Dinah Shelton, David S Gualtieri, Barry Kellman, Richard L. Jr. Williamson, Dinah Shelton, and Abram Chayes
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199270989
- eISBN:
- 9780191707704
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199270989.003.0009
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
This chapter presents three case studies that analyze the interplay between hard and soft law in the area of multilateral arms control, from nuclear weapons to land mines. The first study looks at ...
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This chapter presents three case studies that analyze the interplay between hard and soft law in the area of multilateral arms control, from nuclear weapons to land mines. The first study looks at the various key decisions taken by weapons control supplier groups to restrict transfers of specific technology. The second study analyzes the complex interweaving of hard and soft law for the protection of nuclear materials to ensure responsible control over nuclear materials and prevent nuclear weapons proliferation. The third study traces the development of the norm against anti-personnel land mines from soft law to hard law.Less
This chapter presents three case studies that analyze the interplay between hard and soft law in the area of multilateral arms control, from nuclear weapons to land mines. The first study looks at the various key decisions taken by weapons control supplier groups to restrict transfers of specific technology. The second study analyzes the complex interweaving of hard and soft law for the protection of nuclear materials to ensure responsible control over nuclear materials and prevent nuclear weapons proliferation. The third study traces the development of the norm against anti-personnel land mines from soft law to hard law.
Ian Clark
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198273707
- eISBN:
- 9780191684067
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198273707.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
In the public mind, the Anglo-American special nuclear relationship is associated with the supply of delivery systems from the Thor to the Trident missile. It is the succession of agreements to ...
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In the public mind, the Anglo-American special nuclear relationship is associated with the supply of delivery systems from the Thor to the Trident missile. It is the succession of agreements to supply such American weapons to Britain that is regarded as the heart of the nuclear relationship. While this is the public face of nuclear collaboration, it is probably fair to claim that even more important has been the much less visible exchange of design information and of special nuclear materials. This chapter discusses the exchange of fissile material and nuclear submarine technology.Less
In the public mind, the Anglo-American special nuclear relationship is associated with the supply of delivery systems from the Thor to the Trident missile. It is the succession of agreements to supply such American weapons to Britain that is regarded as the heart of the nuclear relationship. While this is the public face of nuclear collaboration, it is probably fair to claim that even more important has been the much less visible exchange of design information and of special nuclear materials. This chapter discusses the exchange of fissile material and nuclear submarine technology.
Ian Bellany
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719067969
- eISBN:
- 9781781701324
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719067969.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
‘Safeguards’ is the slightly euphemistic term officially used to describe the measures taken by the Agency (or Vienna Agency) independently to verify the declarations made by states to the ...
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‘Safeguards’ is the slightly euphemistic term officially used to describe the measures taken by the Agency (or Vienna Agency) independently to verify the declarations made by states to the International Atomic Energy Agency concerning their nuclear material (principally enriched uranium and plutonium) and the uses it is put to have peaceful ends. This chapter looks at safeguards in the context of the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty, whose effectiveness requires centrally organised carrots and sticks. The deterrent apparatus is in two parts: the first involves the timely detection of an unauthorised diversion of nuclear material from peaceful to military purposes; the second part is the adverse consequences for the state in question of having been caught (economic sanctions, at a minimum). This chapter is much more concerned with detection and how this might most reliably be ensured in the triple context of: the limited resources for nuclear inspection; the requirement minimally to disrupt the national economic life of states; and the necessity of respecting the principle of sovereign equality between states.Less
‘Safeguards’ is the slightly euphemistic term officially used to describe the measures taken by the Agency (or Vienna Agency) independently to verify the declarations made by states to the International Atomic Energy Agency concerning their nuclear material (principally enriched uranium and plutonium) and the uses it is put to have peaceful ends. This chapter looks at safeguards in the context of the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty, whose effectiveness requires centrally organised carrots and sticks. The deterrent apparatus is in two parts: the first involves the timely detection of an unauthorised diversion of nuclear material from peaceful to military purposes; the second part is the adverse consequences for the state in question of having been caught (economic sanctions, at a minimum). This chapter is much more concerned with detection and how this might most reliably be ensured in the triple context of: the limited resources for nuclear inspection; the requirement minimally to disrupt the national economic life of states; and the necessity of respecting the principle of sovereign equality between states.
Matthew Fuhrmann
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801450907
- eISBN:
- 9780801465758
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801450907.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Security Studies
This chapter provides an overview of definitions and patterns of peaceful nuclear cooperation. It considers some issues that are pertinent to nuclear cooperation, such as the meaning of peaceful ...
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This chapter provides an overview of definitions and patterns of peaceful nuclear cooperation. It considers some issues that are pertinent to nuclear cooperation, such as the meaning of peaceful nuclear assistance, the different types of aid that nuclear weapons suppliers can provide, how atomic assistance can be measured, and the historical trends in civilian nuclear cooperation. It also examines six operational categories of peaceful nuclear cooperation: nuclear safety, transfer of intangibles, nuclear materials, research reactors, power reactors, and fuel cycle facilities. Finally, it explains what peaceful nuclear assistance is not. The chapter includes an appendix that discusses the procedures employed to produce a dataset that identifies nuclear cooperation agreements signed between 1945 and 2000.Less
This chapter provides an overview of definitions and patterns of peaceful nuclear cooperation. It considers some issues that are pertinent to nuclear cooperation, such as the meaning of peaceful nuclear assistance, the different types of aid that nuclear weapons suppliers can provide, how atomic assistance can be measured, and the historical trends in civilian nuclear cooperation. It also examines six operational categories of peaceful nuclear cooperation: nuclear safety, transfer of intangibles, nuclear materials, research reactors, power reactors, and fuel cycle facilities. Finally, it explains what peaceful nuclear assistance is not. The chapter includes an appendix that discusses the procedures employed to produce a dataset that identifies nuclear cooperation agreements signed between 1945 and 2000.
Simon Reich and Peter Dombrowski
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781501714627
- eISBN:
- 9781501714641
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501714627.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Security Studies
This chapter examines an informal variant of a sponsorship strategy. It focuses on the case of the Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI), a global campaign designed to combat the smuggling of ...
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This chapter examines an informal variant of a sponsorship strategy. It focuses on the case of the Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI), a global campaign designed to combat the smuggling of nuclear, biological and chemical materials and related component parts. The chapter begins with an vignette involving the interception of a North Korean vessel on the high seas suspected of carrying missile technology by a member of the US’ Seventh Fleet – and the vessel’s return to its home port. The chapter then describes and explains the military importance of the PSI, the informal coalition’s (numbering 130 states) rejection of American leadership, and yet the pivotal role nonetheless played by the US Navy in collaboration with a variety of countries.Less
This chapter examines an informal variant of a sponsorship strategy. It focuses on the case of the Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI), a global campaign designed to combat the smuggling of nuclear, biological and chemical materials and related component parts. The chapter begins with an vignette involving the interception of a North Korean vessel on the high seas suspected of carrying missile technology by a member of the US’ Seventh Fleet – and the vessel’s return to its home port. The chapter then describes and explains the military importance of the PSI, the informal coalition’s (numbering 130 states) rejection of American leadership, and yet the pivotal role nonetheless played by the US Navy in collaboration with a variety of countries.
