Geoffrey Jones
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- April 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199272099
- eISBN:
- 9780191602184
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199272093.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
The organisational history of multinationals involved a constant search for the most effective means to control and benefit from cross-border operations. Variants of the multinational, international, ...
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The organisational history of multinationals involved a constant search for the most effective means to control and benefit from cross-border operations. Variants of the multinational, international, global, and even transnational organisational forms coexisted as firms sought ways to achieve efficiency, local responsiveness, and knowledge transfer. Forms varied widely between industries, and within industries.Less
The organisational history of multinationals involved a constant search for the most effective means to control and benefit from cross-border operations. Variants of the multinational, international, global, and even transnational organisational forms coexisted as firms sought ways to achieve efficiency, local responsiveness, and knowledge transfer. Forms varied widely between industries, and within industries.
Nils Brunsson
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199256952
- eISBN:
- 9780191716508
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199256952.003.0011
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Knowledge Management
Great uniformity can exist across space but a small one across time. Many actors share similarities in each period but the characteristics that are similar are not stable. Instead, these ...
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Great uniformity can exist across space but a small one across time. Many actors share similarities in each period but the characteristics that are similar are not stable. Instead, these characteristics are different in different periods. The combination of a high degree of uniformity in space and diversity or variation across time is commonly known as fashion. In this chapter, it is called fashion trend, which may refer to clothing style or car model and be ultimately concerned with aesthetics. Fashion trends also exist in other areas that are usually considered more technical, such as techniques used to achieve certain goals in business, politics, or child care. Fashion trends may result from standardization; change occurs when adopters of standards begin to do things differently after a time. The chapter discusses the cropping-up model of organizational forms, reforms, and discourse.Less
Great uniformity can exist across space but a small one across time. Many actors share similarities in each period but the characteristics that are similar are not stable. Instead, these characteristics are different in different periods. The combination of a high degree of uniformity in space and diversity or variation across time is commonly known as fashion. In this chapter, it is called fashion trend, which may refer to clothing style or car model and be ultimately concerned with aesthetics. Fashion trends also exist in other areas that are usually considered more technical, such as techniques used to achieve certain goals in business, politics, or child care. Fashion trends may result from standardization; change occurs when adopters of standards begin to do things differently after a time. The chapter discusses the cropping-up model of organizational forms, reforms, and discourse.
Gail Hebson and Irena Grugulis
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199262236
- eISBN:
- 9780191698859
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199262236.003.0010
- Subject:
- Business and Management, HRM / IR, Organization Studies
This chapter explores changing organizational forms from a gendered perspective. The first section discusses whether fluid organizational boundaries challenge gender segregation by identifying the ...
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This chapter explores changing organizational forms from a gendered perspective. The first section discusses whether fluid organizational boundaries challenge gender segregation by identifying the differential impacts new organizational forms have upon women and men's jobs, and whether there is any evidence of women and men entering non-traditional forms of work. The second section focuses on the ‘relational’ work that is required in new organizational forms and whether this is gendered work. The third section provides an analysis of gendered cultures and identities in the case study organizations, building upon Acker's (1990, 1992) account of the gendering of organizations which highlights the myriad of ways that gender divisions are created in organizations, including the creation of symbols, images, and forms of consciousness that explicate and justify gender divisions; interactions between individuals; and the internal mental work of individuals as they consciously construct their gendered understandings and identities within the structure of work and opportunities available.Less
This chapter explores changing organizational forms from a gendered perspective. The first section discusses whether fluid organizational boundaries challenge gender segregation by identifying the differential impacts new organizational forms have upon women and men's jobs, and whether there is any evidence of women and men entering non-traditional forms of work. The second section focuses on the ‘relational’ work that is required in new organizational forms and whether this is gendered work. The third section provides an analysis of gendered cultures and identities in the case study organizations, building upon Acker's (1990, 1992) account of the gendering of organizations which highlights the myriad of ways that gender divisions are created in organizations, including the creation of symbols, images, and forms of consciousness that explicate and justify gender divisions; interactions between individuals; and the internal mental work of individuals as they consciously construct their gendered understandings and identities within the structure of work and opportunities available.
Damian Grimshaw, Mick Marchington, Jill Rubery, and Hugh Willmott
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199262236
- eISBN:
- 9780191698859
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199262236.003.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, HRM / IR, Organization Studies
This introductory chapter begins with a discussion of the blurring of organizational boundaries and fragmentation of work, which are increasing uncertainty and ambiguity in employment relations. It ...
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This introductory chapter begins with a discussion of the blurring of organizational boundaries and fragmentation of work, which are increasing uncertainty and ambiguity in employment relations. It considers popular accounts of new organizational forms and then turns to academic literature on fragmentation. This is followed by a description of the research project presented in this book.Less
This introductory chapter begins with a discussion of the blurring of organizational boundaries and fragmentation of work, which are increasing uncertainty and ambiguity in employment relations. It considers popular accounts of new organizational forms and then turns to academic literature on fragmentation. This is followed by a description of the research project presented in this book.
W. Mark Fruin
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198288985
- eISBN:
- 9780191596285
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198288980.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter examines the institutional environment of late nineteenth and early twentieth‐century Japan, highlighting the role of government and emerging private firms in shaping the business and ...
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This chapter examines the institutional environment of late nineteenth and early twentieth‐century Japan, highlighting the role of government and emerging private firms in shaping the business and economic environment of early modern Japan. It argues that the government tried to foster cooperation among Japan's nascent firms while the firms themselves more often adopted a competitive stance. The different sections of the chapter discuss the distinctiveness of the early Japanese enterprise system, the institutional context of the corporation, the emergence of the modern enterprise system, the evolution of business traditions, comparative perspectives on organizational forms and attributes, the modern corporate system, and the role of entrepreneurs and new methods and motivation within this.Less
This chapter examines the institutional environment of late nineteenth and early twentieth‐century Japan, highlighting the role of government and emerging private firms in shaping the business and economic environment of early modern Japan. It argues that the government tried to foster cooperation among Japan's nascent firms while the firms themselves more often adopted a competitive stance. The different sections of the chapter discuss the distinctiveness of the early Japanese enterprise system, the institutional context of the corporation, the emergence of the modern enterprise system, the evolution of business traditions, comparative perspectives on organizational forms and attributes, the modern corporate system, and the role of entrepreneurs and new methods and motivation within this.
Henk W. Volberda
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198295952
- eISBN:
- 9780191685163
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198295952.003.0096
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Strategy, Organization Studies
Significant changes that redefine the competitive environment have driven various organizations to re-examine their organization designs and flexible capabilities. Since an ideal flexible form has ...
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Significant changes that redefine the competitive environment have driven various organizations to re-examine their organization designs and flexible capabilities. Since an ideal flexible form has yet to be determined and described, managers in contemporary firms have proceeded with different organizational experiments even without models or theories. However, firms in today's hypercompetitive environments have continued to develop and identify new advantages that result in a temporary disequilibrium. New organizational forms are needed so that opportunities may be explored and utilized effectively, strategic focus must be easily changed, and values and norms have to be considered. From the framework illustrated in the previous chapter, we identify three optimal organizational forms that link the competitive environments with effective organization designs and flexibility types.Less
Significant changes that redefine the competitive environment have driven various organizations to re-examine their organization designs and flexible capabilities. Since an ideal flexible form has yet to be determined and described, managers in contemporary firms have proceeded with different organizational experiments even without models or theories. However, firms in today's hypercompetitive environments have continued to develop and identify new advantages that result in a temporary disequilibrium. New organizational forms are needed so that opportunities may be explored and utilized effectively, strategic focus must be easily changed, and values and norms have to be considered. From the framework illustrated in the previous chapter, we identify three optimal organizational forms that link the competitive environments with effective organization designs and flexibility types.
EWAN FERLIE, LYNN ASHBURNER, LOUISE FITZGERALD, and ANDREW PETTIGREW
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198289029
- eISBN:
- 9780191684661
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198289029.003.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Public Management, Organization Studies
With the rise of new organizational forms, roles, and cultures in the 1980s, something had to be done about the management and organization of the UK public services, particularly on issues regarding ...
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With the rise of new organizational forms, roles, and cultures in the 1980s, something had to be done about the management and organization of the UK public services, particularly on issues regarding due process, equity, probity, and accountability. This chapter introduces the ‘New Public Management’ while explaining how public sector settings are essential in analysing organizations. By providing an overview of the theoretical and substantial context of the changes in the structure and management of the public sector, this chapter is able to discuss how shifting managerial ideologies affects the actual managerial processes. It also explains four different models of New Public Management and analyses these from an Anglo-Saxon and a generally European viewpoint.Less
With the rise of new organizational forms, roles, and cultures in the 1980s, something had to be done about the management and organization of the UK public services, particularly on issues regarding due process, equity, probity, and accountability. This chapter introduces the ‘New Public Management’ while explaining how public sector settings are essential in analysing organizations. By providing an overview of the theoretical and substantial context of the changes in the structure and management of the public sector, this chapter is able to discuss how shifting managerial ideologies affects the actual managerial processes. It also explains four different models of New Public Management and analyses these from an Anglo-Saxon and a generally European viewpoint.
Henk W. Volberda
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198295952
- eISBN:
- 9780191685163
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198295952.003.0117
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Strategy, Organization Studies
Experimentations with new and different types of flexible organizational forms have emerged from competitive forces that have become increasingly changing. While some companies and managers have ...
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Experimentations with new and different types of flexible organizational forms have emerged from competitive forces that have become increasingly changing. While some companies and managers have attempted several organizational experiments even without guidance from research, others have been emulating successful organizational forms without fully understanding the implications of the changing competitive forces. The need therefore arises to establish a theoretical framework for understanding and managing the future flexible forms. In this concluding chapter, we look into both the theoretical and managerial implications of the typology and strategic framework constructed and identified in this book through analysing how our discoveries are based on observations, and realizing that the logic of discovery is not to be perceived as something as comprehensive as reality.Less
Experimentations with new and different types of flexible organizational forms have emerged from competitive forces that have become increasingly changing. While some companies and managers have attempted several organizational experiments even without guidance from research, others have been emulating successful organizational forms without fully understanding the implications of the changing competitive forces. The need therefore arises to establish a theoretical framework for understanding and managing the future flexible forms. In this concluding chapter, we look into both the theoretical and managerial implications of the typology and strategic framework constructed and identified in this book through analysing how our discoveries are based on observations, and realizing that the logic of discovery is not to be perceived as something as comprehensive as reality.
Terry McNulty and Ewan Ferlie
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199269075
- eISBN:
- 9780191699351
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199269075.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Public Management, Organization Studies
Organizations are being urged to experiment with new structures and processes. A ‘process perspective’ on organizing is emerging as a major challenge to ‘functional’ principles of organizing ...
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Organizations are being urged to experiment with new structures and processes. A ‘process perspective’ on organizing is emerging as a major challenge to ‘functional’ principles of organizing established during the last century. Business process reengineering is one exemple of process thinking that has received great attention amongst organizational theorists and practitioners. This in-depth account of business process reengineering within a major NHS hospital is an important contribution to the very limited stock of empirical knowledge about new organizational forms, especially in the public sector. The book combines empirical data gathered through an intensive, comparative case study method with strategic choice and neo-institutional theories to analyse the changing context of public organizations, the importation of models of organizing from private to public organizations, and the dynamics of public sector transformation. The outcomes of the change programme add to our more general organizational knowledge about the impact of corporate change programmes, particularly in professionalized and public sector settings, impediments and enablers of lateral organizing structures and processes, and contradictions within the New Public Management between functional and process principles for organizing.Less
Organizations are being urged to experiment with new structures and processes. A ‘process perspective’ on organizing is emerging as a major challenge to ‘functional’ principles of organizing established during the last century. Business process reengineering is one exemple of process thinking that has received great attention amongst organizational theorists and practitioners. This in-depth account of business process reengineering within a major NHS hospital is an important contribution to the very limited stock of empirical knowledge about new organizational forms, especially in the public sector. The book combines empirical data gathered through an intensive, comparative case study method with strategic choice and neo-institutional theories to analyse the changing context of public organizations, the importation of models of organizing from private to public organizations, and the dynamics of public sector transformation. The outcomes of the change programme add to our more general organizational knowledge about the impact of corporate change programmes, particularly in professionalized and public sector settings, impediments and enablers of lateral organizing structures and processes, and contradictions within the New Public Management between functional and process principles for organizing.
Fergus Murray and Hugh Willmott
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198289395
- eISBN:
- 9780191684692
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198289395.003.0008
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Information Technology
This chapter evaluates the role allocated to technology within current ideas on the development of new organizational forms — and in particular the notion of networked organizations. Critical of the ...
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This chapter evaluates the role allocated to technology within current ideas on the development of new organizational forms — and in particular the notion of networked organizations. Critical of the hyperbole that has surrounded the notion of networking, and related initiatives such as business process re-engineering, the authors emphasize the importance of trust in the negotiation of working practices. They also stress that the problem of realizing the vision of networking is ultimately a political one, challenging the status quo that inheres in many present-day organizations.Less
This chapter evaluates the role allocated to technology within current ideas on the development of new organizational forms — and in particular the notion of networked organizations. Critical of the hyperbole that has surrounded the notion of networking, and related initiatives such as business process re-engineering, the authors emphasize the importance of trust in the negotiation of working practices. They also stress that the problem of realizing the vision of networking is ultimately a political one, challenging the status quo that inheres in many present-day organizations.
Giovanni Dosi, David J. Teece, and Josef Chytry
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198290964
- eISBN:
- 9780191596162
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198290969.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Microeconomics
The book is described as a collection of essays derived from papers in Industrial and Corporate Change that deal with issues lying at the intersection of the theory of the firm, industrial dynamics, ...
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The book is described as a collection of essays derived from papers in Industrial and Corporate Change that deal with issues lying at the intersection of the theory of the firm, industrial dynamics, and innovation. They are grouped into two parts: five focusing primarily on firms – their nature, internal organization, patterns of change, and relationships with each other, and four with relatively more emphasis on topics such as industrial dynamics, institutions, and interactions between corporate characteristics and rational determinants of competitiveness. The eight main themes of the book are described as: the understanding of firms as specific organizational forms whose behaviours and performances are largely shaped by their institutional arrangements; the analysis of organizational governance; the institutional embeddedness of organizations; the nature and degrees of path‐dependency of organizational forms and competitive outcomes; comparative analysis of the ways in which different organizations manage the integration of potentially conflictual interests; organizations as learning entities; strategic discretionality versus path‐dependency in corporate competences and orientations; and the co‐evolution of technologies, social communities of practitioners, industrial organizations, and institutions. The contents of each essay are discussed within this framework.Less
The book is described as a collection of essays derived from papers in Industrial and Corporate Change that deal with issues lying at the intersection of the theory of the firm, industrial dynamics, and innovation. They are grouped into two parts: five focusing primarily on firms – their nature, internal organization, patterns of change, and relationships with each other, and four with relatively more emphasis on topics such as industrial dynamics, institutions, and interactions between corporate characteristics and rational determinants of competitiveness. The eight main themes of the book are described as: the understanding of firms as specific organizational forms whose behaviours and performances are largely shaped by their institutional arrangements; the analysis of organizational governance; the institutional embeddedness of organizations; the nature and degrees of path‐dependency of organizational forms and competitive outcomes; comparative analysis of the ways in which different organizations manage the integration of potentially conflictual interests; organizations as learning entities; strategic discretionality versus path‐dependency in corporate competences and orientations; and the co‐evolution of technologies, social communities of practitioners, industrial organizations, and institutions. The contents of each essay are discussed within this framework.
Graham M. Winch
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198288411
- eISBN:
- 9780191684593
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198288411.003.0002
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies
In order to set the scene for the investigations that follow, this chapter reviews the current literature on changing organizational form. It explores three groups of literature. The first, ...
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In order to set the scene for the investigations that follow, this chapter reviews the current literature on changing organizational form. It explores three groups of literature. The first, associated with the concept of ‘flexible specialization’, is that on the network form of organization. Next, the literature, mainly associated with the implications of IT for organizational form, on the networked organization is covered. Thirdly, the broad range of new technologies and techniques — generically dubbed advanced production methods — is discussed. The chapter closes with a closer look at theories of the emerging production paradigm, particularly ‘world-class manufacturing’ and ‘lean production’. The conclusion is drawn that the paradox of flexibility and productivity is at the heart of the changes presently under way.Less
In order to set the scene for the investigations that follow, this chapter reviews the current literature on changing organizational form. It explores three groups of literature. The first, associated with the concept of ‘flexible specialization’, is that on the network form of organization. Next, the literature, mainly associated with the implications of IT for organizational form, on the networked organization is covered. Thirdly, the broad range of new technologies and techniques — generically dubbed advanced production methods — is discussed. The chapter closes with a closer look at theories of the emerging production paradigm, particularly ‘world-class manufacturing’ and ‘lean production’. The conclusion is drawn that the paradox of flexibility and productivity is at the heart of the changes presently under way.
Emily Erikson
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691159065
- eISBN:
- 9781400850334
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691159065.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter sets out the stakes of the book's argument, situating the English East India Company with respect to some of the larger processes of transition and change in the early modern period and ...
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This chapter sets out the stakes of the book's argument, situating the English East India Company with respect to some of the larger processes of transition and change in the early modern period and the dawn of modernity in the nineteenth century. The issues addressed are large-scale macro-historical outcomes, such as economic development in the West, underdevelopment in Asia, growth in state capacity, the development of economic theory, and the emergence of new organizational forms. All are linked to and intertwine with the story of the English East India Company. In addition, these developments have at times been indirectly linked to the Industrial Revolution, which the chapter also briefly touches upon.Less
This chapter sets out the stakes of the book's argument, situating the English East India Company with respect to some of the larger processes of transition and change in the early modern period and the dawn of modernity in the nineteenth century. The issues addressed are large-scale macro-historical outcomes, such as economic development in the West, underdevelopment in Asia, growth in state capacity, the development of economic theory, and the emergence of new organizational forms. All are linked to and intertwine with the story of the English East India Company. In addition, these developments have at times been indirectly linked to the Industrial Revolution, which the chapter also briefly touches upon.
Robin Mansell and W. Edward Steinmueller
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198295570
- eISBN:
- 9780191685149
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198295570.003.0006
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Information Technology, Innovation
For several observers, electronic commerce or e-commerce accounts for the beginnings of a novel commercial paradigm, as well as of a new general paradigm for how the suppliers of various services and ...
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For several observers, electronic commerce or e-commerce accounts for the beginnings of a novel commercial paradigm, as well as of a new general paradigm for how the suppliers of various services and technologies interact with their users. Utilizing e-commerce in improving the competitiveness of Europe entails certain issues which, when addressed, bring about a broadcast media model for developing the home-access aspect of the communication and information infrastructure – an alternative to the ‘passive’ user. Since e-commerce focuses mainly on business-to-business interactions, the challenges and opportunities associated with this field relate to the changes in processes and structures of trading transactions. As such, we also have to consider the evolution of organizational forms and business models evident in individual trading communities.Less
For several observers, electronic commerce or e-commerce accounts for the beginnings of a novel commercial paradigm, as well as of a new general paradigm for how the suppliers of various services and technologies interact with their users. Utilizing e-commerce in improving the competitiveness of Europe entails certain issues which, when addressed, bring about a broadcast media model for developing the home-access aspect of the communication and information infrastructure – an alternative to the ‘passive’ user. Since e-commerce focuses mainly on business-to-business interactions, the challenges and opportunities associated with this field relate to the changes in processes and structures of trading transactions. As such, we also have to consider the evolution of organizational forms and business models evident in individual trading communities.
Herwig C.H. Hofmann, Gerard C. Rowe, and Alexander H. TÜrk
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199286485
- eISBN:
- 9780191730894
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199286485.003.0009
- Subject:
- Law, EU Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This chapter discusses the organizational forms central to European administrative governance. It sets out the central features of these forms, their rationale(s) and, wherever possible, offers an ...
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This chapter discusses the organizational forms central to European administrative governance. It sets out the central features of these forms, their rationale(s) and, wherever possible, offers an assessment of the issues which they raise in terms of legitimacy and accountability. Specifically, it considers comitology, European agencies, various forms of European networks for administrative governance, the Open Method of Coordination, and organizational forms in which private parties play a dominant role.Less
This chapter discusses the organizational forms central to European administrative governance. It sets out the central features of these forms, their rationale(s) and, wherever possible, offers an assessment of the issues which they raise in terms of legitimacy and accountability. Specifically, it considers comitology, European agencies, various forms of European networks for administrative governance, the Open Method of Coordination, and organizational forms in which private parties play a dominant role.
David J. Teece
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198295426
- eISBN:
- 9780191596964
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198295421.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Microeconomics
Managing virtual corporations confronts a trade‐off between incentives and control, and an alliance can achieve some of the coordination of an integrated company, but the members of an alliance can ...
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Managing virtual corporations confronts a trade‐off between incentives and control, and an alliance can achieve some of the coordination of an integrated company, but the members of an alliance can be driven to enhance their own positions, and their interests may diverge over time. The challenge for managers is to choose the organizational form (virtual, alliance, or otherwise) that best matches the type of innovation (autonomous or systemic) they are pursuing.Less
Managing virtual corporations confronts a trade‐off between incentives and control, and an alliance can achieve some of the coordination of an integrated company, but the members of an alliance can be driven to enhance their own positions, and their interests may diverge over time. The challenge for managers is to choose the organizational form (virtual, alliance, or otherwise) that best matches the type of innovation (autonomous or systemic) they are pursuing.
Ron Harris
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780691150772
- eISBN:
- 9780691185804
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691150772.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This chapter presents theoretical insights that can be gained from other fields and disciplines that can be useful for the study of the migration of institutions and particularly trade organizations. ...
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This chapter presents theoretical insights that can be gained from other fields and disciplines that can be useful for the study of the migration of institutions and particularly trade organizations. It analyzes more complex, and somewhat more socially and culturally embedded, organizational forms, such as the sea loan, the funduq and caravanserai, and the commenda. The chapter also describes three key organizational forms rather than offering a comprehensive survey of all migratory organizational forms. Some organizational forms, such as the general partnership or the joint ownership of ships, are more complex than typical endogenous institutions and are likely to be migratory. It explains how an objection to an institution could lead to mutations and efforts to hide the foreign or objectionable origins, as well as to fit the institution into pre-existing institutional configurations.Less
This chapter presents theoretical insights that can be gained from other fields and disciplines that can be useful for the study of the migration of institutions and particularly trade organizations. It analyzes more complex, and somewhat more socially and culturally embedded, organizational forms, such as the sea loan, the funduq and caravanserai, and the commenda. The chapter also describes three key organizational forms rather than offering a comprehensive survey of all migratory organizational forms. Some organizational forms, such as the general partnership or the joint ownership of ships, are more complex than typical endogenous institutions and are likely to be migratory. It explains how an objection to an institution could lead to mutations and efforts to hide the foreign or objectionable origins, as well as to fit the institution into pre-existing institutional configurations.
Lyn Spillman
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226769561
- eISBN:
- 9780226769554
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226769554.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Occupations, Professions, and Work
This chapter first sketches Max Weber's theory of business associations, highlighting issues of organizational form, cultural orientation, and political process. This perspective shapes social ...
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This chapter first sketches Max Weber's theory of business associations, highlighting issues of organizational form, cultural orientation, and political process. This perspective shapes social scientists' main assumptions about why and how business associations function, especially for scholars of comparative economic governance. Their comparative approach shows the distinctiveness of American associations, which is demonstrated here with brief contrasts to German and Japanese associational history. This Weberian comparative approach generates a major theoretical and empirical anomaly: it cannot explain why American associations thrive. To explore this issue, the chapter reconstructs the history of American business associations before and after the introduction of antitrust law in the late nineteenth century, again considering that history in terms of their organization, orientation, and politics.Less
This chapter first sketches Max Weber's theory of business associations, highlighting issues of organizational form, cultural orientation, and political process. This perspective shapes social scientists' main assumptions about why and how business associations function, especially for scholars of comparative economic governance. Their comparative approach shows the distinctiveness of American associations, which is demonstrated here with brief contrasts to German and Japanese associational history. This Weberian comparative approach generates a major theoretical and empirical anomaly: it cannot explain why American associations thrive. To explore this issue, the chapter reconstructs the history of American business associations before and after the introduction of antitrust law in the late nineteenth century, again considering that history in terms of their organization, orientation, and politics.
Gernot Grabher and David Stark (eds)
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198290209
- eISBN:
- 9780191684791
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198290209.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies, Political Economy
This book is about change in Central and Eastern Europe, and social and economic change more generally. In contrast to the dominant ‘transition framework’ that examines organizational forms in ...
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This book is about change in Central and Eastern Europe, and social and economic change more generally. In contrast to the dominant ‘transition framework’ that examines organizational forms in Eastern Europe according to the degree to which they conform to, or depart from, the blueprints of already existing capitalisms, this book examines the innovative character, born of necessity, in which actors in the post-socialist setting are restructuring organizations and institutions by redefining and recombining resources. Instead of conceiving these recombinations as accidental aberrations, it explores their evolutionary potentials. The starting premise of this book is that the actual unit of entrepreneurship is not the isolated individual personality but the social networks that link firms and the actors within them. Drawing insight from evolutionary economics and from the new methods of network analysis, sociologists, economists, and political scientists present their findings from Hungary, Poland, Eastern Germany, Russia, and the Czech Republic.Less
This book is about change in Central and Eastern Europe, and social and economic change more generally. In contrast to the dominant ‘transition framework’ that examines organizational forms in Eastern Europe according to the degree to which they conform to, or depart from, the blueprints of already existing capitalisms, this book examines the innovative character, born of necessity, in which actors in the post-socialist setting are restructuring organizations and institutions by redefining and recombining resources. Instead of conceiving these recombinations as accidental aberrations, it explores their evolutionary potentials. The starting premise of this book is that the actual unit of entrepreneurship is not the isolated individual personality but the social networks that link firms and the actors within them. Drawing insight from evolutionary economics and from the new methods of network analysis, sociologists, economists, and political scientists present their findings from Hungary, Poland, Eastern Germany, Russia, and the Czech Republic.
Nils Brunsson
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198296706
- eISBN:
- 9780191860195
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198296706.003.0006
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies
A key argument in institutional theories of organization is that organizational forms are strongly influenced by widely held norms and ideas about the kind of organizational forms that are natural, ...
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A key argument in institutional theories of organization is that organizational forms are strongly influenced by widely held norms and ideas about the kind of organizational forms that are natural, correct, or desirable. Norms and ideas held in common constitute a major impetus to standardization; they promote similarities in many organizations, even those which conduct quite different types of production but which operate within the same culture or the same field. This chapter presents a ‘cropping-up’ model of standardization. It discusses the basic concepts underlying a ‘cropping-up’ model: forms, reforms, and organizational discourse. It describes how organizational forms are determined by the interaction between general discourse and local reform cycles. Finally, it the way in which local reforms may affect the norms expressed in the general discourse.Less
A key argument in institutional theories of organization is that organizational forms are strongly influenced by widely held norms and ideas about the kind of organizational forms that are natural, correct, or desirable. Norms and ideas held in common constitute a major impetus to standardization; they promote similarities in many organizations, even those which conduct quite different types of production but which operate within the same culture or the same field. This chapter presents a ‘cropping-up’ model of standardization. It discusses the basic concepts underlying a ‘cropping-up’ model: forms, reforms, and organizational discourse. It describes how organizational forms are determined by the interaction between general discourse and local reform cycles. Finally, it the way in which local reforms may affect the norms expressed in the general discourse.
