Martin S. Jaffee
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195140675
- eISBN:
- 9780199834334
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195140672.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
This book is a study of the relationship of oral tradition to written sources among different Jewish groups that thrived in Palestine from the later Second Temple period into Late Antiquity. Its main ...
More
This book is a study of the relationship of oral tradition to written sources among different Jewish groups that thrived in Palestine from the later Second Temple period into Late Antiquity. Its main concern is to track the emerging awareness, within diverse Palestinian scribal groups, of the distinction between written books and the oral traditions upon which they were based or in light of which they were interpreted. The thesis holds that during the Second Temple period in particular, diverse Jewish scribal communities –such as the composers of Jewish pseudepigrapha, the Dead Sea community, and the Pharisees – certainly employed oral traditions in their literary and interpretive work. But they did not appeal to oral tradition as an authoritative source of knowledge. This was reserved for written books regarded as prophetic transmissions from antiquity. The emergence of a coherent ideology of oral tradition as a kind of revelation comparable to that of Scripture is associated with the consolidation of third century rabbinic Judaism. The book argues that the rabbinic ideology of Oral Torah – “Torah in the Mouth” – is, in great measure, a legitimation of the institution of rabbinic discipleship, which depended upon the primacy of face‐to‐face relationships, unmediated by the written word.Less
This book is a study of the relationship of oral tradition to written sources among different Jewish groups that thrived in Palestine from the later Second Temple period into Late Antiquity. Its main concern is to track the emerging awareness, within diverse Palestinian scribal groups, of the distinction between written books and the oral traditions upon which they were based or in light of which they were interpreted. The thesis holds that during the Second Temple period in particular, diverse Jewish scribal communities –such as the composers of Jewish pseudepigrapha, the Dead Sea community, and the Pharisees – certainly employed oral traditions in their literary and interpretive work. But they did not appeal to oral tradition as an authoritative source of knowledge. This was reserved for written books regarded as prophetic transmissions from antiquity. The emergence of a coherent ideology of oral tradition as a kind of revelation comparable to that of Scripture is associated with the consolidation of third century rabbinic Judaism. The book argues that the rabbinic ideology of Oral Torah – “Torah in the Mouth” – is, in great measure, a legitimation of the institution of rabbinic discipleship, which depended upon the primacy of face‐to‐face relationships, unmediated by the written word.
Martin S. Jaffee
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195140675
- eISBN:
- 9780199834334
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195140672.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
Introduces key technical terms referring to the composition and transmission of oral tradition, and proposes a general theoretical model for studying the various elements of Jewish oral tradition in ...
More
Introduces key technical terms referring to the composition and transmission of oral tradition, and proposes a general theoretical model for studying the various elements of Jewish oral tradition in particular. The most important technical terms are: “oral‐literary tradition” (defined as “verbal products of a culture that have pretensions beyond everyday speech”); “oral‐performative tradition” (defined as “the sum of performative strategies” for transmitting the content of oral‐literary tradition); and “text‐interpretive tradition” (defined as “the body of interpretive understandings that arise from multiple performances of a text”). The theoretical model of oral tradition employed here enables studies of the interrelationships among three dimensions of Jewish oral tradition: the textual substance of the tradition, the social settings for its transmission, and, most importantly, the ideological system by which the texts of oral tradition are represented. For rabbinic Judaism, the concept of Torah in the Mouth and the description of the earliest rabbinic text (the Mishnah) as repeated tradition are the crucial ideological elements under study.Less
Introduces key technical terms referring to the composition and transmission of oral tradition, and proposes a general theoretical model for studying the various elements of Jewish oral tradition in particular. The most important technical terms are: “oral‐literary tradition” (defined as “verbal products of a culture that have pretensions beyond everyday speech”); “oral‐performative tradition” (defined as “the sum of performative strategies” for transmitting the content of oral‐literary tradition); and “text‐interpretive tradition” (defined as “the body of interpretive understandings that arise from multiple performances of a text”). The theoretical model of oral tradition employed here enables studies of the interrelationships among three dimensions of Jewish oral tradition: the textual substance of the tradition, the social settings for its transmission, and, most importantly, the ideological system by which the texts of oral tradition are represented. For rabbinic Judaism, the concept of Torah in the Mouth and the description of the earliest rabbinic text (the Mishnah) as repeated tradition are the crucial ideological elements under study.
Martin S. Jaffee
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195140675
- eISBN:
- 9780199834334
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195140672.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
While rabbinic texts represent halakhic tradition as a tradition transmitted by word of mouth, the surviving texts show many signs of having been composed in their extant form with the use of ...
More
While rabbinic texts represent halakhic tradition as a tradition transmitted by word of mouth, the surviving texts show many signs of having been composed in their extant form with the use of writing. The present chapter offers some examples of the interpenetration of oral traditional elements and written compositional elements in the shaping of early rabbinic texts, such as the Mishnah in particular. The focus is on materials that employ classic oral genres such as narrative and song (in Mishnah Tamid), complex lists (Mishnah Eruvin), and sophisticated mnemonic codes (Mishnah Pesahim). The chapter concludes with an attempt to reconstruct an oral‐performative narrative that informs parallel written accounts of the red heifer ritual as described in Mishnah Parah and Tosefta Parah.Less
While rabbinic texts represent halakhic tradition as a tradition transmitted by word of mouth, the surviving texts show many signs of having been composed in their extant form with the use of writing. The present chapter offers some examples of the interpenetration of oral traditional elements and written compositional elements in the shaping of early rabbinic texts, such as the Mishnah in particular. The focus is on materials that employ classic oral genres such as narrative and song (in Mishnah Tamid), complex lists (Mishnah Eruvin), and sophisticated mnemonic codes (Mishnah Pesahim). The chapter concludes with an attempt to reconstruct an oral‐performative narrative that informs parallel written accounts of the red heifer ritual as described in Mishnah Parah and Tosefta Parah.
Alexander Samely
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199296736
- eISBN:
- 9780191712067
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199296736.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
This book surveys the corpus of rabbinic literature, which was written in Hebrew and Aramaic about 1,500 years ago and which contains the foundations of Judaism, in particular the Talmud. The ...
More
This book surveys the corpus of rabbinic literature, which was written in Hebrew and Aramaic about 1,500 years ago and which contains the foundations of Judaism, in particular the Talmud. The rabbinic works are introduced in groups, illustrated by shorter and longer passages, and described according to their literary structures and genres. Tables and summaries provide short information on key topics: the individual works and their nature, the recurrent literary forms which are used widely in different works, techniques of rabbinic Bible interpretation, and discourse strategies of the Talmud. Key topics of current research into the texts are addressed: their relationship to each other, their unity, their ambiguous and ‘unsystematic’ character, and their roots in oral tradition. The book explains why the character of the texts is crucial to an understanding of rabbinic thought, and why they pose specific problems to modern, Western-educated readers.Less
This book surveys the corpus of rabbinic literature, which was written in Hebrew and Aramaic about 1,500 years ago and which contains the foundations of Judaism, in particular the Talmud. The rabbinic works are introduced in groups, illustrated by shorter and longer passages, and described according to their literary structures and genres. Tables and summaries provide short information on key topics: the individual works and their nature, the recurrent literary forms which are used widely in different works, techniques of rabbinic Bible interpretation, and discourse strategies of the Talmud. Key topics of current research into the texts are addressed: their relationship to each other, their unity, their ambiguous and ‘unsystematic’ character, and their roots in oral tradition. The book explains why the character of the texts is crucial to an understanding of rabbinic thought, and why they pose specific problems to modern, Western-educated readers.
David P. Wright
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195304756
- eISBN:
- 9780199866830
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195304756.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
This chapter discusses the inadequacy of other theories for explaining the similarities between the Covenant Code and the Laws of Hammurabi, including coincidence, the use of common scribal ...
More
This chapter discusses the inadequacy of other theories for explaining the similarities between the Covenant Code and the Laws of Hammurabi, including coincidence, the use of common scribal techniques, oral tradition, oral transmission of Hammurabi's text, and the use of an unknown mediating Northwest Semitic/Canaanite text. The chapter outlines in detail the evidence for placing the composition of the Covenant Code in the Neo-Assyrian period, between 740–640 BCE and the opportunity for the use of Hammurabi's Laws. It also discusses the wide attestation of the Laws of Hammurabi as a canonical-scribal text in the Neo-Assyrian period. It discusses the Covenant Code's occasional use of laws from other cuneiform law collections and the attestation of these other collections.Less
This chapter discusses the inadequacy of other theories for explaining the similarities between the Covenant Code and the Laws of Hammurabi, including coincidence, the use of common scribal techniques, oral tradition, oral transmission of Hammurabi's text, and the use of an unknown mediating Northwest Semitic/Canaanite text. The chapter outlines in detail the evidence for placing the composition of the Covenant Code in the Neo-Assyrian period, between 740–640 BCE and the opportunity for the use of Hammurabi's Laws. It also discusses the wide attestation of the Laws of Hammurabi as a canonical-scribal text in the Neo-Assyrian period. It discusses the Covenant Code's occasional use of laws from other cuneiform law collections and the attestation of these other collections.
Nicholas Hudson
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198182887
- eISBN:
- 9780191673900
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198182887.003.0010
- Subject:
- Literature, Women's Literature, 18th-century Literature
‘Oral tradition’, in a recognizably modern form, is a coinage of the 18th century. Yet even in the 18th century this concept was controversial and its acceptance slow and uncertain. Two major ...
More
‘Oral tradition’, in a recognizably modern form, is a coinage of the 18th century. Yet even in the 18th century this concept was controversial and its acceptance slow and uncertain. Two major landmarks in the ultimate acceptance of oral tradition as a legitimate scholarly idea are works that remain relatively neglected in our time, despite their immense historical significance. These are James Macpherson’s Poems of Ossian and Robert Wood’s Essay on the Original Genius and Writings of Homer, both published in the 1760s. Macpherson and Wood made bold claims for the powers of oral tradition — claims that were hotly disputed by major intellectual figures of the time. Their ideas none the less signalled a new willingness to believe that pre-literate peoples are not merely lawless savages, but can possess a valuable cultural and artistic heritage. This chapter traces the various intellectual currents that made possible this new understanding of oral tradition.Less
‘Oral tradition’, in a recognizably modern form, is a coinage of the 18th century. Yet even in the 18th century this concept was controversial and its acceptance slow and uncertain. Two major landmarks in the ultimate acceptance of oral tradition as a legitimate scholarly idea are works that remain relatively neglected in our time, despite their immense historical significance. These are James Macpherson’s Poems of Ossian and Robert Wood’s Essay on the Original Genius and Writings of Homer, both published in the 1760s. Macpherson and Wood made bold claims for the powers of oral tradition — claims that were hotly disputed by major intellectual figures of the time. Their ideas none the less signalled a new willingness to believe that pre-literate peoples are not merely lawless savages, but can possess a valuable cultural and artistic heritage. This chapter traces the various intellectual currents that made possible this new understanding of oral tradition.
Moulie Vidas
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691154862
- eISBN:
- 9781400850471
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691154862.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
This chapter examines three passages that associate with the “conservative,” transmission-oriented aspects of Torah study the occupation with the two bodies of knowledge that the rabbis received: the ...
More
This chapter examines three passages that associate with the “conservative,” transmission-oriented aspects of Torah study the occupation with the two bodies of knowledge that the rabbis received: the Written Torah (Scripture) and the Oral Torah (rabbinic tradition). These passages are all premised on a dichotomy between the “received” knowledge of Scripture and oral tradition, on the one hand, and the innovative, creative aspects of study on the other. Building on the work of Daniel Boyarin, Jeffrey Rubenstein, and others who showed that the Babylonian Talmud places a high value on dialectic and analysis at the expense of tradition and memorization, the chapter demonstrates the centrality of this preference to the self-perception of the Talmud's creators and situates it within a polemical conversation among Jews in late ancient Mesopotamia.Less
This chapter examines three passages that associate with the “conservative,” transmission-oriented aspects of Torah study the occupation with the two bodies of knowledge that the rabbis received: the Written Torah (Scripture) and the Oral Torah (rabbinic tradition). These passages are all premised on a dichotomy between the “received” knowledge of Scripture and oral tradition, on the one hand, and the innovative, creative aspects of study on the other. Building on the work of Daniel Boyarin, Jeffrey Rubenstein, and others who showed that the Babylonian Talmud places a high value on dialectic and analysis at the expense of tradition and memorization, the chapter demonstrates the centrality of this preference to the self-perception of the Talmud's creators and situates it within a polemical conversation among Jews in late ancient Mesopotamia.
Ted A. Campbell
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195370638
- eISBN:
- 9780199870738
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195370638.003.002
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
This chapter discusses the gospel message as it was transmitted in “proto-orthodox” Christian communities in the first through fourth centuries CE “Proto-Orthodox” communities were those early ...
More
This chapter discusses the gospel message as it was transmitted in “proto-orthodox” Christian communities in the first through fourth centuries CE “Proto-Orthodox” communities were those early Christian communities whose teachings were consistent with those of later-existing Christian churches. The chapter shows how the basic gospel message was embedded in New Testament texts; how it was transmitted in an oral tradition alongside the New Testament texts and formed the basis of early Christian creeds; and how it helped structure the canon of Christian scripture as it developed in the first through fourth centuries CE.Less
This chapter discusses the gospel message as it was transmitted in “proto-orthodox” Christian communities in the first through fourth centuries CE “Proto-Orthodox” communities were those early Christian communities whose teachings were consistent with those of later-existing Christian churches. The chapter shows how the basic gospel message was embedded in New Testament texts; how it was transmitted in an oral tradition alongside the New Testament texts and formed the basis of early Christian creeds; and how it helped structure the canon of Christian scripture as it developed in the first through fourth centuries CE.
Martin S. Jaffee
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195140675
- eISBN:
- 9780199834334
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195140672.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
Explores the role of orality and oral‐performative tradition in the written literary activities of various scribal communities in Second Temple Judaism. It points out that true literacy was rare ...
More
Explores the role of orality and oral‐performative tradition in the written literary activities of various scribal communities in Second Temple Judaism. It points out that true literacy was rare among Jews in this period, and was confined to various professional scribal groups associated with the Temple and its governing agencies. Even among scribal groups who created literary works, writing and literary transmission was highly oral in character. Nevertheless, these groups did not radically distinguish oral tradition from the written tradition of books claimed to stem from prophetic revelations. Rather, books were seen to stem from a kind of oral dictation from God to the prophet, as in the Testament of Levi and 4 Ezra, who functioned as a kind of scribe in transmitting the words of a divine or angelic author.Less
Explores the role of orality and oral‐performative tradition in the written literary activities of various scribal communities in Second Temple Judaism. It points out that true literacy was rare among Jews in this period, and was confined to various professional scribal groups associated with the Temple and its governing agencies. Even among scribal groups who created literary works, writing and literary transmission was highly oral in character. Nevertheless, these groups did not radically distinguish oral tradition from the written tradition of books claimed to stem from prophetic revelations. Rather, books were seen to stem from a kind of oral dictation from God to the prophet, as in the Testament of Levi and 4 Ezra, who functioned as a kind of scribe in transmitting the words of a divine or angelic author.
Leo Treitler
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199214761
- eISBN:
- 9780191713897
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199214761.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
This book contains seventeen essays, in the form of chapters, which trace the creation and spread of song (cantus), sacred and secular, through oral tradition and writing in the European Middle Ages. ...
More
This book contains seventeen essays, in the form of chapters, which trace the creation and spread of song (cantus), sacred and secular, through oral tradition and writing in the European Middle Ages. The book examines songs in particular — their design, their qualities and character, their expressive meanings, and their adaptation to their communal and ritual roles — and explores the chances for, and the obstacles to, our understanding of traditions that were alive a thousand years ago. Ranging from c.900 (when the written transmission of medieval songs began) to 1200, the book shows how the earlier, purely oral traditions can be examined only through the lens of what has been captured in writing, and focuses on the invention and uses of writing systems for representing these oral traditions. Each of the seminally influential essays presented as the book's chapters has been revised to take account of recent developments, and is prefaced with a new introduction to highlight the historical issues.Less
This book contains seventeen essays, in the form of chapters, which trace the creation and spread of song (cantus), sacred and secular, through oral tradition and writing in the European Middle Ages. The book examines songs in particular — their design, their qualities and character, their expressive meanings, and their adaptation to their communal and ritual roles — and explores the chances for, and the obstacles to, our understanding of traditions that were alive a thousand years ago. Ranging from c.900 (when the written transmission of medieval songs began) to 1200, the book shows how the earlier, purely oral traditions can be examined only through the lens of what has been captured in writing, and focuses on the invention and uses of writing systems for representing these oral traditions. Each of the seminally influential essays presented as the book's chapters has been revised to take account of recent developments, and is prefaced with a new introduction to highlight the historical issues.
Joseph Epes Brown and Emily Cousins
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195138757
- eISBN:
- 9780199871759
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195138757.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, World Religions
This chapter focuses on Native American language and song. It looks at the progressive compromising of tribal languages by the Western world. It discusses the value of oral traditions, the special ...
More
This chapter focuses on Native American language and song. It looks at the progressive compromising of tribal languages by the Western world. It discusses the value of oral traditions, the special role of elders in society as keepers of oral tradition, and the art of storytelling.Less
This chapter focuses on Native American language and song. It looks at the progressive compromising of tribal languages by the Western world. It discusses the value of oral traditions, the special role of elders in society as keepers of oral tradition, and the art of storytelling.
David P. Wright
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195304756
- eISBN:
- 9780199866830
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195304756.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
This introduction provides an overview to the comparative study of the Covenant Code and Mesopotamian law, particularly the Laws of Hammurabi. It provides a summary of the argument of the book and ...
More
This introduction provides an overview to the comparative study of the Covenant Code and Mesopotamian law, particularly the Laws of Hammurabi. It provides a summary of the argument of the book and contrasts the views of other recent academic studies, including those of Eckart Otto, Raymond Westbrook, Ludger Schwienhort-Schönberger, Ralf Rothenbusch, and Bernard Jackson. It also discusses methodological questions and problems arising in the comparative study of Near Eastern law, including similarities as proof of literary borrowing and the "hermaneutics of legal innovation" (as pioneered by Bernard Levinson) or compositional logic of the text.Less
This introduction provides an overview to the comparative study of the Covenant Code and Mesopotamian law, particularly the Laws of Hammurabi. It provides a summary of the argument of the book and contrasts the views of other recent academic studies, including those of Eckart Otto, Raymond Westbrook, Ludger Schwienhort-Schönberger, Ralf Rothenbusch, and Bernard Jackson. It also discusses methodological questions and problems arising in the comparative study of Near Eastern law, including similarities as proof of literary borrowing and the "hermaneutics of legal innovation" (as pioneered by Bernard Levinson) or compositional logic of the text.
John Miles Foley
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252037184
- eISBN:
- 9780252094309
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252037184.003.0008
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Technology and Society
This chapter contains the core of the oral tradition/Internet technology discussions, listed in alphabetical order albeit the reader is free to create their own node-sequences as they please. The ...
More
This chapter contains the core of the oral tradition/Internet technology discussions, listed in alphabetical order albeit the reader is free to create their own node-sequences as they please. The myriad topics here cover various areas of the three agoras and can range from anecdotal insights into verbal marketplaces to more comprehensive definitions of the terms and concepts used in the Pathways Project to discussions and divergences of networking among the three Agoras to reintroductions of familiar topics cast in a new light. Alongside these are further articles relating to the Pathways Project and its website proper. It must be noted, however, that, as a previous chapter has indicated, the nodes here are subject to the limitations of the tAgora, and that the website contains further and continually updated information for those who have exhausted the insights presented in this chapter.Less
This chapter contains the core of the oral tradition/Internet technology discussions, listed in alphabetical order albeit the reader is free to create their own node-sequences as they please. The myriad topics here cover various areas of the three agoras and can range from anecdotal insights into verbal marketplaces to more comprehensive definitions of the terms and concepts used in the Pathways Project to discussions and divergences of networking among the three Agoras to reintroductions of familiar topics cast in a new light. Alongside these are further articles relating to the Pathways Project and its website proper. It must be noted, however, that, as a previous chapter has indicated, the nodes here are subject to the limitations of the tAgora, and that the website contains further and continually updated information for those who have exhausted the insights presented in this chapter.
Adam Fox
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199251032
- eISBN:
- 9780191698019
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199251032.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, Cultural History
This book explores the varied vernacular forms and rich oral traditions which were such a part of popular culture in early modern England. It focuses, in particular, upon dialect speech and ...
More
This book explores the varied vernacular forms and rich oral traditions which were such a part of popular culture in early modern England. It focuses, in particular, upon dialect speech and proverbial wisdom, ‘old wives' tales’ and children's lore, historical legends and local customs, scurrilous versifying, and scandalous rumour-mongering. The book argues that while the spoken word provides the most vivid insight into the mental world of the majority in this society, it was by no means untouched by written influences. Even at the beginning of the period, centuries of reciprocal infusion between these complementary media had created a cultural repertoire which had long since ceased to be purely oral. Thereafter, the growth of reading ability together with the proliferation of texts both in manuscript and print saw the rapid acceleration and elaboration of this process. By 1700 popular traditions and modes of expression were the products of a fundamentally literate environment to a much greater extent than has yet been appreciated.Less
This book explores the varied vernacular forms and rich oral traditions which were such a part of popular culture in early modern England. It focuses, in particular, upon dialect speech and proverbial wisdom, ‘old wives' tales’ and children's lore, historical legends and local customs, scurrilous versifying, and scandalous rumour-mongering. The book argues that while the spoken word provides the most vivid insight into the mental world of the majority in this society, it was by no means untouched by written influences. Even at the beginning of the period, centuries of reciprocal infusion between these complementary media had created a cultural repertoire which had long since ceased to be purely oral. Thereafter, the growth of reading ability together with the proliferation of texts both in manuscript and print saw the rapid acceleration and elaboration of this process. By 1700 popular traditions and modes of expression were the products of a fundamentally literate environment to a much greater extent than has yet been appreciated.
Nēpia Mahuika
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- March 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780190681685
- eISBN:
- 9780190681715
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190681685.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter examines the evolution of oral history and oral tradition as two separate fields of study with their own associations, journals, theories, and definitions. It considers how these fields ...
More
This chapter examines the evolution of oral history and oral tradition as two separate fields of study with their own associations, journals, theories, and definitions. It considers how these fields have been viewed and engaged with by indigenous writers, with a particular emphasis on scholarship out of Aotearoa New Zealand. Oral history and oral tradition have often been considered the same, but over the past century have been presented as two distinctively different fields with their own theories, methods, and emphases. This chapter surveys the seminal writing and definitions popularized in oral history and tradition, which include the idea of oral history as a methodology and interview practice and oral traditions as predominantly the study of ballads and folk songs. It explores some of the arguments about the orality or textuality of oral sources, and the differing focus oral traditionalists and oral historians have proposed in their evolving theories and politics.Less
This chapter examines the evolution of oral history and oral tradition as two separate fields of study with their own associations, journals, theories, and definitions. It considers how these fields have been viewed and engaged with by indigenous writers, with a particular emphasis on scholarship out of Aotearoa New Zealand. Oral history and oral tradition have often been considered the same, but over the past century have been presented as two distinctively different fields with their own theories, methods, and emphases. This chapter surveys the seminal writing and definitions popularized in oral history and tradition, which include the idea of oral history as a methodology and interview practice and oral traditions as predominantly the study of ballads and folk songs. It explores some of the arguments about the orality or textuality of oral sources, and the differing focus oral traditionalists and oral historians have proposed in their evolving theories and politics.
Frank Graziano
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195171303
- eISBN:
- 9780199785193
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195171303.003.intro
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This chapter establishes the cultural and thematic contexts for understanding folk saint devotions. It explores the nature of devotion, the means by which devotions are initiated and disseminated, ...
More
This chapter establishes the cultural and thematic contexts for understanding folk saint devotions. It explores the nature of devotion, the means by which devotions are initiated and disseminated, and the relation of folk saints to canonized saints and to the Catholic Church.Less
This chapter establishes the cultural and thematic contexts for understanding folk saint devotions. It explores the nature of devotion, the means by which devotions are initiated and disseminated, and the relation of folk saints to canonized saints and to the Catholic Church.
Ronald Hendel
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195177961
- eISBN:
- 9780199784622
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195177967.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
The historical background of the patriarchal narratives has been much contested in modern scholarship. Among the authentic historical details advanced by scholars, three bodies of data have a strong ...
More
The historical background of the patriarchal narratives has been much contested in modern scholarship. Among the authentic historical details advanced by scholars, three bodies of data have a strong claim to historical antiquity: the antiquity of the traditions about Abraham, the pre-Israelite worship of El, and the memory of an Amorite homeland.Less
The historical background of the patriarchal narratives has been much contested in modern scholarship. Among the authentic historical details advanced by scholars, three bodies of data have a strong claim to historical antiquity: the antiquity of the traditions about Abraham, the pre-Israelite worship of El, and the memory of an Amorite homeland.
Heather Maring
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780813054469
- eISBN:
- 9780813053202
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813054469.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, Early and Medieval Literature
Chapter 1 proposes that oral-traditional and literate features of a text do not correlate with a Germanic past and a Christian present. Instead, poets treat these modes of communication, ...
More
Chapter 1 proposes that oral-traditional and literate features of a text do not correlate with a Germanic past and a Christian present. Instead, poets treat these modes of communication, simultaneously, as part of their poetic inheritance. In order to better describe how hybrid signs communicate, this chapter surveys defining characteristics of oral traditions (i.e., metonymy as described in the theory of Immanent Art), rituals (i.e., ritual signification), and literate traditions (i.e., medieval hermeneutics). The chapter explores oral-connected, oral-literate, and ritual signs in Exeter Riddle 30a/b to demonstrate how hybrid poetics can further our understanding of an Old English poem.Less
Chapter 1 proposes that oral-traditional and literate features of a text do not correlate with a Germanic past and a Christian present. Instead, poets treat these modes of communication, simultaneously, as part of their poetic inheritance. In order to better describe how hybrid signs communicate, this chapter surveys defining characteristics of oral traditions (i.e., metonymy as described in the theory of Immanent Art), rituals (i.e., ritual signification), and literate traditions (i.e., medieval hermeneutics). The chapter explores oral-connected, oral-literate, and ritual signs in Exeter Riddle 30a/b to demonstrate how hybrid poetics can further our understanding of an Old English poem.
John Tait
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780197265420
- eISBN:
- 9780191760471
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265420.003.0013
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter discusses aspects of Demotic Egyptian prose narratives of the Greek and Roman periods, viewed against the background of the growing significance of reception theory in the study of ...
More
This chapter discusses aspects of Demotic Egyptian prose narratives of the Greek and Roman periods, viewed against the background of the growing significance of reception theory in the study of ancient Egyptian literature in general. It reviews the development since the nineteenth century of ideas on the ancient audiences for Demotic literature. The problematic evidence for readers and performance is examined, to a very limited extent with reference to the nature of the finds and find-spots of manuscripts, but chiefly by paying attention to their format and their contents. As for the relationship with oral literature, it is suggested that the material essentially belonged to a written tradition, and was designed primarily for oral performance within temple communities.Less
This chapter discusses aspects of Demotic Egyptian prose narratives of the Greek and Roman periods, viewed against the background of the growing significance of reception theory in the study of ancient Egyptian literature in general. It reviews the development since the nineteenth century of ideas on the ancient audiences for Demotic literature. The problematic evidence for readers and performance is examined, to a very limited extent with reference to the nature of the finds and find-spots of manuscripts, but chiefly by paying attention to their format and their contents. As for the relationship with oral literature, it is suggested that the material essentially belonged to a written tradition, and was designed primarily for oral performance within temple communities.
Jack Zipes
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691153384
- eISBN:
- 9781400841820
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691153384.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This chapter attempts to clarify the importance of the connections between witches and fairies coupled with their deep roots in pagan and Greco-Roman beliefs by moving away from western Europe to ...
More
This chapter attempts to clarify the importance of the connections between witches and fairies coupled with their deep roots in pagan and Greco-Roman beliefs by moving away from western Europe to look at the great witch Baba Yaga of Slavic countries. It cites three reasons for concentrating on Baba Yaga and Slavic fairy tales. The first one regards neglect. For the most part, the focus of folklore and fairy-tale studies in the United States and western Europe has been on the works of the Brothers Grimm and other notable western European writers and folklorist. The second is to understand the relationship between goddesses, witches, and fairies. The third reason is that a brief analysis of Baba Yaga tales with a focus on the neglected work Russian Folk Tales (1873), translated and edited by W.R.S. Ralston (1828–89), might assist us in grasping how oral and literary traditions work together to reinforce the memetic replication of fairy tales.Less
This chapter attempts to clarify the importance of the connections between witches and fairies coupled with their deep roots in pagan and Greco-Roman beliefs by moving away from western Europe to look at the great witch Baba Yaga of Slavic countries. It cites three reasons for concentrating on Baba Yaga and Slavic fairy tales. The first one regards neglect. For the most part, the focus of folklore and fairy-tale studies in the United States and western Europe has been on the works of the Brothers Grimm and other notable western European writers and folklorist. The second is to understand the relationship between goddesses, witches, and fairies. The third reason is that a brief analysis of Baba Yaga tales with a focus on the neglected work Russian Folk Tales (1873), translated and edited by W.R.S. Ralston (1828–89), might assist us in grasping how oral and literary traditions work together to reinforce the memetic replication of fairy tales.
