Steven M. Lowenstein
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195171648
- eISBN:
- 9780199871346
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195171648.003.0013
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
This chapter shows that Jewish social life in the 19th century slowly became more sophisticated and less exclusive. Numerous German Jews acquired manners appropriate to polite gentile society and ...
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This chapter shows that Jewish social life in the 19th century slowly became more sophisticated and less exclusive. Numerous German Jews acquired manners appropriate to polite gentile society and began attending cultural events such as concerts and the theater. Though most Jews continued to socialize mainly with coreligionists, mixed Christian-Jewish formal and informal circles became more common. Jews of the higher classes were admitted to general bourgeois associations, and Jews participated in slowly growing numbers in local government and national politics. Violence against Jews became less common. In the liberal era of the 1850s and 1860s, barriers to Jewish mixing with non-Jews were probably lower than ever before in German history, though separate social circles were still quite noticeable.Less
This chapter shows that Jewish social life in the 19th century slowly became more sophisticated and less exclusive. Numerous German Jews acquired manners appropriate to polite gentile society and began attending cultural events such as concerts and the theater. Though most Jews continued to socialize mainly with coreligionists, mixed Christian-Jewish formal and informal circles became more common. Jews of the higher classes were admitted to general bourgeois associations, and Jews participated in slowly growing numbers in local government and national politics. Violence against Jews became less common. In the liberal era of the 1850s and 1860s, barriers to Jewish mixing with non-Jews were probably lower than ever before in German history, though separate social circles were still quite noticeable.
Robert Eisen
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199751471
- eISBN:
- 9780199894833
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199751471.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
According to the first reading, Kabbalah implicitly supports violence. It expresses the most negative views of non-Jews in the history of Judaism by associating them with the realm of pure evil, and ...
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According to the first reading, Kabbalah implicitly supports violence. It expresses the most negative views of non-Jews in the history of Judaism by associating them with the realm of pure evil, and it envisions the messianic era as a period in which the non-Jewish world will be destroyed. According to the second reading, medieval Kabbalah certainly has a negative view of non-Jews, but it never advocated physical violence against them. Moreover, the negative portrayals of non-Jews in Kabbalah have not stopped modern students from constructing a universalistic reading of Kabbalah that is inherently peaceful.Less
According to the first reading, Kabbalah implicitly supports violence. It expresses the most negative views of non-Jews in the history of Judaism by associating them with the realm of pure evil, and it envisions the messianic era as a period in which the non-Jewish world will be destroyed. According to the second reading, medieval Kabbalah certainly has a negative view of non-Jews, but it never advocated physical violence against them. Moreover, the negative portrayals of non-Jews in Kabbalah have not stopped modern students from constructing a universalistic reading of Kabbalah that is inherently peaceful.
Robert Eisen
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199751471
- eISBN:
- 9780199894833
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199751471.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
According to the first reading, Zionism represents the revival of violent tendencies in Judaism now that Jews once again have a state. In religious Zionism, the endorsement of violence is due to the ...
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According to the first reading, Zionism represents the revival of violent tendencies in Judaism now that Jews once again have a state. In religious Zionism, the endorsement of violence is due to the belief that Jews are chosen, that God promised them the land of Israel, that the messianic period is approaching, and that non-Jews are evil. Secular Zionism does not subscribe to the literal meaning of these premises, but it has translated them into nationalist ideals that have also inspired violence. According to the second reading, the violence of Zionism has been inspired by factors having little to do with Judaism, such as secular nationalism, Jewish fears of Arabs engendered by centuries of persecution, and the desperation of Jews who believed that Zionism represented the only chance for Jews to survive. Furthermore, much of the violence by Zionists has been defensive in nature.Less
According to the first reading, Zionism represents the revival of violent tendencies in Judaism now that Jews once again have a state. In religious Zionism, the endorsement of violence is due to the belief that Jews are chosen, that God promised them the land of Israel, that the messianic period is approaching, and that non-Jews are evil. Secular Zionism does not subscribe to the literal meaning of these premises, but it has translated them into nationalist ideals that have also inspired violence. According to the second reading, the violence of Zionism has been inspired by factors having little to do with Judaism, such as secular nationalism, Jewish fears of Arabs engendered by centuries of persecution, and the desperation of Jews who believed that Zionism represented the only chance for Jews to survive. Furthermore, much of the violence by Zionists has been defensive in nature.
Robert Eisen
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199751471
- eISBN:
- 9780199894833
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199751471.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
The Epilogue shares personal reflection on the practical ramifications of this study. Most important, if violent and peaceful readings of Judaism are both possible, can Judaism provide Jews with ...
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The Epilogue shares personal reflection on the practical ramifications of this study. Most important, if violent and peaceful readings of Judaism are both possible, can Judaism provide Jews with guidance on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict? The argument is made that guidance can indeed be found in the pragmatism of rabbinic Judaism that allowed Jews to survive and thrive for centuries. Pragmatism should encourage Jews to adopt a two-state solution that is in line with the peaceful reading of Judaism. Also shared here are personal, empirical reflections on relationships with non-Jews, Muslims, and Arabs that strengthen the argument for a peaceful understanding of Judaism.Less
The Epilogue shares personal reflection on the practical ramifications of this study. Most important, if violent and peaceful readings of Judaism are both possible, can Judaism provide Jews with guidance on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict? The argument is made that guidance can indeed be found in the pragmatism of rabbinic Judaism that allowed Jews to survive and thrive for centuries. Pragmatism should encourage Jews to adopt a two-state solution that is in line with the peaceful reading of Judaism. Also shared here are personal, empirical reflections on relationships with non-Jews, Muslims, and Arabs that strengthen the argument for a peaceful understanding of Judaism.
Chibli Mallat
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199230495
- eISBN:
- 9780191710926
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199230495.003.0006
- Subject:
- Law, Comparative Law
This chapter examines the more traditional adjudication of criminal and administrative cases. It argues that in the field of constitutional and criminal law, whenever the slightest political overtone ...
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This chapter examines the more traditional adjudication of criminal and administrative cases. It argues that in the field of constitutional and criminal law, whenever the slightest political overtone appears in a case — that is, prisoners of conscience, operations of the police and security services, review of electoral laws and elections, detention of political opponents under seditious acts, etc. — the legal professions find themselves struggling in a generally adverse environment. In areas of public life which are considered eminently ‘political’, regardless of whether people toil under traditional monarchies or revolutionary potentates, executive power has been reluctant to allow any serious review of state power.Less
This chapter examines the more traditional adjudication of criminal and administrative cases. It argues that in the field of constitutional and criminal law, whenever the slightest political overtone appears in a case — that is, prisoners of conscience, operations of the police and security services, review of electoral laws and elections, detention of political opponents under seditious acts, etc. — the legal professions find themselves struggling in a generally adverse environment. In areas of public life which are considered eminently ‘political’, regardless of whether people toil under traditional monarchies or revolutionary potentates, executive power has been reluctant to allow any serious review of state power.
Geoffrey Brahm Levey
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195103311
- eISBN:
- 9780199854585
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195103311.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
Jews have risen to become one of the best-educated and most economically secure ethno-religious groups in the United States. Some of the existing theories explain why American Jews are, or have been, ...
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Jews have risen to become one of the best-educated and most economically secure ethno-religious groups in the United States. Some of the existing theories explain why American Jews are, or have been, liberal; others help explain variance among American Jews in the degree of their liberalism. This chapter seeks to advance a new approach to explaining the disproportionate liberalism of Jews in America. Specifically, it rejects the standard assumption that American Jews are predisposed by their experience among non-Jews in wider society—whether considered in terms of marginality, minority status, or political interests—to be especially politically liberal. The central argument advanced here is that the pronounced liberalism of American Jews is best understood in terms of dynamics and tensions in their relation to the Jewish community as a religious body politic rather than in their relations with non-Jews or with non-Jewish society.Less
Jews have risen to become one of the best-educated and most economically secure ethno-religious groups in the United States. Some of the existing theories explain why American Jews are, or have been, liberal; others help explain variance among American Jews in the degree of their liberalism. This chapter seeks to advance a new approach to explaining the disproportionate liberalism of Jews in America. Specifically, it rejects the standard assumption that American Jews are predisposed by their experience among non-Jews in wider society—whether considered in terms of marginality, minority status, or political interests—to be especially politically liberal. The central argument advanced here is that the pronounced liberalism of American Jews is best understood in terms of dynamics and tensions in their relation to the Jewish community as a religious body politic rather than in their relations with non-Jews or with non-Jewish society.
Anita Shapira
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195103311
- eISBN:
- 9780199854585
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195103311.003.0013
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
This chapter discusses the biographies on Ahad Haʼam, along with an in-depth philosophical portrait of the Zionist thinker. The first to appear was Yosef Goldstein's Ahad Haʼam. Yehiel Alfred ...
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This chapter discusses the biographies on Ahad Haʼam, along with an in-depth philosophical portrait of the Zionist thinker. The first to appear was Yosef Goldstein's Ahad Haʼam. Yehiel Alfred Gottschalk soon followed suit, and a year later, Steven Zipperstein. Ahad Haʼam is not credited with any breakthroughs or sensational innovations, and he was more adept at negation than at construction. One of the elements missing in all three volumes is an analysis of Ahad Haʼam's attitude toward non-Jews. Throughout his writings, he conveys a sense of estrangement from the gentile world. For Ahad Haʼam, the Arab in Palestine functions as a yardstick for assaying the ethical tenor of the Zionist enterprise—a litmus test of how Jews behave when they are in power. All three authors deal (though not at great length) with the question of Ahad Haʼam's relevance today.Less
This chapter discusses the biographies on Ahad Haʼam, along with an in-depth philosophical portrait of the Zionist thinker. The first to appear was Yosef Goldstein's Ahad Haʼam. Yehiel Alfred Gottschalk soon followed suit, and a year later, Steven Zipperstein. Ahad Haʼam is not credited with any breakthroughs or sensational innovations, and he was more adept at negation than at construction. One of the elements missing in all three volumes is an analysis of Ahad Haʼam's attitude toward non-Jews. Throughout his writings, he conveys a sense of estrangement from the gentile world. For Ahad Haʼam, the Arab in Palestine functions as a yardstick for assaying the ethical tenor of the Zionist enterprise—a litmus test of how Jews behave when they are in power. All three authors deal (though not at great length) with the question of Ahad Haʼam's relevance today.
Gerald O'Collins, SJ
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199238903
- eISBN:
- 9780191696794
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199238903.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
This chapter highlights the relationship between Jesus of Nazareth and the outsiders. Jesus began his public ministry around AD 27. He focused on the preaching of the kingdom or the saving rule of ...
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This chapter highlights the relationship between Jesus of Nazareth and the outsiders. Jesus began his public ministry around AD 27. He focused on the preaching of the kingdom or the saving rule of God already powerfully present but not yet fully completed. According to the Gospels, Jesus responded not only to the Jews but also to the non-Jews. An example of this is when Jesus helped a desperately ill son of a non-Jewish military officer who was in command of 50 to 100 soldiers. Before healing the son of the centurion by a simple word of command, Jesus used the image of God's eschatological banquet to warn what would happen at the end. Meanwhile, the message of Jesus regarding the kingdom reached beyond the frontiers of racial and religious separations. The end of this chapter concludes that the word of Jesus is for everyone because he loves humankind.Less
This chapter highlights the relationship between Jesus of Nazareth and the outsiders. Jesus began his public ministry around AD 27. He focused on the preaching of the kingdom or the saving rule of God already powerfully present but not yet fully completed. According to the Gospels, Jesus responded not only to the Jews but also to the non-Jews. An example of this is when Jesus helped a desperately ill son of a non-Jewish military officer who was in command of 50 to 100 soldiers. Before healing the son of the centurion by a simple word of command, Jesus used the image of God's eschatological banquet to warn what would happen at the end. Meanwhile, the message of Jesus regarding the kingdom reached beyond the frontiers of racial and religious separations. The end of this chapter concludes that the word of Jesus is for everyone because he loves humankind.
Robert Gellately
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198228691
- eISBN:
- 9780191678806
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198228691.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
Racial policy during the Nazi regime was codified in a series of laws, ordinances, and decrees with more than one hundred entries and yet this was seen as incomplete by the Nazis. Although racial ...
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Racial policy during the Nazi regime was codified in a series of laws, ordinances, and decrees with more than one hundred entries and yet this was seen as incomplete by the Nazis. Although racial segregation was fiercely implemented by the Gestapo, several non-Jews kept up or even established new social contacts with the Jews in spite of the threat of sanctions and harsher punishments. This chapter looks at how the Gestapo sought to enforce racial policies designed to separate Jews from the non-Jews. In particular, it discusses the ways with which the Gestapo's effort for racial segregation failed as well as looking at the individuals and groups which displayed non-compliance to these racism.Less
Racial policy during the Nazi regime was codified in a series of laws, ordinances, and decrees with more than one hundred entries and yet this was seen as incomplete by the Nazis. Although racial segregation was fiercely implemented by the Gestapo, several non-Jews kept up or even established new social contacts with the Jews in spite of the threat of sanctions and harsher punishments. This chapter looks at how the Gestapo sought to enforce racial policies designed to separate Jews from the non-Jews. In particular, it discusses the ways with which the Gestapo's effort for racial segregation failed as well as looking at the individuals and groups which displayed non-compliance to these racism.
Rainer Liedtke
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207238
- eISBN:
- 9780191677564
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207238.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter focuses on co-operation between the community-wide Jewish welfare bodies — regarded by non-Jews as ‘official’ — and the institutions of poor relief in the wider society. It notes that ...
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This chapter focuses on co-operation between the community-wide Jewish welfare bodies — regarded by non-Jews as ‘official’ — and the institutions of poor relief in the wider society. It notes that this sheds light, in particular, on the relevance of religious observance in Jewish welfare work. It also inquires what these contacts say about the image Jewish welfare organizations in Hamburg and Manchester convey to larger society and how they perceive themselves.Less
This chapter focuses on co-operation between the community-wide Jewish welfare bodies — regarded by non-Jews as ‘official’ — and the institutions of poor relief in the wider society. It notes that this sheds light, in particular, on the relevance of religious observance in Jewish welfare work. It also inquires what these contacts say about the image Jewish welfare organizations in Hamburg and Manchester convey to larger society and how they perceive themselves.
Schechter Ronald
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520235571
- eISBN:
- 9780520929357
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520235571.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
Public discussion of the Jews faded substantially between 1792 and Napoleon's rise to power at the very end of the decade. The September 1791 legislation removing all legal distinctions between Jews ...
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Public discussion of the Jews faded substantially between 1792 and Napoleon's rise to power at the very end of the decade. The September 1791 legislation removing all legal distinctions between Jews and non Jews, combined with the prior decree of religious freedom in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, made it difficult to speak of “the Jews” as a discrete group. The abolition of the former Jewish corporations at the same time made it difficult for the Jews to register any collective grievances, or indeed to make any collective statements about themselves. No formally recognized rabbis or syndics could speak on their behalf, and any attempt to articulate specifically Jewish concerns risked provoking the accusation that the Jews were still a “nation within a nation.” The leader's particular interest in the Jews prompted their return to prominence in the public imagination.Less
Public discussion of the Jews faded substantially between 1792 and Napoleon's rise to power at the very end of the decade. The September 1791 legislation removing all legal distinctions between Jews and non Jews, combined with the prior decree of religious freedom in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, made it difficult to speak of “the Jews” as a discrete group. The abolition of the former Jewish corporations at the same time made it difficult for the Jews to register any collective grievances, or indeed to make any collective statements about themselves. No formally recognized rabbis or syndics could speak on their behalf, and any attempt to articulate specifically Jewish concerns risked provoking the accusation that the Jews were still a “nation within a nation.” The leader's particular interest in the Jews prompted their return to prominence in the public imagination.
Richard I. Cohen (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- August 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190912628
- eISBN:
- 9780190912659
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190912628.003.0034
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism, Religion and Society
This chapter reviews the book The Impossible Jew: Identity and Reconstruction of Jewish American Literary History (2015), by Benjamin Schreier. In The Impossible Jew, Schreier challenges the ...
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This chapter reviews the book The Impossible Jew: Identity and Reconstruction of Jewish American Literary History (2015), by Benjamin Schreier. In The Impossible Jew, Schreier challenges the dominance of a totalizing (historicist/nationalist/anthropologist) context in Jewish studies in America. Rather than asking what is “Jewish” in a text, he wishes to focus on scholars’ and readers’ inclination to conceptualize texts within one of these essentialist categories. He rejects the approach used by scholars to distinguish between the “Jews” and the “non-Jews.” Instead, he offers an alternative that highlights the way (Jewish) literature destabilizes these same categories. The Impossible Jew is thus a reflection on the impossibility of Jewishness as a coherent identity.Less
This chapter reviews the book The Impossible Jew: Identity and Reconstruction of Jewish American Literary History (2015), by Benjamin Schreier. In The Impossible Jew, Schreier challenges the dominance of a totalizing (historicist/nationalist/anthropologist) context in Jewish studies in America. Rather than asking what is “Jewish” in a text, he wishes to focus on scholars’ and readers’ inclination to conceptualize texts within one of these essentialist categories. He rejects the approach used by scholars to distinguish between the “Jews” and the “non-Jews.” Instead, he offers an alternative that highlights the way (Jewish) literature destabilizes these same categories. The Impossible Jew is thus a reflection on the impossibility of Jewishness as a coherent identity.
Rabbi Tovia Ben-Chorin
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823228119
- eISBN:
- 9780823236985
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823228119.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter examines cases of Jew and non-Jew dialogue in the Bible and in Rabbinic Literature. The foundational element of the Jewish Bible is the dialogue between God and man and between man and ...
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This chapter examines cases of Jew and non-Jew dialogue in the Bible and in Rabbinic Literature. The foundational element of the Jewish Bible is the dialogue between God and man and between man and man. This element was derived from the relationship of the deity to humankind, specifically to the Children of Israel. The expression of this relationship is not only through verbal revelation but also through human discourse and dialogue with the deity. The account of this dialogue in the Bible came after the Flood.Less
This chapter examines cases of Jew and non-Jew dialogue in the Bible and in Rabbinic Literature. The foundational element of the Jewish Bible is the dialogue between God and man and between man and man. This element was derived from the relationship of the deity to humankind, specifically to the Children of Israel. The expression of this relationship is not only through verbal revelation but also through human discourse and dialogue with the deity. The account of this dialogue in the Bible came after the Flood.
Naomi Leite
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780520285040
- eISBN:
- 9780520960640
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520285040.003.0004
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Global
This chapter explores the transformations that occurred once the urban Marranos attempted to enter the world of Portugal's organized Jewish communities, which rejected them as non-Jews, and when they ...
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This chapter explores the transformations that occurred once the urban Marranos attempted to enter the world of Portugal's organized Jewish communities, which rejected them as non-Jews, and when they subsequently discovered other “outsiders” like themselves. It provides an ethnographic portrait of the processes through which they became Marranos, the existing social category that seemed closest to who they felt they were, and of the distinctive practices and dispositions through which that new facet of the self was constituted and expressed. Particular attention is given to how they learned to recognize and narrate the ways in which they were ancestrally or otherwise essentially Jewish, in dialogue with foreign visitors.Less
This chapter explores the transformations that occurred once the urban Marranos attempted to enter the world of Portugal's organized Jewish communities, which rejected them as non-Jews, and when they subsequently discovered other “outsiders” like themselves. It provides an ethnographic portrait of the processes through which they became Marranos, the existing social category that seemed closest to who they felt they were, and of the distinctive practices and dispositions through which that new facet of the self was constituted and expressed. Particular attention is given to how they learned to recognize and narrate the ways in which they were ancestrally or otherwise essentially Jewish, in dialogue with foreign visitors.
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804763837
- eISBN:
- 9780804781046
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804763837.003.0003
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Jewish Studies
This chapter examines the rapid urbanization and disorder in the city of Warsaw. It describes the period of tremendous demographic growth and economic change for Jews and non-Jews in Warsaw. Despite ...
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This chapter examines the rapid urbanization and disorder in the city of Warsaw. It describes the period of tremendous demographic growth and economic change for Jews and non-Jews in Warsaw. Despite efforts to reduce the arrival of Jewish in-migrants to Warsaw, the city's Jewish population continued to rise. The chapter also examines the role played by the recently legalized and incredibly popular daily press, the size and scale of problems in the city, and the growing challenge to traditional Jewish institutions and organizations.Less
This chapter examines the rapid urbanization and disorder in the city of Warsaw. It describes the period of tremendous demographic growth and economic change for Jews and non-Jews in Warsaw. Despite efforts to reduce the arrival of Jewish in-migrants to Warsaw, the city's Jewish population continued to rise. The chapter also examines the role played by the recently legalized and incredibly popular daily press, the size and scale of problems in the city, and the growing challenge to traditional Jewish institutions and organizations.
István Bibó
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780300203783
- eISBN:
- 9780300210262
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300203783.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter discusses the Jewish dilemma in post-1944 Hungary. It describes the experiences of Hungarian Jews in Hungarian society. It also addresses various psychological, economic, and religious ...
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This chapter discusses the Jewish dilemma in post-1944 Hungary. It describes the experiences of Hungarian Jews in Hungarian society. It also addresses various psychological, economic, and religious factors as antecedents, explanations, or causes, of the pathological phenomenon. Community relations between Jews and non-Jews and the various factors and components of the enmity toward Jewry are reviewed. The chapter then explores the situation that has evolved in Hungary since liberation.Less
This chapter discusses the Jewish dilemma in post-1944 Hungary. It describes the experiences of Hungarian Jews in Hungarian society. It also addresses various psychological, economic, and religious factors as antecedents, explanations, or causes, of the pathological phenomenon. Community relations between Jews and non-Jews and the various factors and components of the enmity toward Jewry are reviewed. The chapter then explores the situation that has evolved in Hungary since liberation.
Ami Pedahzur
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199744701
- eISBN:
- 9780199979394
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199744701.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, International Relations and Politics
Two decades ago, the idea that a “radical right” could capture and drive Israeli politics seemed highly improbable. While it was a boisterous faction and received heavy media coverage, it constituted ...
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Two decades ago, the idea that a “radical right” could capture and drive Israeli politics seemed highly improbable. While it was a boisterous faction and received heavy media coverage, it constituted a fringe element. Yet by 2009, Israel’s radical right had not only entrenched itself in mainstream Israeli politics, it was dictating policy in a wide range of areas. The government has essentially caved to the settlers on the West Bank, and restrictions on non-Jews in Israel have increased in the past few years. Members of the radical right have assumed prominent positions in Israel’s elite security forces. The possibility of a two state solution seems more remote than ever, and the emergence of ethnonationalist politician Avigdor Lieberman suggests that its power is increasing. Quite simply, if we want to understand the seemingly intractable situation in Israel today, we need a comprehensive account of the radical right. This book provides an analysis of its ascendance to the heights of Israeli politics. After analyzing what, exactly, they believe in, the book explains how mainstream Israeli policies like “the right of return” have served as unexpected foundations for their nativism and authoritarian tendencies. It then traces the right’s steady rise, from the first intifada to the “Greater Israel” movement that is so prominent today. Throughout, the book focuses on the radical right’s institutional networks and how the movement has been able to expand its constituency. The closing chapter is grim yet realistic: the book contends that a two state solution is no longer viable and that the vision of the radical rabbi Meir Kahane, who was a fringe figure while alive, has triumphed.Less
Two decades ago, the idea that a “radical right” could capture and drive Israeli politics seemed highly improbable. While it was a boisterous faction and received heavy media coverage, it constituted a fringe element. Yet by 2009, Israel’s radical right had not only entrenched itself in mainstream Israeli politics, it was dictating policy in a wide range of areas. The government has essentially caved to the settlers on the West Bank, and restrictions on non-Jews in Israel have increased in the past few years. Members of the radical right have assumed prominent positions in Israel’s elite security forces. The possibility of a two state solution seems more remote than ever, and the emergence of ethnonationalist politician Avigdor Lieberman suggests that its power is increasing. Quite simply, if we want to understand the seemingly intractable situation in Israel today, we need a comprehensive account of the radical right. This book provides an analysis of its ascendance to the heights of Israeli politics. After analyzing what, exactly, they believe in, the book explains how mainstream Israeli policies like “the right of return” have served as unexpected foundations for their nativism and authoritarian tendencies. It then traces the right’s steady rise, from the first intifada to the “Greater Israel” movement that is so prominent today. Throughout, the book focuses on the radical right’s institutional networks and how the movement has been able to expand its constituency. The closing chapter is grim yet realistic: the book contends that a two state solution is no longer viable and that the vision of the radical rabbi Meir Kahane, who was a fringe figure while alive, has triumphed.
Hasia R. Diner and Gennady Estraikh
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814720202
- eISBN:
- 9781479878253
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814720202.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This book explores the Jewish world in 1929 and the reaction of Jewish communities, organizations, and individuals to the dramatic events of that year. It considers the transnational connections that ...
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This book explores the Jewish world in 1929 and the reaction of Jewish communities, organizations, and individuals to the dramatic events of that year. It considers the transnational connections that linked Jews to one another regardless of where they lived and how the developments of 1929, especially the stock market crash, affected the Jews in terms of their relationships with each other and the bonds they forged with non-Jews. It also examines the impact of the particularities of the United States on the relationships between its Jews and those elsewhere, notably in terms of the ways in which American Jews connected to those in the Soviet Union. The book shows that Jews behaved politically in a global context in the post-World War I world, even as they functioned as American Jews, Russian/Soviet Jews, German Jews, Palestinian Jews, or Polish Jews.Less
This book explores the Jewish world in 1929 and the reaction of Jewish communities, organizations, and individuals to the dramatic events of that year. It considers the transnational connections that linked Jews to one another regardless of where they lived and how the developments of 1929, especially the stock market crash, affected the Jews in terms of their relationships with each other and the bonds they forged with non-Jews. It also examines the impact of the particularities of the United States on the relationships between its Jews and those elsewhere, notably in terms of the ways in which American Jews connected to those in the Soviet Union. The book shows that Jews behaved politically in a global context in the post-World War I world, even as they functioned as American Jews, Russian/Soviet Jews, German Jews, Palestinian Jews, or Polish Jews.
Jenny R. Labendz
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199934560
- eISBN:
- 9780199345793
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199934560.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
This book investigates the self-perception and self-fashioning of the rabbis of Late Antiquity within a non-Jewish social and intellectual world. Rabbinic depictions of non-Jews interacting with ...
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This book investigates the self-perception and self-fashioning of the rabbis of Late Antiquity within a non-Jewish social and intellectual world. Rabbinic depictions of non-Jews interacting with rabbis are a window into how the rabbis viewed both non-Jews and themselves. Despite the highly internal and self-referential nature of rabbinic Torah study, some rabbis indeed imagined the involvement of non-Jews in rabbinic intellectual culture as an enriching aspect of the rabbis' own learning and teaching. The book identifies a subgenre of rabbinic texts called “Socratic Torah,” which portrays rabbis engaging in productive dialogue with non-Jews about biblical and rabbinic law and narrative. In these texts, rabbinic epistemology expands to include reliance not only upon Scripture and rabbinic tradition, but also upon the intuitions and life experiences common to Jews and non-Jews. This study reveals that the presence of non-Jews at times was a welcome opportunity for the rabbis to think and speak differently about Torah. The explication of Socratic Torah is contextualized within rabbinic literature at large and within cognate literatures, including Plato's dialogues, Jewish texts of the Second Temple period, and the New Testament. While the book focuses on non-Jews in the Palestinian Talmud and midrashim, it includes chapters on the Babylonian Talmud and on the liminal figures of minim and Matrona. In these ways, the handful of passages that make up the subgenre of Socratic Torah serves as the entryway for a much broader understanding of rabbinic literature and rabbinic intellectual culture.Less
This book investigates the self-perception and self-fashioning of the rabbis of Late Antiquity within a non-Jewish social and intellectual world. Rabbinic depictions of non-Jews interacting with rabbis are a window into how the rabbis viewed both non-Jews and themselves. Despite the highly internal and self-referential nature of rabbinic Torah study, some rabbis indeed imagined the involvement of non-Jews in rabbinic intellectual culture as an enriching aspect of the rabbis' own learning and teaching. The book identifies a subgenre of rabbinic texts called “Socratic Torah,” which portrays rabbis engaging in productive dialogue with non-Jews about biblical and rabbinic law and narrative. In these texts, rabbinic epistemology expands to include reliance not only upon Scripture and rabbinic tradition, but also upon the intuitions and life experiences common to Jews and non-Jews. This study reveals that the presence of non-Jews at times was a welcome opportunity for the rabbis to think and speak differently about Torah. The explication of Socratic Torah is contextualized within rabbinic literature at large and within cognate literatures, including Plato's dialogues, Jewish texts of the Second Temple period, and the New Testament. While the book focuses on non-Jews in the Palestinian Talmud and midrashim, it includes chapters on the Babylonian Talmud and on the liminal figures of minim and Matrona. In these ways, the handful of passages that make up the subgenre of Socratic Torah serves as the entryway for a much broader understanding of rabbinic literature and rabbinic intellectual culture.
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781846316609
- eISBN:
- 9781846316746
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/UPO9781846316746.003
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
World War I officially ended on November 11, 1918, when Germany and the Allies signed an armistice treaty. In the days before the armistice, widespread discontent drove both civilians and the ...
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World War I officially ended on November 11, 1918, when Germany and the Allies signed an armistice treaty. In the days before the armistice, widespread discontent drove both civilians and the military in Germany to stage street protests that culminated in a revolution. Despite the end of the war, German Jews continued to suffer while being blamed by many Germans for the defeat and the revolution. This chapter challenges conventional wisdom concerning the relations between Jews and non-Jews by revisiting the notion that World War I gave rise to a separate and inward-turning Jewish public sphere. It explores how mourning practices that emerged during the war led to a more permanent commemorative process during the early post-war years. This early remembrance activity involved almost all sections of German society and resulted in the proliferation of war memorials.Less
World War I officially ended on November 11, 1918, when Germany and the Allies signed an armistice treaty. In the days before the armistice, widespread discontent drove both civilians and the military in Germany to stage street protests that culminated in a revolution. Despite the end of the war, German Jews continued to suffer while being blamed by many Germans for the defeat and the revolution. This chapter challenges conventional wisdom concerning the relations between Jews and non-Jews by revisiting the notion that World War I gave rise to a separate and inward-turning Jewish public sphere. It explores how mourning practices that emerged during the war led to a more permanent commemorative process during the early post-war years. This early remembrance activity involved almost all sections of German society and resulted in the proliferation of war memorials.
