John Campbell, Joey Huston, and Frank Krauss
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- March 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780199652747
- eISBN:
- 9780191749148
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199652747.003.0006
- Subject:
- Physics, Particle Physics / Astrophysics / Cosmology
Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs) are a necessary ingredient in the calculation of cross sections at collider experiments with hadron beams. This chapter explores the techniques of determining the ...
More
Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs) are a necessary ingredient in the calculation of cross sections at collider experiments with hadron beams. This chapter explores the techniques of determining the PDFs and their uncertainties, based on global analyses of data sets arising from a variety of hard-scattering processes. PDFs are determined at leading order, next-to-leading order, and next-to-next-to-leading order, with the corresponding orders of hard coefficients and evolution. Differences in the PDFs of different orders, and in their uncertainties, are described. Combinations of PDFs from different global fitting groups are discussed, and several useful tools for comparisons of PDFs are described.Less
Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs) are a necessary ingredient in the calculation of cross sections at collider experiments with hadron beams. This chapter explores the techniques of determining the PDFs and their uncertainties, based on global analyses of data sets arising from a variety of hard-scattering processes. PDFs are determined at leading order, next-to-leading order, and next-to-next-to-leading order, with the corresponding orders of hard coefficients and evolution. Differences in the PDFs of different orders, and in their uncertainties, are described. Combinations of PDFs from different global fitting groups are discussed, and several useful tools for comparisons of PDFs are described.
John Campbell, Joey Huston, and Frank Krauss
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- March 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780199652747
- eISBN:
- 9780191749148
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199652747.003.0002
- Subject:
- Physics, Particle Physics / Astrophysics / Cosmology
The hard scattering formalism is introduced, starting from a physical picture based on the idea of equivalent quanta borrowed from QED, and the notion of characteristic times. Contact to the standard ...
More
The hard scattering formalism is introduced, starting from a physical picture based on the idea of equivalent quanta borrowed from QED, and the notion of characteristic times. Contact to the standard QCD treatment is made after discussing the running coupling and the Altarelli–Parisi equations for the evolution of parton distribution functions, both for QED and QCD. This allows a development of a space-time picture for hard interactions in hadron collisions, integrating hard production cross sections, initial and final state radiation, hadronization, and multiple parton scattering. The production of a W boson at leading and next-to leading order in QCD is used to exemplify characteristic features of fixed-order perturbation theory, and the results are used for some first phenomenological considerations. After that, the analytic resummation of the W boson transverse momentum is introduced, giving rise to the notion of a Sudakov form factor. The probabilistic interpretation of the Sudakov form factor is used to discuss patterns in jet production in electron-positron annihilation.Less
The hard scattering formalism is introduced, starting from a physical picture based on the idea of equivalent quanta borrowed from QED, and the notion of characteristic times. Contact to the standard QCD treatment is made after discussing the running coupling and the Altarelli–Parisi equations for the evolution of parton distribution functions, both for QED and QCD. This allows a development of a space-time picture for hard interactions in hadron collisions, integrating hard production cross sections, initial and final state radiation, hadronization, and multiple parton scattering. The production of a W boson at leading and next-to leading order in QCD is used to exemplify characteristic features of fixed-order perturbation theory, and the results are used for some first phenomenological considerations. After that, the analytic resummation of the W boson transverse momentum is introduced, giving rise to the notion of a Sudakov form factor. The probabilistic interpretation of the Sudakov form factor is used to discuss patterns in jet production in electron-positron annihilation.
Michael E. Peskin
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- November 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198812180
- eISBN:
- 9780191850301
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198812180.003.0010
- Subject:
- Physics, Particle Physics / Astrophysics / Cosmology, Theoretical, Computational, and Statistical Physics
This chapter describes the description of the proton as a bound state of partons. After a review of the properties of parton distribution functions, it introduces the evidence for a component of the ...
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This chapter describes the description of the proton as a bound state of partons. After a review of the properties of parton distribution functions, it introduces the evidence for a component of the proton responsible for its binding. It introduces the model of strong interactions as mediated by a spin 1 gluon and presents the evidence for this model from event shapes in electron-positron annihilation to hadrons.Less
This chapter describes the description of the proton as a bound state of partons. After a review of the properties of parton distribution functions, it introduces the evidence for a component of the proton responsible for its binding. It introduces the model of strong interactions as mediated by a spin 1 gluon and presents the evidence for this model from event shapes in electron-positron annihilation to hadrons.
Michael E. Peskin
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- November 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198812180
- eISBN:
- 9780191850301
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198812180.003.0009
- Subject:
- Physics, Particle Physics / Astrophysics / Cosmology, Theoretical, Computational, and Statistical Physics
This chapter describes the parton model of the inelastic scattering of electrons from protons, tests of this model, and the use of this model to understand the internal structure of the proton.
This chapter describes the parton model of the inelastic scattering of electrons from protons, tests of this model, and the use of this model to understand the internal structure of the proton.
John Campbell, Joey Huston, and Frank Krauss
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- March 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780199652747
- eISBN:
- 9780191749148
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199652747.001.0001
- Subject:
- Physics, Particle Physics / Astrophysics / Cosmology
The LHC (Large Hadron Collider) will serve as the energy frontier for high-energy physics for the next 20 years. The highlight of the LHC running so far has been the discovery of the Higgs boson, but ...
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The LHC (Large Hadron Collider) will serve as the energy frontier for high-energy physics for the next 20 years. The highlight of the LHC running so far has been the discovery of the Higgs boson, but the LHC programme has also consisted of the measurement of a myriad of other Standard Model processes, as well as searches for Beyond-the-Standard-Model physics, and the discrimination between possible new physics signatures and their Standard Model backgrounds. Essentially all of the physics processes at the LHC depend on quantum chromodynamics, or QCD, in the production, or in the decay stages, or in both. This book has been written as an advanced primer for physics at the LHC, providing a pedagogical guide for the calculation of QCD and Standard Model predictions, using state-of-the-art theoretical frameworks. The predictions are compared to both the legacy data from the Tevatron, as well as the data obtained thus far from the LHC, with intuitive connections between data and theory supplied where possible. The book is written at a level suitable for advanced graduate students, and thus could be used in a graduate course, but is also intended for every physicist interested in physics at the LHC.Less
The LHC (Large Hadron Collider) will serve as the energy frontier for high-energy physics for the next 20 years. The highlight of the LHC running so far has been the discovery of the Higgs boson, but the LHC programme has also consisted of the measurement of a myriad of other Standard Model processes, as well as searches for Beyond-the-Standard-Model physics, and the discrimination between possible new physics signatures and their Standard Model backgrounds. Essentially all of the physics processes at the LHC depend on quantum chromodynamics, or QCD, in the production, or in the decay stages, or in both. This book has been written as an advanced primer for physics at the LHC, providing a pedagogical guide for the calculation of QCD and Standard Model predictions, using state-of-the-art theoretical frameworks. The predictions are compared to both the legacy data from the Tevatron, as well as the data obtained thus far from the LHC, with intuitive connections between data and theory supplied where possible. The book is written at a level suitable for advanced graduate students, and thus could be used in a graduate course, but is also intended for every physicist interested in physics at the LHC.
Laurent Baulieu, John Iliopoulos, and Roland Sénéor
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198788393
- eISBN:
- 9780191830310
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198788393.003.0024
- Subject:
- Physics, Particle Physics / Astrophysics / Cosmology, Theoretical, Computational, and Statistical Physics
The standard model of fundamental interactions. A brief summary of the phenomenology of weak interactions. The construction of the electroweak theory and its experimental consequences. The deep ...
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The standard model of fundamental interactions. A brief summary of the phenomenology of weak interactions. The construction of the electroweak theory and its experimental consequences. The deep inelastic scattering data as a motivation for quantum chromodynamics. Asymptotic freedom and the parton model. Quantum chromodynamics formulated on a space–time lattice. Non-trivial gauge field configurations and instantons. The meaning of the winding number. The strong CP problem and axions.Less
The standard model of fundamental interactions. A brief summary of the phenomenology of weak interactions. The construction of the electroweak theory and its experimental consequences. The deep inelastic scattering data as a motivation for quantum chromodynamics. Asymptotic freedom and the parton model. Quantum chromodynamics formulated on a space–time lattice. Non-trivial gauge field configurations and instantons. The meaning of the winding number. The strong CP problem and axions.
