Gary L. Wenk
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195388541
- eISBN:
- 9780199863587
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195388541.003.0007
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroscience, Neuroendocrine and Autonomic
The anti-histamines you take to treat your cold symptoms make you drowsy while coffee can keep you awake. These two rather complex processes of the brain — waking and sleeping — are partially ...
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The anti-histamines you take to treat your cold symptoms make you drowsy while coffee can keep you awake. These two rather complex processes of the brain — waking and sleeping — are partially controlled by two simple molecules, histamine and adenosine. Histamine is a neurotransmitter; its release from neurons influences our level of arousal throughout the day: more histamine means greater arousal, less histamine function means drowsiness. This is why anti-histamines make you drowsy; they antagonize the ability of adenosine to keep your brain active. When the neurotransmitter adenosine is released in the brain it can bind to receptors that are on acetylcholine neurons. The action of adenosine is to reduce the activity of these neurons making it more difficult to remain awake and pay attention to our surroundings. The longer you are awake the more adenosine is released into the brain. These is partly why being awake for a long time makes you drowsy and why coffee can reduce this feeling and help you stay awake longer.Less
The anti-histamines you take to treat your cold symptoms make you drowsy while coffee can keep you awake. These two rather complex processes of the brain — waking and sleeping — are partially controlled by two simple molecules, histamine and adenosine. Histamine is a neurotransmitter; its release from neurons influences our level of arousal throughout the day: more histamine means greater arousal, less histamine function means drowsiness. This is why anti-histamines make you drowsy; they antagonize the ability of adenosine to keep your brain active. When the neurotransmitter adenosine is released in the brain it can bind to receptors that are on acetylcholine neurons. The action of adenosine is to reduce the activity of these neurons making it more difficult to remain awake and pay attention to our surroundings. The longer you are awake the more adenosine is released into the brain. These is partly why being awake for a long time makes you drowsy and why coffee can reduce this feeling and help you stay awake longer.
Nanshan Zhong and Guangqiao Zeng
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198568193
- eISBN:
- 9780191718175
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198568193.003.0005
- Subject:
- Biology, Disease Ecology / Epidemiology
SARS originated from the Guangdong province of China where it emerged in the autumn of 2002. This chapter presents data that show that there may have been interspecies transmission between wild ...
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SARS originated from the Guangdong province of China where it emerged in the autumn of 2002. This chapter presents data that show that there may have been interspecies transmission between wild animals (e.g., Himalayan Palm Civets) and human beings. It describes the ensuing public health measures that were implemented, the treatment of cases, and the development of an inactivated SARS vaccine.Less
SARS originated from the Guangdong province of China where it emerged in the autumn of 2002. This chapter presents data that show that there may have been interspecies transmission between wild animals (e.g., Himalayan Palm Civets) and human beings. It describes the ensuing public health measures that were implemented, the treatment of cases, and the development of an inactivated SARS vaccine.
Craig Wright
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195124538
- eISBN:
- 9780199868421
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195124538.003.0016
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
This chapter presents a short history of the Palm Sunday procession in the Western Church followed by a more detailed study of that ritual as it unfolded in medieval Chartres, especially using ...
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This chapter presents a short history of the Palm Sunday procession in the Western Church followed by a more detailed study of that ritual as it unfolded in medieval Chartres, especially using ordinals from the diocese. The procession at the cathedral of Chartres is reconstructed, the chants enumerated, and the processional route traced through the streets and into the secondary churches of that city. Finally, to determine what was unique about Palm Sunday in Chartres, the ceremony there is compared to similar practices at other cathedrals in northern France, specifically those at Amiens, Bayeux, Laon, Metz, Paris, Reims, Rouen, Sens, and Soissons. Not until the French Revolution did this colorful Chartres tradition come to an end.Less
This chapter presents a short history of the Palm Sunday procession in the Western Church followed by a more detailed study of that ritual as it unfolded in medieval Chartres, especially using ordinals from the diocese. The procession at the cathedral of Chartres is reconstructed, the chants enumerated, and the processional route traced through the streets and into the secondary churches of that city. Finally, to determine what was unique about Palm Sunday in Chartres, the ceremony there is compared to similar practices at other cathedrals in northern France, specifically those at Amiens, Bayeux, Laon, Metz, Paris, Reims, Rouen, Sens, and Soissons. Not until the French Revolution did this colorful Chartres tradition come to an end.
Richard S. Weiss
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195335231
- eISBN:
- 9780199868803
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195335231.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Hinduism
Siddha medical knowledge has been transmitted for centuries within the paramparai, the hereditary lineage. The knowledge of the lineage was carefully guarded, as knowledge held in secret was an ...
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Siddha medical knowledge has been transmitted for centuries within the paramparai, the hereditary lineage. The knowledge of the lineage was carefully guarded, as knowledge held in secret was an advantage in a competitive medical environment. Siddha vaidyas today continue to draw on the luminous authority of secrecy to promote their medicine, claiming to possess cures for cancer and AIDS and even promising bodily immortality. This chapter explores secrecy in siddha medicine, paying particular attention to the most extraordinary of siddha medical formulations, muppu, an alchemical preparation that is said to cure all ailments. Premodern Tamil medical texts provide much of the source material here.Less
Siddha medical knowledge has been transmitted for centuries within the paramparai, the hereditary lineage. The knowledge of the lineage was carefully guarded, as knowledge held in secret was an advantage in a competitive medical environment. Siddha vaidyas today continue to draw on the luminous authority of secrecy to promote their medicine, claiming to possess cures for cancer and AIDS and even promising bodily immortality. This chapter explores secrecy in siddha medicine, paying particular attention to the most extraordinary of siddha medical formulations, muppu, an alchemical preparation that is said to cure all ailments. Premodern Tamil medical texts provide much of the source material here.
Leofranc Holford-Strevens
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199264827
- eISBN:
- 9780191718403
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199264827.003.0010
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter begins by tracing the separate transmission of Gellius' chapter on the ability of palm-wood, reinterpreted as the palm-tree to resist pressure, which proved congenial to Christians for ...
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This chapter begins by tracing the separate transmission of Gellius' chapter on the ability of palm-wood, reinterpreted as the palm-tree to resist pressure, which proved congenial to Christians for its moral message and their own association of the palm with martyrdom. It is found in florilegia, emblem-books, and even the song ‘Anke van Tharaw’. It is also present in John of Salisbury, from whom it passed into a sermon by Guibert of Tournai, along with other matter from John wrongly ascribed to Gellius. Attention is then paid to fragmentary manuscripts, including a 12th-century bifolium now in Brussels, and copies known to have existed but now lost, one of which was the source of a manuscript now in the Vatican Library (and itself the source of one in Milan) that ends with a tribute to the conciliar Pope Alexander V.Less
This chapter begins by tracing the separate transmission of Gellius' chapter on the ability of palm-wood, reinterpreted as the palm-tree to resist pressure, which proved congenial to Christians for its moral message and their own association of the palm with martyrdom. It is found in florilegia, emblem-books, and even the song ‘Anke van Tharaw’. It is also present in John of Salisbury, from whom it passed into a sermon by Guibert of Tournai, along with other matter from John wrongly ascribed to Gellius. Attention is then paid to fragmentary manuscripts, including a 12th-century bifolium now in Brussels, and copies known to have existed but now lost, one of which was the source of a manuscript now in the Vatican Library (and itself the source of one in Milan) that ends with a tribute to the conciliar Pope Alexander V.
Stephen J. Shoemaker
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199250752
- eISBN:
- 9780191600746
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199250758.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
The first four Christian centuries are remarkably silent regarding the end of the Virgin Mary's life. Only in the later fifth century do we encounter the earliest Dormition traditions. At this point, ...
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The first four Christian centuries are remarkably silent regarding the end of the Virgin Mary's life. Only in the later fifth century do we encounter the earliest Dormition traditions. At this point, there are suddenly several diverse narrative traditions describing the end of Mary's life. They include representatives of three distinct narrative types, the Palm of the Tree of Life narratives, the Bethlehem narratives, and the Coptic narratives, as well as a handful of atypical narratives. The traditions of Ephesus and Constantinople are also briefly considered.Less
The first four Christian centuries are remarkably silent regarding the end of the Virgin Mary's life. Only in the later fifth century do we encounter the earliest Dormition traditions. At this point, there are suddenly several diverse narrative traditions describing the end of Mary's life. They include representatives of three distinct narrative types, the Palm of the Tree of Life narratives, the Bethlehem narratives, and the Coptic narratives, as well as a handful of atypical narratives. The traditions of Ephesus and Constantinople are also briefly considered.
Sergei Zuyev
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199232574
- eISBN:
- 9780191716393
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199232574.003.0016
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Geometry / Topology
Just as queueing theory revolutionized the study of circuit switched telephony in the twentieth century, stochastic geometry is gradually becoming a necessary theoretical tool for modelling and ...
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Just as queueing theory revolutionized the study of circuit switched telephony in the twentieth century, stochastic geometry is gradually becoming a necessary theoretical tool for modelling and analysis of modern telecommunications systems, in which spatial arrangement is typically a crucial consideration in their performance evaluation, optimization or future development. In this survey we aim to summarize the main stochastic geometry models and tools currently used in studying modern telecommunications. We outline specifics of wired, wireless fixed and ad hoc systems and show how stochastic geometry modelling helps in their analysis and optimization. Point and line processes, Palm theory, shot‐noise processes, random tessellations, Boolean models, percolation, random graphs and networks, spatial statistics and optimization: this is a far from exhaustive list of techniques used in studying contemporary telecommunications systems and which we shall briefly discuss.Less
Just as queueing theory revolutionized the study of circuit switched telephony in the twentieth century, stochastic geometry is gradually becoming a necessary theoretical tool for modelling and analysis of modern telecommunications systems, in which spatial arrangement is typically a crucial consideration in their performance evaluation, optimization or future development. In this survey we aim to summarize the main stochastic geometry models and tools currently used in studying modern telecommunications. We outline specifics of wired, wireless fixed and ad hoc systems and show how stochastic geometry modelling helps in their analysis and optimization. Point and line processes, Palm theory, shot‐noise processes, random tessellations, Boolean models, percolation, random graphs and networks, spatial statistics and optimization: this is a far from exhaustive list of techniques used in studying contemporary telecommunications systems and which we shall briefly discuss.
Last Günter
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199232574
- eISBN:
- 9780191716393
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199232574.003.0003
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Geometry / Topology
The theory of Palm measures is developed for the general context of stationary random measures on locally compact second countable groups (not necessarily Abelian). Connections are made with ...
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The theory of Palm measures is developed for the general context of stationary random measures on locally compact second countable groups (not necessarily Abelian). Connections are made with transport kernels, allocation problems and shift coupling.Less
The theory of Palm measures is developed for the general context of stationary random measures on locally compact second countable groups (not necessarily Abelian). Connections are made with transport kernels, allocation problems and shift coupling.
Jeffrey Spivak
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813126432
- eISBN:
- 9780813135663
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813126432.003.0016
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
Buzz and Eta moved to Palm Desert, 140 miles east of Hollywood. They settled for a quieter life, less demanding, in a climate that suited them both. Weather notwithstanding, the fact was that the ...
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Buzz and Eta moved to Palm Desert, 140 miles east of Hollywood. They settled for a quieter life, less demanding, in a climate that suited them both. Weather notwithstanding, the fact was that the Palm Desert abode made Buzz happy. Despite years of inactivity, Buzz retained his membership in the Directors Guild of America. Jumbo had a choppy history. For this film, Buzz's first in almost eight years, his credit was to be “second unit director”. But, Buzz had nothing to do with Jumbo's ultimately disappointing finale, “Sawdust and Spangles and Dreams”. Buzz was correct in his assessment. The film opened in December 1962 to middling reviews and seriously underperforming ticket sales. Buzz returned to the desert and kept himself busy dictating new story ideas to a professional secretary. There were three titles that never found a publisher, if publication was ever pursued.Less
Buzz and Eta moved to Palm Desert, 140 miles east of Hollywood. They settled for a quieter life, less demanding, in a climate that suited them both. Weather notwithstanding, the fact was that the Palm Desert abode made Buzz happy. Despite years of inactivity, Buzz retained his membership in the Directors Guild of America. Jumbo had a choppy history. For this film, Buzz's first in almost eight years, his credit was to be “second unit director”. But, Buzz had nothing to do with Jumbo's ultimately disappointing finale, “Sawdust and Spangles and Dreams”. Buzz was correct in his assessment. The film opened in December 1962 to middling reviews and seriously underperforming ticket sales. Buzz returned to the desert and kept himself busy dictating new story ideas to a professional secretary. There were three titles that never found a publisher, if publication was ever pursued.
Jeffrey Spivak
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813126432
- eISBN:
- 9780813135663
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813126432.003.0019
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
The latter years of Buzz Berkeley's life was marked with tributes and attempts to film his biography. Buzz's palmy days were spent in idle pursuits. There was the occasional round of golf, but he was ...
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The latter years of Buzz Berkeley's life was marked with tributes and attempts to film his biography. Buzz's palmy days were spent in idle pursuits. There was the occasional round of golf, but he was no scratch player. The sweltering summers kept him housebound, and the phone rang infrequently. Buzz was confined to his home, and Etta spent her days doting on her husband. The interviews stopped, his phone went silent, and the motion picture of his life story went no further than the announcement stage. It might have been Gertrude who persuaded her son to keep and treasure his career collectibles. Buzz maintained scrapbooks with hundreds of articles, newspaper clippings, and photographs. On March 14, 1976, Busby Berkeley died due to a combination of acute fatal dysrhythmia and generalized arteriosclerosis, at the age of eighty.Less
The latter years of Buzz Berkeley's life was marked with tributes and attempts to film his biography. Buzz's palmy days were spent in idle pursuits. There was the occasional round of golf, but he was no scratch player. The sweltering summers kept him housebound, and the phone rang infrequently. Buzz was confined to his home, and Etta spent her days doting on her husband. The interviews stopped, his phone went silent, and the motion picture of his life story went no further than the announcement stage. It might have been Gertrude who persuaded her son to keep and treasure his career collectibles. Buzz maintained scrapbooks with hundreds of articles, newspaper clippings, and photographs. On March 14, 1976, Busby Berkeley died due to a combination of acute fatal dysrhythmia and generalized arteriosclerosis, at the age of eighty.
Richard Gray
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263518
- eISBN:
- 9780191734021
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263518.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This lecture discusses William Faulkner's experiences in Hollywood, which he described as a place that worships death and not money. It shows that nearly all of his experiences in Hollywood were bad, ...
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This lecture discusses William Faulkner's experiences in Hollywood, which he described as a place that worships death and not money. It shows that nearly all of his experiences in Hollywood were bad, but were eventually redeemed in part by friendships, most notably with director Howard Hawks. Faulkner also had a passionate affair with Meta Carpenter, Hawks' script clerk. Faulkner is shown to have never fully settled down or felt secure in Hollywood, and eventually things became worse for him as time went on. However, Faulkner was able to recognise the determining significance of Hollywood in his time and culture, and subsequently penned a number of novels and written works, including The Wild Palms. The lecture examines several of Faulkner's works that were written during his stay in Hollywood, most particularly Sanctuary, a notorious and controversial novel during that time.Less
This lecture discusses William Faulkner's experiences in Hollywood, which he described as a place that worships death and not money. It shows that nearly all of his experiences in Hollywood were bad, but were eventually redeemed in part by friendships, most notably with director Howard Hawks. Faulkner also had a passionate affair with Meta Carpenter, Hawks' script clerk. Faulkner is shown to have never fully settled down or felt secure in Hollywood, and eventually things became worse for him as time went on. However, Faulkner was able to recognise the determining significance of Hollywood in his time and culture, and subsequently penned a number of novels and written works, including The Wild Palms. The lecture examines several of Faulkner's works that were written during his stay in Hollywood, most particularly Sanctuary, a notorious and controversial novel during that time.
Gareth Wood
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199651337
- eISBN:
- 9780191741180
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199651337.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature, 20th-century and Contemporary Literature
This chapter takes on further close reading of Marías's translations, on this occasion another of the substantial projects of his early career, translating Sir Thomas Browne. Initially, the chapter ...
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This chapter takes on further close reading of Marías's translations, on this occasion another of the substantial projects of his early career, translating Sir Thomas Browne. Initially, the chapter discusses Marías's dismissal of the Spanish version of William Faulkner's The Wild Palms produced by the Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges. Borges's fame as a polyglot, translator, and writer doubtless underpins Marías's desire to supersede this particular illustrious forerunner. Discussion of Marías's claims in relation to The Wild Palms is used as a way of broaching a comparison of Marías translation of the fifth chapter of Hydriotaphia by Sir Thomas Browne with that produced jointly by Borges and Adolfo Bioy Casares. Browne's treatise on ancient burial rites, and its fifth chapter in particular, are regarded as among the finest pieces of English prose ever written and the analysis of two Spanish versions provides a rich opportunity to examine the relative merits of Marías and Borges as translators. Efraín Kristal's critical study of Borges the translator provides a source for insight into the Borges industry.Less
This chapter takes on further close reading of Marías's translations, on this occasion another of the substantial projects of his early career, translating Sir Thomas Browne. Initially, the chapter discusses Marías's dismissal of the Spanish version of William Faulkner's The Wild Palms produced by the Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges. Borges's fame as a polyglot, translator, and writer doubtless underpins Marías's desire to supersede this particular illustrious forerunner. Discussion of Marías's claims in relation to The Wild Palms is used as a way of broaching a comparison of Marías translation of the fifth chapter of Hydriotaphia by Sir Thomas Browne with that produced jointly by Borges and Adolfo Bioy Casares. Browne's treatise on ancient burial rites, and its fifth chapter in particular, are regarded as among the finest pieces of English prose ever written and the analysis of two Spanish versions provides a rich opportunity to examine the relative merits of Marías and Borges as translators. Efraín Kristal's critical study of Borges the translator provides a source for insight into the Borges industry.
Joel Williamson
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195101294
- eISBN:
- 9780199854233
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195101294.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
The Mansion reflected the saving force in the South that shows the innate goodness in white people of all classes. This optimism was not present in The Sound and the Fury, where ...
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The Mansion reflected the saving force in the South that shows the innate goodness in white people of all classes. This optimism was not present in The Sound and the Fury, where the only saving grace was Dilsey. Light in August, on the other hand, gave the readers an idea of optimism amidst the land of desolation. Faulkner seemed contented when he wrote Light in August. The main character in The Wild Palms found peace in the Parchman penitentiary. Faulkner ended the Snopes trilogy while he was in Virginia. This was when the “the Greenfiled phase” of his work ended. He then began to write The Reivers. This work was a pulling back of the idea that the plain whites were going to save Southern humanity. The main character was Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Priest. In his last years, Faulkner believed that there was an internal being in the end. During this time, he ended the Snopes trilogy.Less
The Mansion reflected the saving force in the South that shows the innate goodness in white people of all classes. This optimism was not present in The Sound and the Fury, where the only saving grace was Dilsey. Light in August, on the other hand, gave the readers an idea of optimism amidst the land of desolation. Faulkner seemed contented when he wrote Light in August. The main character in The Wild Palms found peace in the Parchman penitentiary. Faulkner ended the Snopes trilogy while he was in Virginia. This was when the “the Greenfiled phase” of his work ended. He then began to write The Reivers. This work was a pulling back of the idea that the plain whites were going to save Southern humanity. The main character was Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Priest. In his last years, Faulkner believed that there was an internal being in the end. During this time, he ended the Snopes trilogy.
Justin Willis
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203209
- eISBN:
- 9780191675782
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203209.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter describes how the government controlled trade. Government interference in the trade networks of the coast took two distinct forms. The first was through an attempt to limit participation ...
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This chapter describes how the government controlled trade. Government interference in the trade networks of the coast took two distinct forms. The first was through an attempt to limit participation in certain small-scale trades, notably that of palm wine, which were partly bound up with the clientship networks of Mombasa. The second form of government interference was through an attempt to destroy the influence of Arab and Swahili traders in the hinterland. The Palm Wine Regulations of 1900 were first introduced as a revenue-raising measure. By 1906, palm wine was associated with the shortage of labour on the coast and with the corrupting influence of Mombasa. Effective controls on the trade began after the 1912 labour commission had made a report. The District commissioner sought to fix and limit the trade by giving licences only to those who had permanent premises from which they can sell their wine.Less
This chapter describes how the government controlled trade. Government interference in the trade networks of the coast took two distinct forms. The first was through an attempt to limit participation in certain small-scale trades, notably that of palm wine, which were partly bound up with the clientship networks of Mombasa. The second form of government interference was through an attempt to destroy the influence of Arab and Swahili traders in the hinterland. The Palm Wine Regulations of 1900 were first introduced as a revenue-raising measure. By 1906, palm wine was associated with the shortage of labour on the coast and with the corrupting influence of Mombasa. Effective controls on the trade began after the 1912 labour commission had made a report. The District commissioner sought to fix and limit the trade by giving licences only to those who had permanent premises from which they can sell their wine.
Ronald Hutton
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205708
- eISBN:
- 9780191676758
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205708.003.0018
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter discusses the origins of Holy Week. For medieval clergy and congregations in Britain, the first clear sign that Lent was drawing to a close came upon Palm Sunday, the fifth in the fast, ...
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This chapter discusses the origins of Holy Week. For medieval clergy and congregations in Britain, the first clear sign that Lent was drawing to a close came upon Palm Sunday, the fifth in the fast, with one of the longest passages of ceremony in the whole religious year. Where the Sarum Use was fully observed, it took the following form. This was, at any rate, the sequence of ritual prescribed by the Salisbury tradition by the end of the Middle Ages. What needs to be emphasized now is, first, that it took a long time to evolve, and second, that it was enacted in full in relatively few places. The basic ceremony, that of the procession, was known to St Aldhelm in the seventh century and to Alcuin of York in the eighth. The hallowing of fronds was enjoined in a mid-eighth-century pontifical of Archbishop Egbert of York, and this is Britain's first record of the custom.Less
This chapter discusses the origins of Holy Week. For medieval clergy and congregations in Britain, the first clear sign that Lent was drawing to a close came upon Palm Sunday, the fifth in the fast, with one of the longest passages of ceremony in the whole religious year. Where the Sarum Use was fully observed, it took the following form. This was, at any rate, the sequence of ritual prescribed by the Salisbury tradition by the end of the Middle Ages. What needs to be emphasized now is, first, that it took a long time to evolve, and second, that it was enacted in full in relatively few places. The basic ceremony, that of the procession, was known to St Aldhelm in the seventh century and to Alcuin of York in the eighth. The hallowing of fronds was enjoined in a mid-eighth-century pontifical of Archbishop Egbert of York, and this is Britain's first record of the custom.
Jane O. Newman
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801476594
- eISBN:
- 9780801460883
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801476594.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature
This chapter examines the pattern of quotations in the Tragic Drama and looks at their links to an ideology of nation. The literal production of the tradition of Baroque plays that Benjamin cites can ...
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This chapter examines the pattern of quotations in the Tragic Drama and looks at their links to an ideology of nation. The literal production of the tradition of Baroque plays that Benjamin cites can be witnessed particularly clearly in a late nineteenth-century nationalist edition of the plays of one of the seventeenth-century Silesian playwrights he discusses, namely Andreas Gryphius. Benjamin appears to have owned this volume, which was edited by Hermann Palm. The chapter discusses the Palm Gryphius text in more depth, placing Palm's version of the Baroque in dialogue with several Baroque and “Enlightenment” editions of plays and with the longer tradition of German theater. Finally, the chapter discusses how a non-German playwright like Shakespeare could belong to a “modern” German Baroque.Less
This chapter examines the pattern of quotations in the Tragic Drama and looks at their links to an ideology of nation. The literal production of the tradition of Baroque plays that Benjamin cites can be witnessed particularly clearly in a late nineteenth-century nationalist edition of the plays of one of the seventeenth-century Silesian playwrights he discusses, namely Andreas Gryphius. Benjamin appears to have owned this volume, which was edited by Hermann Palm. The chapter discusses the Palm Gryphius text in more depth, placing Palm's version of the Baroque in dialogue with several Baroque and “Enlightenment” editions of plays and with the longer tradition of German theater. Finally, the chapter discusses how a non-German playwright like Shakespeare could belong to a “modern” German Baroque.
Andrew C. Willford
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780824838942
- eISBN:
- 9780824869649
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824838942.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
In 2006, dejected members of the Bukit Jalil Estate community faced eviction from their homes in Kuala Lumpur where they had lived for generations. City officials classified plantation residents as ...
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In 2006, dejected members of the Bukit Jalil Estate community faced eviction from their homes in Kuala Lumpur where they had lived for generations. City officials classified plantation residents as squatters and questioned any right they might have to stay. This story epitomizes the dilemma faced by Malaysian Tamils in recent years as they confront the collapse of the plantation system where they have lived and worked for generations. Foreign workers have been brought in to replace Tamil workers to cut labor costs. As the new migrant workers do not bring their whole families with them, the community structures need no longer be sustained, allowing more land to be converted to mechanized palm oil production or lucrative housing developments. Tamils find themselves increasingly resentful of the fact that lands that were developed and populated by their ancestors are now claimed by Malays as their own; and that the land use patterns in these new townships, are increasingly hostile to the most symbolic vestiges of the Tamil and Hindu presence, the temples. This book is about the fast-approaching end to a way of life, and addresses critical issues in the study of race and ethnicity. It demonstrates which strategies have been most “successful” in navigating the legal and political system of ethnic entitlement and compensation. It shows how, through a variety of strategies, Tamils try to access justice beyond the law-sometimes by using the law, and sometimes by turning to religious symbols and rituals in the murky space between law and justice.Less
In 2006, dejected members of the Bukit Jalil Estate community faced eviction from their homes in Kuala Lumpur where they had lived for generations. City officials classified plantation residents as squatters and questioned any right they might have to stay. This story epitomizes the dilemma faced by Malaysian Tamils in recent years as they confront the collapse of the plantation system where they have lived and worked for generations. Foreign workers have been brought in to replace Tamil workers to cut labor costs. As the new migrant workers do not bring their whole families with them, the community structures need no longer be sustained, allowing more land to be converted to mechanized palm oil production or lucrative housing developments. Tamils find themselves increasingly resentful of the fact that lands that were developed and populated by their ancestors are now claimed by Malays as their own; and that the land use patterns in these new townships, are increasingly hostile to the most symbolic vestiges of the Tamil and Hindu presence, the temples. This book is about the fast-approaching end to a way of life, and addresses critical issues in the study of race and ethnicity. It demonstrates which strategies have been most “successful” in navigating the legal and political system of ethnic entitlement and compensation. It shows how, through a variety of strategies, Tamils try to access justice beyond the law-sometimes by using the law, and sometimes by turning to religious symbols and rituals in the murky space between law and justice.
Jan Brokken
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781628461855
- eISBN:
- 9781626740914
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781628461855.003.0035
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter is a follow-up anecdote to the concert described in the previous one, Introducing at the very end one, an illegitimate child begot by Edgar Palm, the last great composer of the Palm ...
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This chapter is a follow-up anecdote to the concert described in the previous one, Introducing at the very end one, an illegitimate child begot by Edgar Palm, the last great composer of the Palm dynasty. They had been of Swedish origin who built a bridge between Europe and Afro- Caribbean music.Less
This chapter is a follow-up anecdote to the concert described in the previous one, Introducing at the very end one, an illegitimate child begot by Edgar Palm, the last great composer of the Palm dynasty. They had been of Swedish origin who built a bridge between Europe and Afro- Caribbean music.
Patrick Roberts
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198818496
- eISBN:
- 9780191917264
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198818496.003.0009
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Environmental Archaeology
The transition from the Terminal Pleistocene to the Holocene (c. 12–8 ka) witnessed increasingly intensive human manipulation of plant and animal resources that ...
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The transition from the Terminal Pleistocene to the Holocene (c. 12–8 ka) witnessed increasingly intensive human manipulation of plant and animal resources that resulted in genetic and phenotypic changes in various species as part of what has been termed the ‘origins of agriculture’. This process has been cited as one of the most significant ecological occurrences in human evolutionary history (Bocquet-Appel, 2011; Larson et al., 2014), representing a shift in human interactions with the natural world with global environmental ramifications (Fuller et al., 2011a; Boivin et al., 2016). Martin Jones (2007) has also discussed the cultural and social changes resulting from the new spatial and practical proximity of domesticated plants and animals that made them effectively ‘family’ or ‘kin’. The tropics have, for a long time, been left out of discussions of this process, with poor preservation conditions considered unlikely to produce incipient crop or animal domesticate remains and some even arguing that the wet and acidic soils of tropical forests were too poor to support agriculture (Meggers, 1971, 1977, 1987; Grollemund et al., 2015). Nevertheless, emerging datasets from Melanesia, North and Central America, South America, and Africa are demonstrating that cultivation and, to a lesser extent, herding practices also emerged indigenously in these regions and, in some cases, perhaps as early as the traditional focus point of the ‘Fertile Crescent’ in the Near East. Moreover, these examples are having significant impacts on the way we conceptualize the emergence of ‘agriculture’ and the adaptive and social changes required (Denham et al., 2004, 2009; Barton and Denham, 2011). Here, I explore the distinctive nature of early agricultures in tropical forest environments. I also evaluate their predecessors in the form of human management including forest burning to stimulate faunal and floral growth and diversity, the deliberate movement of faunal species into tropical forest environments, and the emergence of arboriculture cultivation. In doing so, I document how the species and strategies involved in these processes differ globally with varying tropical forest formations, ranging from a focus on long-term forest interaction, drainage system construction, and tree-cropping in Melanesia (Denham et al., 2003; Denham, 2011) to diverse hunting, fishing, and cultivation strategies in theAmazon (Roosevelt, 2000; Meggers and Miller, 2002).
Less
The transition from the Terminal Pleistocene to the Holocene (c. 12–8 ka) witnessed increasingly intensive human manipulation of plant and animal resources that resulted in genetic and phenotypic changes in various species as part of what has been termed the ‘origins of agriculture’. This process has been cited as one of the most significant ecological occurrences in human evolutionary history (Bocquet-Appel, 2011; Larson et al., 2014), representing a shift in human interactions with the natural world with global environmental ramifications (Fuller et al., 2011a; Boivin et al., 2016). Martin Jones (2007) has also discussed the cultural and social changes resulting from the new spatial and practical proximity of domesticated plants and animals that made them effectively ‘family’ or ‘kin’. The tropics have, for a long time, been left out of discussions of this process, with poor preservation conditions considered unlikely to produce incipient crop or animal domesticate remains and some even arguing that the wet and acidic soils of tropical forests were too poor to support agriculture (Meggers, 1971, 1977, 1987; Grollemund et al., 2015). Nevertheless, emerging datasets from Melanesia, North and Central America, South America, and Africa are demonstrating that cultivation and, to a lesser extent, herding practices also emerged indigenously in these regions and, in some cases, perhaps as early as the traditional focus point of the ‘Fertile Crescent’ in the Near East. Moreover, these examples are having significant impacts on the way we conceptualize the emergence of ‘agriculture’ and the adaptive and social changes required (Denham et al., 2004, 2009; Barton and Denham, 2011). Here, I explore the distinctive nature of early agricultures in tropical forest environments. I also evaluate their predecessors in the form of human management including forest burning to stimulate faunal and floral growth and diversity, the deliberate movement of faunal species into tropical forest environments, and the emergence of arboriculture cultivation. In doing so, I document how the species and strategies involved in these processes differ globally with varying tropical forest formations, ranging from a focus on long-term forest interaction, drainage system construction, and tree-cropping in Melanesia (Denham et al., 2003; Denham, 2011) to diverse hunting, fishing, and cultivation strategies in theAmazon (Roosevelt, 2000; Meggers and Miller, 2002).
Christine Ardalan
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780813066158
- eISBN:
- 9780813058368
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813066158.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter explores the influence of the Red Cross Nursing Service in Florida after World War I when the American Red Cross focused on public health nursing. Central leadership from its Washington, ...
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This chapter explores the influence of the Red Cross Nursing Service in Florida after World War I when the American Red Cross focused on public health nursing. Central leadership from its Washington, DC headquarters directed policies and values that guided Red Cross nurses into the southernmost state. The policies and the nurses themselves illuminated the connections between the Red Cross, race, class, and a population in dire need of healthcare. Becuase the Red Cross was to some extentcolorblind with its policies and nurse recruitment, it paved the way for black public health nurses to forge new paths. From local Red Cross chapters, the white and few black nurses began to establish links with the communities. The Home Hygiene and Care of the Sick classes offered a particularly important means to serve all, regardless of race. The aftermath of Florida’s 1928 hurricane highlighted the more racially open policy towards the employment of African American nurses. Rosa Brown demonstrated the need for public health nurses to improve health in the neglected rural areas of Palm Beach County.Less
This chapter explores the influence of the Red Cross Nursing Service in Florida after World War I when the American Red Cross focused on public health nursing. Central leadership from its Washington, DC headquarters directed policies and values that guided Red Cross nurses into the southernmost state. The policies and the nurses themselves illuminated the connections between the Red Cross, race, class, and a population in dire need of healthcare. Becuase the Red Cross was to some extentcolorblind with its policies and nurse recruitment, it paved the way for black public health nurses to forge new paths. From local Red Cross chapters, the white and few black nurses began to establish links with the communities. The Home Hygiene and Care of the Sick classes offered a particularly important means to serve all, regardless of race. The aftermath of Florida’s 1928 hurricane highlighted the more racially open policy towards the employment of African American nurses. Rosa Brown demonstrated the need for public health nurses to improve health in the neglected rural areas of Palm Beach County.
