C. C. W. Taylor
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199226399
- eISBN:
- 9780191710209
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199226399.003.0015
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Ancient Philosophy
This chapter reconsiders the question of whether Socrates is represented in the Protagoras as maintaining some version of hedonism in his own person, or merely arguing ad hominem that the sophists ...
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This chapter reconsiders the question of whether Socrates is represented in the Protagoras as maintaining some version of hedonism in his own person, or merely arguing ad hominem that the sophists and/or ordinary people are committed to hedonism. While the author had previously maintained the former, the present chapter argues — by close attention to the details of the text — that Plato deliberately leaves the question open. It is suggested that he does so because the cognitive theory of the early dialogues needs to be supplemented by an account of the good, and that he wished to explore the theory that pleasure is the good without explicitly endorsing it.Less
This chapter reconsiders the question of whether Socrates is represented in the Protagoras as maintaining some version of hedonism in his own person, or merely arguing ad hominem that the sophists and/or ordinary people are committed to hedonism. While the author had previously maintained the former, the present chapter argues — by close attention to the details of the text — that Plato deliberately leaves the question open. It is suggested that he does so because the cognitive theory of the early dialogues needs to be supplemented by an account of the good, and that he wished to explore the theory that pleasure is the good without explicitly endorsing it.
Paul Glennie and Nigel Thrift
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199278206
- eISBN:
- 9780191699979
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199278206.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History, Social History
‘Everyday life’ and ‘ordinary people’ refer to a broad collection of non-elite people, actions, and places that involve large amounts of temporal specialization in conducting activities out of ...
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‘Everyday life’ and ‘ordinary people’ refer to a broad collection of non-elite people, actions, and places that involve large amounts of temporal specialization in conducting activities out of necessity. There is a need to re-establish the societal and geographical dimensions of everyday clock time, such as time as a resource for expressing time and other related purposes, since this is often taken for granted. This chapter focuses on the use of clock-time in everyday situations and the precision attributed to clock-time practices in early modern England. Attention is drawn to everyday temporal communities wherein clock-time practices contribute to ‘non-disciplinary’ aspects of time and society, instead of to the specialized communities that make use of specific clock times or to disciplinary organizations that produce formal documentation.Less
‘Everyday life’ and ‘ordinary people’ refer to a broad collection of non-elite people, actions, and places that involve large amounts of temporal specialization in conducting activities out of necessity. There is a need to re-establish the societal and geographical dimensions of everyday clock time, such as time as a resource for expressing time and other related purposes, since this is often taken for granted. This chapter focuses on the use of clock-time in everyday situations and the precision attributed to clock-time practices in early modern England. Attention is drawn to everyday temporal communities wherein clock-time practices contribute to ‘non-disciplinary’ aspects of time and society, instead of to the specialized communities that make use of specific clock times or to disciplinary organizations that produce formal documentation.
Su Holmes
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748627523
- eISBN:
- 9780748671212
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748627523.003.0006
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Television
Long before reality TV, ‘ordinary’ people provided a core spectacle in the quiz show — the genre invites ‘ordinary’ people into the ‘special’ space of television. This chapter examines how this ...
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Long before reality TV, ‘ordinary’ people provided a core spectacle in the quiz show — the genre invites ‘ordinary’ people into the ‘special’ space of television. This chapter examines how this ‘ordinariness’ is necessarily a construction, and how this is played out within the particular generic framework of the quiz show. It examines the delimited roles on offer to the contestant (the relations of power in which they perform in the genre), and explores instances when contestants seek to disrupt the cultural rules of the game space. The chapter then examines how (much like reality TV today), there has always been a particular anxiety surrounding discourses of ‘authenticity’ where the quiz show contestant is concerned. The chapter ends by considering the predominance of white males in the genre, examining the marginalisation of women, and the (even greater) marginalisation of contestants from ethnic minorities.Less
Long before reality TV, ‘ordinary’ people provided a core spectacle in the quiz show — the genre invites ‘ordinary’ people into the ‘special’ space of television. This chapter examines how this ‘ordinariness’ is necessarily a construction, and how this is played out within the particular generic framework of the quiz show. It examines the delimited roles on offer to the contestant (the relations of power in which they perform in the genre), and explores instances when contestants seek to disrupt the cultural rules of the game space. The chapter then examines how (much like reality TV today), there has always been a particular anxiety surrounding discourses of ‘authenticity’ where the quiz show contestant is concerned. The chapter ends by considering the predominance of white males in the genre, examining the marginalisation of women, and the (even greater) marginalisation of contestants from ethnic minorities.
Su Holmes
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748627523
- eISBN:
- 9780748671212
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748627523.001.0001
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Television
The quiz show has often been marginalised in studies of popular television. This book seeks to redress this neglect, while revisiting, updating and expanding on existing scholarship. Moving across ...
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The quiz show has often been marginalised in studies of popular television. This book seeks to redress this neglect, while revisiting, updating and expanding on existing scholarship. Moving across programmes such as Double Your Money, Twenty-One, The Price is Right, Who Wants to be a Millionaire and The Weakest Link to the controversial ‘Call TV Quiz’ phenomenon, topics covered include the relationship between quiz shows and genre; the early broadcast history of the quiz show, questions of institutional regulation; quiz show form; ‘ordinary’ people as performers, and the relationship between the quiz show and its audience. The book primarily focuses on the British context, from the origins of the broadcast quiz show to the present day, but it also examines the relations with, and influence of, the American context.Less
The quiz show has often been marginalised in studies of popular television. This book seeks to redress this neglect, while revisiting, updating and expanding on existing scholarship. Moving across programmes such as Double Your Money, Twenty-One, The Price is Right, Who Wants to be a Millionaire and The Weakest Link to the controversial ‘Call TV Quiz’ phenomenon, topics covered include the relationship between quiz shows and genre; the early broadcast history of the quiz show, questions of institutional regulation; quiz show form; ‘ordinary’ people as performers, and the relationship between the quiz show and its audience. The book primarily focuses on the British context, from the origins of the broadcast quiz show to the present day, but it also examines the relations with, and influence of, the American context.
Theodore Zeldin
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198221777
- eISBN:
- 9780191678493
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198221777.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter reveals the ambitions of ordinary people who never became very rich, who founded no dynasty or long-lasting company, and who lived in the middle and lower ranks of the business world. It ...
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This chapter reveals the ambitions of ordinary people who never became very rich, who founded no dynasty or long-lasting company, and who lived in the middle and lower ranks of the business world. It emphasises that the character of a society is greatly influenced by the form the ambitions of such people take, and by the extent to which they are satisfied or frustrated. This chapter further elaborates on how parents and children viewed ambition in France, as there were strong traditions that led parents to send their children into the civil service, or alternatively the liberal professions, and that these careers, once embarked upon, were frequently passed on from father to son. This chapter accentuates that by the end of the century, with the expansion of education, it was becoming clear that the direction of ambitions would have to be altered, since the mass production of bacheliers was assuming excessive proportions.Less
This chapter reveals the ambitions of ordinary people who never became very rich, who founded no dynasty or long-lasting company, and who lived in the middle and lower ranks of the business world. It emphasises that the character of a society is greatly influenced by the form the ambitions of such people take, and by the extent to which they are satisfied or frustrated. This chapter further elaborates on how parents and children viewed ambition in France, as there were strong traditions that led parents to send their children into the civil service, or alternatively the liberal professions, and that these careers, once embarked upon, were frequently passed on from father to son. This chapter accentuates that by the end of the century, with the expansion of education, it was becoming clear that the direction of ambitions would have to be altered, since the mass production of bacheliers was assuming excessive proportions.
Peter Biller
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199265596
- eISBN:
- 9780191699085
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199265596.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History, History of Ideas
This chapter reviews medieval texts which are traces of priests dealing with ordinary people, looking at some examples from three periods, around 900, 1200, and 1300. It covers the Two books on ...
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This chapter reviews medieval texts which are traces of priests dealing with ordinary people, looking at some examples from three periods, around 900, 1200, and 1300. It covers the Two books on synodal cases and ecclesiastical disciplines written in 906 by a Rhinelander, Regino of Prüm, and pastoral texts.Less
This chapter reviews medieval texts which are traces of priests dealing with ordinary people, looking at some examples from three periods, around 900, 1200, and 1300. It covers the Two books on synodal cases and ecclesiastical disciplines written in 906 by a Rhinelander, Regino of Prüm, and pastoral texts.
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226309095
- eISBN:
- 9780226309088
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226309088.003.0008
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
This chapter focuses on the group or class of talk-show guests more peripheral to the “experts” genre. Why do experts participate in a forum that often seems ill suited—even hostile—to rational ...
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This chapter focuses on the group or class of talk-show guests more peripheral to the “experts” genre. Why do experts participate in a forum that often seems ill suited—even hostile—to rational discussion and debate? How is expertise packaged and sold for mass consumption? How does the clash of agendas between producers and guests play itself out when the guests are experts rather than ordinary people? Experts—and particularly intellectuals—occupy a paradoxical position in American society. As Goldfarb notes, democracies need the specialized knowledge and creative capacities that intellectuals and other experts contribute because the democratic process requires an informed and critical citizenry, yet experts are still viewed with suspicion since hierarchy is questioned as a matter of fundamental principle. In the United States, this conflict dates back to the earliest years of colonial development, and it became more pronounced in the aftermath of the Industrial Revolution.Less
This chapter focuses on the group or class of talk-show guests more peripheral to the “experts” genre. Why do experts participate in a forum that often seems ill suited—even hostile—to rational discussion and debate? How is expertise packaged and sold for mass consumption? How does the clash of agendas between producers and guests play itself out when the guests are experts rather than ordinary people? Experts—and particularly intellectuals—occupy a paradoxical position in American society. As Goldfarb notes, democracies need the specialized knowledge and creative capacities that intellectuals and other experts contribute because the democratic process requires an informed and critical citizenry, yet experts are still viewed with suspicion since hierarchy is questioned as a matter of fundamental principle. In the United States, this conflict dates back to the earliest years of colonial development, and it became more pronounced in the aftermath of the Industrial Revolution.
John Watts
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199285464
- eISBN:
- 9780191700330
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199285464.003.0018
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
A distinctive feature of English history from the later 14th century to the middle of the 16th is the recurrence of mass popular insurrections presenting collective grievances to the king. In 1381, ...
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A distinctive feature of English history from the later 14th century to the middle of the 16th is the recurrence of mass popular insurrections presenting collective grievances to the king. In 1381, 1450, and 1497, the rebels, or petitioners, marched on London to obtain redress. Similar moves were planned, but headed off, in 1536 and perhaps also 1549. In each rising the leaders stressed their loyalty to the king, their concern with the common welfare of the realm, and their representation of common opinion. After 1381 they also enunciated a clear sense of public duty. While the government responded punitively in the aftermath of each insurrection, its initial reactions were typically more muted. In part, this was pragmatism — a reflection of the sheer difficulty of countering popular revolt when the whole political and military apparatus depended so heavily on the compliance of local people; but it was also a tacit recognition that displays of common dissatisfaction possessed some legitimacy. If remedy was sought by the ‘commons’, or ‘commoners’, or ‘community’, whether they rose for truth, freedom, the honour and welfare of the king, or the common weal or the commonwealth, the ruler might feel an obligation to listen. This chapter focuses on the claim on the part of the participants to be, and to represent, the ‘commons’. It argues that the full significance of this claim has not been widely appreciated; that the changing meanings of ‘common’ terminology have gone unrecognized; and that the consequences of these changes have been under-explored.Less
A distinctive feature of English history from the later 14th century to the middle of the 16th is the recurrence of mass popular insurrections presenting collective grievances to the king. In 1381, 1450, and 1497, the rebels, or petitioners, marched on London to obtain redress. Similar moves were planned, but headed off, in 1536 and perhaps also 1549. In each rising the leaders stressed their loyalty to the king, their concern with the common welfare of the realm, and their representation of common opinion. After 1381 they also enunciated a clear sense of public duty. While the government responded punitively in the aftermath of each insurrection, its initial reactions were typically more muted. In part, this was pragmatism — a reflection of the sheer difficulty of countering popular revolt when the whole political and military apparatus depended so heavily on the compliance of local people; but it was also a tacit recognition that displays of common dissatisfaction possessed some legitimacy. If remedy was sought by the ‘commons’, or ‘commoners’, or ‘community’, whether they rose for truth, freedom, the honour and welfare of the king, or the common weal or the commonwealth, the ruler might feel an obligation to listen. This chapter focuses on the claim on the part of the participants to be, and to represent, the ‘commons’. It argues that the full significance of this claim has not been widely appreciated; that the changing meanings of ‘common’ terminology have gone unrecognized; and that the consequences of these changes have been under-explored.
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226309095
- eISBN:
- 9780226309088
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226309088.003.0009
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
There are serious problems with talk shows: They give ordinary people a voice, but only a certain kind of voice, only under certain conditions, and only according to certain rules. In Foucauldian ...
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There are serious problems with talk shows: They give ordinary people a voice, but only a certain kind of voice, only under certain conditions, and only according to certain rules. In Foucauldian terms, they extend the visibility of marginalized groups, but the nature of this visibility simultaneously creates fresh opportunities for marginalization. At the same time, the critical condemnation of the genre as trashy and debased is not any less classifying than the genre's initial stereotypical association of emotional and physical expressiveness with ordinary people. However much a matter of consensus, this condemnation further contributes to the marginalization of guests when it confuses middle-class notions of civility with morality and when it takes for granted a set of cultural codes in which divisions of taste mask and reinforce divisions of class. There are serious problems with talk shows, but there are serious problems with the “respectable” media, too, and even more serious problems with society at large.Less
There are serious problems with talk shows: They give ordinary people a voice, but only a certain kind of voice, only under certain conditions, and only according to certain rules. In Foucauldian terms, they extend the visibility of marginalized groups, but the nature of this visibility simultaneously creates fresh opportunities for marginalization. At the same time, the critical condemnation of the genre as trashy and debased is not any less classifying than the genre's initial stereotypical association of emotional and physical expressiveness with ordinary people. However much a matter of consensus, this condemnation further contributes to the marginalization of guests when it confuses middle-class notions of civility with morality and when it takes for granted a set of cultural codes in which divisions of taste mask and reinforce divisions of class. There are serious problems with talk shows, but there are serious problems with the “respectable” media, too, and even more serious problems with society at large.
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226309095
- eISBN:
- 9780226309088
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226309088.003.0004
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
Producers strive to elicit the money shot because they require visible evidence of a guest's emotional state. At the same time, because any one producer has only five or six days to prepare for a ...
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Producers strive to elicit the money shot because they require visible evidence of a guest's emotional state. At the same time, because any one producer has only five or six days to prepare for a show, producers must make these seemingly spontaneous and unpredictable moments predictable and routine. Organizations routinize tasks whenever possible in order to facilitate the control of work. Routinization would seem especially important—albeit especially challenging—when the work involves the intentional orchestration of emotional or volatile situations. Thus, producers employ a variety of strategies and practices to streamline the difficult process of putting ordinary people on television. In doing so, they draw largely on the codes and conventions of journalism as well as the production of late-night talk shows. While the parallels to late-night talk are, perhaps, more obvious (daytime talk merely replacing celebrity guests with ordinary people), the production of daytime talk is also systematically organized behind the scenes much like the production of news.Less
Producers strive to elicit the money shot because they require visible evidence of a guest's emotional state. At the same time, because any one producer has only five or six days to prepare for a show, producers must make these seemingly spontaneous and unpredictable moments predictable and routine. Organizations routinize tasks whenever possible in order to facilitate the control of work. Routinization would seem especially important—albeit especially challenging—when the work involves the intentional orchestration of emotional or volatile situations. Thus, producers employ a variety of strategies and practices to streamline the difficult process of putting ordinary people on television. In doing so, they draw largely on the codes and conventions of journalism as well as the production of late-night talk shows. While the parallels to late-night talk are, perhaps, more obvious (daytime talk merely replacing celebrity guests with ordinary people), the production of daytime talk is also systematically organized behind the scenes much like the production of news.
Michael S. Evans
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780520285071
- eISBN:
- 9780520960664
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520285071.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter argues that representatives and ordinary people disagree over what counts as good debate, refuting the explanation that representatives do what they do because ordinary people want them ...
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This chapter argues that representatives and ordinary people disagree over what counts as good debate, refuting the explanation that representatives do what they do because ordinary people want them to do it. In contrast to representatives, ordinary people think that good debate means engagement and deliberation. The key problem in these debates is that representatives participate in ways that conflict with what ordinary persons expect. The result is that ordinary persons negatively evaluate representatives and debates on normative grounds. For example, elected politicians are discounted in public debate because they are seen as incapable or unwilling to engage meaningfully with serious issues.Less
This chapter argues that representatives and ordinary people disagree over what counts as good debate, refuting the explanation that representatives do what they do because ordinary people want them to do it. In contrast to representatives, ordinary people think that good debate means engagement and deliberation. The key problem in these debates is that representatives participate in ways that conflict with what ordinary persons expect. The result is that ordinary persons negatively evaluate representatives and debates on normative grounds. For example, elected politicians are discounted in public debate because they are seen as incapable or unwilling to engage meaningfully with serious issues.
Adam Bronson
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824855338
- eISBN:
- 9780824869120
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824855338.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
In the late forties, Science of Thought conducted statistical surveys and interviews, and produced content analyses of popular movies, novels, and comic books in an unusual experiment to probe the ...
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In the late forties, Science of Thought conducted statistical surveys and interviews, and produced content analyses of popular movies, novels, and comic books in an unusual experiment to probe the mind of the “common man.” This was part of the early interdisciplinary research project on the “Philosophy of Ordinary People,” (Hitobito no tetsugaku). The project was significant as an experiment in redefining the scope of philosophy in postwar Japan. Researchers asserted that the implicit “philosophy” (tetsugaku) that structured the everyday life of a fireman, for example, was no less worthy of intellectual exegesis than the works of famous philosophers. The results of their investigation suggested that “common folks” were generally pragmatic thinkers, yet the empirical results of their research were less important than their focus on blurring the distinction between highbrow and lowbrow culture by treating daily life as a series of philosophical dilemmas.Less
In the late forties, Science of Thought conducted statistical surveys and interviews, and produced content analyses of popular movies, novels, and comic books in an unusual experiment to probe the mind of the “common man.” This was part of the early interdisciplinary research project on the “Philosophy of Ordinary People,” (Hitobito no tetsugaku). The project was significant as an experiment in redefining the scope of philosophy in postwar Japan. Researchers asserted that the implicit “philosophy” (tetsugaku) that structured the everyday life of a fireman, for example, was no less worthy of intellectual exegesis than the works of famous philosophers. The results of their investigation suggested that “common folks” were generally pragmatic thinkers, yet the empirical results of their research were less important than their focus on blurring the distinction between highbrow and lowbrow culture by treating daily life as a series of philosophical dilemmas.
Paul Iganski
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861349408
- eISBN:
- 9781447302476
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861349408.003.0002
- Subject:
- Social Work, Crime and Justice
The experiences of victims show that in general, ‘hate crime’ offenders are not an aberration, or politically motivated extremists confined to the margins of society. Instead, many are ‘ordinary’ ...
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The experiences of victims show that in general, ‘hate crime’ offenders are not an aberration, or politically motivated extremists confined to the margins of society. Instead, many are ‘ordinary’ people who offend in the unfolding contexts of their everyday lives. The ordinariness of offenders and offending is arguably a further key dimension in the conceptualisation of ‘hate crime’, when victims' experiences are placed at the centre of understanding about ‘hate crime’. This line of argument is pursued in this chapter in the spirit of conceptualising ‘hate crime’ as a scholarly domain characterised by an analysis of the commonalities and differences between various forms of oppressive violence. In that spirit, this chapter unravels the situational dynamics of anti-Jewish, anti-Muslim and other racist incidents, incidents against people with a disability and homophobic incidents. It illuminates the connections between background structure and the foreground of offender action in cases of ‘hate crime’, providing the missing link between the macro-societal ideological edifice and the micro-level actions of offenders.Less
The experiences of victims show that in general, ‘hate crime’ offenders are not an aberration, or politically motivated extremists confined to the margins of society. Instead, many are ‘ordinary’ people who offend in the unfolding contexts of their everyday lives. The ordinariness of offenders and offending is arguably a further key dimension in the conceptualisation of ‘hate crime’, when victims' experiences are placed at the centre of understanding about ‘hate crime’. This line of argument is pursued in this chapter in the spirit of conceptualising ‘hate crime’ as a scholarly domain characterised by an analysis of the commonalities and differences between various forms of oppressive violence. In that spirit, this chapter unravels the situational dynamics of anti-Jewish, anti-Muslim and other racist incidents, incidents against people with a disability and homophobic incidents. It illuminates the connections between background structure and the foreground of offender action in cases of ‘hate crime’, providing the missing link between the macro-societal ideological edifice and the micro-level actions of offenders.
Richard Holt
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780192852298
- eISBN:
- 9780191670541
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192852298.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Social History
This history goes beyond the great names and moments to explain how British sport has changed since 1800, and what it has meant to ordinary people. It shows how the way we play reflects not just our ...
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This history goes beyond the great names and moments to explain how British sport has changed since 1800, and what it has meant to ordinary people. It shows how the way we play reflects not just our lives as citizens of a predominantly urban and industrial world, but what is especially distinctive about British sport. Innovators in abandoning traditional, often brutal sports, and in establishing a code of ‘fair play’, the British were also pioneers in popular sports and in the promotion of organized spectator events. Modern media coverage of sport, gambling, violence, and attitudes towards it; nationalism; and the role of sport in sustaining male identity are also explored, and the book is rich in anecdotes, which it combines with a serious historical understanding of the subject at hand.Less
This history goes beyond the great names and moments to explain how British sport has changed since 1800, and what it has meant to ordinary people. It shows how the way we play reflects not just our lives as citizens of a predominantly urban and industrial world, but what is especially distinctive about British sport. Innovators in abandoning traditional, often brutal sports, and in establishing a code of ‘fair play’, the British were also pioneers in popular sports and in the promotion of organized spectator events. Modern media coverage of sport, gambling, violence, and attitudes towards it; nationalism; and the role of sport in sustaining male identity are also explored, and the book is rich in anecdotes, which it combines with a serious historical understanding of the subject at hand.
Todd M. Endelman
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- February 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781904113010
- eISBN:
- 9781800342606
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781904113010.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
This book seeks to expand the horizons of modern Jewish historiography by focusing on 'ordinary' rather than exceptional Jews, arguing that what ordinary people did or felt can do more to deepen our ...
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This book seeks to expand the horizons of modern Jewish historiography by focusing on 'ordinary' rather than exceptional Jews, arguing that what ordinary people did or felt can do more to deepen our understanding of Jewish history than what a few exceptional individuals thought and wrote. The book makes a strong case for comparative history, showing convincingly that only a comparison across national borders can identify the Germanness of German Jewish history or the Englishness of English Jewish history, and thereby reveal what is unique about each. The book redefines the area under consideration and deftly restates the need for Jewish social history to counterbalance the current focus on cultural studies. The book offers an important examination of the major trends in the writing of modern Jewish history and the assumptions that have guided historians in their narration of the Jewish past. It shows in particular how the two watershed events of twentieth-century Jewish history — the Holocaust and the establishment of the State of Israel — influenced Jewish historiography for decades thereafter. It also demonstrates how progressive integration into the scholarly framework of American academia has shaped both the form and the content of Jewish historical research. Each of the case studies focuses on a largely unknown figure whose career illustrates the often tortuous paths of integration and acceptance that Jews faced. Some achieved fleeting fame but many of the people who populate the volume remain altogether unknown, their histories recoverable only as statistics.Less
This book seeks to expand the horizons of modern Jewish historiography by focusing on 'ordinary' rather than exceptional Jews, arguing that what ordinary people did or felt can do more to deepen our understanding of Jewish history than what a few exceptional individuals thought and wrote. The book makes a strong case for comparative history, showing convincingly that only a comparison across national borders can identify the Germanness of German Jewish history or the Englishness of English Jewish history, and thereby reveal what is unique about each. The book redefines the area under consideration and deftly restates the need for Jewish social history to counterbalance the current focus on cultural studies. The book offers an important examination of the major trends in the writing of modern Jewish history and the assumptions that have guided historians in their narration of the Jewish past. It shows in particular how the two watershed events of twentieth-century Jewish history — the Holocaust and the establishment of the State of Israel — influenced Jewish historiography for decades thereafter. It also demonstrates how progressive integration into the scholarly framework of American academia has shaped both the form and the content of Jewish historical research. Each of the case studies focuses on a largely unknown figure whose career illustrates the often tortuous paths of integration and acceptance that Jews faced. Some achieved fleeting fame but many of the people who populate the volume remain altogether unknown, their histories recoverable only as statistics.
Simon Partner
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520217928
- eISBN:
- 9780520923171
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520217928.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Occupations, Professions, and Work
This chapter focuses on the significant new developments after the war—developments that were the product of a catastrophic defeat attributable in part to the failure of Japanese technology. It ...
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This chapter focuses on the significant new developments after the war—developments that were the product of a catastrophic defeat attributable in part to the failure of Japanese technology. It explores the visions that established business leaders, bureaucrats, and entrepreneurs, as well as ordinary Japanese people, developed during the formative years of the Allied Occupation of Japan (1945–1952). The chapter explains that during these early postwar years, Japanese businessmen and others began quite consciously to search for the keys to the immense prosperity of the United States—a prosperity which was all the more tantalizing given its contrast with life in a Japan prostrate from defeat. It notes that although these visions were diverse and often contested, key protagonists in this story focused on a few common themes which were to unlock, for them, the gates to prosperity.Less
This chapter focuses on the significant new developments after the war—developments that were the product of a catastrophic defeat attributable in part to the failure of Japanese technology. It explores the visions that established business leaders, bureaucrats, and entrepreneurs, as well as ordinary Japanese people, developed during the formative years of the Allied Occupation of Japan (1945–1952). The chapter explains that during these early postwar years, Japanese businessmen and others began quite consciously to search for the keys to the immense prosperity of the United States—a prosperity which was all the more tantalizing given its contrast with life in a Japan prostrate from defeat. It notes that although these visions were diverse and often contested, key protagonists in this story focused on a few common themes which were to unlock, for them, the gates to prosperity.
Su Holmes
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748627523
- eISBN:
- 9780748671212
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748627523.003.0007
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Television
Although quiz shows often encourage us to ‘play’ along, and they encode the participation of the audience into their textual form, there have been virtually no audience studies in this sphere. This ...
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Although quiz shows often encourage us to ‘play’ along, and they encode the participation of the audience into their textual form, there have been virtually no audience studies in this sphere. This chapter seeks to address this neglect. Moving from the early broadcast origins of the quiz show up until the advent of ‘interactive’ television, it considers the ways in which the viewer at home has been encouraged to participate. It then moves on to explore how fan cultures on the internet offer insights into audience interaction with the quiz show (and its cultural politics). But as such fans are also often contestants, the chapter returns to the questions of ‘performance’ and ‘authenticity’ examined in Chapter 5.Less
Although quiz shows often encourage us to ‘play’ along, and they encode the participation of the audience into their textual form, there have been virtually no audience studies in this sphere. This chapter seeks to address this neglect. Moving from the early broadcast origins of the quiz show up until the advent of ‘interactive’ television, it considers the ways in which the viewer at home has been encouraged to participate. It then moves on to explore how fan cultures on the internet offer insights into audience interaction with the quiz show (and its cultural politics). But as such fans are also often contestants, the chapter returns to the questions of ‘performance’ and ‘authenticity’ examined in Chapter 5.
Catherine Russell
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719085055
- eISBN:
- 9781526109958
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719085055.003.0013
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This chapter frames the Japanese cinema and TV genre of ‘home drama’ shomin-geki,, as a sensory mode of ethnography about ‘ordinary people’, which is nevertheless virtual—a phantasmagoria of cultural ...
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This chapter frames the Japanese cinema and TV genre of ‘home drama’ shomin-geki,, as a sensory mode of ethnography about ‘ordinary people’, which is nevertheless virtual—a phantasmagoria of cultural practices and feelings. Through a critical ‘reading against the grain’ of this genre and particularly the works of Naruse Mikio as examples of ‘vernacular modernism’, it shows how these films provides a valuable portrait of modern Japanese culture as it imagined itself to be.Less
This chapter frames the Japanese cinema and TV genre of ‘home drama’ shomin-geki,, as a sensory mode of ethnography about ‘ordinary people’, which is nevertheless virtual—a phantasmagoria of cultural practices and feelings. Through a critical ‘reading against the grain’ of this genre and particularly the works of Naruse Mikio as examples of ‘vernacular modernism’, it shows how these films provides a valuable portrait of modern Japanese culture as it imagined itself to be.
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226309095
- eISBN:
- 9780226309088
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226309088.003.0007
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
Talk shows tend to become news for much the same reasons that ordinary people become news—because they have done something extraordinary, deviant, or bizarre. Daytime talk shows were rarely in the ...
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Talk shows tend to become news for much the same reasons that ordinary people become news—because they have done something extraordinary, deviant, or bizarre. Daytime talk shows were rarely in the headlines until the Jenny Jones murder, and, at that point, the coverage was anything but flattering. Guests who sue talk shows make the news, as do those who admit faking their stories. Otherwise, journalists and media critics rarely talk about talk-show guests except to put them down or to discuss the lamentable trend toward “manufactured celebrity” that guests supposedly represent. Guests on conflict-based shows also complain about specific aspects of their experiences, expressing anger or frustration when the outcome of confrontation does not go their way or support their version of events. A variation on this theme occurs when guests do not get the rewards or compensation that they expect in exchange for engaging in a confrontation.Less
Talk shows tend to become news for much the same reasons that ordinary people become news—because they have done something extraordinary, deviant, or bizarre. Daytime talk shows were rarely in the headlines until the Jenny Jones murder, and, at that point, the coverage was anything but flattering. Guests who sue talk shows make the news, as do those who admit faking their stories. Otherwise, journalists and media critics rarely talk about talk-show guests except to put them down or to discuss the lamentable trend toward “manufactured celebrity” that guests supposedly represent. Guests on conflict-based shows also complain about specific aspects of their experiences, expressing anger or frustration when the outcome of confrontation does not go their way or support their version of events. A variation on this theme occurs when guests do not get the rewards or compensation that they expect in exchange for engaging in a confrontation.
Virginia R. Domínguez and Jane C. Desmond (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252040832
- eISBN:
- 9780252099335
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252040832.003.0016
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
This essay is a response to Manar Shorbagy’s contribution in this book, Global Perspectives on the United States. It argues that Shorbagy is correct in stating that U.S. policy in the region produces ...
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This essay is a response to Manar Shorbagy’s contribution in this book, Global Perspectives on the United States. It argues that Shorbagy is correct in stating that U.S. policy in the region produces the very resistance to its policies that it seeks to undermine, but it also wants to extend the argument beyond analysis of policies. Schatz, for example, insists that ordinary people and political actors form their opinions and pursue their agendas not solely based on policy calculations, and he stresses that this is more important than Shorbagy’s essay presents. He asks several questions in his response to Shorbagy’s analysis of Kefaya: (1) Is Kefaya likely to survive the Obama Administration, the next U.S. president, their different foreign policy choices, and at times very different rhetoric, given its trans-ideological nature uniting Islamists and secular democrats? (2) Will Kefaya need to move beyond critiques of “foreign threats and political despotism” and demonstrate its efficacy to the broader public? And (3) is it possible that the new U.S. administration could engineer new modes of engagement in the region that are much less beholden to old patterns of behavior?Less
This essay is a response to Manar Shorbagy’s contribution in this book, Global Perspectives on the United States. It argues that Shorbagy is correct in stating that U.S. policy in the region produces the very resistance to its policies that it seeks to undermine, but it also wants to extend the argument beyond analysis of policies. Schatz, for example, insists that ordinary people and political actors form their opinions and pursue their agendas not solely based on policy calculations, and he stresses that this is more important than Shorbagy’s essay presents. He asks several questions in his response to Shorbagy’s analysis of Kefaya: (1) Is Kefaya likely to survive the Obama Administration, the next U.S. president, their different foreign policy choices, and at times very different rhetoric, given its trans-ideological nature uniting Islamists and secular democrats? (2) Will Kefaya need to move beyond critiques of “foreign threats and political despotism” and demonstrate its efficacy to the broader public? And (3) is it possible that the new U.S. administration could engineer new modes of engagement in the region that are much less beholden to old patterns of behavior?