different social groups (e.g., middle-class women, adolescent boys) were calibrated and the results compared. Differences between adults and adolescents provided the greatest number of statistically significant results, followed by differences between males and females. The smallest number of statistically significant differences were related to social class. Qualitative analysis, however, revealed important social class differences in discourse styles. The study shows the danger of generalizing about social class or gender on the basis of a limited sample of a few discourse features.Less
This work is a sociolinguistic study employing quantitative methods to explore age, gender, and social class differences in the use of a range of discourse features. It is based on a gender-balanced sample of middle-class and working-class adolescents and adults, recorded under the same conditions in Glasgow, Scotland. Unlike studies of phonetic or morphological variation, the study of discourse variation requires samples of talk in action with speakers interacting with one another. The speakers, who knew each other, were recorded talking in the presence of the tape-recorder for approximately half an hour without the investigator being present. The recordings were transcribed in their totality and the transcripts searched for the occurrence of features such as the use of pronouns, adverbs, you know, I mean, as well as grammatical features such as questions and passive voice. The frequencies of use of the variables by the different social groups (e.g., middle-class women, adolescent boys) were calibrated and the results compared. Differences between adults and adolescents provided the greatest number of statistically significant results, followed by differences between males and females. The smallest number of statistically significant differences were related to social class. Qualitative analysis, however, revealed important social class differences in discourse styles. The study shows the danger of generalizing about social class or gender on the basis of a limited sample of a few discourse features.
John M Findlay and Iain D Gilchrist
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198524793
- eISBN:
- 9780191711817
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198524793.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
More than one third of the human brain is devoted to the processes of seeing — vision is after all the main way in which we gather information about the world. But human vision is a dynamic process ...
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More than one third of the human brain is devoted to the processes of seeing — vision is after all the main way in which we gather information about the world. But human vision is a dynamic process during which the eyes continually sample the environment. Where most books on vision consider it as a passive activity, this book focuses on vision as an ‘active’ process. It goes beyond most accounts of vision where the focus is on seeing, to provide an account of seeing AND looking. The book starts by pointing out the weaknesses in our traditional approaches to vision and the reason we need this new approach. It then gives a thorough description of basic details of the visual and oculomotor systems necessary to understand active vision. The book goes on to show how this approach can give a new perspective on visual attention, and how the approach has progressed in the areas of visual orienting, reading, visual search, scene perception, and neuropsychology. Finally, the book summarizes progress by showing how this approach sheds new light on the old problem of how we maintain perception of a stable visual world.Less
More than one third of the human brain is devoted to the processes of seeing — vision is after all the main way in which we gather information about the world. But human vision is a dynamic process during which the eyes continually sample the environment. Where most books on vision consider it as a passive activity, this book focuses on vision as an ‘active’ process. It goes beyond most accounts of vision where the focus is on seeing, to provide an account of seeing AND looking. The book starts by pointing out the weaknesses in our traditional approaches to vision and the reason we need this new approach. It then gives a thorough description of basic details of the visual and oculomotor systems necessary to understand active vision. The book goes on to show how this approach can give a new perspective on visual attention, and how the approach has progressed in the areas of visual orienting, reading, visual search, scene perception, and neuropsychology. Finally, the book summarizes progress by showing how this approach sheds new light on the old problem of how we maintain perception of a stable visual world.
Ronald K. S. Macaulay
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195173819
- eISBN:
- 9780199788361
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195173819.003.0008
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter looks at the frequency of coordinate clauses, because-clauses, passive voice, and dislocated syntax (e.g., clefting and left dislocation). There are some age and gender differences but ...
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This chapter looks at the frequency of coordinate clauses, because-clauses, passive voice, and dislocated syntax (e.g., clefting and left dislocation). There are some age and gender differences but few social class differences. The two social class differences that are statistically significant are passive voice, which the middle-class speakers use more frequently than the working-class speakers, and dislocated syntax, which the working-class speakers use much more frequently than the middle-class speakers. In contrast to the views of Basil Bernstein, there is no reason to believe that there are many social class differences in the use of syntax.Less
This chapter looks at the frequency of coordinate clauses, because-clauses, passive voice, and dislocated syntax (e.g., clefting and left dislocation). There are some age and gender differences but few social class differences. The two social class differences that are statistically significant are passive voice, which the middle-class speakers use more frequently than the working-class speakers, and dislocated syntax, which the working-class speakers use much more frequently than the middle-class speakers. In contrast to the views of Basil Bernstein, there is no reason to believe that there are many social class differences in the use of syntax.
Sendhil Mullainathan
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195305197
- eISBN:
- 9780199783519
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195305191.003.0025
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
A growing number of researchers are studying how to integrate psychological insights into economic reasoning. In this perspective, people sometimes make bad choices, ones that they themselves would ...
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A growing number of researchers are studying how to integrate psychological insights into economic reasoning. In this perspective, people sometimes make bad choices, ones that they themselves would like to improve on. This perspective is opening up new ideas, such as how good institutions might help people improve their decisions. This essay discusses these insights using a few choice examples. The goal is to provide a glimpse of how radically different policy suggestions might be in 10 or 20 years as the integration of psychology and economics deepens.Less
A growing number of researchers are studying how to integrate psychological insights into economic reasoning. In this perspective, people sometimes make bad choices, ones that they themselves would like to improve on. This perspective is opening up new ideas, such as how good institutions might help people improve their decisions. This essay discusses these insights using a few choice examples. The goal is to provide a glimpse of how radically different policy suggestions might be in 10 or 20 years as the integration of psychology and economics deepens.
Milada Anna Vachudova
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- April 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199241194
- eISBN:
- 9780191602382
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199241198.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This chapter presents a theoretical framework for the EU’s passive leverage, defined as the traction that the EU has on the domestic politics of credible candidate states merely by virtue of its ...
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This chapter presents a theoretical framework for the EU’s passive leverage, defined as the traction that the EU has on the domestic politics of credible candidate states merely by virtue of its existence and its usual conduct. Passive leverage includes the political and economic benefits of EU membership, the costs of exclusion, and the way that the EU treats non-member states. The force of the EU’s passive leverage explains why the governments of virtually all credible future EU member states declare EU membership as their foremost foreign policy goal.Less
This chapter presents a theoretical framework for the EU’s passive leverage, defined as the traction that the EU has on the domestic politics of credible candidate states merely by virtue of its existence and its usual conduct. Passive leverage includes the political and economic benefits of EU membership, the costs of exclusion, and the way that the EU treats non-member states. The force of the EU’s passive leverage explains why the governments of virtually all credible future EU member states declare EU membership as their foremost foreign policy goal.
Michael Brydon
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199204816
- eISBN:
- 9780191709500
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199204816.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
The use of Hooker to promote the doctrine of passive obedience placed the Church in an impossible dilemma following the accession of James II. His reign discredited the Restoration political ...
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The use of Hooker to promote the doctrine of passive obedience placed the Church in an impossible dilemma following the accession of James II. His reign discredited the Restoration political understanding of Hooker, and threatened Hooker’s guardianship of the English Church through a resurgent Catholic exploitation of his vagaries. James’s enforced abdication, however, brought Hooker’s previously discounted doctrine of original compact back into favour amongst Whigs and some Tories, and more latitudinarian attitudes developed within the Church.Less
The use of Hooker to promote the doctrine of passive obedience placed the Church in an impossible dilemma following the accession of James II. His reign discredited the Restoration political understanding of Hooker, and threatened Hooker’s guardianship of the English Church through a resurgent Catholic exploitation of his vagaries. James’s enforced abdication, however, brought Hooker’s previously discounted doctrine of original compact back into favour amongst Whigs and some Tories, and more latitudinarian attitudes developed within the Church.
John S. Dryzek, David Downes, Christian Hunold, David Schlosberg, and Hans‐Kristian Hernes
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199249022
- eISBN:
- 9780191599095
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199249024.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
Social movements contribute to democracy and democratization. This chapter broadens the focus to democracy within society as a whole, civil society, and the public sphere as well as the state, and ...
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Social movements contribute to democracy and democratization. This chapter broadens the focus to democracy within society as a whole, civil society, and the public sphere as well as the state, and the contributions that movements can make to it. The counterintuitive conclusions are that inclusive states can actually be bad for democracy in the society as a whole (even if they look positive when it comes to democracy within the state), while passive exclusion in states such as Germany can promote democracy. States with a prescriptive orientation to civil society, be it on behalf of inclusion or exclusion, stifle movement diversity.Less
Social movements contribute to democracy and democratization. This chapter broadens the focus to democracy within society as a whole, civil society, and the public sphere as well as the state, and the contributions that movements can make to it. The counterintuitive conclusions are that inclusive states can actually be bad for democracy in the society as a whole (even if they look positive when it comes to democracy within the state), while passive exclusion in states such as Germany can promote democracy. States with a prescriptive orientation to civil society, be it on behalf of inclusion or exclusion, stifle movement diversity.
LUTZ MARTEN
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199250639
- eISBN:
- 9780191719479
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199250639.003.0007
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Semantics and Pragmatics, Syntax and Morphology
This concluding chapter summarizes the arguments presented and draws out the main consequences. It points out the basic idea of the study, namely that verbal subcategorization is underspecified and ...
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This concluding chapter summarizes the arguments presented and draws out the main consequences. It points out the basic idea of the study, namely that verbal subcategorization is underspecified and that verbs allow for a free process of adjunction resulting in verb phrases with varying complementation patterns, built anew on every occasion of use, and interpreted with recourse to pragmatic enrichment. The relation between the conceptual content of the study and the particular implementation is shown, and possible improvements or alternatives are sketched. Further possible empirical developments are mentioned, such as a closer study of other valency changing operations such as passives. The most important result of the study is, however, that the interpretation of verbs and their syntactic environment is thoroughly context-dependent, thus providing evidence against a syntactic level of logical form. Rather, in the process of utterance interpretation, lexical, syntactic, and pragmatic knowledge interact so as to jointly derive an interpretation of the words encountered.Less
This concluding chapter summarizes the arguments presented and draws out the main consequences. It points out the basic idea of the study, namely that verbal subcategorization is underspecified and that verbs allow for a free process of adjunction resulting in verb phrases with varying complementation patterns, built anew on every occasion of use, and interpreted with recourse to pragmatic enrichment. The relation between the conceptual content of the study and the particular implementation is shown, and possible improvements or alternatives are sketched. Further possible empirical developments are mentioned, such as a closer study of other valency changing operations such as passives. The most important result of the study is, however, that the interpretation of verbs and their syntactic environment is thoroughly context-dependent, thus providing evidence against a syntactic level of logical form. Rather, in the process of utterance interpretation, lexical, syntactic, and pragmatic knowledge interact so as to jointly derive an interpretation of the words encountered.
David Langslow
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198153023
- eISBN:
- 9780191715211
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198153023.003.0022
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Prose and Writers: Classical, Early, and Medieval
After an introduction to the basic categories of grammatical voice, and the associated terminology, this chapter discusses first (Lectures 21–2) differences of meaning between active and middle forms ...
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After an introduction to the basic categories of grammatical voice, and the associated terminology, this chapter discusses first (Lectures 21–2) differences of meaning between active and middle forms in Greek,with some remarks on active-only and middle-only verbs. In Lecture 23, the chapter passes to Latin and compares certain uses of Latin deponents and passives with those of Greek middles, concluding with some remarks on the endings associated with voice and tense in Greek and Latin. The passive, finally, is discussed first with regard to the various formal ways of expressing it, and then with regard to its use, its patterns of distribution, and its functions. Lecture 25 begins — and this chapter concludes — with discussion of the impersonal passive, and of combinations of infinitive + modal verb in the passive.Less
After an introduction to the basic categories of grammatical voice, and the associated terminology, this chapter discusses first (Lectures 21–2) differences of meaning between active and middle forms in Greek,with some remarks on active-only and middle-only verbs. In Lecture 23, the chapter passes to Latin and compares certain uses of Latin deponents and passives with those of Greek middles, concluding with some remarks on the endings associated with voice and tense in Greek and Latin. The passive, finally, is discussed first with regard to the various formal ways of expressing it, and then with regard to its use, its patterns of distribution, and its functions. Lecture 25 begins — and this chapter concludes — with discussion of the impersonal passive, and of combinations of infinitive + modal verb in the passive.
David Langslow
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198153023
- eISBN:
- 9780191715211
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198153023.003.0023
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Prose and Writers: Classical, Early, and Medieval
After an introduction to the basic categories of grammatical voice,and the associated terminology, this chapter discusses first (Lectures 21–2) differences of meaning between active and middle forms ...
More
After an introduction to the basic categories of grammatical voice,and the associated terminology, this chapter discusses first (Lectures 21–2) differences of meaning between active and middle forms in Greek, with some remarks on active-only and middle-only verbs. In Lecture 23, the chapter passes to Latin and compares certain uses of Latin deponents and passives with those of Greek middles, concluding with some remarks on the endings associated with voice and tense in Greek and Latin. The passive, finally, is discussed first with regard to the various formal ways of expressing it, and then with regard to its use, its patterns of distribution, and its functions. Lecture 25 begins — and this chapter concludes — with discussion of the impersonal passive, and of combinations of infinitive + modal verb in the passive.Less
After an introduction to the basic categories of grammatical voice,and the associated terminology, this chapter discusses first (Lectures 21–2) differences of meaning between active and middle forms in Greek, with some remarks on active-only and middle-only verbs. In Lecture 23, the chapter passes to Latin and compares certain uses of Latin deponents and passives with those of Greek middles, concluding with some remarks on the endings associated with voice and tense in Greek and Latin. The passive, finally, is discussed first with regard to the various formal ways of expressing it, and then with regard to its use, its patterns of distribution, and its functions. Lecture 25 begins — and this chapter concludes — with discussion of the impersonal passive, and of combinations of infinitive + modal verb in the passive.
David Langslow
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198153023
- eISBN:
- 9780191715211
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198153023.003.0024
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Prose and Writers: Classical, Early, and Medieval
After an introduction to the basic categories of grammatical voice, and the associated terminology,this chapter discusses first (Lectures 21–2) differences of meaning between active and middle forms ...
More
After an introduction to the basic categories of grammatical voice, and the associated terminology,this chapter discusses first (Lectures 21–2) differences of meaning between active and middle forms in Greek, with some remarks on active-only and middle-only verbs. In Lecture 23, the chapter passes to Latin and compares certain uses of Latin deponents and passives with those of Greek middles, concluding with some remarks on the endings associated with voice and tense in Greek and Latin. The passive, finally, is discussed first with regard to the various formal ways of expressing it, and then with regard to its use, its patterns of distribution, and its functions. Lecture 25 begins — and this chapter concludes — with discussion of the impersonal passive, and of combinations of infinitive + modal verb in the passive.Less
After an introduction to the basic categories of grammatical voice, and the associated terminology,this chapter discusses first (Lectures 21–2) differences of meaning between active and middle forms in Greek, with some remarks on active-only and middle-only verbs. In Lecture 23, the chapter passes to Latin and compares certain uses of Latin deponents and passives with those of Greek middles, concluding with some remarks on the endings associated with voice and tense in Greek and Latin. The passive, finally, is discussed first with regard to the various formal ways of expressing it, and then with regard to its use, its patterns of distribution, and its functions. Lecture 25 begins — and this chapter concludes — with discussion of the impersonal passive, and of combinations of infinitive + modal verb in the passive.
Matthew Baerman
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264102
- eISBN:
- 9780191734380
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264102.003.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
This chapter discusses the morphological typology of deponency. It shows that the theoretical interest of deponent verbs in Latin is clear, and that morphological forms are not simply a blind ...
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This chapter discusses the morphological typology of deponency. It shows that the theoretical interest of deponent verbs in Latin is clear, and that morphological forms are not simply a blind reflection of the categories they represent. A mismatch between form and function is discussed, and the active and passive voices in Latin deponents are studied. Other sections in this chapter examine normal realization, lexically specified sets, and the lack of a normal function.Less
This chapter discusses the morphological typology of deponency. It shows that the theoretical interest of deponent verbs in Latin is clear, and that morphological forms are not simply a blind reflection of the categories they represent. A mismatch between form and function is discussed, and the active and passive voices in Latin deponents are studied. Other sections in this chapter examine normal realization, lexically specified sets, and the lack of a normal function.
Nikolaos Lavidas and Dimitra Papangeli
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264102
- eISBN:
- 9780191734380
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264102.003.0005
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
This chapter discusses an investigation of deponent verbs that bear the middle/passive morphology of the Greek language and take an object in the accusative case. It attempts to determine whether ...
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This chapter discusses an investigation of deponent verbs that bear the middle/passive morphology of the Greek language and take an object in the accusative case. It attempts to determine whether there exist any systematic factors from the areas of syntax and semantics that influence the presence of deponent verbs throughout the history of the Greek language. It is concluded that deponent verbs require an independent theoretical explanation, which is drawn from the properties of morphology.Less
This chapter discusses an investigation of deponent verbs that bear the middle/passive morphology of the Greek language and take an object in the accusative case. It attempts to determine whether there exist any systematic factors from the areas of syntax and semantics that influence the presence of deponent verbs throughout the history of the Greek language. It is concluded that deponent verbs require an independent theoretical explanation, which is drawn from the properties of morphology.
John Russell Roberts
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195313932
- eISBN:
- 9780199871926
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195313932.003.0003
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
This chapter explores the ramifications that the attribution to Berkeley of a use theory of meaning has for the interpretation of the divine language thesis, the relationship between individual ...
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This chapter explores the ramifications that the attribution to Berkeley of a use theory of meaning has for the interpretation of the divine language thesis, the relationship between individual spirits, the nature of spirits themselves. It is shown that the basic relations between spirits are normative in nature. For the purposes of elucidation, Berkeley's approach is compared and contrasted with that of Daniel Dennett's “intentional stance”.Less
This chapter explores the ramifications that the attribution to Berkeley of a use theory of meaning has for the interpretation of the divine language thesis, the relationship between individual spirits, the nature of spirits themselves. It is shown that the basic relations between spirits are normative in nature. For the purposes of elucidation, Berkeley's approach is compared and contrasted with that of Daniel Dennett's “intentional stance”.
Bettelou Los
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199274765
- eISBN:
- 9780191705885
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199274765.003.0009
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics
This chapter discusses the rise of to-infinitival Exceptional Case-Marking (ECM) constructions as in, He believes the results to be unscientific, in late Middle English. It argues that a distinction ...
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This chapter discusses the rise of to-infinitival Exceptional Case-Marking (ECM) constructions as in, He believes the results to be unscientific, in late Middle English. It argues that a distinction should be made between the construction after verbs like want (I want you to do it), which appears to arise out of a reanalysis of the to-infinitive as THEME with verbs of commanding and permitting, and the construction after verbs like believe (‘the verbs of thinking and declaring’). It is argued that emergence of ECMs with believe-verbs is connected with changes in information structure causes by the loss of verb-second. The register restriction on this type of ECM, as well as the restriction on embedded subjects (witness *They alleged the results to be unscientific), appears to suggest that the construction is still outside the core grammar of English and requires additional routines (viruses) that are acquired after the core grammar is in place.Less
This chapter discusses the rise of to-infinitival Exceptional Case-Marking (ECM) constructions as in, He believes the results to be unscientific, in late Middle English. It argues that a distinction should be made between the construction after verbs like want (I want you to do it), which appears to arise out of a reanalysis of the to-infinitive as THEME with verbs of commanding and permitting, and the construction after verbs like believe (‘the verbs of thinking and declaring’). It is argued that emergence of ECMs with believe-verbs is connected with changes in information structure causes by the loss of verb-second. The register restriction on this type of ECM, as well as the restriction on embedded subjects (witness *They alleged the results to be unscientific), appears to suggest that the construction is still outside the core grammar of English and requires additional routines (viruses) that are acquired after the core grammar is in place.
Mark Rifkin
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195387179
- eISBN:
- 9780199866786
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195387179.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, American, 18th Century and Early American Literature, American, 19th Century Literature
This chapter examines the texts of Cherokee national governance in the 1810s and 1820s (statutes, the Constitution, and memorials to the U.S.), illustrating how they both respond to U.S. pressures ...
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This chapter examines the texts of Cherokee national governance in the 1810s and 1820s (statutes, the Constitution, and memorials to the U.S.), illustrating how they both respond to U.S. pressures and help consolidate the authority of an elite. Under pressure to speak as a "nation" (a centralized political entity with police powers over its population) so that the U.S. could claim consent for land cessions in treaties, the Cherokees developed a constitutional government modelled on that of the U.S. While the institutions of nationalism resisted removal, they also altered the dynamics of Cherokee governance and political self-representation. Using the notion of passive revolution, the chapter explores how administrative discourses and practices of Cherokee nationalism became a vehicle for those Cherokees literate in English and familiar with U.S. law to support forms of market capitalism and patriarchal inheritance at the expense of traditional town and clan formations.Less
This chapter examines the texts of Cherokee national governance in the 1810s and 1820s (statutes, the Constitution, and memorials to the U.S.), illustrating how they both respond to U.S. pressures and help consolidate the authority of an elite. Under pressure to speak as a "nation" (a centralized political entity with police powers over its population) so that the U.S. could claim consent for land cessions in treaties, the Cherokees developed a constitutional government modelled on that of the U.S. While the institutions of nationalism resisted removal, they also altered the dynamics of Cherokee governance and political self-representation. Using the notion of passive revolution, the chapter explores how administrative discourses and practices of Cherokee nationalism became a vehicle for those Cherokees literate in English and familiar with U.S. law to support forms of market capitalism and patriarchal inheritance at the expense of traditional town and clan formations.
Jay H. Jasonoff
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199249053
- eISBN:
- 9780191719370
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199249053.003.0006
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Semantics and Pragmatics
This chapter begins with a glance backward. If the perfect, middle, and h2e-conjugation endings go back to a single ‘protomiddle’ set, then the nucleus of the h2e-conjugation must reflect the residue ...
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This chapter begins with a glance backward. If the perfect, middle, and h2e-conjugation endings go back to a single ‘protomiddle’ set, then the nucleus of the h2e-conjugation must reflect the residue of pre-PIE protomiddles that were neither renewed as middles nor specialized as resultative-statives (perfects) in late PIE. Late PIE should therefore have had not only h2e-conjugation presents, but also h2e-conjugation aorists. Two such groups of forms can in fact be identified. The chapter focuses on ‘stative-intransitive aorists’, characterized by *o : *e (whence later *o : zero) ablaut and denoting entry into a state. Reflexes are found in the Indo-Iranian ‘passive aorist’, the class V subjunctives of Tocharian, and Hittite hi-verbs of the type la-a-ki ‘bends’, backformed and transitivized from PIE *lógh-e ‘lay down’.Less
This chapter begins with a glance backward. If the perfect, middle, and h2e-conjugation endings go back to a single ‘protomiddle’ set, then the nucleus of the h2e-conjugation must reflect the residue of pre-PIE protomiddles that were neither renewed as middles nor specialized as resultative-statives (perfects) in late PIE. Late PIE should therefore have had not only h2e-conjugation presents, but also h2e-conjugation aorists. Two such groups of forms can in fact be identified. The chapter focuses on ‘stative-intransitive aorists’, characterized by *o : *e (whence later *o : zero) ablaut and denoting entry into a state. Reflexes are found in the Indo-Iranian ‘passive aorist’, the class V subjunctives of Tocharian, and Hittite hi-verbs of the type la-a-ki ‘bends’, backformed and transitivized from PIE *lógh-e ‘lay down’.
Bettelou Los
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199274765
- eISBN:
- 9780191705885
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199274765.003.0010
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics
This chapter presents an account of an unexpected victim of both the rise of the to-infinitive and the loss of verb-second: the ‘ultra-indefinite’ pronoun man. Two factors almost completely destroyed ...
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This chapter presents an account of an unexpected victim of both the rise of the to-infinitive and the loss of verb-second: the ‘ultra-indefinite’ pronoun man. Two factors almost completely destroyed the niche occupied by man in Old English. With to-infinitive clauses increasing at the expense of finite embedded clauses, the frequency of man, as the subject of those finite clauses also decreases, its function taken over by its non-overt counterpart, arbitrary PRO. The second factor is the loss of verb-second, which affected the information structure of the clause and promoted the use of various passive constructions over the use of an active construction with a man subject. Subjects came to play a far more prominent role in maintaining textual cohesion. This left little scope for the indefinite pronoun man, whose main role had been to provide a contentless subject, functionally equivalent to a passive.Less
This chapter presents an account of an unexpected victim of both the rise of the to-infinitive and the loss of verb-second: the ‘ultra-indefinite’ pronoun man. Two factors almost completely destroyed the niche occupied by man in Old English. With to-infinitive clauses increasing at the expense of finite embedded clauses, the frequency of man, as the subject of those finite clauses also decreases, its function taken over by its non-overt counterpart, arbitrary PRO. The second factor is the loss of verb-second, which affected the information structure of the clause and promoted the use of various passive constructions over the use of an active construction with a man subject. Subjects came to play a far more prominent role in maintaining textual cohesion. This left little scope for the indefinite pronoun man, whose main role had been to provide a contentless subject, functionally equivalent to a passive.
