Charles Travis
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199291465
- eISBN:
- 9780191710667
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199291465.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Language
This chapter focuses on the discussion of language games at the beginning of the Investigations (broadly, in the first twenty-five paragraphs). It shows how there can be room for the parochial in ...
More
This chapter focuses on the discussion of language games at the beginning of the Investigations (broadly, in the first twenty-five paragraphs). It shows how there can be room for the parochial in forming perceptions as to when things will have been described correctly (truly). It does this by discussing and rejecting a principle of Michael Dummett's, namely that any practical ability can be represented in terms of propositional knowledge. It ends by noting that room for the parochial can invoke idealist spectres, and that it is part of Wittgenstein's project to disarm these.Less
This chapter focuses on the discussion of language games at the beginning of the Investigations (broadly, in the first twenty-five paragraphs). It shows how there can be room for the parochial in forming perceptions as to when things will have been described correctly (truly). It does this by discussing and rejecting a principle of Michael Dummett's, namely that any practical ability can be represented in terms of propositional knowledge. It ends by noting that room for the parochial can invoke idealist spectres, and that it is part of Wittgenstein's project to disarm these.
Jeff Spinner‐Halev
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780198297703
- eISBN:
- 9780191602948
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019829770X.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
Arguments are presented for extending diversity in education, with specific reference to the issue of religion, and taking the example of the USA. The arguments advanced also work for other liberal ...
More
Arguments are presented for extending diversity in education, with specific reference to the issue of religion, and taking the example of the USA. The arguments advanced also work for other liberal democracies that include immigrant societies and at least several religions, although they do not where religious identity is tied to national identities. The case is argued for religiously diverse public schools, and the growth and importance of the many parochial schools in the USA is acknowledged. The question of financing parochial schools is addressed. Three ways are discussed as a means of extending diversity: cooperation between public and parochial schools (but without direct funding of parochial schools); the achievement of multiculturalism in public schools by fairly including religious students and perspectives; and the accommodation of religious beliefs in public schools by such means as offering alternative assignments.Less
Arguments are presented for extending diversity in education, with specific reference to the issue of religion, and taking the example of the USA. The arguments advanced also work for other liberal democracies that include immigrant societies and at least several religions, although they do not where religious identity is tied to national identities. The case is argued for religiously diverse public schools, and the growth and importance of the many parochial schools in the USA is acknowledged. The question of financing parochial schools is addressed. Three ways are discussed as a means of extending diversity: cooperation between public and parochial schools (but without direct funding of parochial schools); the achievement of multiculturalism in public schools by fairly including religious students and perspectives; and the accommodation of religious beliefs in public schools by such means as offering alternative assignments.
Steven K. Green
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195399677
- eISBN:
- 9780199777150
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195399677.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity, Religion and Society
This chapter is the first of two to discuss the legal issues surrounding the rise and development of nonsectarian public schooling in America. The controversy, called the “school question,” had two ...
More
This chapter is the first of two to discuss the legal issues surrounding the rise and development of nonsectarian public schooling in America. The controversy, called the “school question,” had two interrelated issues: Protestant religious exercises (including Bible reading) and the funding of Catholic parochial schools. The chapter examines the origins and later modifications of nonsectarianism (led by Horace Mann), early Protestant-Catholic conflicts over Bible reading and funding (including the impact of nativism), and several early legal cases involving funding and Bible reading. The chapter ends with a discussion of the most important Bible reading case of the century, which arose in Cincinnati and concluded with the Ohio Supreme Court banning the religious exercises.Less
This chapter is the first of two to discuss the legal issues surrounding the rise and development of nonsectarian public schooling in America. The controversy, called the “school question,” had two interrelated issues: Protestant religious exercises (including Bible reading) and the funding of Catholic parochial schools. The chapter examines the origins and later modifications of nonsectarianism (led by Horace Mann), early Protestant-Catholic conflicts over Bible reading and funding (including the impact of nativism), and several early legal cases involving funding and Bible reading. The chapter ends with a discussion of the most important Bible reading case of the century, which arose in Cincinnati and concluded with the Ohio Supreme Court banning the religious exercises.
Steven K. Green
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195399677
- eISBN:
- 9780199777150
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195399677.003.0009
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity, Religion and Society
This chapter concludes the examination of the school question by tracing the secularization of the concept of nonsectarianism. It discusses the ongoing Protestant-Catholic conflict over Bible reading ...
More
This chapter concludes the examination of the school question by tracing the secularization of the concept of nonsectarianism. It discusses the ongoing Protestant-Catholic conflict over Bible reading and parochial school funding, the events surrounding the Blaine Amendment (an attempt to resolve the school question through constitutional amendment), and the subsequent decline in Bible reading in schools in the closing decades of the century. It ends with an examination of the leading Bible reading legal cases to demonstrate how judicial attitudes toward legal secularization had evolved by the end of the nineteenth century.Less
This chapter concludes the examination of the school question by tracing the secularization of the concept of nonsectarianism. It discusses the ongoing Protestant-Catholic conflict over Bible reading and parochial school funding, the events surrounding the Blaine Amendment (an attempt to resolve the school question through constitutional amendment), and the subsequent decline in Bible reading in schools in the closing decades of the century. It ends with an examination of the leading Bible reading legal cases to demonstrate how judicial attitudes toward legal secularization had evolved by the end of the nineteenth century.
Timothy Matovina
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691139791
- eISBN:
- 9781400839735
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691139791.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
This chapter demonstrates how national parishes and their parochial schools were among the societal institutions that most effectively fostered the integration of European immigrants and their ...
More
This chapter demonstrates how national parishes and their parochial schools were among the societal institutions that most effectively fostered the integration of European immigrants and their offspring. Attitudes of forced assimilation can lead to frustration and thwart newcomers' desire to integrate. Yet church congregations and organizations remain a refuge for many emigres and can help them and their children and grandchildren adapt to life in the United States. While across generations English language use and other influences of the U.S. milieu are inevitable, the relative success or failure of Latinos' incorporation into the U.S. Catholic Church enhances or inhibits that process. Within the Catholic fold itself, the progression from hospitality to homecoming remains a daunting challenge that many Hispanic ministry leaders concur has only begun to be addressed.Less
This chapter demonstrates how national parishes and their parochial schools were among the societal institutions that most effectively fostered the integration of European immigrants and their offspring. Attitudes of forced assimilation can lead to frustration and thwart newcomers' desire to integrate. Yet church congregations and organizations remain a refuge for many emigres and can help them and their children and grandchildren adapt to life in the United States. While across generations English language use and other influences of the U.S. milieu are inevitable, the relative success or failure of Latinos' incorporation into the U.S. Catholic Church enhances or inhibits that process. Within the Catholic fold itself, the progression from hospitality to homecoming remains a daunting challenge that many Hispanic ministry leaders concur has only begun to be addressed.
Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691151250
- eISBN:
- 9781400838837
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691151250.003.0008
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, History of Economic Thought
This chapter examines the coevolution of two genetically transmitted individual traits, parochialism and altruism, each providing the conditions for the evolutionary success of the other, and both ...
More
This chapter examines the coevolution of two genetically transmitted individual traits, parochialism and altruism, each providing the conditions for the evolutionary success of the other, and both jointly explaining why warfare was so frequent and lethal among early humans. It first considers the tendency of parochial altruists to engage in combat before discussing the results of simulations showing that parochialism and altruism evolve because within-group interactions for which cooperation is possible are characterized by positive assortment, and not because the parochial altruists deliberately associate with like types. It also evaluates experimental evidence that provides a test of the simulation results regarding the coevolution of parochial altruism and war. It suggests that hostility toward outsiders and a warlike disposition could have strengthened the group competition processes essential to the evolution of altruistic cooperation.Less
This chapter examines the coevolution of two genetically transmitted individual traits, parochialism and altruism, each providing the conditions for the evolutionary success of the other, and both jointly explaining why warfare was so frequent and lethal among early humans. It first considers the tendency of parochial altruists to engage in combat before discussing the results of simulations showing that parochialism and altruism evolve because within-group interactions for which cooperation is possible are characterized by positive assortment, and not because the parochial altruists deliberately associate with like types. It also evaluates experimental evidence that provides a test of the simulation results regarding the coevolution of parochial altruism and war. It suggests that hostility toward outsiders and a warlike disposition could have strengthened the group competition processes essential to the evolution of altruistic cooperation.
Frank Prochaska
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199539796
- eISBN:
- 9780191713460
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199539796.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter examines district visiting – the forerunner of social casework – and the changes in society that undermined it. Visiting was the most significant contribution made by organized religion ...
More
This chapter examines district visiting – the forerunner of social casework – and the changes in society that undermined it. Visiting was the most significant contribution made by organized religion to relieving the ills of society in Victorian Britain. The transition to state social work was decisive and its causes included war, church policy and social science. Particular attention is given to the bomb damage to religious institutions during the Second World War, which undermined the parochial system of relief and the traditional pattern of women's work in local charities.Less
This chapter examines district visiting – the forerunner of social casework – and the changes in society that undermined it. Visiting was the most significant contribution made by organized religion to relieving the ills of society in Victorian Britain. The transition to state social work was decisive and its causes included war, church policy and social science. Particular attention is given to the bomb damage to religious institutions during the Second World War, which undermined the parochial system of relief and the traditional pattern of women's work in local charities.
Kathryn Gleadle
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264492
- eISBN:
- 9780191734274
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264492.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
Within their communities, women could act as authoritative public figures in ways that were strikingly at odds with the highly feminized modes of action with which they were associated in the wider ...
More
Within their communities, women could act as authoritative public figures in ways that were strikingly at odds with the highly feminized modes of action with which they were associated in the wider ‘public sphere’ of national campaigns. Gender was always central to individual identity and social interaction, yet in these contexts it was a less obvious predictor of public engagement. Studying the multifarious constructions of women's local personas enables us to focus upon the varying salience of gender in the experiences and representations of publicly active women. This chapter explores the various sites of the ‘parochial realm’, a term used to denote situations characterized by daily, local interaction and personal communication. It focuses on three themes in particular: female economic agency, women's cultural activities, and female philanthropy. Finally, it discusses women's economic activities and local profiles, female philanthropy in relation to politics and community, cultural authority and civic identity, and the significance of female householders as political agents.Less
Within their communities, women could act as authoritative public figures in ways that were strikingly at odds with the highly feminized modes of action with which they were associated in the wider ‘public sphere’ of national campaigns. Gender was always central to individual identity and social interaction, yet in these contexts it was a less obvious predictor of public engagement. Studying the multifarious constructions of women's local personas enables us to focus upon the varying salience of gender in the experiences and representations of publicly active women. This chapter explores the various sites of the ‘parochial realm’, a term used to denote situations characterized by daily, local interaction and personal communication. It focuses on three themes in particular: female economic agency, women's cultural activities, and female philanthropy. Finally, it discusses women's economic activities and local profiles, female philanthropy in relation to politics and community, cultural authority and civic identity, and the significance of female householders as political agents.
Kathryn Gleadle
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264492
- eISBN:
- 9780191734274
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264492.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter considers the public career of Mary Ann Gilbert (1776–1845), a landed proprietor in Eastbourne in East Sussex where she established herself as a leading agricultural expert and poor law ...
More
This chapter considers the public career of Mary Ann Gilbert (1776–1845), a landed proprietor in Eastbourne in East Sussex where she established herself as a leading agricultural expert and poor law reformer. Her activities had a substantial impact on local parochial politics and her work was cited and discussed in parliamentary reports and government commissions. Gilbert personifies the overlapping themes of landownership, local influence, and personal authority. Her ability to construct herself as a female expert through cultural confidence and specialized knowledge, her employment of the varying modes of epistolary exchange, her use of ephemeral print culture, and her relationship with parochial government all emerge as particularly important themes. This chapter examines the salience of dynastic subjectivity as well as Gilbert's public spheres, her marriage, and her role in agricultural reform and the allotment movement during her time.Less
This chapter considers the public career of Mary Ann Gilbert (1776–1845), a landed proprietor in Eastbourne in East Sussex where she established herself as a leading agricultural expert and poor law reformer. Her activities had a substantial impact on local parochial politics and her work was cited and discussed in parliamentary reports and government commissions. Gilbert personifies the overlapping themes of landownership, local influence, and personal authority. Her ability to construct herself as a female expert through cultural confidence and specialized knowledge, her employment of the varying modes of epistolary exchange, her use of ephemeral print culture, and her relationship with parochial government all emerge as particularly important themes. This chapter examines the salience of dynastic subjectivity as well as Gilbert's public spheres, her marriage, and her role in agricultural reform and the allotment movement during her time.
Kathryn Gleadle
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264492
- eISBN:
- 9780191734274
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264492.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter focuses on a family network and considers how the various sites of political engagement — the ‘public’ sphere, the parochial realm, and the family — functioned together in the ...
More
This chapter focuses on a family network and considers how the various sites of political engagement — the ‘public’ sphere, the parochial realm, and the family — functioned together in the construction of subjectivities and political experience. It examines the conceptualization of female influence, the gendered complexities of collaborative authorship, the construction of corporate family identities, the problematic position of women within the civic sphere (as compared to the parochial sphere), and the significance of gendered space for the constitution of female political subjectivity. Since the publication of Clare Midgley's acclaimed study of female anti-slavery activism, the involvement of women in the campaign to liberate slaves in Britain's colonial territories has become a firmly established feature of our understanding of nineteenth-century political culture. This chapter analyses the family network involved in one particular anti-slavery organization: the Society for the Extinction of the Slave Trade and the Civilization of Africa (African Civilization Society), whose founder and leading light, Thomas Fowell Buxton, presented the famous ladies' anti-slavery petition to parliament in 1833.Less
This chapter focuses on a family network and considers how the various sites of political engagement — the ‘public’ sphere, the parochial realm, and the family — functioned together in the construction of subjectivities and political experience. It examines the conceptualization of female influence, the gendered complexities of collaborative authorship, the construction of corporate family identities, the problematic position of women within the civic sphere (as compared to the parochial sphere), and the significance of gendered space for the constitution of female political subjectivity. Since the publication of Clare Midgley's acclaimed study of female anti-slavery activism, the involvement of women in the campaign to liberate slaves in Britain's colonial territories has become a firmly established feature of our understanding of nineteenth-century political culture. This chapter analyses the family network involved in one particular anti-slavery organization: the Society for the Extinction of the Slave Trade and the Civilization of Africa (African Civilization Society), whose founder and leading light, Thomas Fowell Buxton, presented the famous ladies' anti-slavery petition to parliament in 1833.
Thomas J. Curry
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195145694
- eISBN:
- 9780199834129
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195145690.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
Evaluates existing Church–State decisions from the point of view of the interpretation of the First Amendment as a single mandate against the exercise of government jurisdiction in religion. It deals ...
More
Evaluates existing Church–State decisions from the point of view of the interpretation of the First Amendment as a single mandate against the exercise of government jurisdiction in religion. It deals with Church property disputes, government assistance to parochial schools, and government promotion of religion. It also examines claims for exemption for the sake of conscience and how the Court has dealt with these. It shows how the Court can bring its decisions into harmony with an historical understanding of the First Amendment and remedy the disparity that currently exists between the Court's reasoning and the actual decisions it makes.Less
Evaluates existing Church–State decisions from the point of view of the interpretation of the First Amendment as a single mandate against the exercise of government jurisdiction in religion. It deals with Church property disputes, government assistance to parochial schools, and government promotion of religion. It also examines claims for exemption for the sake of conscience and how the Court has dealt with these. It shows how the Court can bring its decisions into harmony with an historical understanding of the First Amendment and remedy the disparity that currently exists between the Court's reasoning and the actual decisions it makes.
Paul Corner
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198730699
- eISBN:
- 9780191741753
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198730699.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
The concluding chapter summarises the various ways in which the fascist party failed in its objectives of national transformation. It argues that the party was central to fascist objectives and that ...
More
The concluding chapter summarises the various ways in which the fascist party failed in its objectives of national transformation. It argues that the party was central to fascist objectives and that the failure of the party signified, in effect, the failure of Fascism. Lack of success is linked to a weak political message and to the unhappy relationship between local and national, with local fascists following narrow, parochial, and personal priorities rather than national, public, objectives, usually to the detriment of the regime, and the central authorities unable to dominate totally these tendencies. The chapter ends with some observations on the fact that, in Italy, use of political power for private ends has not been confined to the fascist period.Less
The concluding chapter summarises the various ways in which the fascist party failed in its objectives of national transformation. It argues that the party was central to fascist objectives and that the failure of the party signified, in effect, the failure of Fascism. Lack of success is linked to a weak political message and to the unhappy relationship between local and national, with local fascists following narrow, parochial, and personal priorities rather than national, public, objectives, usually to the detriment of the regime, and the central authorities unable to dominate totally these tendencies. The chapter ends with some observations on the fact that, in Italy, use of political power for private ends has not been confined to the fascist period.
H. R. French
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199296385
- eISBN:
- 9780191712029
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199296385.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This introductory chapter explains the evolution of current historical thinking about the ‘middle sort of people’. It charts a shift in historical definitions away from the application of ...
More
This introductory chapter explains the evolution of current historical thinking about the ‘middle sort of people’. It charts a shift in historical definitions away from the application of prescriptive economic or social categories, towards those involving status terms with which contemporaries identified. The discussion acknowledges current emphasis on the formative power of culture and language in shaping social identity, but eschews linguistic determinism. Instead, it utilizes recent sociological theory to demonstrate how simultaneous processes of external ‘classification’ (division and naming) and internal ‘identification’ (identifying and grouping) operated to forge social identity in this period. The introduction emphasizes the importance of the civil parish in structuring and containing these formative processes, and suggests that ‘middling’ identity remained tied to and fragmented by parochial loyalties and social perspectives.Less
This introductory chapter explains the evolution of current historical thinking about the ‘middle sort of people’. It charts a shift in historical definitions away from the application of prescriptive economic or social categories, towards those involving status terms with which contemporaries identified. The discussion acknowledges current emphasis on the formative power of culture and language in shaping social identity, but eschews linguistic determinism. Instead, it utilizes recent sociological theory to demonstrate how simultaneous processes of external ‘classification’ (division and naming) and internal ‘identification’ (identifying and grouping) operated to forge social identity in this period. The introduction emphasizes the importance of the civil parish in structuring and containing these formative processes, and suggests that ‘middling’ identity remained tied to and fragmented by parochial loyalties and social perspectives.
H. R. French
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199296385
- eISBN:
- 9780191712029
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199296385.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter examines the language and the economic distinctions through which ‘middling’ status in the parish was expressed. It analyses the terms by which parish rulers expressed their corporate ...
More
This chapter examines the language and the economic distinctions through which ‘middling’ status in the parish was expressed. It analyses the terms by which parish rulers expressed their corporate identity. These were often vague or euphemistic, but the chapter illustrates their potential to conceal distinctions about wealth and power. One particular distinction recurs in all three localities — between ’chief’ and other ‘inhabitants’ — while wider ‘middling’ perspectives appear not to have been applied. The chapter then observes how this distinction matched the distributions of power and authority in parish government. In all three regions, oligarchies of the wealthier ratepayers exercised power over their communities as the self-styled ‘chief inhabitants’. They appear to have conceived of their social status in terms of a position at the top of specific parochial pecking orders, not as part of a wider ‘middle sort’ based on shared ‘bourgeois’ values.Less
This chapter examines the language and the economic distinctions through which ‘middling’ status in the parish was expressed. It analyses the terms by which parish rulers expressed their corporate identity. These were often vague or euphemistic, but the chapter illustrates their potential to conceal distinctions about wealth and power. One particular distinction recurs in all three localities — between ’chief’ and other ‘inhabitants’ — while wider ‘middling’ perspectives appear not to have been applied. The chapter then observes how this distinction matched the distributions of power and authority in parish government. In all three regions, oligarchies of the wealthier ratepayers exercised power over their communities as the self-styled ‘chief inhabitants’. They appear to have conceived of their social status in terms of a position at the top of specific parochial pecking orders, not as part of a wider ‘middle sort’ based on shared ‘bourgeois’ values.
Deborah E. Kanter
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780252042973
- eISBN:
- 9780252051845
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252042973.003.0005
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Latin American Studies
In the 1950s Mexicans moved into Chicago’s Pilsen neighborhood, which had thirteen mostly Slavic parishes. The ensuing ethnic succession challenges the expected narrative of “white flight.” ...
More
In the 1950s Mexicans moved into Chicago’s Pilsen neighborhood, which had thirteen mostly Slavic parishes. The ensuing ethnic succession challenges the expected narrative of “white flight.” Catholicism offered common ground: the desire to maintain parish structures explains European Americans’ willingness to live and worship with Mexican newcomers. Mexican Americans and immigrants faced slights in the pews and at parochial schools, but parishes transitioned from exclusively European American ethnic enclaves to shared congregations. After 1960 some priests added Spanish Masses and celebrated the Virgin of Guadalupe’s feast day, opening the way to Mexican religious devotion. Mexican laypeople, bolstered by Cursillo training, worked with those clergy who acknowledged their distinct needs and strengths. Together they made the parishes Mexican.Less
In the 1950s Mexicans moved into Chicago’s Pilsen neighborhood, which had thirteen mostly Slavic parishes. The ensuing ethnic succession challenges the expected narrative of “white flight.” Catholicism offered common ground: the desire to maintain parish structures explains European Americans’ willingness to live and worship with Mexican newcomers. Mexican Americans and immigrants faced slights in the pews and at parochial schools, but parishes transitioned from exclusively European American ethnic enclaves to shared congregations. After 1960 some priests added Spanish Masses and celebrated the Virgin of Guadalupe’s feast day, opening the way to Mexican religious devotion. Mexican laypeople, bolstered by Cursillo training, worked with those clergy who acknowledged their distinct needs and strengths. Together they made the parishes Mexican.
Aaron James
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199846153
- eISBN:
- 9780199933389
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199846153.003.0003
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
This chapter challenges “realist” skepticism about the applicability of fairness in a politically decentralized global economy. It argues that trade relations are not a situation of anarchy that ...
More
This chapter challenges “realist” skepticism about the applicability of fairness in a politically decentralized global economy. It argues that trade relations are not a situation of anarchy that justifies the suspension of obligations of fair play. The trading system is now a relatively well-assured social practice that gives rise to a collective international responsibility to uphold fair terms of economic cooperation. Trade negotiations are subject to broadly legislative responsibilities. These are inconsistent with the dominant understanding of reciprocity in market access concessions. The chapter also challenges views that limit the scope of social justice to coercive relations found only or largely within the domestic state.Less
This chapter challenges “realist” skepticism about the applicability of fairness in a politically decentralized global economy. It argues that trade relations are not a situation of anarchy that justifies the suspension of obligations of fair play. The trading system is now a relatively well-assured social practice that gives rise to a collective international responsibility to uphold fair terms of economic cooperation. Trade negotiations are subject to broadly legislative responsibilities. These are inconsistent with the dominant understanding of reciprocity in market access concessions. The chapter also challenges views that limit the scope of social justice to coercive relations found only or largely within the domestic state.
Peter Marshall
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198204480
- eISBN:
- 9780191676307
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198204480.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, History of Religion
To be an effective pastor, a priest must naturally reside amongst his people. In this chapter, the alleged failings of the late medieval Church in the provision of pastoral care are presented through ...
More
To be an effective pastor, a priest must naturally reside amongst his people. In this chapter, the alleged failings of the late medieval Church in the provision of pastoral care are presented through several accounts that showcased their negligence, non-residence or appropriation to a religious house, and denial of sacraments due to personal motives. Thus, the fact that the Church made the reception of sacraments an effective condition of salvation, yet could not, through its parochial agents, always guarantee their availability, was a situation that led to potent resentment against the clergies. The author concludes this chapter by suggesting that although attitudes of laypeople towards their pastors never veered from the twin poles of defeated expectation and bare satisfaction, there were some pastors who have been effective and caring, and thus elicited respect and affection from their flock.Less
To be an effective pastor, a priest must naturally reside amongst his people. In this chapter, the alleged failings of the late medieval Church in the provision of pastoral care are presented through several accounts that showcased their negligence, non-residence or appropriation to a religious house, and denial of sacraments due to personal motives. Thus, the fact that the Church made the reception of sacraments an effective condition of salvation, yet could not, through its parochial agents, always guarantee their availability, was a situation that led to potent resentment against the clergies. The author concludes this chapter by suggesting that although attitudes of laypeople towards their pastors never veered from the twin poles of defeated expectation and bare satisfaction, there were some pastors who have been effective and caring, and thus elicited respect and affection from their flock.
Paul C. Gutjahr
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199740420
- eISBN:
- 9780199894703
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199740420.003.0035
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
Chapter thirty-five recounts Hodge’s time as Moderator of the General Assembly in 1846. While Moderator, the Assembly addressed the key issues of slavery and Presbyterian Parochial Schools. In 1847, ...
More
Chapter thirty-five recounts Hodge’s time as Moderator of the General Assembly in 1846. While Moderator, the Assembly addressed the key issues of slavery and Presbyterian Parochial Schools. In 1847, as the outgoing moderator, Hodge preached on the need for a denominational Sustenation Fund.Less
Chapter thirty-five recounts Hodge’s time as Moderator of the General Assembly in 1846. While Moderator, the Assembly addressed the key issues of slavery and Presbyterian Parochial Schools. In 1847, as the outgoing moderator, Hodge preached on the need for a denominational Sustenation Fund.
David Eastwood
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198204817
- eISBN:
- 9780191676406
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198204817.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
The rhythms of rural life and the institutions of the village community offered points of reference and a means of establishing an individual's economic role and social location. This chapter ...
More
The rhythms of rural life and the institutions of the village community offered points of reference and a means of establishing an individual's economic role and social location. This chapter describes the Laws of Settlement and parish vestry. Over 90% of local taxation was absorbed by the parish, and the proportion could rise above 95% when poor-relief expenditure reached unprecedented levels in response to inflated food prices and extensive structural underemployment. The parish vestry and its officers were preoccupied with narrowly parochial concerns and this led to frequent clashes between parish officials and magistrates whose administrative perspective was regional rather than narrowly parochial.Less
The rhythms of rural life and the institutions of the village community offered points of reference and a means of establishing an individual's economic role and social location. This chapter describes the Laws of Settlement and parish vestry. Over 90% of local taxation was absorbed by the parish, and the proportion could rise above 95% when poor-relief expenditure reached unprecedented levels in response to inflated food prices and extensive structural underemployment. The parish vestry and its officers were preoccupied with narrowly parochial concerns and this led to frequent clashes between parish officials and magistrates whose administrative perspective was regional rather than narrowly parochial.
Arvind Sharma
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195679489
- eISBN:
- 9780199081714
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195679489.003.0013
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
This chapter examines the universalist argument for the claim that human rights are Western. Most discussions of human rights assume that the word ‘universal’ is univocal—that it has a single ...
More
This chapter examines the universalist argument for the claim that human rights are Western. Most discussions of human rights assume that the word ‘universal’ is univocal—that it has a single clear-cut meaning, which everybody understands in the same way. It is assumed (1) that what is universal cannot be parochial; (2) that what is parochial cannot be universal; and (3) that whoever questions universal human rights in any way is being parochial. However, such an understanding of the word ‘universal’ overlooks the possibility that what is overtly or putatively parochial may turn out to be universal or at least possess a universal dimension and, conversely, what is overtly or putatively universal may turn out to be parochial, or at least possess a parochial dimension. Human rights are Western in the sense that the concept of the universal with which they work is ‘Western’, or even Christian, even though it is presented in a secular guise. It seems, however, that the conclusion seems to change if the issue of universalism is addressed philosophically rather than historically.Less
This chapter examines the universalist argument for the claim that human rights are Western. Most discussions of human rights assume that the word ‘universal’ is univocal—that it has a single clear-cut meaning, which everybody understands in the same way. It is assumed (1) that what is universal cannot be parochial; (2) that what is parochial cannot be universal; and (3) that whoever questions universal human rights in any way is being parochial. However, such an understanding of the word ‘universal’ overlooks the possibility that what is overtly or putatively parochial may turn out to be universal or at least possess a universal dimension and, conversely, what is overtly or putatively universal may turn out to be parochial, or at least possess a parochial dimension. Human rights are Western in the sense that the concept of the universal with which they work is ‘Western’, or even Christian, even though it is presented in a secular guise. It seems, however, that the conclusion seems to change if the issue of universalism is addressed philosophically rather than historically.
