George Cheney, Daniel J. Lair, Dean Ritz, and Brenden E. Kendall
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195182774
- eISBN:
- 9780199871001
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195182774.003.0006
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Corporate Governance and Accountability
This chapter focuses on the modern organization as a unit of life experience that is taken for granted yet little understood, showing how organizational culture shapes and sustains integrity (or ...
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This chapter focuses on the modern organization as a unit of life experience that is taken for granted yet little understood, showing how organizational culture shapes and sustains integrity (or doesn't). Considering a number of root metaphors for the organization, including machine, organism, person, and family, the chapter looks at the various ways ethics are cast in each case. Reviewing the typical ways that organizations engage ethics, including through codes of ethics, ethics officers, and the movement toward corporate social responsibility, the chapter concludes that all of them are valuable yet limited in scope. By showing how ethics can be woven into the entire fabric of messages and interactions in an organization, the chapter advances a wider perspective on virtue and culture in organizational life.Less
This chapter focuses on the modern organization as a unit of life experience that is taken for granted yet little understood, showing how organizational culture shapes and sustains integrity (or doesn't). Considering a number of root metaphors for the organization, including machine, organism, person, and family, the chapter looks at the various ways ethics are cast in each case. Reviewing the typical ways that organizations engage ethics, including through codes of ethics, ethics officers, and the movement toward corporate social responsibility, the chapter concludes that all of them are valuable yet limited in scope. By showing how ethics can be woven into the entire fabric of messages and interactions in an organization, the chapter advances a wider perspective on virtue and culture in organizational life.
Michael W. Foley and Dean R. Hoge
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195188707
- eISBN:
- 9780199785315
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195188707.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Recent theories of civic engagement suggest three major pathways by which worship communities could promote the social and civic incorporation of recent immigrants: providing immigrants with social ...
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Recent theories of civic engagement suggest three major pathways by which worship communities could promote the social and civic incorporation of recent immigrants: providing immigrants with social capital and supplying linkages to the wider society (the social capital argument); playing a role themselves as civic actors (the civil society argument); and giving them civic skills and mobilizing them for civic or political action (the civic participation model). Both as civic actors and in mobilizing members, worship communities also shape people's conceptions of themselves as citizens, promoting a particular identity as players in the civic arena. Worship communities differ in the way each of these pathways plays out, depending upon the circumstances of the group's immigration and reception in the United States, the organizational culture of the worship community, and the interpretation of its religious tradition that shapes it.Less
Recent theories of civic engagement suggest three major pathways by which worship communities could promote the social and civic incorporation of recent immigrants: providing immigrants with social capital and supplying linkages to the wider society (the social capital argument); playing a role themselves as civic actors (the civil society argument); and giving them civic skills and mobilizing them for civic or political action (the civic participation model). Both as civic actors and in mobilizing members, worship communities also shape people's conceptions of themselves as citizens, promoting a particular identity as players in the civic arena. Worship communities differ in the way each of these pathways plays out, depending upon the circumstances of the group's immigration and reception in the United States, the organizational culture of the worship community, and the interpretation of its religious tradition that shapes it.
Michael W. Foley and Dean R. Hoge
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195188707
- eISBN:
- 9780199785315
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195188707.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Worship communities play important roles in civil society, in a few cases promoting political engagement around homeland causes and immigrant issues. Many communities provide informal or formal ...
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Worship communities play important roles in civil society, in a few cases promoting political engagement around homeland causes and immigrant issues. Many communities provide informal or formal social services to their members; others focus their charitable activities on the needy in inner-city America or abroad. Needier immigrant communities tend primarily to their own, especially in family-style worship communities; others draw on denominational resources to provide for immigrant members and others in their surroundings. More affluent worship communities provide money, goods, and volunteers for causes outside their immediate communities. Circumstances of immigration, the demographic profile of worship communities, and their organizational cultures and religious ties thus explain the considerable variation in the civic presence of immigrant worship communities.Less
Worship communities play important roles in civil society, in a few cases promoting political engagement around homeland causes and immigrant issues. Many communities provide informal or formal social services to their members; others focus their charitable activities on the needy in inner-city America or abroad. Needier immigrant communities tend primarily to their own, especially in family-style worship communities; others draw on denominational resources to provide for immigrant members and others in their surroundings. More affluent worship communities provide money, goods, and volunteers for causes outside their immediate communities. Circumstances of immigration, the demographic profile of worship communities, and their organizational cultures and religious ties thus explain the considerable variation in the civic presence of immigrant worship communities.
Felice Davidson Perlmutter, Darlyne Bailey, and Ellen Netting
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195137071
- eISBN:
- 9780199865611
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195137071.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations
Managerial supervisors are those persons who supervise direct service staff, who oversee human service programs, and who perform macro practice tasks in their agencies on a daily basis. They are not ...
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Managerial supervisors are those persons who supervise direct service staff, who oversee human service programs, and who perform macro practice tasks in their agencies on a daily basis. They are not clinical supervisors who oversee the treatment aspects of direct practice; nor are they administrators at the executive level. This book addresses the challenges facing the often under-appreciated managerial supervisors who oversee and provide a crucial organizational structure for work that occurs in human service across the country. The successful managerial supervisor must be able to create and develop the organizational culture in which client-centered practice can occur, balance the demands of administrative leadership with those of workers who see clients, keep a client-centered focus amid the paradoxes that arise in the process, and maintain a healthy professional presence.Less
Managerial supervisors are those persons who supervise direct service staff, who oversee human service programs, and who perform macro practice tasks in their agencies on a daily basis. They are not clinical supervisors who oversee the treatment aspects of direct practice; nor are they administrators at the executive level. This book addresses the challenges facing the often under-appreciated managerial supervisors who oversee and provide a crucial organizational structure for work that occurs in human service across the country. The successful managerial supervisor must be able to create and develop the organizational culture in which client-centered practice can occur, balance the demands of administrative leadership with those of workers who see clients, keep a client-centered focus amid the paradoxes that arise in the process, and maintain a healthy professional presence.
Michelle P. Egan
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199244058
- eISBN:
- 9780191599132
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199244057.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
Provides a detailed overview of the setting of European standards, focusing on the histories, organizational structures, and operating environments of the private standards‐setting bodies that have ...
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Provides a detailed overview of the setting of European standards, focusing on the histories, organizational structures, and operating environments of the private standards‐setting bodies that have been given an increased role in negotiating rules for the single market. An analysis of these bodies (CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI) provides an important assessment of the new institutional framework created to govern markets. Given the importance of this new approach, this chapter provides an in‐depth insight into the reorganization of responsibilities and roles of the various public and private actors in managing regulatory policy in the single market. The standards‐setting process is complex, and the organizational culture and operating norms of the standards bodies are reviewed to illustrate the dynamics of cooperation and the cooperation required to reach a coordinated solution. Dealing with collective action problems due to differing interests and regulatory traditions, the chapter demonstrates the importance of problem solving, alliance formation, and strategic bargaining as well as the role of mutual trust, credibility, and reputation in achieving some form of agreement on European standards.Less
Provides a detailed overview of the setting of European standards, focusing on the histories, organizational structures, and operating environments of the private standards‐setting bodies that have been given an increased role in negotiating rules for the single market. An analysis of these bodies (CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI) provides an important assessment of the new institutional framework created to govern markets. Given the importance of this new approach, this chapter provides an in‐depth insight into the reorganization of responsibilities and roles of the various public and private actors in managing regulatory policy in the single market. The standards‐setting process is complex, and the organizational culture and operating norms of the standards bodies are reviewed to illustrate the dynamics of cooperation and the cooperation required to reach a coordinated solution. Dealing with collective action problems due to differing interests and regulatory traditions, the chapter demonstrates the importance of problem solving, alliance formation, and strategic bargaining as well as the role of mutual trust, credibility, and reputation in achieving some form of agreement on European standards.
Michael W. Foley and Dean R. Hoge
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195188707
- eISBN:
- 9780199785315
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195188707.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Immigrant worship communities promote the civic and social incorporation of immigrants in varying ways and to varying degrees, depending upon the demographics of the group, the organizational culture ...
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Immigrant worship communities promote the civic and social incorporation of immigrants in varying ways and to varying degrees, depending upon the demographics of the group, the organizational culture of the worship community, its religious tradition, and leaders' interpretations of that tradition. Such diversity undermines recent claims that immigrant worship communities are being transformed under the impress of the American “congregational template”. On the contrary, in many cases they bring distinctive patterns of organization and practice to American religion, and in some cases are transforming American churches. As ethnic and religious “outsiders” defending the terms on which they will be incorporated into American society, they take their place in a long line that has defined American pluralism since the origins of the republic.Less
Immigrant worship communities promote the civic and social incorporation of immigrants in varying ways and to varying degrees, depending upon the demographics of the group, the organizational culture of the worship community, its religious tradition, and leaders' interpretations of that tradition. Such diversity undermines recent claims that immigrant worship communities are being transformed under the impress of the American “congregational template”. On the contrary, in many cases they bring distinctive patterns of organization and practice to American religion, and in some cases are transforming American churches. As ethnic and religious “outsiders” defending the terms on which they will be incorporated into American society, they take their place in a long line that has defined American pluralism since the origins of the republic.
Denise L. Baer
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198293484
- eISBN:
- 9780191598944
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198293488.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter reviews existing research about women's participation in political parties and women's organizations, including both groups that developed as part of the contemporary women's movement ...
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This chapter reviews existing research about women's participation in political parties and women's organizations, including both groups that developed as part of the contemporary women's movement and more traditional groups. Baer suggests an agenda for future research that would help bridge the gap between the sub‐fields of women and politics and interest groups and parties, and that includes more attention to historical context and to issues of leadership, recruitment, and organizational culture.Less
This chapter reviews existing research about women's participation in political parties and women's organizations, including both groups that developed as part of the contemporary women's movement and more traditional groups. Baer suggests an agenda for future research that would help bridge the gap between the sub‐fields of women and politics and interest groups and parties, and that includes more attention to historical context and to issues of leadership, recruitment, and organizational culture.
Gregory A. Aarons, Jonathan D. Horowitz, Lauren R. Dlugosz, and Mark G. Ehrhart
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199751877
- eISBN:
- 9780199933242
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199751877.003.0007
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
Drawing from the business, management, and organizational literatures, this chapter considers several of the more common and well-researched organizational constructs and processes that may impact ...
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Drawing from the business, management, and organizational literatures, this chapter considers several of the more common and well-researched organizational constructs and processes that may impact the uptake and sustainment of evidence-based practices (EBPs) in organizations. In particular, it focuses on organizational culture, organizational climate, strategic climates, leadership, organizational readiness for change, attitudes toward EBP, organizational development, and organizational process improvement. These factors are considered in relation to the questions and challenges of EBP implementation in health care, behavioral health, and social service settings. It is argued that leaders within organizations must pay attention to the context in which the implementation takes place to increase the likelihood of implementation success and long-term sustainment.Less
Drawing from the business, management, and organizational literatures, this chapter considers several of the more common and well-researched organizational constructs and processes that may impact the uptake and sustainment of evidence-based practices (EBPs) in organizations. In particular, it focuses on organizational culture, organizational climate, strategic climates, leadership, organizational readiness for change, attitudes toward EBP, organizational development, and organizational process improvement. These factors are considered in relation to the questions and challenges of EBP implementation in health care, behavioral health, and social service settings. It is argued that leaders within organizations must pay attention to the context in which the implementation takes place to increase the likelihood of implementation success and long-term sustainment.
Gil Loescher
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199246915
- eISBN:
- 9780191599781
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199246912.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
A key focus is the organizational culture and effectiveness of UNHCR as the principal protection agency for refugees. UNHCR functions with an imperfect mandate, under circumstances necessitating ...
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A key focus is the organizational culture and effectiveness of UNHCR as the principal protection agency for refugees. UNHCR functions with an imperfect mandate, under circumstances necessitating competition with other agencies for limited resources, and in political environments that are inhospitable to crisis management and refugee protection. Because of its financial vulnerability and dependence on donor governments and host states, the agency's actions are clearly shaped by the interests of governments. The UNHCR finds it difficult to learn from past mistakes and it lacks strong policy research and strategic thinking capacities. The author offers policy recommendations aimed at making UNHCR more effective and accountable in its central function of protecting refugees.Less
A key focus is the organizational culture and effectiveness of UNHCR as the principal protection agency for refugees. UNHCR functions with an imperfect mandate, under circumstances necessitating competition with other agencies for limited resources, and in political environments that are inhospitable to crisis management and refugee protection. Because of its financial vulnerability and dependence on donor governments and host states, the agency's actions are clearly shaped by the interests of governments. The UNHCR finds it difficult to learn from past mistakes and it lacks strong policy research and strategic thinking capacities. The author offers policy recommendations aimed at making UNHCR more effective and accountable in its central function of protecting refugees.
Chris Argyris
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199586165
- eISBN:
- 9780191702426
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199586165.003.0008
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies, Strategy
This introductory chapter begins with brief a discussion of how we are trapped by behaviour patterns that exist at all levels of organizations. Traps are created when the problems to be solved are ...
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This introductory chapter begins with brief a discussion of how we are trapped by behaviour patterns that exist at all levels of organizations. Traps are created when the problems to be solved are likely to be upsetting and threatening to all concerned. These Traps inhibit effective problem solving and inhibit the detection and correction of errors. It then sets out the purpose of the book, which is to examine the advice of thought leaders writing about organizations and their management. It focuses on three topics: leadership, culture, and organization design. An overview of the subsequent chapters is presented.Less
This introductory chapter begins with brief a discussion of how we are trapped by behaviour patterns that exist at all levels of organizations. Traps are created when the problems to be solved are likely to be upsetting and threatening to all concerned. These Traps inhibit effective problem solving and inhibit the detection and correction of errors. It then sets out the purpose of the book, which is to examine the advice of thought leaders writing about organizations and their management. It focuses on three topics: leadership, culture, and organization design. An overview of the subsequent chapters is presented.
Fang Lee Cooke, Gail Hebson, and Marilyn Carroll
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199262236
- eISBN:
- 9780191698859
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199262236.003.0008
- Subject:
- Business and Management, HRM / IR, Organization Studies
This chapter discusses a number of issues related to organizational commitment and identity across organizational boundaries in both the private and the public sector. The aim is to fill the gap in ...
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This chapter discusses a number of issues related to organizational commitment and identity across organizational boundaries in both the private and the public sector. The aim is to fill the gap in our current understanding on how multi-agency factors and inter-organizational relationships influence workers' identity and organizational commitment, and what actions, if any, firms take to foster organizational identity and commitment among people employed by another organization. Evidence suggests that the existing HRM framework of analysis of organizational commitment proves to be too narrow in an increasingly fragmented form of work organization. Case study evidence shows the importance of recognizing the different starting points from which workers are located in terms of access to, and knowledge of, different organizational cultures.Less
This chapter discusses a number of issues related to organizational commitment and identity across organizational boundaries in both the private and the public sector. The aim is to fill the gap in our current understanding on how multi-agency factors and inter-organizational relationships influence workers' identity and organizational commitment, and what actions, if any, firms take to foster organizational identity and commitment among people employed by another organization. Evidence suggests that the existing HRM framework of analysis of organizational commitment proves to be too narrow in an increasingly fragmented form of work organization. Case study evidence shows the importance of recognizing the different starting points from which workers are located in terms of access to, and knowledge of, different organizational cultures.
George Cheney, Daniel J. Lair, Dean Ritz, and Brenden E. Kendall
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195182774
- eISBN:
- 9780199871001
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195182774.003.0002
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Corporate Governance and Accountability
This chapter explores how we have limited our own understanding and application of ethics at work through our everyday talk about it. The chapter begins by arguing that how we frame ethics is as ...
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This chapter explores how we have limited our own understanding and application of ethics at work through our everyday talk about it. The chapter begins by arguing that how we frame ethics is as important, and sometimes more important, than the specific ethical decisions we make. The chapter explains how a perspective on ethics that is grounded in communication and rhetoric can illuminate how we unnecessarily restrain the influence of ethics at work. The chapter makes the case for examining popular culture and everyday talk for clues to how ethics is treated in our professional lives. Turning the saying “talk is cheap” on its head, the chapter urges a serious consideration of what it means to say, for example, that one's work is “just a job” or that we should “let the market decide.” Thus, the reader is urged to find ethical implications in diverse messages and cases, ranging from codes and handbooks, to television shows and Internet advertising, to everyday conversation, including sayings that become part of who we are.Less
This chapter explores how we have limited our own understanding and application of ethics at work through our everyday talk about it. The chapter begins by arguing that how we frame ethics is as important, and sometimes more important, than the specific ethical decisions we make. The chapter explains how a perspective on ethics that is grounded in communication and rhetoric can illuminate how we unnecessarily restrain the influence of ethics at work. The chapter makes the case for examining popular culture and everyday talk for clues to how ethics is treated in our professional lives. Turning the saying “talk is cheap” on its head, the chapter urges a serious consideration of what it means to say, for example, that one's work is “just a job” or that we should “let the market decide.” Thus, the reader is urged to find ethical implications in diverse messages and cases, ranging from codes and handbooks, to television shows and Internet advertising, to everyday conversation, including sayings that become part of who we are.
John Hendry
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199268634
- eISBN:
- 9780191708381
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199268634.003.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Strategy
This chapter provides an extended summary of the arguments presented throughout the body of the book.
This chapter provides an extended summary of the arguments presented throughout the body of the book.
John Hendry
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199268634
- eISBN:
- 9780191708381
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199268634.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Strategy
This book explores the evolution and origins of contemporary moral culture, with a particular focus on the challenges it poses for managers and business leaders. It is argued that in today’s bimoral ...
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This book explores the evolution and origins of contemporary moral culture, with a particular focus on the challenges it poses for managers and business leaders. It is argued that in today’s bimoral society, people govern their lives by two contrasting sets of principles: those associated with traditional morality and its duties and obligations, which remain powerful even though the authorities supporting them have been considerably weakened; and those associated with the pursuit of self-interest, which have escaped their traditional constraints and acquired a degree of social legitimacy unparalleled in history. The tensions arising from this situation are apparent in all areas of social life, but are especially so in business. The same developments that have led to the bimoral society have also led to new, more flexible forms of organizing that have released people’s entrepreneurial energies and significantly enhanced the creative capacities of business organizations. Working within such organizational cultures, however, is fraught with moral tensions as obligations and self-interest conflict and managers are pulled in all sorts of different directions. As the technical problem-solving that previously characterized managerial work is increasingly accomplished by technology and market mechanisms, the key tasks of management become those of political and moral leadership: determining purposes and priorities, reconciling divergent interests, and nurturing trust in interpersonal relationships. The book also explores the challenge for societies developing forms of corporate governance appropriate to the new environment.Less
This book explores the evolution and origins of contemporary moral culture, with a particular focus on the challenges it poses for managers and business leaders. It is argued that in today’s bimoral society, people govern their lives by two contrasting sets of principles: those associated with traditional morality and its duties and obligations, which remain powerful even though the authorities supporting them have been considerably weakened; and those associated with the pursuit of self-interest, which have escaped their traditional constraints and acquired a degree of social legitimacy unparalleled in history. The tensions arising from this situation are apparent in all areas of social life, but are especially so in business. The same developments that have led to the bimoral society have also led to new, more flexible forms of organizing that have released people’s entrepreneurial energies and significantly enhanced the creative capacities of business organizations. Working within such organizational cultures, however, is fraught with moral tensions as obligations and self-interest conflict and managers are pulled in all sorts of different directions. As the technical problem-solving that previously characterized managerial work is increasingly accomplished by technology and market mechanisms, the key tasks of management become those of political and moral leadership: determining purposes and priorities, reconciling divergent interests, and nurturing trust in interpersonal relationships. The book also explores the challenge for societies developing forms of corporate governance appropriate to the new environment.
Yiannis Gabriel
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198290957
- eISBN:
- 9780191684845
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198290957.003.0005
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies
This chapter locates storytelling within the cultural fabric of different organizations and examines what stories can tell researchers about these organizations and their cultures. The chapter offers ...
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This chapter locates storytelling within the cultural fabric of different organizations and examines what stories can tell researchers about these organizations and their cultures. The chapter offers further illustrations of interpretation, elaborating the relationship between the fantasy life of individuals and groups and an organization's cultural artefacts, such as stories, jokes, and symbols. The chapter concludes with a detailed discussion of one particular story, encountered in a navy training camp. This story is shown to be the point of convergence for a number of fantasies held by organizational participants. This chapter argues that certain fantasies, instead of integrating individuals and groups into the organization, enable participants to distance themselves from it by presenting the organization as an object of derision and disparagement. Organizational culture and its artefacts equip the individual with protective armour against the type of misfortune and suffering that characterize contemporary organizations. Organizational culture, like all culture, has a consolatory function, compensating for the frustrations of life in organizations.Less
This chapter locates storytelling within the cultural fabric of different organizations and examines what stories can tell researchers about these organizations and their cultures. The chapter offers further illustrations of interpretation, elaborating the relationship between the fantasy life of individuals and groups and an organization's cultural artefacts, such as stories, jokes, and symbols. The chapter concludes with a detailed discussion of one particular story, encountered in a navy training camp. This story is shown to be the point of convergence for a number of fantasies held by organizational participants. This chapter argues that certain fantasies, instead of integrating individuals and groups into the organization, enable participants to distance themselves from it by presenting the organization as an object of derision and disparagement. Organizational culture and its artefacts equip the individual with protective armour against the type of misfortune and suffering that characterize contemporary organizations. Organizational culture, like all culture, has a consolatory function, compensating for the frustrations of life in organizations.
DAVID A. NADLER, michael l. tushman, and mark b. nadler
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195099171
- eISBN:
- 9780199854868
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195099171.003.0010
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies
In the early 1980s, General Motors attempted to implement the GM-10 program, which entailed gathering resources from various aspects of the corporation and establishing a single unit concerned with ...
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In the early 1980s, General Motors attempted to implement the GM-10 program, which entailed gathering resources from various aspects of the corporation and establishing a single unit concerned with the entire process of producing new mid-sized cars to address the increasing competition in the market. However, the company seemingly proved to be incapable of pulling off such a setup since those that comprise GM are protective of its own bounds and resources. Chaos resulted from the attempts that GM made at reconstructing the company into two major groups. As this chapter identifies the mistakes made by GM, it examines the implementation of organization designs, specifically those that address the issue of managing organizational culture.Less
In the early 1980s, General Motors attempted to implement the GM-10 program, which entailed gathering resources from various aspects of the corporation and establishing a single unit concerned with the entire process of producing new mid-sized cars to address the increasing competition in the market. However, the company seemingly proved to be incapable of pulling off such a setup since those that comprise GM are protective of its own bounds and resources. Chaos resulted from the attempts that GM made at reconstructing the company into two major groups. As this chapter identifies the mistakes made by GM, it examines the implementation of organization designs, specifically those that address the issue of managing organizational culture.
Donald Palmer
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199573592
- eISBN:
- 9780191738715
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199573592.003.0005
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies, Corporate Governance and Accountability
This chapter presents the culture explanation of organizational wrongdoing. This explanation is the second dominant account of organizational wrongdoing considered in the book. It is rooted in a ...
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This chapter presents the culture explanation of organizational wrongdoing. This explanation is the second dominant account of organizational wrongdoing considered in the book. It is rooted in a theoretical perspective that views organizations as communities and organizational participants as normative appropriateness assessors. The chapter describes the basic concepts of cultural analysis. It then elaborates two ways that organizational cultures can facilitate wrongdoing: by endorsing wrongdoing and by stipulating extenuating circumstances in which wrongdoing can be considered acceptable (that is, by promulgating techniques of neutralization). It describes how people come to embrace their organization's culture (that is, how employees are socialized into wrongdoing) and delineates how cultures that facilitate wrongdoing arise and can be eradicated. It also considers the relationship between the rational choice and culture explanations of organizational wrongdoing. The chapter concludes by offering an overall assessment of the culture account.Less
This chapter presents the culture explanation of organizational wrongdoing. This explanation is the second dominant account of organizational wrongdoing considered in the book. It is rooted in a theoretical perspective that views organizations as communities and organizational participants as normative appropriateness assessors. The chapter describes the basic concepts of cultural analysis. It then elaborates two ways that organizational cultures can facilitate wrongdoing: by endorsing wrongdoing and by stipulating extenuating circumstances in which wrongdoing can be considered acceptable (that is, by promulgating techniques of neutralization). It describes how people come to embrace their organization's culture (that is, how employees are socialized into wrongdoing) and delineates how cultures that facilitate wrongdoing arise and can be eradicated. It also considers the relationship between the rational choice and culture explanations of organizational wrongdoing. The chapter concludes by offering an overall assessment of the culture account.
Lawrence A. Palinkas
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195398489
- eISBN:
- 9780199928583
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195398489.003.0005
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
This chapter considers the methodological challenges and strategies at the organizational level of the translation process. Organizational factors include organizational structure, culture and ...
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This chapter considers the methodological challenges and strategies at the organizational level of the translation process. Organizational factors include organizational structure, culture and climate, work attitudes, leadership, social influences, and readiness or support for innovation. We review the quantitative and qualitative methods used to examine these associations and to influence the process of translating research into practice. The challenges to conducting translational research resulting from these associations are examined, along with a case study of a statewide randomized clinical trial of the effectiveness of an evidence-based practice designed to reduce child neglect and out-of-home placements by child welfare agencies. A mixed-methods study conducted in parallel with the effectiveness trial highlights the effects of the participating agencies on EBP implementation and the reciprocal effects of EBP implementation on the culture and climate of the agencies. Finally, suggestions for developing the infrastructure for conducting such research are offered.Less
This chapter considers the methodological challenges and strategies at the organizational level of the translation process. Organizational factors include organizational structure, culture and climate, work attitudes, leadership, social influences, and readiness or support for innovation. We review the quantitative and qualitative methods used to examine these associations and to influence the process of translating research into practice. The challenges to conducting translational research resulting from these associations are examined, along with a case study of a statewide randomized clinical trial of the effectiveness of an evidence-based practice designed to reduce child neglect and out-of-home placements by child welfare agencies. A mixed-methods study conducted in parallel with the effectiveness trial highlights the effects of the participating agencies on EBP implementation and the reciprocal effects of EBP implementation on the culture and climate of the agencies. Finally, suggestions for developing the infrastructure for conducting such research are offered.
Amy J. Binder and Kate Wood
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691145372
- eISBN:
- 9781400844876
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691145372.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Education
This book examines how universities, in tandem with the broader political culture, cultivate distinctive styles of conservatism. Focusing on Eastern Elite University and Western Flagship University ...
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This book examines how universities, in tandem with the broader political culture, cultivate distinctive styles of conservatism. Focusing on Eastern Elite University and Western Flagship University (both pseudonyms), it explores the organizational structures and cultures that shape conservative students' thinking and action, and particularly their political activism. The book shows that conservative students on any given campus share unique, local repertoires of conservative ideas and styles that differ from those available on other campuses. The argument is that colleges nurture and enhance particular forms of student conservatism that have important implications for American politics in general. This introduction explains the book's research methodology and provides a background on Eastern Elite University and the Western Flagship University. It also gives an overview of the chapters that follow.Less
This book examines how universities, in tandem with the broader political culture, cultivate distinctive styles of conservatism. Focusing on Eastern Elite University and Western Flagship University (both pseudonyms), it explores the organizational structures and cultures that shape conservative students' thinking and action, and particularly their political activism. The book shows that conservative students on any given campus share unique, local repertoires of conservative ideas and styles that differ from those available on other campuses. The argument is that colleges nurture and enhance particular forms of student conservatism that have important implications for American politics in general. This introduction explains the book's research methodology and provides a background on Eastern Elite University and the Western Flagship University. It also gives an overview of the chapters that follow.
Chris Argyris and Ian Smith
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199586165
- eISBN:
- 9780191702426
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199586165.003.0005
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies, Strategy
The literature on culture suggests that Traps and culture are phenomena that are beyond the individual level of analysis. Traps and culture can be conceptualized as ‘supra’ human phenomena with a ...
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The literature on culture suggests that Traps and culture are phenomena that are beyond the individual level of analysis. Traps and culture can be conceptualized as ‘supra’ human phenomena with a causality of their own. This chapter argues that this perspective is flawed. Generalizations about cultural change contain fundamental inconsistencies and gaps that can only be overcome by rejecting the claim that Traps are seemingly part of the sociological level. It is counterproductive to separate the individual from the sociological level. Indeed, without including the individual level of analysis, attempts to reduce Traps will not only fail, they will actually strengthen Traps. This, in turn, will result in inconsistencies and gaps that will strengthen the perseverance of Traps and the flawed generalizations about them. The chapter illustrates the reasoning behind this claim by describing several patterns of responses that were identified when reviewing the literature on culture.Less
The literature on culture suggests that Traps and culture are phenomena that are beyond the individual level of analysis. Traps and culture can be conceptualized as ‘supra’ human phenomena with a causality of their own. This chapter argues that this perspective is flawed. Generalizations about cultural change contain fundamental inconsistencies and gaps that can only be overcome by rejecting the claim that Traps are seemingly part of the sociological level. It is counterproductive to separate the individual from the sociological level. Indeed, without including the individual level of analysis, attempts to reduce Traps will not only fail, they will actually strengthen Traps. This, in turn, will result in inconsistencies and gaps that will strengthen the perseverance of Traps and the flawed generalizations about them. The chapter illustrates the reasoning behind this claim by describing several patterns of responses that were identified when reviewing the literature on culture.
