Garren Mulloy
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- January 2022
- ISBN:
- 9780197606155
- eISBN:
- 9780197632932
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780197606155.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Military History
Contemporary Japanese defense involves greater integration of civilian and military aspects and interdependence of domestic, regional, and global aspects than in previous periods. This chapter ...
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Contemporary Japanese defense involves greater integration of civilian and military aspects and interdependence of domestic, regional, and global aspects than in previous periods. This chapter identifies how the Japan Self-Defense Forces adapted, in material ways, but also in recruitment, training, culture, and civil cooperation, with capabilities adapting to emergent challenges, particularly from China and North Korea. Civil-military and US-Japan alliance cooperation reached ultimate fulfilment in the aftermath of the 2011 earthquake and tsunami, when the Forces demonstrated their extensive disaster relief and civil support skills honed through decades of domestic and overseas missions, as well as the inherent value of US alliance training and international engagement for Japan’s national and human security. The importance of building international relations was evident as Abe Shinzo sought to buttress Japan’s alliance with new partnerships and cooperative mechanisms, including the Quad and Free and Open Indo-Pacific, within which the Forces were expected to play prominent symbolic and functional roles. The irony is that the Forces reconfigured with more mobile, agile, and amphibious capabilities, for increased international roles as Japan’s peacekeeping and other overseas missions were withering, regional security challenges re-focusing resources and efforts towards near and national defense.Less
Contemporary Japanese defense involves greater integration of civilian and military aspects and interdependence of domestic, regional, and global aspects than in previous periods. This chapter identifies how the Japan Self-Defense Forces adapted, in material ways, but also in recruitment, training, culture, and civil cooperation, with capabilities adapting to emergent challenges, particularly from China and North Korea. Civil-military and US-Japan alliance cooperation reached ultimate fulfilment in the aftermath of the 2011 earthquake and tsunami, when the Forces demonstrated their extensive disaster relief and civil support skills honed through decades of domestic and overseas missions, as well as the inherent value of US alliance training and international engagement for Japan’s national and human security. The importance of building international relations was evident as Abe Shinzo sought to buttress Japan’s alliance with new partnerships and cooperative mechanisms, including the Quad and Free and Open Indo-Pacific, within which the Forces were expected to play prominent symbolic and functional roles. The irony is that the Forces reconfigured with more mobile, agile, and amphibious capabilities, for increased international roles as Japan’s peacekeeping and other overseas missions were withering, regional security challenges re-focusing resources and efforts towards near and national defense.
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226355597
- eISBN:
- 9780226355610
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226355610.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
The Jesuits who first made the arduous journey to the mission fields of late imperial China lived a wide variety of lives within the mission. But the most enduring guise they assumed in the Middle ...
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The Jesuits who first made the arduous journey to the mission fields of late imperial China lived a wide variety of lives within the mission. But the most enduring guise they assumed in the Middle Kingdom is arguably the most peculiar: that of the missionary as a man of scientific expertise, whose maps, clocks, astrolabes, and armillaries apparently astonished the Chinese. Jesuit willingness to “become all things to all” tells us something about the preconditions for the various masks that early modern members of the Society of Jesus wore in the course of their journeys through so many mission fields and worlds of profane learning. It tells us little, however, about how and why certain “personations” became part of the Society of Jesus's repertoire. This book investigates the various scientific lives of the China Jesuits from a different perspective: their own. It examines how Jesuits in the overseas missions went about telling their stories by providing a genealogy of the early modern “missionary-scientist” that maps the family of personae structuring Jesuit scientific lives in the Chinese mission field.Less
The Jesuits who first made the arduous journey to the mission fields of late imperial China lived a wide variety of lives within the mission. But the most enduring guise they assumed in the Middle Kingdom is arguably the most peculiar: that of the missionary as a man of scientific expertise, whose maps, clocks, astrolabes, and armillaries apparently astonished the Chinese. Jesuit willingness to “become all things to all” tells us something about the preconditions for the various masks that early modern members of the Society of Jesus wore in the course of their journeys through so many mission fields and worlds of profane learning. It tells us little, however, about how and why certain “personations” became part of the Society of Jesus's repertoire. This book investigates the various scientific lives of the China Jesuits from a different perspective: their own. It examines how Jesuits in the overseas missions went about telling their stories by providing a genealogy of the early modern “missionary-scientist” that maps the family of personae structuring Jesuit scientific lives in the Chinese mission field.
Clive Murray Norris
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- February 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198796411
- eISBN:
- 9780191837692
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198796411.003.0010
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
This chapter examines three other important areas of Wesleyan Methodist activity. Educational activities included the Kingswood boarding school, the payment of educational allowances to preachers’ ...
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This chapter examines three other important areas of Wesleyan Methodist activity. Educational activities included the Kingswood boarding school, the payment of educational allowances to preachers’ children, and the provision of Sunday schools. None of these was a drain on central Connexional resources. Wesley’s Methodists did not separate their welfare activities from their spiritual work. They included Wesley’s personal giving and charitable work; local societies’ poor relief, whether corporate or by individuals; and the Stranger’s Friend Societies and other wider outreach. Again, the Connexion’s financial exposure was minimal. The movement’s overseas missions were organized and largely financed by a Connexional leader, Thomas Coke. However, in the 1790s the leadership became concerned about his growing and long-term financial needs and the consequent risks, and gradually took over responsibility for the missions.Less
This chapter examines three other important areas of Wesleyan Methodist activity. Educational activities included the Kingswood boarding school, the payment of educational allowances to preachers’ children, and the provision of Sunday schools. None of these was a drain on central Connexional resources. Wesley’s Methodists did not separate their welfare activities from their spiritual work. They included Wesley’s personal giving and charitable work; local societies’ poor relief, whether corporate or by individuals; and the Stranger’s Friend Societies and other wider outreach. Again, the Connexion’s financial exposure was minimal. The movement’s overseas missions were organized and largely financed by a Connexional leader, Thomas Coke. However, in the 1790s the leadership became concerned about his growing and long-term financial needs and the consequent risks, and gradually took over responsibility for the missions.
Clive Murray Norris
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- February 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198796411
- eISBN:
- 9780191837692
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198796411.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
This is a ‘business history’ of John Wesley’s Methodist ‘Connexion’, which began small-scale in the late 1730s but by 1800 was a substantial operation, present throughout the British Isles and ...
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This is a ‘business history’ of John Wesley’s Methodist ‘Connexion’, which began small-scale in the late 1730s but by 1800 was a substantial operation, present throughout the British Isles and abroad, employing hundreds of staff, and running hundreds of buildings. It is based primarily on the analysis of the movement’s local and national financial records. It describes how its main activities—preaching and the provision of chapels—were organized and financed, and similarly reviews Methodist educational and welfare programmes and overseas missions. It discusses the complex financial relationships between the local societies and the wider movement, and the commercial history of the in-house publishing house, the Book Room. All this is placed within the context of practice amongst other eighteenth-century religious movements. A key theme is the constant struggle between Methodists’ urge to recruit new members and expand their work, and the financial constraints faced by a movement with a predominantly working-class membership. This prompted the adoption of a wide range of financial strategies and techniques. Although it retained the capacity to attract and enthuse thousands of people, rich and poor, and embraced both the demands and the opportunities of the vibrant British market economy, the movement paid a price for its continued expansion. A hidden elite of preachers and businessmen became highly influential, and there was a general increase in the power of those with money. Such developments undermined—but did not destroy—the founders’ original vision for the movement.Less
This is a ‘business history’ of John Wesley’s Methodist ‘Connexion’, which began small-scale in the late 1730s but by 1800 was a substantial operation, present throughout the British Isles and abroad, employing hundreds of staff, and running hundreds of buildings. It is based primarily on the analysis of the movement’s local and national financial records. It describes how its main activities—preaching and the provision of chapels—were organized and financed, and similarly reviews Methodist educational and welfare programmes and overseas missions. It discusses the complex financial relationships between the local societies and the wider movement, and the commercial history of the in-house publishing house, the Book Room. All this is placed within the context of practice amongst other eighteenth-century religious movements. A key theme is the constant struggle between Methodists’ urge to recruit new members and expand their work, and the financial constraints faced by a movement with a predominantly working-class membership. This prompted the adoption of a wide range of financial strategies and techniques. Although it retained the capacity to attract and enthuse thousands of people, rich and poor, and embraced both the demands and the opportunities of the vibrant British market economy, the movement paid a price for its continued expansion. A hidden elite of preachers and businessmen became highly influential, and there was a general increase in the power of those with money. Such developments undermined—but did not destroy—the founders’ original vision for the movement.
