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Morphological Typology of Deponency*

Matthew Baerman

in Deponency and Morphological Mismatches

This chapter discusses the morphological typology of deponency. It shows that the theoretical interest of deponent verbs in Latin is clear, and that morphological forms are not simply a blind ... More

This chapter discusses the morphological typology of deponency. It shows that the theoretical interest of deponent verbs in Latin is clear, and that morphological forms are not simply a blind reflection of the categories they represent. A mismatch between form and function is discussed, and the active and passive voices in Latin deponents are studied. Other sections in this chapter examine normal realization, lexically specified sets, and the lack of a normal function.Less

Intelligent Design and Selective History: Two Sources of Purpose and Plan

Peter J. Graham

in Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Religion Volume 3

In Warrant and Proper Function and in Knowledge of God, Alvin Plantinga provides an intelligent design argument for the existence of God. Plantina's key premise is that “naturalism” cannot account ... More

In Warrant and Proper Function and in Knowledge of God, Alvin Plantinga provides an intelligent design argument for the existence of God. Plantina's key premise is that “naturalism” cannot account for the proper functions of natural traits, but God as intelligent designer can. His argument for this premise relies on a thought experiment involving a Hitler-like madman and his henchmen. This chapter criticizes Platinga's thought experiment through careful attention to both intelligent design and natural selection as sources of functions and standards for normal functioning.Less

Genius Restored to Health

Ann Jefferson

in Genius in France: An Idea and Its Uses

This chapter presents arguments for a model of genius defined as the optimal expression of the human mind. This view dominated discussion in the last twenty years of the century, when the medical ... More

This chapter presents arguments for a model of genius defined as the optimal expression of the human mind. This view dominated discussion in the last twenty years of the century, when the medical profession mounted a challenge to its previous pathologizing of genius, and devoted its energies and insights to bringing it back within the bounds of normal mental functioning. The theme was taken up by the philosopher Gabriel Séailles in his Essai sur le génie dans l' art (An essay on genius in art, 1883), where he argues for a view of genius as a manifestation of the healthy human mind. The chapter studies other echoes of this theme in such individuals as Édouard Toulouse and Maurice de Fleury, among others.Less

Psychosexual problems in gynaecological malignancy

Lisa Punt

in Palliative Care Consultations in Gynaeoncology

The diagnosis and treatment of gynaecological malignancies in a woman creates a trauma that immensely impacts her psychosexual functioning. She may often be faced with a feeling of uncertainty, ... More

The diagnosis and treatment of gynaecological malignancies in a woman creates a trauma that immensely impacts her psychosexual functioning. She may often be faced with a feeling of uncertainty, anxiety, and fear that leaves her isolated. These feelings pose a challenge to her self-perception and social position, causing low self-esteem, breakdown of communication, and constrained relationships. In the setting of treatment and palliative, such concerns and feelings are often ignored as the concentration is on the achievement of cure. Although a woman may be rid of cancer, emotional and psychological scars can result in an unhappy patient. As the World Health Organization reiterates, health pertains not only to the absence of disease but to the state of complete physical, psychological, and social well-being. This chapter discusses some of the issues faced not only by the women diagnosed with gynaecological malignancies, but by their partners also. It aims to give guidance to all professionals who play important roles in the improvement of the quality of life of women facing gynaecological treatment. In the chapter, the parameters of sexual dysfunction; normal sexual functioning; causes of sexual dysfunction, including guidelines to address concerns on sexual dysfunction and regaining normal sexual function are discussed.Less

Variations of Mixed Hodge Structure

Patrick Brosnan and Fouad El Zein

Eduardo Cattani, Fouad El Zein, Phillip A. Griffiths, and Lê Dũng Tráng (eds)

in Hodge Theory (MN-49)

This chapter discusses the definition of admissible variations of mixed Hodge structure (VMHS), the results of M. Kashiwara in A study of variation of mixed Hodge structure (1986), and applications ... More

This chapter discusses the definition of admissible variations of mixed Hodge structure (VMHS), the results of M. Kashiwara in A study of variation of mixed Hodge structure (1986), and applications to the proof of algebraicity of the locus of certain Hodge cycles. It begins by recalling the relations between local systems and linear differential equations as well as the Thom–Whitney results on the topological properties of morphisms of algebraic varieties. The definition of a VMHS on a smooth variety is given, and the singularities of local systems are discussed. The chapter then studies the properties of degenerating geometric VMHS. Next it gives the definition and properties of admissible VMHS and reviews important local results of Kashiwara. Finally, the chapter recalls the definition of normal functions and explains recent results on the algebraicity of the zero set of normal functions.Less

Constructing Disability

Elizabeth Barnes

in The Minority Body: A Theory of Disability

The things we group as ‘disabilities’ are strikingly heterogeneous. The first task of any philosophical theory of disability is thus to argue that there is something unifying these disparate cases to ... More

The things we group as ‘disabilities’ are strikingly heterogeneous. The first task of any philosophical theory of disability is thus to argue that there is something unifying these disparate cases to which philosophical analysis can be usefully applied. Many accounts of disability attempt to explain what unifies individual disabilities via reference to specific features of disabled bodies, but this chapter argues that such accounts fail. There is no objective feature(s) of disabled bodies such that all and only bodies with that feature(s) count as disabled. Instead, it argues that disability is socially constructed. We should care about disability—and care about philosophical analysis of disability—primarily because disability is a way that people have grouped themselves when organizing a civil rights struggle.Less

Constipation

Tim Hiebert and Stefan Riel

in Palliative Medicine: A Case-Based Manual

This chapter examines the risk factors for constipation in the terminally ill patient, as well as explores the underlying pathophysiology of constipation in the setting of advanced illness. Normal ... More

This chapter examines the risk factors for constipation in the terminally ill patient, as well as explores the underlying pathophysiology of constipation in the setting of advanced illness. Normal bowel function requires coordination of gut motility with molecular transport across the bowel wall and reflexes of defecation. Disruption in any of these areas can affect normal bowel function. Unfortunately, in the setting of advanced illness, these factors are often disrupted. Patients nearing end of life often require medications to manage common symptoms related to terminal illness which often affect normal bowel function, adding another layer to consider when dealing with the patient’s constipation. Careful assessment, including history and physical examination, will be reviewed as they are needed to identify the best course of management. In certain situations, investigations and imaging may be required in order to better identify the cause. Many terminally ill patients are on opioids near end of life which are a class of medications notorious for causing constipation. This chapter will review the current evidence and management options for opioid-induced constipation, including a newer class of medications—the peripherally acting mu opioid receptor antagonists (PAMORAs).Less