Jack I. Garvey
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199841271
- eISBN:
- 9780199332649
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199841271.003.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
This introductory chapter analyzes how the legal framework intended to ensure nonproliferation—the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), adopted in 1970—is failing to contain the evolution and ...
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This introductory chapter analyzes how the legal framework intended to ensure nonproliferation—the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), adopted in 1970—is failing to contain the evolution and exponential growth of nuclear risk. It explains why the Grand Bargain of the NPT is not succeeding as conceived, and why counterproliferation will continue to fall short in achieving nuclear security unless reinforced and eventually supplanted by a different legal and institutional framework. The task of creating a new legal and institutional framework requires, first, understanding why the current legal and institutional infrastructure is failing, and how contemporary nuclear risk defies containment. This in turn requires examination of nuclear risk in greater detail, to understand its components and its dynamics, at every principal stage, from source to detonation, to identify where in the process we can work a new regime to construct security.Less
This introductory chapter analyzes how the legal framework intended to ensure nonproliferation—the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), adopted in 1970—is failing to contain the evolution and exponential growth of nuclear risk. It explains why the Grand Bargain of the NPT is not succeeding as conceived, and why counterproliferation will continue to fall short in achieving nuclear security unless reinforced and eventually supplanted by a different legal and institutional framework. The task of creating a new legal and institutional framework requires, first, understanding why the current legal and institutional infrastructure is failing, and how contemporary nuclear risk defies containment. This in turn requires examination of nuclear risk in greater detail, to understand its components and its dynamics, at every principal stage, from source to detonation, to identify where in the process we can work a new regime to construct security.
Harsh Pant (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198073963
- eISBN:
- 9780199080809
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198073963.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Indian Politics
In October 2008, United States President, George W. Bush signed a law allowing civilian nuclear trade with India. The US-India Nuclear Cooperation Approval and Non-proliferation Enhancement Act was a ...
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In October 2008, United States President, George W. Bush signed a law allowing civilian nuclear trade with India. The US-India Nuclear Cooperation Approval and Non-proliferation Enhancement Act was a historic turning point in relations between two countries that used to distrust each other but eventually decided to form a ‘strategic partnership’. Their nuclear energy cooperation agreement has important implications for Indian foreign policy and broader international relations. This book presents a thorough and insightful analysis of the process of negotiations that culminated in the 2008 nuclear pact between India and the United States. It examines the agreement in the broader context of the role played by international institutions in international politics, emphasizing how the nuclear weapons non-proliferation priorities of major powers are often overridden by strategic considerations. In particular, the book discusses the structural as well as domestic determinants of the US-India entente, the determinants of the entente at the individual level, India's ‘two-level’ negotiations, and the nuclear agreement's challenge to the nuclear non-proliferation regime.Less
In October 2008, United States President, George W. Bush signed a law allowing civilian nuclear trade with India. The US-India Nuclear Cooperation Approval and Non-proliferation Enhancement Act was a historic turning point in relations between two countries that used to distrust each other but eventually decided to form a ‘strategic partnership’. Their nuclear energy cooperation agreement has important implications for Indian foreign policy and broader international relations. This book presents a thorough and insightful analysis of the process of negotiations that culminated in the 2008 nuclear pact between India and the United States. It examines the agreement in the broader context of the role played by international institutions in international politics, emphasizing how the nuclear weapons non-proliferation priorities of major powers are often overridden by strategic considerations. In particular, the book discusses the structural as well as domestic determinants of the US-India entente, the determinants of the entente at the individual level, India's ‘two-level’ negotiations, and the nuclear agreement's challenge to the nuclear non-proliferation regime.
Harsh V. Pant
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198073963
- eISBN:
- 9780199080809
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198073963.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Indian Politics
Negotiating the nuclear pact between India and the United States proved problematic because of the two competing imperatives of the latter's foreign policy: great power politics versus nuclear ...
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Negotiating the nuclear pact between India and the United States proved problematic because of the two competing imperatives of the latter's foreign policy: great power politics versus nuclear weapons non-proliferation. President George W. Bush's administration considered the agreement primarily as an instrument to develop a strategic alliance with India, but many members of Congress would support it only if it contributed to the objectives of non-proliferation. In India, political critics viewed the agreement as a ploy by the US to stifle India's nuclear options. Aside from nuclear technicalities, the US-India civilian nuclear energy cooperation agreement is also about the emergence of a new configuration in global balance of power. This chapter discusses the long-standing debate in the international relations literature about the effectiveness of international institutions in global politics, as well as the civilian nuclear energy pacts signed by India with other nations following that with the US.Less
Negotiating the nuclear pact between India and the United States proved problematic because of the two competing imperatives of the latter's foreign policy: great power politics versus nuclear weapons non-proliferation. President George W. Bush's administration considered the agreement primarily as an instrument to develop a strategic alliance with India, but many members of Congress would support it only if it contributed to the objectives of non-proliferation. In India, political critics viewed the agreement as a ploy by the US to stifle India's nuclear options. Aside from nuclear technicalities, the US-India civilian nuclear energy cooperation agreement is also about the emergence of a new configuration in global balance of power. This chapter discusses the long-standing debate in the international relations literature about the effectiveness of international institutions in global politics, as well as the civilian nuclear energy pacts signed by India with other nations following that with the US.
Harsh V. Pant
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198073963
- eISBN:
- 9780199080809
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198073963.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Indian Politics
After more than three years of diplomatic negotiations, India and the United States signed a nuclear pact in October 2008. The agreement, which allows civilian nuclear trade between the two ...
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After more than three years of diplomatic negotiations, India and the United States signed a nuclear pact in October 2008. The agreement, which allows civilian nuclear trade between the two countries, symbolized a turning point in US-India relations after a disagreement on the latter's nuclear weapons programme. This book examines the factors involved in the US-India nuclear agreement, focusing on actors, influences, and processes in international politics. It employs a Levels of Analysis approach to analyse issues and events in international relations at the international, state, and individual levels. It also discusses the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, the debate in India over the liability bill, and President Barack Obama's priorities regarding non-proliferation of nuclear weapons.Less
After more than three years of diplomatic negotiations, India and the United States signed a nuclear pact in October 2008. The agreement, which allows civilian nuclear trade between the two countries, symbolized a turning point in US-India relations after a disagreement on the latter's nuclear weapons programme. This book examines the factors involved in the US-India nuclear agreement, focusing on actors, influences, and processes in international politics. It employs a Levels of Analysis approach to analyse issues and events in international relations at the international, state, and individual levels. It also discusses the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, the debate in India over the liability bill, and President Barack Obama's priorities regarding non-proliferation of nuclear weapons.
John Simpson
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804778275
- eISBN:
- 9780804784917
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804778275.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Conflict Politics and Policy
This chapter outlines the sustained demands from Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) states, especially those within the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), for security assurances ...
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This chapter outlines the sustained demands from Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) states, especially those within the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), for security assurances during the last half-century. It also presents a short analysis of the options available to improve existing NPT-related security assurances. The effect of recent changes in the security environment on the demands for NPT security assurances is dealt with. Security assurances entered the NPT review meeting in 2000, but in a way that suggested they were declining in salience. Recently, attempts to improve security assurances have been fought by long-standing pressures in order to enhance the diplomatic atmospherics surrounding the nuclear nonproliferation regime and the NPT. It is suggested that strengthening assurances and ensuring compliance continue to be pursued together, rather than be seen as competitive alternatives.Less
This chapter outlines the sustained demands from Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) states, especially those within the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), for security assurances during the last half-century. It also presents a short analysis of the options available to improve existing NPT-related security assurances. The effect of recent changes in the security environment on the demands for NPT security assurances is dealt with. Security assurances entered the NPT review meeting in 2000, but in a way that suggested they were declining in salience. Recently, attempts to improve security assurances have been fought by long-standing pressures in order to enhance the diplomatic atmospherics surrounding the nuclear nonproliferation regime and the NPT. It is suggested that strengthening assurances and ensuring compliance continue to be pursued together, rather than be seen as competitive alternatives.
Harsh V. Pant
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198073963
- eISBN:
- 9780199080809
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198073963.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Indian Politics
The nuclear pact between India and the United States triggered a heated debate not only in both countries but also in the larger international community. This is attributed to the wide-ranging ...
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The nuclear pact between India and the United States triggered a heated debate not only in both countries but also in the larger international community. This is attributed to the wide-ranging implications of the agreement for the future of the US-India relations as well as for the global nuclear weapons non-proliferation regime. Various constituencies with stark differences in agendas had a stake in the success or failure of the pact, but the Indian and the US governments were able to reconcile these often conflicting, interests. International negotiations occur at two levels: the national level and the international level. India and the US successfully dealt with both levels, albeit with different approaches. For the Indian government, the main obstacles included the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). For the US, it was Iran.Less
The nuclear pact between India and the United States triggered a heated debate not only in both countries but also in the larger international community. This is attributed to the wide-ranging implications of the agreement for the future of the US-India relations as well as for the global nuclear weapons non-proliferation regime. Various constituencies with stark differences in agendas had a stake in the success or failure of the pact, but the Indian and the US governments were able to reconcile these often conflicting, interests. International negotiations occur at two levels: the national level and the international level. India and the US successfully dealt with both levels, albeit with different approaches. For the Indian government, the main obstacles included the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). For the US, it was Iran.
Harsh V. Pant
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198073963
- eISBN:
- 9780199080809
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198073963.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Indian Politics
The nuclear tests conducted by India in 1998 exacerbated what was already an uneasy relationship with the United States, which wanted to improve its relations with India but did not want to ...
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The nuclear tests conducted by India in 1998 exacerbated what was already an uneasy relationship with the United States, which wanted to improve its relations with India but did not want to compromise on the goal of nuclear weapons non-proliferation. It took an initiative by President George W. Bush to realize the full potential of the US-India relations. The move was in part an attempt to stop China's rising influence in the Asia-Pacific, a multipolar region where politics and economics appear to be shifting at a dramatic pace. The Bush administration's initiation of civilian nuclear energy cooperation with India transformed the nature of the international relations between India and the United States. It was evident that the changing structure of regional and global balance of power has altered foreign policy in the two countries. By signing a nuclear pact, they hope to prevent China from dominating the Asia-Pacific.Less
The nuclear tests conducted by India in 1998 exacerbated what was already an uneasy relationship with the United States, which wanted to improve its relations with India but did not want to compromise on the goal of nuclear weapons non-proliferation. It took an initiative by President George W. Bush to realize the full potential of the US-India relations. The move was in part an attempt to stop China's rising influence in the Asia-Pacific, a multipolar region where politics and economics appear to be shifting at a dramatic pace. The Bush administration's initiation of civilian nuclear energy cooperation with India transformed the nature of the international relations between India and the United States. It was evident that the changing structure of regional and global balance of power has altered foreign policy in the two countries. By signing a nuclear pact, they hope to prevent China from dominating the Asia-Pacific.
