Patricia M. Greenfield, Elisheva F. Gross, Kaveri Subrahmanyam, Lalita K. Suzuki, and Brendesha Tynes
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195312805
- eISBN:
- 9780199847730
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195312805.003.0013
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
Youth is a major predictor of use of new information and communication technologies (ICTs). This chapter attempts to give a detailed examination of the functions for which teenagers use the Internet. ...
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Youth is a major predictor of use of new information and communication technologies (ICTs). This chapter attempts to give a detailed examination of the functions for which teenagers use the Internet. It notes that interpersonal communication and downloading music dominate teens' time online. Almost all of teens' online communication is with other teens that they know from school and other local contexts, although online gaming and participation in chat rooms puts them in contact with strangers. By analysing the multiple conversational threads intertwined in an online chat room, the chapter provides a description of how teenagers use online conversation to cope with the perennial concerns of adolescent life, such as gender and racial identity, sexual development, and romantic partners.Less
Youth is a major predictor of use of new information and communication technologies (ICTs). This chapter attempts to give a detailed examination of the functions for which teenagers use the Internet. It notes that interpersonal communication and downloading music dominate teens' time online. Almost all of teens' online communication is with other teens that they know from school and other local contexts, although online gaming and participation in chat rooms puts them in contact with strangers. By analysing the multiple conversational threads intertwined in an online chat room, the chapter provides a description of how teenagers use online conversation to cope with the perennial concerns of adolescent life, such as gender and racial identity, sexual development, and romantic partners.
della Porta and Caiani Wagemann
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199641260
- eISBN:
- 9780191738654
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199641260.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
In Chapter 4, a network analysis of Web-links is combined with a secondary analysis of existing sources in order to single out the main extreme right organizations in each country and investigate the ...
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In Chapter 4, a network analysis of Web-links is combined with a secondary analysis of existing sources in order to single out the main extreme right organizations in each country and investigate the relations among them. Focusing on the individual organizations, the authors examine which actors occupy a central position in each of the national networks. They then characterize the overall configuration of these three networks in terms of density, conflictuality and segmentation.Less
In Chapter 4, a network analysis of Web-links is combined with a secondary analysis of existing sources in order to single out the main extreme right organizations in each country and investigate the relations among them. Focusing on the individual organizations, the authors examine which actors occupy a central position in each of the national networks. They then characterize the overall configuration of these three networks in terms of density, conflictuality and segmentation.
Jose van Dijck
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199970773
- eISBN:
- 9780199307425
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199970773.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Culture
This book studies the rise of social media in the first decade of the twenty-first century, up until 2012. It provides both a historical and a critical analysis of the emergence of networking ...
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This book studies the rise of social media in the first decade of the twenty-first century, up until 2012. It provides both a historical and a critical analysis of the emergence of networking services in the context of a changing ecosystem of connective media. Such history is needed to understand how the intricate constellation of platforms profoundly affects our experience of online sociality. In a short period of time, services like Facebook, YouTube and many others have come to deeply penetrate our daily habits of communication and creative production. While most sites started out as amateur-driven community platforms, half a decade later they have turned into large corporations that do not just facilitate user connectedness, but have become global information and data mining companies extracting and exploiting user connectivity. Offering a dual analytical prism to examine techno-cultural as well as socio-economic aspects of social media, the author dissects five major platforms: Facebook, Twitter, Flickr, YouTube, and Wikipedia. Each of these microsystems occupies a distinct position in the larger ecosystem of connective media, and yet, their underlying mechanisms for coding interfaces, steering users, filtering content, governance and business models rely on shared ideological principles. Reconstructing the premises on which these platforms are built, this study highlights how norms for online interaction and communication gradually changed. “Sharing,” “friending,” “liking,” “following,” “trending,” and “favoriting” have come to denote online practices imbued with specific technological and economic meanings. This process of normalization is part of a larger political and ideological battle over information control in an online world where everything is bound to become “social.”Less
This book studies the rise of social media in the first decade of the twenty-first century, up until 2012. It provides both a historical and a critical analysis of the emergence of networking services in the context of a changing ecosystem of connective media. Such history is needed to understand how the intricate constellation of platforms profoundly affects our experience of online sociality. In a short period of time, services like Facebook, YouTube and many others have come to deeply penetrate our daily habits of communication and creative production. While most sites started out as amateur-driven community platforms, half a decade later they have turned into large corporations that do not just facilitate user connectedness, but have become global information and data mining companies extracting and exploiting user connectivity. Offering a dual analytical prism to examine techno-cultural as well as socio-economic aspects of social media, the author dissects five major platforms: Facebook, Twitter, Flickr, YouTube, and Wikipedia. Each of these microsystems occupies a distinct position in the larger ecosystem of connective media, and yet, their underlying mechanisms for coding interfaces, steering users, filtering content, governance and business models rely on shared ideological principles. Reconstructing the premises on which these platforms are built, this study highlights how norms for online interaction and communication gradually changed. “Sharing,” “friending,” “liking,” “following,” “trending,” and “favoriting” have come to denote online practices imbued with specific technological and economic meanings. This process of normalization is part of a larger political and ideological battle over information control in an online world where everything is bound to become “social.”
Robert Glenn Howard
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814773086
- eISBN:
- 9780814790748
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814773086.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
In the 1990s, Marilyn Agee developed one of the most well-known amateur evangelical websites focused on the “End Times,” The Bible Prophecy Corner. Around the same time, Lambert Dolphin, a retired ...
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In the 1990s, Marilyn Agee developed one of the most well-known amateur evangelical websites focused on the “End Times,” The Bible Prophecy Corner. Around the same time, Lambert Dolphin, a retired Stanford physicist, started the website Lambert's Library to discuss with others online how to experience the divine. While Marilyn and Lambert did not initially correspond directly, they have shared several correspondents in common. Even as early as 1999 it was clear that they were members of the same online network of Christians, a virtual church built around those who embraced a common ideology. This book documents how such like-minded individuals created a large web of religious communication on the Internet, in essence developing a new type of religious movement—one without a central leader or institution. Based on over a decade of interaction with figures both large and small within this community, the book offers the first sustained ethnographic account of the movement as well as a realistic and pragmatic view of how new communication technologies can both empower and disempower the individuals who use them. By tracing the group's origins back to the email lists and “Usenet” groups of the 1980s up to the online forums of today, the book also serves as a succinct history of the development of online group communications.Less
In the 1990s, Marilyn Agee developed one of the most well-known amateur evangelical websites focused on the “End Times,” The Bible Prophecy Corner. Around the same time, Lambert Dolphin, a retired Stanford physicist, started the website Lambert's Library to discuss with others online how to experience the divine. While Marilyn and Lambert did not initially correspond directly, they have shared several correspondents in common. Even as early as 1999 it was clear that they were members of the same online network of Christians, a virtual church built around those who embraced a common ideology. This book documents how such like-minded individuals created a large web of religious communication on the Internet, in essence developing a new type of religious movement—one without a central leader or institution. Based on over a decade of interaction with figures both large and small within this community, the book offers the first sustained ethnographic account of the movement as well as a realistic and pragmatic view of how new communication technologies can both empower and disempower the individuals who use them. By tracing the group's origins back to the email lists and “Usenet” groups of the 1980s up to the online forums of today, the book also serves as a succinct history of the development of online group communications.
Joel Simon
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231160643
- eISBN:
- 9780231538336
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231160643.003.0006
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
This chapter deals with the sustainability of the Internet as the primary instrument through which news and information is distributed globally. Many informed activists, academics, observers, and ...
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This chapter deals with the sustainability of the Internet as the primary instrument through which news and information is distributed globally. Many informed activists, academics, observers, and technologists share contemporary activist Ai Weiwei's perspective of the Internet as a liberating force. In this vision, the peer-to-peer nature of online communication, the constant pattern of technological innovation, and the predominant desire of people everywhere to inform and be informed overcome the resistance from oppressive governments seeking to control online speech. The chapter addresses the question of whether the political environment allowing the Internet to function as a global system of information sharing is sustainable, focusing on the Chinese-led effort to remodel the nature of the Internet, its Internet policy, and use the United Nations to assert its authoritarian conception.Less
This chapter deals with the sustainability of the Internet as the primary instrument through which news and information is distributed globally. Many informed activists, academics, observers, and technologists share contemporary activist Ai Weiwei's perspective of the Internet as a liberating force. In this vision, the peer-to-peer nature of online communication, the constant pattern of technological innovation, and the predominant desire of people everywhere to inform and be informed overcome the resistance from oppressive governments seeking to control online speech. The chapter addresses the question of whether the political environment allowing the Internet to function as a global system of information sharing is sustainable, focusing on the Chinese-led effort to remodel the nature of the Internet, its Internet policy, and use the United Nations to assert its authoritarian conception.
Bilge Yesil
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252040177
- eISBN:
- 9780252098376
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252040177.003.0007
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
This chapter focuses on the online sphere. Through the prism of two developments in 2013—the Gezi Park protests and the corruption scandal—it discusses the possibilities and limits of online ...
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This chapter focuses on the online sphere. Through the prism of two developments in 2013—the Gezi Park protests and the corruption scandal—it discusses the possibilities and limits of online communications and the AKP's authoritarian reflex toward the burgeoning networked public sphere. It shows that the AKP's regulation and control of the online public sphere along the axes of nationalism, statism, and religious conservatism are not new, and that it has used three types of controls. These are first-generation controls that consist of Internet filtering and blocking, second-generation controls that involve passing legal restrictions, content removal requests, the technical shutdown of websites, and computer-network attacks; and third-generation controls that include warrantless surveillance, the creation of “national cyber-zones,” state-sponsored information campaigns, and direct physical action to silence individuals or group.Less
This chapter focuses on the online sphere. Through the prism of two developments in 2013—the Gezi Park protests and the corruption scandal—it discusses the possibilities and limits of online communications and the AKP's authoritarian reflex toward the burgeoning networked public sphere. It shows that the AKP's regulation and control of the online public sphere along the axes of nationalism, statism, and religious conservatism are not new, and that it has used three types of controls. These are first-generation controls that consist of Internet filtering and blocking, second-generation controls that involve passing legal restrictions, content removal requests, the technical shutdown of websites, and computer-network attacks; and third-generation controls that include warrantless surveillance, the creation of “national cyber-zones,” state-sponsored information campaigns, and direct physical action to silence individuals or group.
Dinah PoKempner
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- March 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190883591
- eISBN:
- 9780190883638
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190883591.003.0014
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
This chapter argues that we are at a difficult juncture in protecting online speech and privacy when states resist applying principles they have endorsed internationally to their domestic legislation ...
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This chapter argues that we are at a difficult juncture in protecting online speech and privacy when states resist applying principles they have endorsed internationally to their domestic legislation and practice. Although governments have welcomed the internet’s globalizing effect on economic development, they now fear its ability to amplify messages such as terrorism, revolution, pornography, or propaganda. But sacrificing basic freedoms to control the internet’s powers is neither effective nor wise. How well we protect privacy and speech in the digital age will determine whether the internet liberates or enchains us.Less
This chapter argues that we are at a difficult juncture in protecting online speech and privacy when states resist applying principles they have endorsed internationally to their domestic legislation and practice. Although governments have welcomed the internet’s globalizing effect on economic development, they now fear its ability to amplify messages such as terrorism, revolution, pornography, or propaganda. But sacrificing basic freedoms to control the internet’s powers is neither effective nor wise. How well we protect privacy and speech in the digital age will determine whether the internet liberates or enchains us.
Nina Langen and Monika Hartmann
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198726449
- eISBN:
- 9780191793264
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198726449.003.0014
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
Adequate communication of a firm’s responsible conduct to diverse stakeholders is essential for a company to reap the full benefits of its CSR activities. After the categorization of various ...
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Adequate communication of a firm’s responsible conduct to diverse stakeholders is essential for a company to reap the full benefits of its CSR activities. After the categorization of various communication tools companies can use to signal their CSR involvement, an analysis of the extent and types of CSR communication in the German chocolate sector via labels on products and via information provided on a firm’s websites is presented. The most significant result is that that communication of CSR in the German chocolate sector is very diverse: it differs highly between different retail store types as well as between different communication channels. For example, the CSR communication on websites is much more extensive than that found on product packages.Less
Adequate communication of a firm’s responsible conduct to diverse stakeholders is essential for a company to reap the full benefits of its CSR activities. After the categorization of various communication tools companies can use to signal their CSR involvement, an analysis of the extent and types of CSR communication in the German chocolate sector via labels on products and via information provided on a firm’s websites is presented. The most significant result is that that communication of CSR in the German chocolate sector is very diverse: it differs highly between different retail store types as well as between different communication channels. For example, the CSR communication on websites is much more extensive than that found on product packages.
Robert M. Geraci
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199344697
- eISBN:
- 9780199374731
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199344697.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
Video games and virtual worlds can rearrange or replace religious practice as designers and users collaborate in the production of a new spiritual marketplace. Online communication provided new ...
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Video games and virtual worlds can rearrange or replace religious practice as designers and users collaborate in the production of a new spiritual marketplace. Online communication provided new opportunities and new stumbling blocks for traditional religions and even permitted the growth of new kinds of religion. Virtual worlds, however, go well beyond webpages, and they are an important part of our religious landscape. They allow us new ways of expressing old religious practices and beliefs and also provide new ways of circumventing those traditions. Using World of Warcraft and Second Life as case studies, this book shows that many residents now use virtual worlds to reimagine their traditions and work to restore them to “authentic” sanctity or replace religious institutions with virtual world communities that provide meaning and purpose to human life. For some, virtual worlds are even keys to a philosophy of transhumanism in which technology can help us transcend the human condition. World of Warcraft and Second Life are thus “virtually sacred.” They do religious work, and hence they are sacred. Yet they often do it without regard for—and frequently in conflict with—traditional religious institutions and practices; as a consequence, they are “not quite” religious but are an emergent aspect of contemporary secularism. Their virtuality is so not only because they are on computer screens but also because of that persistent “not quite.” Ultimately, World of Warcraft and Second Life are virtually sacred because they participate in our sacred landscape as outsiders, competitors, and collaborators.Less
Video games and virtual worlds can rearrange or replace religious practice as designers and users collaborate in the production of a new spiritual marketplace. Online communication provided new opportunities and new stumbling blocks for traditional religions and even permitted the growth of new kinds of religion. Virtual worlds, however, go well beyond webpages, and they are an important part of our religious landscape. They allow us new ways of expressing old religious practices and beliefs and also provide new ways of circumventing those traditions. Using World of Warcraft and Second Life as case studies, this book shows that many residents now use virtual worlds to reimagine their traditions and work to restore them to “authentic” sanctity or replace religious institutions with virtual world communities that provide meaning and purpose to human life. For some, virtual worlds are even keys to a philosophy of transhumanism in which technology can help us transcend the human condition. World of Warcraft and Second Life are thus “virtually sacred.” They do religious work, and hence they are sacred. Yet they often do it without regard for—and frequently in conflict with—traditional religious institutions and practices; as a consequence, they are “not quite” religious but are an emergent aspect of contemporary secularism. Their virtuality is so not only because they are on computer screens but also because of that persistent “not quite.” Ultimately, World of Warcraft and Second Life are virtually sacred because they participate in our sacred landscape as outsiders, competitors, and collaborators.
Thomas Streeter
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814741153
- eISBN:
- 9780814708743
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814741153.003.0006
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
This chapter looks at the structure of feeling created in the early 1990s as knowledge workers began to discover the pleasures of online communication and elites groped for an organizational ...
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This chapter looks at the structure of feeling created in the early 1990s as knowledge workers began to discover the pleasures of online communication and elites groped for an organizational framework under the umbrella of the “information superhighway.” Web browsing articulated itself with a structure of desire centered around an endless “what's next?” and spread in a context in which middle ranks knew things that their superiors did not, adding to that articulation a romantic sense of rebellion; one could in theory rebel, express oneself, and get rich all at once. Taken together, this fusion of romantic subjectivity and market enthusiasms, exemplified and enabled in the early Wired magazine, created the conditions that fueled both the rapid triumph of the internet as the network of networks and the dotcom stock bubble.Less
This chapter looks at the structure of feeling created in the early 1990s as knowledge workers began to discover the pleasures of online communication and elites groped for an organizational framework under the umbrella of the “information superhighway.” Web browsing articulated itself with a structure of desire centered around an endless “what's next?” and spread in a context in which middle ranks knew things that their superiors did not, adding to that articulation a romantic sense of rebellion; one could in theory rebel, express oneself, and get rich all at once. Taken together, this fusion of romantic subjectivity and market enthusiasms, exemplified and enabled in the early Wired magazine, created the conditions that fueled both the rapid triumph of the internet as the network of networks and the dotcom stock bubble.
Susan J. Brison and Katharine Gelber (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- March 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190883591
- eISBN:
- 9780190883638
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190883591.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
This collection of thirteen new essays is the first to examine, from a range of disciplinary perspectives, how the new technologies and global reach of the internet are changing the theory and ...
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This collection of thirteen new essays is the first to examine, from a range of disciplinary perspectives, how the new technologies and global reach of the internet are changing the theory and practice of free speech. The rapid expansion of online communication, as well as the changing roles of government and private organizations in monitoring and regulating the digital world, give rise to new questions, including: How do philosophical defenses of the right to freedom of expression, developed in the age of the town square and the printing press, apply in the digital age? Should search engines be covered by free speech principles? How should international conflicts over online speech regulations be resolved? Is there a right to be forgotten that is at odds with the right to free speech? How has the Internet facilitated new speech-based harms such as cyber-stalking, twitter-trolling, and “revenge” porn, and how should these harms be addressed? The contributors to this groundbreaking volume include philosophers, legal theorists, political scientists, communications scholars, public policy makers, and activists.Less
This collection of thirteen new essays is the first to examine, from a range of disciplinary perspectives, how the new technologies and global reach of the internet are changing the theory and practice of free speech. The rapid expansion of online communication, as well as the changing roles of government and private organizations in monitoring and regulating the digital world, give rise to new questions, including: How do philosophical defenses of the right to freedom of expression, developed in the age of the town square and the printing press, apply in the digital age? Should search engines be covered by free speech principles? How should international conflicts over online speech regulations be resolved? Is there a right to be forgotten that is at odds with the right to free speech? How has the Internet facilitated new speech-based harms such as cyber-stalking, twitter-trolling, and “revenge” porn, and how should these harms be addressed? The contributors to this groundbreaking volume include philosophers, legal theorists, political scientists, communications scholars, public policy makers, and activists.
Dennis W. Johnson
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780190272692
- eISBN:
- 9780190272722
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190272692.003.0018
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
In 2000, Vice President Al Gore, with the wind at his back, squandered his advantages and lost to George W. Bush and his disciplined team of advisers. Gore was advised by Donna Brazile, Carter Eskew, ...
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In 2000, Vice President Al Gore, with the wind at his back, squandered his advantages and lost to George W. Bush and his disciplined team of advisers. Gore was advised by Donna Brazile, Carter Eskew, Harrison Hickman and Paul Maslin, and Stanley Greenberg. The Republicans were determined not to repeat the mistake of choosing an unelectable candidate like Bob Dole. The senior Bush advisers were Karl Rove, Karen Hughes, and Joe Allbaugh. In 2004 a weakened Bush was able to hold off a strong challenge from John Kerry, thanks in large part to Karl Rove and Ken Mehlman reaching out to Christian conservatives with the same-sex issue and making national security a priority. Howard Dean made great use of online communication and new technologies in his primary campaign. The Kerry team was headed by Robert Shrum. Also important in this race was the Swift Boat anti-Kerry ad campaign.Less
In 2000, Vice President Al Gore, with the wind at his back, squandered his advantages and lost to George W. Bush and his disciplined team of advisers. Gore was advised by Donna Brazile, Carter Eskew, Harrison Hickman and Paul Maslin, and Stanley Greenberg. The Republicans were determined not to repeat the mistake of choosing an unelectable candidate like Bob Dole. The senior Bush advisers were Karl Rove, Karen Hughes, and Joe Allbaugh. In 2004 a weakened Bush was able to hold off a strong challenge from John Kerry, thanks in large part to Karl Rove and Ken Mehlman reaching out to Christian conservatives with the same-sex issue and making national security a priority. Howard Dean made great use of online communication and new technologies in his primary campaign. The Kerry team was headed by Robert Shrum. Also important in this race was the Swift Boat anti-Kerry ad campaign.
Philip Seargeant
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190611040
- eISBN:
- 9780190611071
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190611040.003.0029
- Subject:
- Linguistics, English Language
Within the context of a rapidly changing educational landscape, this chapter addresses issues around the teaching of the history of English to non-traditional students via online and multimedia ...
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Within the context of a rapidly changing educational landscape, this chapter addresses issues around the teaching of the history of English to non-traditional students via online and multimedia platforms. It uses as a case study the video series “The History of English in Ten Minutes”—a ten-part animation series broadcast via YouTube and iTunesU—as a means of examining how pedagogical approaches which use new media resources can actively engage large, often non-traditional student audiences. The chapter reviews the design, production, and dissemination of these teaching materials and the implications of their reception and uptake for contemporary pedagogical approaches to the history of English.Less
Within the context of a rapidly changing educational landscape, this chapter addresses issues around the teaching of the history of English to non-traditional students via online and multimedia platforms. It uses as a case study the video series “The History of English in Ten Minutes”—a ten-part animation series broadcast via YouTube and iTunesU—as a means of examining how pedagogical approaches which use new media resources can actively engage large, often non-traditional student audiences. The chapter reviews the design, production, and dissemination of these teaching materials and the implications of their reception and uptake for contemporary pedagogical approaches to the history of English.
Dennis W. Johnson
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780190272692
- eISBN:
- 9780190272722
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190272692.003.0020
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
During the 2008 presidential campaign, Hillary Clinton’s primary team suffered from internal dysfunction, while Barack Obama’s team was successful in picking off delegates, rather than seeking out ...
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During the 2008 presidential campaign, Hillary Clinton’s primary team suffered from internal dysfunction, while Barack Obama’s team was successful in picking off delegates, rather than seeking out popular victories. The Obama team was headed by David Plouffe and David Axelrod, and they made inventive use of technology, online communication, and social media. On the Republican side, John McCain struggled in the primaries, faced with the difficulties of succeeding the then unpopular George Bush. Fundraising was at an all-time high, with support from the Koch brothers and others. McCain made a surprising pick for vice president, Alaska governor Sarah Palin. The 2012 Obama re-election team, headed by Jim Messina, used their long lead time to plan and build their strategy. Mitt Romney’s campaign was headed by Matt Rhoades, Katie Packer Gage, Russ Schriefer, and Stuart Stevens. The technological prowess of Obama team proved to be a powerful strategic weapon in the campaign.Less
During the 2008 presidential campaign, Hillary Clinton’s primary team suffered from internal dysfunction, while Barack Obama’s team was successful in picking off delegates, rather than seeking out popular victories. The Obama team was headed by David Plouffe and David Axelrod, and they made inventive use of technology, online communication, and social media. On the Republican side, John McCain struggled in the primaries, faced with the difficulties of succeeding the then unpopular George Bush. Fundraising was at an all-time high, with support from the Koch brothers and others. McCain made a surprising pick for vice president, Alaska governor Sarah Palin. The 2012 Obama re-election team, headed by Jim Messina, used their long lead time to plan and build their strategy. Mitt Romney’s campaign was headed by Matt Rhoades, Katie Packer Gage, Russ Schriefer, and Stuart Stevens. The technological prowess of Obama team proved to be a powerful strategic weapon in the campaign.
Dennis W. Johnson
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780190272692
- eISBN:
- 9780190272722
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190272692.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This is a comprehensive history of the role of American political consultants in presidential elections, state and local campaigns, ballot issues and advocacy campaigns, and international elections. ...
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This is a comprehensive history of the role of American political consultants in presidential elections, state and local campaigns, ballot issues and advocacy campaigns, and international elections. It begins with an overview of late nineteenth-century and early twentieth-century campaigns and the increasing use of new advertising and communication techniques. The first modern political consultants, Whitaker and Baxter, are profiled, together with approximately fifty other pioneer consultants in the specialties of media, polling, targeting and data analysis, and research, as well as general consulting. Throughout, the emphasis is on three fundamentals of campaigning: understanding the mood of voters and their preference (polling), communicating with voters (media, online communications), and identifying and energizing voters (targeting, big data, and technology). The role of consultants is highlighted in chapters focusing on presidential campaigns since 1964, concluding with the pre-primary phase of the 2016 election. The role of American consultants in Latin America, Europe, Israel, and other areas is also analyzed. The increasing role of outside money, dark money, super PACs, and billionaire donors in recent federal and presidential elections is highlighted. The volume discusses what consultants think, their relationship to candidates, and the shape of campaigns to come. Finally, it has a comprehensive list of the major political consultants and operatives active from the 1952 through the 2016 presidential election.Less
This is a comprehensive history of the role of American political consultants in presidential elections, state and local campaigns, ballot issues and advocacy campaigns, and international elections. It begins with an overview of late nineteenth-century and early twentieth-century campaigns and the increasing use of new advertising and communication techniques. The first modern political consultants, Whitaker and Baxter, are profiled, together with approximately fifty other pioneer consultants in the specialties of media, polling, targeting and data analysis, and research, as well as general consulting. Throughout, the emphasis is on three fundamentals of campaigning: understanding the mood of voters and their preference (polling), communicating with voters (media, online communications), and identifying and energizing voters (targeting, big data, and technology). The role of consultants is highlighted in chapters focusing on presidential campaigns since 1964, concluding with the pre-primary phase of the 2016 election. The role of American consultants in Latin America, Europe, Israel, and other areas is also analyzed. The increasing role of outside money, dark money, super PACs, and billionaire donors in recent federal and presidential elections is highlighted. The volume discusses what consultants think, their relationship to candidates, and the shape of campaigns to come. Finally, it has a comprehensive list of the major political consultants and operatives active from the 1952 through the 2016 presidential election.
