Sharan Jagpal
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195371055
- eISBN:
- 9780199870745
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195371055.003.0023
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Marketing
This chapter shows how multinational firms can use marketing-finance fusion to choose international strategies. It discusses the pros and cons of international diversification to privately and ...
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This chapter shows how multinational firms can use marketing-finance fusion to choose international strategies. It discusses the pros and cons of international diversification to privately and publicly held firms, whether or not the firm should choose country-specific product designs, how the firm should measure and reward the performances of its country managers, what type of organizational structure the firm should use, how the firm should choose an outsourcing strategy, and what performance metrics the firm should use to measure and reward managerial performance in its outsourcing centers.Less
This chapter shows how multinational firms can use marketing-finance fusion to choose international strategies. It discusses the pros and cons of international diversification to privately and publicly held firms, whether or not the firm should choose country-specific product designs, how the firm should measure and reward the performances of its country managers, what type of organizational structure the firm should use, how the firm should choose an outsourcing strategy, and what performance metrics the firm should use to measure and reward managerial performance in its outsourcing centers.
Kathleen R. Mcnamara
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199247967
- eISBN:
- 9780191601088
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019924796X.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
An analysis is presented of the creation and development of rules governing the organizational form and the policy content of the European Central Bank (ECB). The establishment of the ECB and the ...
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An analysis is presented of the creation and development of rules governing the organizational form and the policy content of the European Central Bank (ECB). The establishment of the ECB and the launching of the Euro constitute an extraordinary innovation, one that opens and organizes a new institutional space in Europe. The ECB system is assessed in the light of three broad theoretical approaches emphasizing, respectively, power politics, institutions as rational solutions to collective problems, and pre-existing normative (social) structures. Power politics and functional rationality approaches are found to fail to account for important aspects of the ECB’s rules and policy mandates, while, in contrast, a sociological emphasis on institutional context is useful in explaining the continuities linking the ECB to the normative structure that had previously developed – largely within the network of central-bank governors – and diffused throughout the organizational field in which monetary policy-making was embedded. It was the need to legitimize the new ECB in terms of these broader norms that shaped the ECB’s organizational structure and governing rules: in particular, pre-existing norms influenced three key aspects of the ECB – its political independence, its criteria for membership, and its rules for price stability.Less
An analysis is presented of the creation and development of rules governing the organizational form and the policy content of the European Central Bank (ECB). The establishment of the ECB and the launching of the Euro constitute an extraordinary innovation, one that opens and organizes a new institutional space in Europe. The ECB system is assessed in the light of three broad theoretical approaches emphasizing, respectively, power politics, institutions as rational solutions to collective problems, and pre-existing normative (social) structures. Power politics and functional rationality approaches are found to fail to account for important aspects of the ECB’s rules and policy mandates, while, in contrast, a sociological emphasis on institutional context is useful in explaining the continuities linking the ECB to the normative structure that had previously developed – largely within the network of central-bank governors – and diffused throughout the organizational field in which monetary policy-making was embedded. It was the need to legitimize the new ECB in terms of these broader norms that shaped the ECB’s organizational structure and governing rules: in particular, pre-existing norms influenced three key aspects of the ECB – its political independence, its criteria for membership, and its rules for price stability.
Felice Davidson Perlmutter, Darlyne Bailey, and Ellen Netting
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195137071
- eISBN:
- 9780199865611
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195137071.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations
Managerial supervisors are those persons who supervise direct service staff, who oversee human service programs, and who perform macro practice tasks in their agencies on a daily basis. They are not ...
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Managerial supervisors are those persons who supervise direct service staff, who oversee human service programs, and who perform macro practice tasks in their agencies on a daily basis. They are not clinical supervisors who oversee the treatment aspects of direct practice; nor are they administrators at the executive level. This book addresses the challenges facing the often under-appreciated managerial supervisors who oversee and provide a crucial organizational structure for work that occurs in human service across the country. The successful managerial supervisor must be able to create and develop the organizational culture in which client-centered practice can occur, balance the demands of administrative leadership with those of workers who see clients, keep a client-centered focus amid the paradoxes that arise in the process, and maintain a healthy professional presence.Less
Managerial supervisors are those persons who supervise direct service staff, who oversee human service programs, and who perform macro practice tasks in their agencies on a daily basis. They are not clinical supervisors who oversee the treatment aspects of direct practice; nor are they administrators at the executive level. This book addresses the challenges facing the often under-appreciated managerial supervisors who oversee and provide a crucial organizational structure for work that occurs in human service across the country. The successful managerial supervisor must be able to create and develop the organizational culture in which client-centered practice can occur, balance the demands of administrative leadership with those of workers who see clients, keep a client-centered focus amid the paradoxes that arise in the process, and maintain a healthy professional presence.
John F. Wilson and Andrew Thomson
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199261581
- eISBN:
- 9780191718588
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199261581.003.0002
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History
This chapter represents a novel exercise in model-building. The first part reviews conceptual dimensions of the way in which management has been viewed: management in the theory of the firm; schools ...
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This chapter represents a novel exercise in model-building. The first part reviews conceptual dimensions of the way in which management has been viewed: management in the theory of the firm; schools into which writers on management thought can be broken down; and the ways in which managers themselves have approached problems. The second part provides a theoretical base. Initially, it reviews three models of organizational structures: Chandlerian internalization of decision-making; resource dependency-based or externalization-oriented; and a socially constructed approach. The main drivers of change are then identified. Finally, the four themes of the book are introduced: the persistence of personal and proprietorial capitalism; management, organizational structure and transaction costs; social attitudes towards industry and management; and the slow transition to professionalism.Less
This chapter represents a novel exercise in model-building. The first part reviews conceptual dimensions of the way in which management has been viewed: management in the theory of the firm; schools into which writers on management thought can be broken down; and the ways in which managers themselves have approached problems. The second part provides a theoretical base. Initially, it reviews three models of organizational structures: Chandlerian internalization of decision-making; resource dependency-based or externalization-oriented; and a socially constructed approach. The main drivers of change are then identified. Finally, the four themes of the book are introduced: the persistence of personal and proprietorial capitalism; management, organizational structure and transaction costs; social attitudes towards industry and management; and the slow transition to professionalism.
David J. Teece
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198296041
- eISBN:
- 9780191596070
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198296045.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Microeconomics
The wider issue of linkage between organizational variables and the application of new technology is addressed, focusing in particular on innovation at the level of the firm and on the choice of ...
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The wider issue of linkage between organizational variables and the application of new technology is addressed, focusing in particular on innovation at the level of the firm and on the choice of organizational variables that go best with different types of innovation. In the process, there is a comprehensive analysis of the underlying properties of technological innovation per se, and a set of archetypal governance modes for firms. The thrust of the argument is the need to take a broader view of innovation, not only by looking at market structure but also by relating it to organizational structure and firm boundaries as well. Both the formal and the informal structures of the firm, and the network of external linkages that they have, substantially influence innovative activity in firms. The chapter goes on to suggest that the complex and increasingly common inter‐firm arrangements that exploit complementarities and are often linked to the development of technology in fact constitute an organizational innovation of great importance.Less
The wider issue of linkage between organizational variables and the application of new technology is addressed, focusing in particular on innovation at the level of the firm and on the choice of organizational variables that go best with different types of innovation. In the process, there is a comprehensive analysis of the underlying properties of technological innovation per se, and a set of archetypal governance modes for firms. The thrust of the argument is the need to take a broader view of innovation, not only by looking at market structure but also by relating it to organizational structure and firm boundaries as well. Both the formal and the informal structures of the firm, and the network of external linkages that they have, substantially influence innovative activity in firms. The chapter goes on to suggest that the complex and increasingly common inter‐firm arrangements that exploit complementarities and are often linked to the development of technology in fact constitute an organizational innovation of great importance.
John F. Wilson and Andrew Thomson
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199261581
- eISBN:
- 9780191718588
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199261581.003.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History
This introductory chapter lays out the book’s aims and examines the historical origins of management. It presents the three main ways in which the term management is commonly used: modern management ...
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This introductory chapter lays out the book’s aims and examines the historical origins of management. It presents the three main ways in which the term management is commonly used: modern management as an organizational process, activity or system; as an organizational structure of evolving complexity up to the ‘M-form’ associated with managerial capitalism; and as an occupational grouping or class of people carrying out managerial roles within the workforce. There are two other issues to consider: a developmental periodization of management in Britain that provides a chronological framework; and an international economic comparison from 1820 onwards against which our story can be told, since the underlying question of the book is essentially a comparative one to explain Britain’s relative performance.Less
This introductory chapter lays out the book’s aims and examines the historical origins of management. It presents the three main ways in which the term management is commonly used: modern management as an organizational process, activity or system; as an organizational structure of evolving complexity up to the ‘M-form’ associated with managerial capitalism; and as an occupational grouping or class of people carrying out managerial roles within the workforce. There are two other issues to consider: a developmental periodization of management in Britain that provides a chronological framework; and an international economic comparison from 1820 onwards against which our story can be told, since the underlying question of the book is essentially a comparative one to explain Britain’s relative performance.
W. Mark Fruin
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198288985
- eISBN:
- 9780191596285
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198288980.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter offers a detailed examination of the evolution of focal factories, drawing most of its empirical evidence from a close reading of the histories of several Toshiba factories. Looking at ...
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This chapter offers a detailed examination of the evolution of focal factories, drawing most of its empirical evidence from a close reading of the histories of several Toshiba factories. Looking at the changing organizational interface between focal factories and company‐wide structures offers a valuable examination of the introduction of the multidivisional model of company organization and its impact on factory and shop‐floor practices at Toshiba. The chapter starts by looking at the general institutional consequences of late development, and then, for Toshiba, examines its history and organizational patterns, organizational boundaries and the focal factory, pre‐war and post‐war organization, post‐war product diversity, factory organization and management, and corporate strategy and factory response.Less
This chapter offers a detailed examination of the evolution of focal factories, drawing most of its empirical evidence from a close reading of the histories of several Toshiba factories. Looking at the changing organizational interface between focal factories and company‐wide structures offers a valuable examination of the introduction of the multidivisional model of company organization and its impact on factory and shop‐floor practices at Toshiba. The chapter starts by looking at the general institutional consequences of late development, and then, for Toshiba, examines its history and organizational patterns, organizational boundaries and the focal factory, pre‐war and post‐war organization, post‐war product diversity, factory organization and management, and corporate strategy and factory response.
Robert H. Chenhall
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199283361
- eISBN:
- 9780191712623
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199283361.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
This chapter examines recent innovations in performance measurement systems and identifies evidence about their effectiveness in assisting managers improve performance. The innovations studied were: ...
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This chapter examines recent innovations in performance measurement systems and identifies evidence about their effectiveness in assisting managers improve performance. The innovations studied were: economic value measures, non-financial measures, and integrated performance measures. Drawing on contingency thinking, the proposition is that it is unlikely that these innovations will be appropriate for all organizations. It was concluded that positive benefits are not universalistic. Different innovative performance measures may best suit particular contexts. While existing research into the effects of contingencies on performance measure is limited, there are sufficient clues to suggest that the external environment and strategy, technology, structure, and size are likely to be important when considering the suitability of different performance measures.Less
This chapter examines recent innovations in performance measurement systems and identifies evidence about their effectiveness in assisting managers improve performance. The innovations studied were: economic value measures, non-financial measures, and integrated performance measures. Drawing on contingency thinking, the proposition is that it is unlikely that these innovations will be appropriate for all organizations. It was concluded that positive benefits are not universalistic. Different innovative performance measures may best suit particular contexts. While existing research into the effects of contingencies on performance measure is limited, there are sufficient clues to suggest that the external environment and strategy, technology, structure, and size are likely to be important when considering the suitability of different performance measures.
Emily Erikson
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691159065
- eISBN:
- 9781400850334
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691159065.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter presents the volume's main argument: that a decentralized organizational structure—constructed through the combination of private and Company trade—was the central pillar of the English ...
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This chapter presents the volume's main argument: that a decentralized organizational structure—constructed through the combination of private and Company trade—was the central pillar of the English East India Company's continued expansion and adaptability over nearly two centuries as a predominantly commercial operation. It delves into the history of the English East India Company and the reasons for its success. Additionally, the chapter also looks at alternative explanations for the success of the company. Finally, this chapter lays out the study's theoretical approach: by considering the micro-level behavioral patterns and opportunity structures that allowed for the development and transformation of the English Company and, through it, larger patterns of global trade.Less
This chapter presents the volume's main argument: that a decentralized organizational structure—constructed through the combination of private and Company trade—was the central pillar of the English East India Company's continued expansion and adaptability over nearly two centuries as a predominantly commercial operation. It delves into the history of the English East India Company and the reasons for its success. Additionally, the chapter also looks at alternative explanations for the success of the company. Finally, this chapter lays out the study's theoretical approach: by considering the micro-level behavioral patterns and opportunity structures that allowed for the development and transformation of the English Company and, through it, larger patterns of global trade.
Mari Sako
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199268160
- eISBN:
- 9780191708534
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199268160.003.0005
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business
This chapter provides a historical case study of management and labour at the Toyota Group. It discusses Toyota's business diversification from textile machinery to automobiles, and more recently ...
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This chapter provides a historical case study of management and labour at the Toyota Group. It discusses Toyota's business diversification from textile machinery to automobiles, and more recently into other areas such as telecommunications. Compared to Matsushita, Toyota remained focused on automobile production, with a functional organizational structure. Toyota unions were originally factory unions that became unified as an enterprise union in 1950. But unlike at Matsushita, corporate spin-offs led to the establishment of separate enterprise unions, rather than the extension of the focal union's boundary. The chapter also traces parallel developments of consolidation and fragmentation at major suppliers, such as Toyoda Automatic Looms and Aisin.Less
This chapter provides a historical case study of management and labour at the Toyota Group. It discusses Toyota's business diversification from textile machinery to automobiles, and more recently into other areas such as telecommunications. Compared to Matsushita, Toyota remained focused on automobile production, with a functional organizational structure. Toyota unions were originally factory unions that became unified as an enterprise union in 1950. But unlike at Matsushita, corporate spin-offs led to the establishment of separate enterprise unions, rather than the extension of the focal union's boundary. The chapter also traces parallel developments of consolidation and fragmentation at major suppliers, such as Toyoda Automatic Looms and Aisin.
Gregory Townsend
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199554294
- eISBN:
- 9780191751691
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199554294.003.0005
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
This chapter examines the organizational structures that the prosecutors have established for their offices at the international criminal tribunals and courts. It also analyses the management of ...
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This chapter examines the organizational structures that the prosecutors have established for their offices at the international criminal tribunals and courts. It also analyses the management of international prosecution offices. These offices have faced knotty management challenges — some of which are common to all the tribunals — including setting up, establishing a productive office structure, recruiting and retaining highly skilled staff, securing evidence and the cooperation of witnesses, managing vast quantities of data, and effectively communicating with stakeholders. Sections 2 to 12 of the chapter describe and analyse in turn the structures, organization, and management of the eleven different international prosecution offices from that set up in Nuremberg in 1945 until the time of this writing. Section 13 concludes that the organizational structures of these offices have been varied and adapting over time, and that the results were driven, more than by any other factor, by the qualities and skills of the individuals involved rather than the structure or hierarchy in place.Less
This chapter examines the organizational structures that the prosecutors have established for their offices at the international criminal tribunals and courts. It also analyses the management of international prosecution offices. These offices have faced knotty management challenges — some of which are common to all the tribunals — including setting up, establishing a productive office structure, recruiting and retaining highly skilled staff, securing evidence and the cooperation of witnesses, managing vast quantities of data, and effectively communicating with stakeholders. Sections 2 to 12 of the chapter describe and analyse in turn the structures, organization, and management of the eleven different international prosecution offices from that set up in Nuremberg in 1945 until the time of this writing. Section 13 concludes that the organizational structures of these offices have been varied and adapting over time, and that the results were driven, more than by any other factor, by the qualities and skills of the individuals involved rather than the structure or hierarchy in place.
David J. Teece
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198295426
- eISBN:
- 9780191596964
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198295421.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Microeconomics
This chapter discusses the importance of market structure and organizational factors on innovation. In particular, it suggests that the formal and informal structures of the firm, as well as the ...
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This chapter discusses the importance of market structure and organizational factors on innovation. In particular, it suggests that the formal and informal structures of the firm, as well as the network of external linkages they possess, have implications on the kind and strength of innovation firms engage in. It presents frameworks for analysing technological change and innovation in building a coherent framework for analysing the factors that influence innovation. These include organizational competences, organizational structure and incentives, internal organizational culture, and external linkages.Less
This chapter discusses the importance of market structure and organizational factors on innovation. In particular, it suggests that the formal and informal structures of the firm, as well as the network of external linkages they possess, have implications on the kind and strength of innovation firms engage in. It presents frameworks for analysing technological change and innovation in building a coherent framework for analysing the factors that influence innovation. These include organizational competences, organizational structure and incentives, internal organizational culture, and external linkages.
Robin Fincham, James Fleck, Rob Procter, Harry Scarbrough, Margaret Tierney, and Robin Williams
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198289043
- eISBN:
- 9780191684678
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198289043.003.0005
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Information Technology, Knowledge Management
The last chapter saw the financial services sector being internalized and negotiated through the actions of expert groups. This chapter extends the analysis from the firm-in-sector level to the ...
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The last chapter saw the financial services sector being internalized and negotiated through the actions of expert groups. This chapter extends the analysis from the firm-in-sector level to the structural relationships within which the negotiation takes place. These structures of expertise involve relations of dominance and subordination between different forms of expertise, and reflect societal biases favouring professionalism as a mode of deploying expertise. They have evolved to favour certain organizational competencies and specialist forms of knowledge. At the organizational level, the structure of expertise is expressed through political coalitions that keep various forms of expertise in states of tension or cooperation with each other. In addition to exploring the organizational structure of expertise, this chapter looks at the changing position of information systems within broader structures of expertise.Less
The last chapter saw the financial services sector being internalized and negotiated through the actions of expert groups. This chapter extends the analysis from the firm-in-sector level to the structural relationships within which the negotiation takes place. These structures of expertise involve relations of dominance and subordination between different forms of expertise, and reflect societal biases favouring professionalism as a mode of deploying expertise. They have evolved to favour certain organizational competencies and specialist forms of knowledge. At the organizational level, the structure of expertise is expressed through political coalitions that keep various forms of expertise in states of tension or cooperation with each other. In addition to exploring the organizational structure of expertise, this chapter looks at the changing position of information systems within broader structures of expertise.
David J. Teece
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198295426
- eISBN:
- 9780191596964
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198295421.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Microeconomics
This chapter identifies organizational forms (governance structures) and discusses organizational archetypes (such as integrated hierarchies and multiproduct organization, hollow corporations, and ...
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This chapter identifies organizational forms (governance structures) and discusses organizational archetypes (such as integrated hierarchies and multiproduct organization, hollow corporations, and conglomerates) that have implications for technological innovation. Profiting from the innovation of a new technology involves considerable challenges and depends on such factors as firm boundaries, degree of vertical integration, the structure of financial markets, and the formal and informal organizational structure; and the different organizational archetype faces, different challenges and different types of capabilities, innovation, and preferred organizational forms.Less
This chapter identifies organizational forms (governance structures) and discusses organizational archetypes (such as integrated hierarchies and multiproduct organization, hollow corporations, and conglomerates) that have implications for technological innovation. Profiting from the innovation of a new technology involves considerable challenges and depends on such factors as firm boundaries, degree of vertical integration, the structure of financial markets, and the formal and informal organizational structure; and the different organizational archetype faces, different challenges and different types of capabilities, innovation, and preferred organizational forms.
John F. Wilson and Andrew Thomson
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199261581
- eISBN:
- 9780191718588
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199261581.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History
There is a dearth of literature on management history as a key factor in modern economic society. This book aims to rectify that. It covers the period since the Second Industrial Revolution that ...
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There is a dearth of literature on management history as a key factor in modern economic society. This book aims to rectify that. It covers the period since the Second Industrial Revolution that started around 1870, when new organizational structures and managerial systems and skills became necessary. It focuses on manufacturing and larger-scale business, since these are the areas which have caused the greatest controversy about the weaknesses displayed by British industry in comparison to other countries such as the USA, Germany, and later Japan in the move to managerial capitalism. The book uses two main sets of explanatory factors. First, it uses a wide range of twenty-six ‘drivers’ or influences on the development of management, which are brought together in three categories (technological-cum-market; institutional/cultural; and business policy and practice). Second, it takes up four main themes that explain why Britain may have fallen behind: the persistence of personal and proprietorial capitalism; organizational structure and transaction costs; social attitudes towards industry; and the slow transition towards professionalism. The twelve chapters in the book are divided into five sections in which management is analysed according to different perspectives: a scene-setting and theoretical introduction; a focus on organizational development; a contextual focus concentrating on managers as a group; a focus on key managerial functions; and a concluding chapter which reflects on the recent changes in the themes.Less
There is a dearth of literature on management history as a key factor in modern economic society. This book aims to rectify that. It covers the period since the Second Industrial Revolution that started around 1870, when new organizational structures and managerial systems and skills became necessary. It focuses on manufacturing and larger-scale business, since these are the areas which have caused the greatest controversy about the weaknesses displayed by British industry in comparison to other countries such as the USA, Germany, and later Japan in the move to managerial capitalism. The book uses two main sets of explanatory factors. First, it uses a wide range of twenty-six ‘drivers’ or influences on the development of management, which are brought together in three categories (technological-cum-market; institutional/cultural; and business policy and practice). Second, it takes up four main themes that explain why Britain may have fallen behind: the persistence of personal and proprietorial capitalism; organizational structure and transaction costs; social attitudes towards industry; and the slow transition towards professionalism. The twelve chapters in the book are divided into five sections in which management is analysed according to different perspectives: a scene-setting and theoretical introduction; a focus on organizational development; a contextual focus concentrating on managers as a group; a focus on key managerial functions; and a concluding chapter which reflects on the recent changes in the themes.
Giovanni Dosi, Richard R. Nelson, and Sidney Winter (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199248544
- eISBN:
- 9780191596155
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199248540.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Microeconomics
In this book, the editors and a team of distinguished international contributors analyse the nature of organizational capabilities, studying how organizations do things, use their knowledge base, and ...
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In this book, the editors and a team of distinguished international contributors analyse the nature of organizational capabilities, studying how organizations do things, use their knowledge base, and diffuse that knowledge in competitive environment. Offering both theoretical analysis and detailed evidence from a variety of individual firms and sectors, this book presents insights into the relationship between organizational structures and organizational capabilities, the patterns of accumulation of technical knowledge, and the management of competence‐building in changing markets.Less
In this book, the editors and a team of distinguished international contributors analyse the nature of organizational capabilities, studying how organizations do things, use their knowledge base, and diffuse that knowledge in competitive environment. Offering both theoretical analysis and detailed evidence from a variety of individual firms and sectors, this book presents insights into the relationship between organizational structures and organizational capabilities, the patterns of accumulation of technical knowledge, and the management of competence‐building in changing markets.
Georg Von Krogh, Kazuo Ichijo, and Ikujiro Nonaka
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195126167
- eISBN:
- 9780199848720
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195126167.003.0008
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Knowledge Management
While there are different types of knowledge within an organization — individual, social, and tacit — all of these must nonetheless be stimulated, developed, justified, and effectively disseminated ...
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While there are different types of knowledge within an organization — individual, social, and tacit — all of these must nonetheless be stimulated, developed, justified, and effectively disseminated among the organization's members. Although tacit knowledge is perceived to be the fundamental source of innovation, this is often taken too lightly by a firm, and it is difficult to share such knowledge. In order for new knowledge to be fully utilized, it must be articulated and shared. Creating the right context in sharing knowledge entails veering away from traditional organizational structures and coming up with new structures within a company that would cultivate stable relationships among members that would further establish effective collaboration endeavors. This chapter discusses some of the possible alternatives that have already been tested out by various Japanese companies such as Sony, Maekawa, and Toshiba.Less
While there are different types of knowledge within an organization — individual, social, and tacit — all of these must nonetheless be stimulated, developed, justified, and effectively disseminated among the organization's members. Although tacit knowledge is perceived to be the fundamental source of innovation, this is often taken too lightly by a firm, and it is difficult to share such knowledge. In order for new knowledge to be fully utilized, it must be articulated and shared. Creating the right context in sharing knowledge entails veering away from traditional organizational structures and coming up with new structures within a company that would cultivate stable relationships among members that would further establish effective collaboration endeavors. This chapter discusses some of the possible alternatives that have already been tested out by various Japanese companies such as Sony, Maekawa, and Toshiba.
Marcela Miozzo and Vivien Walsh
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199259236
- eISBN:
- 9780191717901
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199259236.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic Systems
This book analyses the role of technological change in the competitiveness of firms and national economies. This includes an examination of the roles of R&D spending, and the organizational and ...
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This book analyses the role of technological change in the competitiveness of firms and national economies. This includes an examination of the roles of R&D spending, and the organizational and technological capabilities of firms in the encouragement of innovation; the way institutions in various nations differ in the way in which they encourage, or discourage, innovation; and the way in which different industrial sectors provide, or fail to provide, incentives to innovate; and the ways in which trade, the operation of multinationals and international trade negotiations influence national production and innovation systems. The book explores the relation between organizational structures, and the process of innovation. It places the analysis of innovation within an international perspective and gives historical and current examples of the interaction between organizational and technological capabilities, industrial and innovation policies and economic performance. Examples are drawn from a range of sectors (services, pharmaceuticals, construction, chemicals) and a range of countries (including the UK and other European countries, the USA, East Asia, and Latin America).Less
This book analyses the role of technological change in the competitiveness of firms and national economies. This includes an examination of the roles of R&D spending, and the organizational and technological capabilities of firms in the encouragement of innovation; the way institutions in various nations differ in the way in which they encourage, or discourage, innovation; and the way in which different industrial sectors provide, or fail to provide, incentives to innovate; and the ways in which trade, the operation of multinationals and international trade negotiations influence national production and innovation systems. The book explores the relation between organizational structures, and the process of innovation. It places the analysis of innovation within an international perspective and gives historical and current examples of the interaction between organizational and technological capabilities, industrial and innovation policies and economic performance. Examples are drawn from a range of sectors (services, pharmaceuticals, construction, chemicals) and a range of countries (including the UK and other European countries, the USA, East Asia, and Latin America).
Ruben Lee
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198297048
- eISBN:
- 9780191685309
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198297048.003.0002
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Finance, Accounting, and Banking, Political Economy
This chapter examines the governance of exchanges. It is organized as follows. The first section presents a preliminary analysis of the three archetypal organizational structures that have most ...
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This chapter examines the governance of exchanges. It is organized as follows. The first section presents a preliminary analysis of the three archetypal organizational structures that have most commonly been adopted by exchanges: the nonprofit, the consumer cooperative, and the for-profit forms. The relative costs of adopting each archetype are also examined. The second section discusses the variety and complexity of different exchanges' governance structures, and identifies some additional costs associated with the three. The third section analyzes the two important ways in which the governance of an exchange may come under pressure to change.Less
This chapter examines the governance of exchanges. It is organized as follows. The first section presents a preliminary analysis of the three archetypal organizational structures that have most commonly been adopted by exchanges: the nonprofit, the consumer cooperative, and the for-profit forms. The relative costs of adopting each archetype are also examined. The second section discusses the variety and complexity of different exchanges' governance structures, and identifies some additional costs associated with the three. The third section analyzes the two important ways in which the governance of an exchange may come under pressure to change.
Chris Argyris
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199268078
- eISBN:
- 9780191699252
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199268078.003.0007
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies, Strategy
This chapter presents four illustrations of interventions in organizations. The first one describes how the ‘responsibility virus’ can be diagnosed at all levels of the organization, and the steps ...
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This chapter presents four illustrations of interventions in organizations. The first one describes how the ‘responsibility virus’ can be diagnosed at all levels of the organization, and the steps that can be taken to reduce its counterproductive consequences. The second describes diagnosing defensive reasoning and defensive routines in an organization that inhibited the effectiveness of the launching of new automobiles. The third illustration is of a new organizational structure that, if executed properly, would reduce the incidence of many organizational defensive routines. The fourth illustration is of an intervention that began by helping a top management group to learn Model II, and of the organizational consequences.Less
This chapter presents four illustrations of interventions in organizations. The first one describes how the ‘responsibility virus’ can be diagnosed at all levels of the organization, and the steps that can be taken to reduce its counterproductive consequences. The second describes diagnosing defensive reasoning and defensive routines in an organization that inhibited the effectiveness of the launching of new automobiles. The third illustration is of a new organizational structure that, if executed properly, would reduce the incidence of many organizational defensive routines. The fourth illustration is of an intervention that began by helping a top management group to learn Model II, and of the organizational consequences.
