John Foster
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199297139
- eISBN:
- 9780191711398
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199297139.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
The realist view of the physical world represents it as something whose existence is logically independent of the human mind and philosophically fundamental. If we retain allegiance to this view, ...
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The realist view of the physical world represents it as something whose existence is logically independent of the human mind and philosophically fundamental. If we retain allegiance to this view, then even when we set aside the problem of perception, there turns out to be a severe limitation on what we can empirically discover about the nature of the world. For while we can find out much about the structure and organization of the realist's world, we have no way of discovering the nature of its forms of intrinsic content. Thus, we have no way of discovering what, beyond their properties of spatial structure, the occupants of space are like in themselves, nor any way of discovering what, beyond its geometrical structure, the spatial medium is like in itself. Not only are the forms of intrinsic physical content empirically inscrutable, but we cannot, in physical terms, even envisage what they might be.Less
The realist view of the physical world represents it as something whose existence is logically independent of the human mind and philosophically fundamental. If we retain allegiance to this view, then even when we set aside the problem of perception, there turns out to be a severe limitation on what we can empirically discover about the nature of the world. For while we can find out much about the structure and organization of the realist's world, we have no way of discovering the nature of its forms of intrinsic content. Thus, we have no way of discovering what, beyond their properties of spatial structure, the occupants of space are like in themselves, nor any way of discovering what, beyond its geometrical structure, the spatial medium is like in itself. Not only are the forms of intrinsic physical content empirically inscrutable, but we cannot, in physical terms, even envisage what they might be.
John Foster
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199297139
- eISBN:
- 9780191711398
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199297139.003.0003
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
Physical realism confines our knowledge of the world to properties of structure and organization, leaving its forms of intrinsic content empirically inscrutable. This creates two problems. First, ...
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Physical realism confines our knowledge of the world to properties of structure and organization, leaving its forms of intrinsic content empirically inscrutable. This creates two problems. First, mere knowledge of structure and organization does not seem to provide the materials for an adequate conception of physical space and its occupants. Secondly, if the empirical evidence does not reveal anything about the nature of the supposed space beyond its geometrical structure, it does not reveal whether the external reality is genuinely spatial at all, rather than merely quasi-spatially organized. Along with the problem of perception, these problems suggest that we might abandon physical realism for a certain form of phenomenalistic idealism. This form represents the world as constitutively created by more fundamental factors in which the organization of human sensory experience plays the central role. What gives this sensory organization its idealistic significance is that it disposes things to appear systematically worldwise at the human empirical viewpoint.Less
Physical realism confines our knowledge of the world to properties of structure and organization, leaving its forms of intrinsic content empirically inscrutable. This creates two problems. First, mere knowledge of structure and organization does not seem to provide the materials for an adequate conception of physical space and its occupants. Secondly, if the empirical evidence does not reveal anything about the nature of the supposed space beyond its geometrical structure, it does not reveal whether the external reality is genuinely spatial at all, rather than merely quasi-spatially organized. Along with the problem of perception, these problems suggest that we might abandon physical realism for a certain form of phenomenalistic idealism. This form represents the world as constitutively created by more fundamental factors in which the organization of human sensory experience plays the central role. What gives this sensory organization its idealistic significance is that it disposes things to appear systematically worldwise at the human empirical viewpoint.
Jeffrey Blustein
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195067996
- eISBN:
- 9780199852895
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195067996.003.0016
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
This chapter clarifies how relationships can fail to be personal. It discusses and considers three kinds of relationships: those of strangers, of role occupants, and of acquaintances. It ...
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This chapter clarifies how relationships can fail to be personal. It discusses and considers three kinds of relationships: those of strangers, of role occupants, and of acquaintances. It characterizes a personal relation as an intimate relationship that persists over some more or less extended period of time, in which the parties engage in a range of shared activities, and each is predominantly moved by considerations that make the other matter in the person's own right.Less
This chapter clarifies how relationships can fail to be personal. It discusses and considers three kinds of relationships: those of strangers, of role occupants, and of acquaintances. It characterizes a personal relation as an intimate relationship that persists over some more or less extended period of time, in which the parties engage in a range of shared activities, and each is predominantly moved by considerations that make the other matter in the person's own right.
Graham Tipple
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853235040
- eISBN:
- 9781846313097
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/UPO9781846313097
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
Many countries have large stocks of government-built housing which, for various reasons, are in poor physical conditions and/or do not conform to the expectations of occupants, who frequently make ...
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Many countries have large stocks of government-built housing which, for various reasons, are in poor physical conditions and/or do not conform to the expectations of occupants, who frequently make unauthorised but quite considerable changes and extensions (transformations) to their dwellings. This book examines user-initiated transformations to government-built housing in Bangladesh, Egypt, Ghana, and Zimbabwe, surveyed in a research programme sponsored by the UK Department for International Development. The 1600 dwellings surveyed show how relatively low-income households are capable of supplying new rooms and services both to improve their own housing conditions and to supply rental rooms or accommodation for family members living rent-free. The new construction is often of at least as good quality as the original structures and sometime envelopes the original in a new skin. It is clear that transformation adds accommodation and services to existing housing, upgrades the housing stock, and creates variety out of uniformity. The study leads to policy suggestions to encourage transformations for the renewal of government housing. These include the provision of loan finance; the encouragement of co-operation between neighbours, especially in multi-storey housing; and the planned colonisation of open space next to the dwellings where plots are not provided. For new housing, it is clear that designs for new areas are only the beginning of an on-going development process rather than a blueprint for once-for-all development.Less
Many countries have large stocks of government-built housing which, for various reasons, are in poor physical conditions and/or do not conform to the expectations of occupants, who frequently make unauthorised but quite considerable changes and extensions (transformations) to their dwellings. This book examines user-initiated transformations to government-built housing in Bangladesh, Egypt, Ghana, and Zimbabwe, surveyed in a research programme sponsored by the UK Department for International Development. The 1600 dwellings surveyed show how relatively low-income households are capable of supplying new rooms and services both to improve their own housing conditions and to supply rental rooms or accommodation for family members living rent-free. The new construction is often of at least as good quality as the original structures and sometime envelopes the original in a new skin. It is clear that transformation adds accommodation and services to existing housing, upgrades the housing stock, and creates variety out of uniformity. The study leads to policy suggestions to encourage transformations for the renewal of government housing. These include the provision of loan finance; the encouragement of co-operation between neighbours, especially in multi-storey housing; and the planned colonisation of open space next to the dwellings where plots are not provided. For new housing, it is clear that designs for new areas are only the beginning of an on-going development process rather than a blueprint for once-for-all development.
Catherine Allerton
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824836320
- eISBN:
- 9780824869540
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824836320.003.0002
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Asian Cultural Anthropology
This chapter examines the remarks of Dutch administrator C. Nooteboom on Manggarai houses. He outlines two types of large houses—elongated, oval houses and round houses—that are “often inhabited by ...
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This chapter examines the remarks of Dutch administrator C. Nooteboom on Manggarai houses. He outlines two types of large houses—elongated, oval houses and round houses—that are “often inhabited by several dozens of families.” He notes that in many villages, the entire population is housed in one of these large structures, which are “pitch-dark in broad daylight and always stuffy by the smoke of the fires and the presence of so many people.” The house-posts of these large structures are relatively short, creating a “hotbed of germs” in the space occupied by “dogs, pigs and children” underneath. The occupants are consequently “very prone to all kinds of diseases,” since these houses are, “from a hygienic point of view,” untenable.Less
This chapter examines the remarks of Dutch administrator C. Nooteboom on Manggarai houses. He outlines two types of large houses—elongated, oval houses and round houses—that are “often inhabited by several dozens of families.” He notes that in many villages, the entire population is housed in one of these large structures, which are “pitch-dark in broad daylight and always stuffy by the smoke of the fires and the presence of so many people.” The house-posts of these large structures are relatively short, creating a “hotbed of germs” in the space occupied by “dogs, pigs and children” underneath. The occupants are consequently “very prone to all kinds of diseases,” since these houses are, “from a hygienic point of view,” untenable.
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853235040
- eISBN:
- 9781846313097
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780853235040.003.0003
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
A house is more than just a dwelling. It is a source and reflection of identity and status, and may also be a location for the business that provides the basic necessities of life or for one which ...
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A house is more than just a dwelling. It is a source and reflection of identity and status, and may also be a location for the business that provides the basic necessities of life or for one which augments a main income. This chapter discusses how transformations assist in turning a simple dwelling into a structure that can fulfil some or all of these functions. It covers transformation as occupant participation; the importance of ownership; home ownership and extension in mature years; the needs of the next generation; accommodating extra households; characteristics of subsequent households; household shares of the houses; and home-based enterprises.Less
A house is more than just a dwelling. It is a source and reflection of identity and status, and may also be a location for the business that provides the basic necessities of life or for one which augments a main income. This chapter discusses how transformations assist in turning a simple dwelling into a structure that can fulfil some or all of these functions. It covers transformation as occupant participation; the importance of ownership; home ownership and extension in mature years; the needs of the next generation; accommodating extra households; characteristics of subsequent households; household shares of the houses; and home-based enterprises.
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226910260
- eISBN:
- 9780226910291
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226910291.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
In Philadelphia, many of the working poor managed to purchase their own homes, compared to other cities of America. Compared to a Manhattan tenement, even Philadelphia's diminutive bandbox houses ...
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In Philadelphia, many of the working poor managed to purchase their own homes, compared to other cities of America. Compared to a Manhattan tenement, even Philadelphia's diminutive bandbox houses were mansions. Best of all, the occupants owned them, and ownership brought pride, stability, and incentives to invest in the community. Philadelphia became the nation's original “City of Homes” for two simple reasons: supply and demand. On the supply side, it boasted a highly competitive home construction industry that erected some fifty-two thousand new houses between 1790 and 1850. On the demand side, early Philadelphians were usually industrious or unusually interested in owning their own homes, and, when it came to home ownership, fared better than their brethren did, mostly because they found it easier to save and to borrow.Less
In Philadelphia, many of the working poor managed to purchase their own homes, compared to other cities of America. Compared to a Manhattan tenement, even Philadelphia's diminutive bandbox houses were mansions. Best of all, the occupants owned them, and ownership brought pride, stability, and incentives to invest in the community. Philadelphia became the nation's original “City of Homes” for two simple reasons: supply and demand. On the supply side, it boasted a highly competitive home construction industry that erected some fifty-two thousand new houses between 1790 and 1850. On the demand side, early Philadelphians were usually industrious or unusually interested in owning their own homes, and, when it came to home ownership, fared better than their brethren did, mostly because they found it easier to save and to borrow.
